Strategic Challenges in the Energy Sector

Ecoefficiency and Sustainability

Leon GlicksmanBuilding Technology Program

MITFebruary 11,2008

Atmospheric CO2 ConcentrationCO2

280

300

320

340

360

380

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000Year

CO

2 Con

c. (p

pmv)

Stabilization TriangleCurre

ntly projected path

Flat path

Historicalemissions

Easier CO2 target~850 ppm

Tougher CO2 target

~500 ppm

The Stabilization Triangle

OInterim Goal

Billion of Tons of Carbon Emitted per Year

14

7

1.9 0

21051955 2005 2055

U.S. Energy Flow 2004Traditional Solution Focus

DOE Energy Information Admin.

U.S. Energy Flow 2004Neglected Focus

DOE Energy Information Admin.

U.S. Energy Use28%

33%

39% Transportation

Industrial

Buildings

US Energy Consumption

U.S. Buildings

•39 % of total energy ( in UK 50 % )•67 % of electricity•90% of time spent indoors•Major health problems: indoor climate

Currently

projected path

Flat path

Historicalemissions

14 GtC/y

7 GtC/y

Seven “wedges”

Wedges

O

Billion of Tons of Carbon Emitted per Year

14

7

1.9 0

21051955 2005 2055

Fill the Stabilization Triangle with Seven Wedges

Energy Efficiency

Decarbonized Electricity

Fuel Displacement by Low-Carbon Electricity

Forests & Soils DecarbonizedFuels

StabilizationTriangle

2004 20547 GtC/y

14 GtC/y

MethaneManagement

Energy Efficient Buildings

• Building Efficiency is an Important Solution to Energy Problem

• Cost Effective when Done Properly• Requires Integrated Approach• Important Contributions

– New Technology– New Assessment Tools: Virtual Building

• Challenges in the future

China ~ 10 M new residence units/year!

ABU-DHABI MASDAR DEVELOPMENTGoal: Zero Carbon

Foster and Partners

2004 Residential End Uses

2004 Commercial Buildings End Use

2004 Commercial Buildings End Use

2004 Commercial Buildings End Use

Energy EfficientCopenhagen: Cooled only by

Natural Ventilation

Not very energy efficient

A More Recent MIT Solar House

… even more recent …

http://www.solardecathlon.org/homes_gallery.html#mit

Campus GHG Sources

• Building consumption 90%• Transportation (including commuting) 9.5%• Solid waste 0.5%• + Recent UROP study:

MIT air travel contributed 12- 22 % of MIT’s CO2 Emissions

Undergraduate Projects at MIT

MIT Building 18 at 5PM Steve Amanti

2AM

Student Campus Energy Project Grants

Campus Climate Awareness Project Wind Turbine Competition

Energy Mapping Project Revolving Door Behavioral Change Campaign

MIT Generator

Appliance Use Energy Audits and Case Studies

UA Campus Energy and Environment Pamphlet

http://mit.edu/mitei/news/student-fund.html

For the Campus Energy Initiative