Structures Notes P1

7/31/2019 Structures Notes P1

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Click to edit Master subtitle style

Learning Objectives(The Syllabus)


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How are we going tolearn STRUCTURES?

Lesson 1

Definition ofstructureFunction of structureClassification ofstructureStructural FailureLesson 2

Definition of Loadsand ForcesTypes of loads andforcesFunction of: Struts,ties, beams,cantilever


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How are we going tolearn STRUCTURES?

Lesson 3Concept ofEQUILIBRIUM(Principle of

moments)Methods ofreinforcingstructures(Gussets, ribs,braces, laminating,

Honeycomb,


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Lesson 1

Definition of Structure

Function of StructureClassification of StructuresStructural Failure


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Design andTechnology

Lesson 1 SuccessCriteria

1. State the 4 functions ofstructure and provideexamples.

2. Identify the types ofstructure.

(manmade, shell/ manmadeframe/ natural, shell/ naturalframe)

3. Understand at least 3 causes of

SuccessCriteria

Definition ofstructure

Function ofstructure

Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure


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When you think ofStructure,

What comes to yourmind?

Lets brainstorm structures around you!


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Definition of Structure

Anythingdesigned tosupport a loador forces acting

upon it.

A structuremust be strong

enough tosupport its ownweight and

whatever load is

SuccessCriteria



Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure

Thus structures do NOT necessarily refer to buildings.Buildings are just ONE of the many forms of structures.


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Structures inEveryday Lives

SuccessCriteria



Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure

This foldable chair is aproduct of IKEA. Thejoints of the chair mustbe strong to withstandthe weight of a personsitting on it. Inaddition, the chairmust be designed insuch a way that the

user can sitcomfortably on it.

The portablelaundry bag

must be ableto support theweight of the

used clothing.It must be

collapsible to

save storagespace.

The structure of theskyscraper must bedesigned to ensurethat it is able to resistwind and support allthe loads.

The foundationsof the building

are set deepinto the groundto prevent thebuilding from

toppling.


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Function of Structure

The four main functionsstructures are:

Supporting Spanning

Containing

Protecting

SuccessCriteria



Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure


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Function of Structure:Spanning

What Spanning means: to extend across inspace

example of structure :

A bridge is a structure that spans across two

ends A roofspans across the walls of a building.

SuccessCriteria



Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure


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Function of Structure:Containing

Structures are able to containthings


Boxes, bottles, product/foodpackaging are used to contain thingsfor storage or transportation

purposes.

packaging and productsare folded or blisterpacked to produce

containers

SuccessCriteria



Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure


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Function of Structure:Protecting

Structures are able to protect


Safety helmet is used to protect the

head of the user, egg carton reduces therisk of breaking the eggs duringtransportation

corrugation incardboard boxe

protects theproducts durin

distribution

SuccessCriteria



Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure


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Function of Structure:Summary

SuccessCriteria



Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure

Function Examples

Supporting Supporting own weight: bus-stop

Supporting other loads: crane, car,chair

Spanning Bridge, roof

Containing Bottles, product/food packaging

Protecting Safety helmet, egg carton


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Types of Structure

A structure can be classifiedas

Natural, frame

Natural, shell Man-made, frame

Man-made, shell

StructuralFailure

SuccessCriteria



Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure


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What is a FrameStructure?

Frame structure consistsofstrips of materialtogether to form a

framework

SuccessCriteria



Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure


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What is a ShellStructure?

Shell structure Consists ofa skin to provide strengthand rigidity

SuccessCriteria



Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure


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Classifying Structures

Structure Type FunctionTree

branches

Natural,Frame

Supports leaves

to reach sunlight

Natural,Shell

Honeycomb

Contains honey,Protects larvae

SuccessCriteria



Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure

PylonMan made,Frame

Supports electriccables


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Classifying Structures

Structure Type Function

Skeleton

Natural,Frame

Supports the

animal

Natural,

Frame

Spider web

Supports insects

caught,Spans surroundingsof the spider foreasy movement

SuccessCriteria



Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure


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ClassifyingStructures: Examples

SuccessCriteria



Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure

Example Type Function

Tree Frame; natural Supports leaves to reach sunlight

Honeycomb Shell; natural Contains honey,Protects larvae

Spider web Frame; natural Supports insects caught,Spans surroundings of the spider for easymovement

Animalskeleton

Frame; natural Supports the animal

Crabskeleton

Shell; natural Supports and Protects the animal

Bridge Frame; man-made Spans a gap between two locations

Crane Frame; man-made Supports cargo

Pylon Frame; man-made Supports electric cables

Roof Frame or shell;man-made

Spans the top opening of a building

Protects occupants of building

Furniture Frame or shell,man-made

Supports person sitting or things placedon it


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Structural Failure

What isthe cause?

SuccessCriteria



Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure


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Life Example

(optional)Click on the following link to read up moreabout real cases of structural failure:

Poor Construction Reason Schools Collapsed

in China Quake: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndZU2Q3I_o8

http://www.wsws.org/articles/2008/oct2008/chin-o16.shtml

SuccessCriteria



Types ofStructure

StructuralFailure
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndZU2Q3I_o8http://www.wsws.org/articles/2008/oct2008/chin-o16.shtmlhttp://www.wsws.org/articles/2008/oct2008/chin-o16.shtmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndZU2Q3I_o8

Structures Notes P1

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