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Transcript of Stress and well being at work place full info
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What Is Stress?
[Stress] – the unconscious preparation to fight or flee that a person experiences when faced with any demand
[Stressor ] – the person or event that triggers the stress response
[Distress (or strain)] – the adverse psychological, physical, behavioral, and organizational consequences that may arise as a result of stressful events
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Homeostatic/Medical
Stress occurs when an external demand upsets an individual’s natural, steady-state
balance.
4 APPROACHES TO STRESS
© 2013 Cengage Learning
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Individuals differ in their appraisal of events and people
What is stressful for one person is not for another
Perception and cognitive appraisal determines what is stressful
COGNITIVE APPRAISAL
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© 2013 Cengage Learning
Problem-focused copingemphasizes managing the stressor
COGNITIVE APPRAISAL
Emotion-focused copingemphasizes managing your response
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Confusing and conflicting expectations in a social role create stress.
Good person-environment fit occurs when one’s skills and abilities match a clearly defined set of role expectations.
Stress occurs when expectations are confusing or when they conflict with one’s skills.
PERSON-ENVIRONMENTFIT
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PSYCHOANALYTIC
© 2013 Cengage Learning
STRESS
Discrepancy between the idealized selfand the real self-image
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The Stress Response
© 2013 Cengage Learning
Release of chemical messengers
Activation of sympathetic nervous and
endocrine systems
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Sources of Stress:Work Demands
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Stress Source:Nonwork Demands
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Positive Stress
Stress response itself is neutral Some stressful activities (aerobic
exercise, etc.) can enhance a person’s ability to manage stressful demands or situations
Stress can provide a needed energy boost
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Yerkes-Dodson Law
© 2013 Cengage Learning
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Demand
Eustress
Distress (strain)
GenderType A behavior patternPersonality HardinessSelf-reliance (attachment style)
Stressor Stress Response
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Individual Distress
© 2013 Cengage Learning
Work-related psychological disordersWork-related psychological disorders(depression, burnout, (depression, burnout,
psychosomatic disorders)psychosomatic disorders)
Medical illness
(heart disease, strokes,
headaches, backaches)
Behavioral problems
Behavioral problems(substance abuse,
(substance abuse,violence, accidents)
violence, accidents)
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Organizational Distress
Participative Problems – a cost associated with absenteeism, tardiness, strikes and work stoppages, and turnover
Performance Decrement – a cost resulting from poor quality or low quantity of production, grievances, and unscheduled machine downtime and repair
Compensation Award – an organizational cost resulting from court awards for job distress
Stresseffects a company’sbottom line
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Individual Differences
© 2013 Cengage Learning
Achilles’ heel phenomenon – –
a person breaks down at his or her weakest point
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Gender Effects
Sexual HarassmentVulnerabilities
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Type A Behavior Patterns
Competitiveness Time urgency Social Status Insecurity Aggression Hostility Quest for achievements
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Personality Hardiness
[Personality Hardiness] challenge (versus threat)
commitment (versus alienation)
control (versus powerlessness)
[Transformational Coping]
active process of modifying one’s perception of an event in order to reduce stress.
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Preventative Stress Management
an organizational philosophy
according to which people and
organizations should take joint
responsibility for promoting
health and preventing distress
and strain
© 2013 Cengage Learning
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Preventative Stress Management
Primary Prevention – the stage in preventive stress management designed to reduce, modify, or eliminate the demand or stressor
Secondary Prevention – the stage in preventive stress management designed to alter or modify the individual’s or the organization’s response to a demand or stressor
Tertiary Prevention – the stage in preventive stress management designed to heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain
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Preventative Stress Maintenance
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Organizational Stress Prevention
Job redesign Goal setting Role negotiation Social support systems
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Job Strain Model
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Social Support at Work and Home
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Individual Preventive Stress Management
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What Can Managers Do?
Learn how to create healthy stress without distress
Help employees adjust to new technologies
Be sensitive to early signs of distress Be aware of gender, personality, and
behavioral differences Use principles and methods of
preventive stress management