Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen
-
Upload
icarb -
Category
Environment
-
view
502 -
download
0
Transcript of Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen
![Page 1: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Storages for (solar) heating systems
at domestic, community and industrial scales
Klaus Vajen, Kassel University (DE), Inst. of Thermal Engineering, Edinburgh, 21.10.14
1. Introduction
2. Conventional (solar) thermal storages
3. New storage developments > 3 m³
4. Systems with 50+ solar heating
5. Solar heat for industrial processes
6. New concept for district heating
![Page 2: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
≈ 25 scientists + students + spin-offs
R&D:
Coordination:
• MSc-programme „Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency“
• Europewide PhD-education in solar heating (SolNet)
• Council „Teaching RE at Universities“ in German speaking countries
• Solar World Congress in Kassel 2011
• …
2
• (solar) thermal energy systems
• energy efficiency in buildings
• advice to policy makers
• higher education
Solar- and Systems Engineering
![Page 3: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Angebot & Bedarf
2.
8
5.
5
6.
6
7.
4
8.
1
8.
8
9.
6
10
.3
11
.1
11
.8
12
.5
13
.3
14
.0
14
.7
15
.5
16
.2
17
.0
17
.7
18
.4
19
.2
19
.9
22
.4
Zeit [h] ->
Angebot 5m² Bedarfsdeckung 90%
Angebot & Bedarf
2.
8
5.
5
6.
6
7.
4
8.
1
8.
8
9.
6
10
.3
11
.1
11
.8
12
.5
13
.3
14
.0
14
.7
15
.5
16
.2
17
.0
17
.7
18
.4
19
.2
19
.9
22
.4
Zeit [h] ->
Angebot 5m² Bedarfsdeckung 90%
12 0 24
Tageszeit [h]
Le
istu
ng
[k
W]
15
20
12
6
3po
we
r (k
W)
time of day (h)
Solar irradiance on a 5 m² collector area
and domestic hot water demand of a single family dwelling
picture: H. Drück, Stuttgart Univ.
Why diurnal storage?
![Page 4: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
TWW
DHW and space heating
Without seasonal storage:
Solar contribution limited to ≈ 25% of the overall heat demand
Why seasonal storage?
kWh / month
solar radiation
![Page 5: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
TWW
DHW and space heating
Higher solar fraction:
Larger collector area and seasonal store neccessary
Why seasonal storage?
kWh / month
solar radiation
![Page 6: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Why do we store heat?
System optimization
Peak generation
Peak load Increase
solar fraction
Increase comfort
Improvement of system reliability
![Page 7: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Heat storage
sensible heat
solid solid/ liquid
liquid
- water
- heat transfer oil
latent heat
solid/liquid
organic
inorganic
liquid/gaseous
chemical reaction heat
7
Mediums to store heat
Wärmespeicherung
Sensible Wärme Latente Wärme
Fest-Flüssig
Granit
Eisen
Aquifer
Kies/Wasser
Flüssig-Gasförmig
Chemische Reaktionswärme
Fest Fest+Flüssig Flüssig
Wasser
Wärmeträgeröl
Organisch Anorganisch
Wasser
Fettsäuren
Ammoniakate
Salzlösungen/Wasser
Silikagel/Wasser
Salzgemische
![Page 8: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
10.000
1.000
100
theoretical energy density of storage mediums
MJ/m³
10 20 40 100 200 400 1.000
temperature in °C
• real densities compared to water
– latent 1 ... 2
– sorption 2 … 3
– chemical 4 …10
• water most important
storage medium
in domestic applications
Overview: Heat Storages Mediums
Picture: Hadorn (CH) 2005
![Page 9: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Domestic buildings
• (solar) domestic hot water (dhw)
• (solar) dhw and space heating
• (solar) district heating
• „solar houses“ – high solar fractions
Non residential
• dhw
• industrial process heat 9
Typical applications of heat stores
picture: C. Brunner, AEE INTEC (AT)
![Page 10: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Small water storages
picture: G. Stryi-Hipp (BSI)
![Page 11: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
solar fraction: 60% of energy for hot water demand
picture: H. Drück, Stuttgart Univ.
Solar domestic hot water
storage: potable water, ca 300 l
cold water
hot water
ca 5 m²
![Page 12: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
solar fraction: 25% of the overall heat demand
picture : H. Drück, Stuttgart Univ.
Solar assisted space heating
storage: heating water, ca. 700 l ca 12 m²
![Page 13: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Source: Simulation study from Uni Stuttgart (DE), SFH in Würzburg ENEV 2005, Slide H. Drück
solar
fraction
25m²/30m³ 35m²/10m³
Solar assisted space heating: simulations
Aim:
collector area
![Page 14: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Overview water storages > 3 m³
Common challenges
• logistics (volume limited to ≈ 750 l before)
• space demand
• costs
picture: ITW, Stuttgart Univ. (DE)
![Page 15: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
State of the art
Pro
• most common solution
• simple logistics
• pressurized
Contra
• high costs and heat losses
• much space needed
• complex assembling and hydraulic integration
15
picture: Bauer Lmt. (DE)
Storage cascade of single tanks
![Page 16: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Pro
• customizable
Contra
• complex assembling and welding
• high costs for individually planned system
16
Picture: Thüsolar Lmt (DE)
On site welded steel tank
State of the art
![Page 17: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Pro
• available
Contra
• difficult logistics
• only for non-residential and new building
• expensive 17
picture:
Jenni Energietechnik (CH)
Monolithic steel storage
State of the art
![Page 18: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Pro
• „zero“ space demand in building
Contra
• costly logistic
• groundwork necessary
• heat losses depend on geology
18
picture: Mall Lmt (DE)
New developments
Buried buffer storage
![Page 19: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Pro
• simple logistics
• inexpensive
• optimized space utilization
Contra
• mounting only by specialists
19
picture: fsave Lmt (DE)
New developments
Modularly erected PP-H storage
![Page 20: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Pro
• resistant to high temperatures
• stainless
Contra
• complex and costly mounting
• high costs of GRP
20
picture: Haase Lmt (DE)
GRP = glass-fibre reinforced plastic
New developments
On site laminated GRP buffer storage
![Page 21: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Pro
• simple logistics
• good space utilization
• pressurized
Contra
• not cheap
• (dis)charging
picture:
Consolar Lmt (DE)
New developments
Collective insulated storage cascade
![Page 22: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
New storage developments > 5 m³
Mall FSAVE Solartechnik Haase
Energietechnik
Consolar
features buried
unpressurized
cubic
unpressurized
unpressurized
pressurized < 2,5 bar
materials concrete and
stainless steel
PP, PU GRP plastics, steel
typical
application
(old and) new
building
old and new
building
old and new
building
old and new
building
⇨ use of new materials (concrete, plastics)
⇨ new designs (not necessarily cylindrical) new technical options
![Page 23: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Mall FSAVE Solartechnik Haase
Energietechnik
Consolar
logistics
costs
space
demand
New storage developments > 5 m³
![Page 24: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Specific costs vs. volume
picture: H. Drück, Stuttgart Univ. (DE)
€ /m³
m³
![Page 25: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Solar building 50+
pictures: Sonnenhausinstitut (DE)
![Page 26: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• solar fraction > 50%
• collector area: 30 .. 50 m²
• water storage: 6 .. 10 m³
• requirements:
• excellent heat insulation
• low temperature heating system
pictures: Sonnenhausinstitut (DE)
The concept “Solar Building 50+”
![Page 27: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
-0.625
-0.500
-0.375
-0.250
-0.125
0.000
0.125
0.250
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875
1.000
-125
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Nov Dez Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt
rela
tive
r W
ärm
ein
ha
lt S
pe
ich
er
[-]
Wä
rme
me
ng
e [
kW
h]
Solar Pos. Zusatzwärm WW-Verbrau Gesamt-NUT Wärmeverl. Rel. WärmeQsol Qzusatz QTW QHK QSp,verl qSp,relativ
heating period 2011/2012 HP 2012 summer period 2012
Qaux QDHW QSH Qsto,loss qsto,rel Qsol
Oct May Dec
He
at co
nsu
mp
tio
n p
er
da
y [kW
h]
Re
lative
he
at co
nte
nt o
f sto
re [-]
Storage management
source: H. Drück, Stuttgart Univ., 2013
House: 550 m², Collector 62 m² @ 44°, Storage: 15 m³
![Page 28: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
-0.625
-0.500
-0.375
-0.250
-0.125
0.000
0.125
0.250
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875
1.000
-125
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Nov Dez Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt
rela
tive
r W
ärm
ein
ha
lt S
pe
ich
er
[-]
Wä
rme
me
ng
e [
kW
h]
Solar Pos. Zusatzwärm WW-Verbrau Gesamt-NUT Wärmeverl. Rel. WärmeQsol Qzusatz QTW QHK QSp,verl qSp,relativ
heating period 2011/2012 HP 2012 summer period 2012
Qaux QDHW QSH Qsto,loss qsto,rel Qsol
Oct May Dec
Heat
co
nsu
mp
tio
n p
er
day [
kW
h]
Rela
tive h
eat
co
nte
nt
of
sto
re [
-]
P1 P2 P3 P4
phase 1: storage discharching
Phase 2: auxiliary heating
Phase 3: storage charching
Phase 4: excess of solar energy
Storage management
source: H. Drück, Stuttgart Univ., 2013
![Page 29: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• 8 flats, 100% solar
• 276 m² solar roof
• 210 m³ seasonal storage
29
Solar building 100 in CH
![Page 30: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• 8 Mietwohnungen, 100% Solar
• 276 m² Solardach
• 210 m³ saisonaler Speicher
30
Solar building 100 in CH
![Page 31: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
(Solar) heat for industrial processes
![Page 32: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Potential for solar process heat in Germany
Potential for solar process heat in Germany
≈ 16 TWh/a (3,4 %)
=> 25 GWth
Industry27%
Services, etc.16%
Households28%
Transport29%
<100 C21%
100..200 C8%
200..300 C2%
300..500 C4%
>500 C65%
Heat74%
Cooling1%
mech. Energy22%
IT1%
Lighting2%
32
![Page 33: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Principles of system integration
33
![Page 34: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Integration on supply level – hot water
• Feed-in solar energy in heating circuit
• High set temperature
• Simple system integration 34
![Page 35: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Integration on process level
• Solar energy is directly used for the process
• Different system layouts possible
• Often complex system integration 35
![Page 36: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Characteristics of suitable processes
for solar heating
• High and continuous heat demand
• Low temperature level (< 100 °C)
• Maximal demand during summer
• Water as medium for the process
• Storage internally available
nice to have
must
36
![Page 37: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Suitable processes
37
• Pre-heating of raw materials
• Cleaning and washing
• Pasteurization, sterilization
• Surface treatment
• Drying
• Boiler feed water
• Supply of hot water or steam
• ...
![Page 38: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Processes utilized as storages
Possibility to increase system performance and reduce system costs
• reduction of stagnation during off-times
• reduced volume of solar buffer tank
• …
Feasibility depends on
• maximum temperature
• sedimentation or cleaning periods
• …
38 [www.gz-online.de]
[KRONES]
Electro plating baths
Tunnel pasteurizer for beverages
![Page 39: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Tannery in Thailand
• Hot water for processes (30..80 °C)
• 1,3 MW evacuated tube collectors
• 35 m³ storage in containers
39 Source: Aschoff Solar
![Page 40: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Copper mine in Chile
• Codelco (CL)
• Copper refining, washing of copper cathods
• 28 MW flat plate collectors
• 4.300 m³ storage
• fsol ≈ 85 %
pictures: Sunmark
![Page 41: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41 (Source: Sunmark)
![Page 42: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Solar process heat worldwide
42 (Source: IEA SHC Task 49/IV http://shipsurvey.pse.de/)
none in UK yet …
![Page 43: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
New concept for district heating
![Page 44: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
Low temperature district heating: flow temperature ≈ 40°C,
in operation only during heating season
central heat
pump
ground regeneration
(swimming pool
absorbers)
borehole heat
exchanger
New concept for district heating
• heat supply without gas and oil
• efficient technology
(geothermal heat pump and solar heating system)
• negligible heat losses through distribution (≈ 2,5 %)
„cold“ district heating
(flow temp. ≈40°C)
decentral heating systems
(solar thermal and
electrical heating element )
![Page 45: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
• small heat stores is mature technology
• several large storages > 3 m³ recently developed
• seasonal storages usually expensive due to few storage cycles/a
• > 10 x cheaper to store heat instead of el. or chemical energy
• new options with large storages and district heating
• R&D
• decreased heat losses (vacuum insulation)
• new materials for container and storage
(increased energy density)
• further decrease costs!
Conclusions
contact: [email protected]
![Page 46: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
![Page 47: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Thank you
Prof. Dr. Klaus Vajen, Department of Solar and Systems Engineering
![Page 48: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Potential in European countries
48
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
4
8
12
16
Germany Italy Spain Austria Portugal Netherlands
SH
IP p
ote
nti
al
/in
du
str
ial
he
at
de
ma
nd
[%
]
Te
ch
nic
al
SH
IP p
ote
nti
al
[T
Wh
pe
r ye
ar]
SHIP Potential for EU 25 ≈ 70 TWh/a =>
approx. 110 GWth (Source: IEA SHC Task 33/IV)
![Page 49: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
Kombispeicher mit integriertem Brennwertkessel, externem TWW-Wärmeübertrager
und Schichtbeladeeinrichtung, Fa. Solvis
Kombispeicher mit integrierter
Rohrschlange zur TWW-Bereitung, Fa. Viessmann
Tank-in-Tank-
Speicher,
Fa. Wagner
Verschiedene Kombispeicher
Pufferpeicher
Bilder: Wagner & Co. Solartechnik
Hier noch Vor- und Nachteile, Marktanteile etc..
Haben wir hierzu noch Material?
![Page 50: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Innovative Weiterentwicklungen für Spezialmärkte
• Innovative Weiterentwicklungen für Spezialmärkte Firma Paradigma Consolar Wagner
Besonderheiten Direkteinbindung des
Kollektors
Behälter aus Polypropylen,
drucklos
Entleerung der Kollektoren
bei Pumpenstillstand
Spezialmarkt Nachrüstung bestehender
Heizungsanlagen
leicht einbringbar,
korrosionsfrei
südliche Länder mit
häufigen Stromausfällen
![Page 51: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Solarhaus 50+ : Altbausanierung
Quelle: Sonnenhausinstitut e.V.
• Zweifamilienhaus 273 m²
vorher 6.000 Liter Öl/a
• Sanierung
• Wärmedämmung
• Kollektor 42 m²
• Speicher 4,4 m³
• solarer Deckungsanteil ca. 55%
![Page 52: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Prozesswärmekollektoren
53 // Das Kollektorkapitel kommt von Elimar Frank //
![Page 53: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Flachkollektoren
54
www.schueco.com
www.solid.at
80-120 C
(Source: E. Frank, SPF HSR)
![Page 54: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Vakuumröhrenkollektoren
55
www.ritter-gruppe.com
www.kollektorfabrik.de
120-250 C 80-120 C
(Source: E. Frank, SPF HSR)
![Page 55: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Flachkollektoren mit Hochvakuum
56
www.srbenergy.com
www.tvpsolar.com
120-250 C 80-120 C
(Source: E. Frank, SPF HSR)
![Page 56: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Parabolrinnenkollektoren
57
www.smirro.de
120-250 C
www.nep-solar.com
(Source: E. Frank, SPF HSR)
![Page 57: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Parabolrinnenkollektoren
58
www.soltigua.com
120-250 C
www.solitem.com
(Source: E. Frank, SPF HSR)
![Page 58: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Fresnelkollektoren
59
www.chromasun.com
120-250 C
www.industrial-solar.de
(Source: E. Frank, SPF HSR)
![Page 59: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Konz. Kollektoren mit fixer Spiegelfläche
• Niedrige Windlast, geringes Gewicht, geringe Höhe (<1m)
• Ca. 40 m² pro Modul
60
www.tsc-concentra.com
(Source: E. Frank, SPF HSR)
120-250 C
![Page 60: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Kennlinien Medium-Temp. Kollektoren
61 (Source: E. Frank, SPF HSR)
![Page 61: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Kennlinien Medium-Temp. Kollektoren
62 (Source: E. Frank, SPF HSR)
![Page 62: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Kennlinien Medium-Temp. Kollektoren
63 (Source: E. Frank, SPF HSR)
![Page 63: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Fazit Kollektoren
• Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Kollektoren, grosser Bandbreite
von technischen Spezifikationen
• Viele bereits erfolgreich in Demoanlagen erprobt
• Aktuelle F&E Tätigkeiten im Bereich:
– Dauerbeständigkeit
– Kostenreduktion
– Höhere Leistungsfähigkeit
– Vielseitigkeit bzw. Installationsmöglichkeiten
(Source: E. Frank, SPF HSR)
![Page 64: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Hütt Brauerei Kassel
• Mittelständische Brauerei
• 5 GWh für ca. 60.000 hl
• Neues Kochverfahren
• Optimierung
Wärmerückgewinnung
• Integration thermische Solaranlage
• 155 m² FK (110 kW), 10 m³ Pufferspeicher
• 50 €/MWhsol
![Page 65: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Hofmühl Brauerei Eichstätt
• Kombination mehrere Verbraucher
– Flaschenreinigung (> 90 °C)
– Warmwasserbereitstellung (60..85 °C)
– Gebäudeheizung (50..60 °C)
• 735 m² CPC (515 kW), 110 m³ Speicher
TU Chemnitz
![Page 66: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Betriebserfahrungen:
• Spezifischer Systemertrag: 245 kWh/m²a
• Systemnutzungsgrad: 22 %
• Aktiver Forstschutz:
– Dez 09 – Feb 10: 13.000 kWhth (≈7% des Ertrags) + 1.500 kWhel
– Dez 10 – Feb 11: 6.000 kWhth (≈3% des Ertrags) + 1.800 kWhel
• Ungleichmäßige Durchströmung der Kollektoren
– Dampfbildung
– Frostschutz
Hofmühl Brauerei
67
![Page 67: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Solar Dampferzeugung ALANOD GmbH
• Alanod GmbH, Ennepetal
• Direkte Dampferzeugung mit Parabolrinnenkollektoren
• 108 m² Kollektorfläche
• 4 bar, 143 °C
![Page 68: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Solare Dampferzeugung ALANOD GmbH
steam drum
recirculation pump
process 1 process 2
feedwater pump
pressure control valve
sola
r fie
ld
conventionalsteam system
condensate return
feedwater
69
![Page 69: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Solare Dampferzeugung ALANOD GmbH
Betriebserfahrungen :
• Fehlerfreie und verlässliche Dampfproduktion und
Einspeisung
• Geringer Dampfmassenstrom (niedriger
Systemnutzungsgrad)
• Lange Anfahrzeit (Ausrichtung und Fokussierung)
• Technisch machbar, allerdings hohe Kosten
Verbesserungsmaßnahmen:
• Regelstrategien
• Optimierung von Kollektoren und Peripherie
• Einsatzort südlich der Alpen …
70
![Page 70: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Feinkost Merl
• Hot water demand for food production ≈ 30 m³/d, 60°C
• 568 m² flat plate collectors
• 10 x 3 m³ buffer stores
• 280 MWh/a, solar fraction 40 %
• 300 €/m² system costs
• 570 m² Flachkollektoren zu WW-Bereitstellung
• Ein Jahr für die Analyse des Wärmeverbrauchs
• Vier Wochen Installation
• In Betrieb seit April 2010
71
![Page 71: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Feinkost Merl
72
![Page 72: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Gasdruckregelanlage • Gasentspannung vor lokalem Gasnetz (90..16 bar)
=> Gaserwärmung um ca. 25 K („Gefrierschutz“)
• Niedriges Temperaturniveau (≈ 20..40 °C)
• Nahezu konstanter Bedarf
• 0,2 % des Energieinhalts wird benötigt
• 0,5 bis 4 GWh/a für eine Station
• Solaranlage mit 355 m² FK und 25 m³ Speicher
73
![Page 73: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Gasdruckregelanlage
(Source: FSAVE Solartechnik)
![Page 74: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Hustert Galvanik (Westfalen)
• Beheizung Vorreinigungsbecken (90 °C)
• Parallele Einbindung zum Kessel
• 220 m² CPC (150 kW) , kein Speicher
• 40 % Deckung
• 450 kWh/m²
(Source: Ritter XL)
![Page 75: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
70 kWth in Bever (CH), Tout = 190 °C
• 115 m² zur Dampfbereitstellung
76 (Source: E. Frank, SPF HSR)
![Page 76: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
360 kWth in Saignelegier (CH), Tout = 125 °C
• 630 m² zur Bereitstellung von Heißwasser
77 (Source: E. Frank, SPF HSR)
![Page 77: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Berger Fleischwaren
• Sieghartskirchen, Österreich
• WW für Reinigungsprozesse (40..70 °C)
• Vorwärmung Kesselspeisewasser (28..93 °C)
• 1.100 m² FK (770 kW)
• 60 m³ Speicher
• 470 kWh/m²
• 45 €/MWhsol
(Source: S.O.L.I.D.)
![Page 78: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Heineken I
• Brauerei Göss, Österreich
• Solarunterstützes Maischen
(80..90 °C)
Speisewasseraufheizung
(15..85 °C)
• 1.500 m² FK (1 MW)
• 200 m³ Pufferspeicher
• Inbetriebnahme
6/2013
(Source: C. Brunner, AEE INTEC)
![Page 79: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Heineken II & III
• Brauerei Valencia, Spanien
• Solarunterstütze Tunnelpasteurisation (65..85 °C)
• 1.600 m² FK (1,1 MW), 350 m³ Pufferspeicher
• Mälzerei Vialonga, Portugal
• Trocknung von Grünmalz
• 4.700 m² FK (3,3 MW), 400 m³ Pufferspeicher
• Inbetriebnahme Frühling 2014
• Erwarteter Wärmepreis: ca. 30..40 €/MWhsol
![Page 80: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Nestle Waters
• Riad, Saudi Arabien
• Warmwassererzeugung für Flaschenwaschmaschine (70 °C)
• 515 m² FK (360 kW), 15 m³ Speicher
• In Betrieb seit 01/2012
(Source: Millennium Energy Industries)
![Page 81: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Prestage Food
• North Carolina, USA
• Warmwassererzeugung (>60 °C) für Reinigung
• Bedarf 570 m³/d
• 7.800 m² FK (5,5 MW), 850 m³ Speicher
• 50 % Deckung
• In Betrieb seit 2012
• Contracting
(Source: FLS Energy)
![Page 82: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Gatorade Pepsico
• Phoenix, AZ, USA
• Warmwasser für UO (30..50 °C)
• 3.800 m² FK (2,7 MW) , 115 m³ Speicher
• 1090 kWh/m²
(Source: S.O.L.I.D.)
![Page 83: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Gerberei Thailand
• Heißwasserbereitstellung (30..80 °C)
• 1.890 m² China-Röhren
• 35 m³ Speicher
84 (Source: Aschoff Solar)
![Page 84: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Kupfermine Chile
• Codelco, Chile
• Elektrolytbeheizung Kupferraffination,
Waschen Kupferkathoden
• 40.000 m² FK (28 MW)
• 4.300 m³ Speicher
• ca. 85 % Deckungsrate
(Source: Sunmark)
![Page 85: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
86 (Source: Sunmark)
![Page 86: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Potential of industrial sectors in Germany
87
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
Te
ch
nic
al S
HIP
Po
ten
tia
l (T
Wh
pe
r y
ea
r)
200..300°C
100..200°C
<100°C incl. HW and SH
(Source: Lauterbach et al., The potential of solar heat for industrial processes in Germany,
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, in print)
Technic
al S
HIP
Pote
ntial (T
Wh
/a)
<100°C
100..200°C
200..300°C
![Page 87: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
88
Feldlager
![Page 88: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
T in
°C
Heizung alt
Nahwärme
Solar, el.
Heizung neu
und TWW
Heizung alt und
TWW
TWW
Heizung neu
TWW
89
Temperaturniveaus Vorlauf / Rücklauf
![Page 89: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Zentrale
Wärmepumpe
Drei
Versorgungsstränge
90
Erdwärmesondenfeld
Grundfläche: rd. 30 m 185 m
Neubausiedlung Feldlager
127 Gebäude,
haupts. EFH
![Page 90: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Innovatives Wärmeversorgungskonzept
für die zeitgemäße Siedlung „Zum Feldlager“
Wärmebedarf aus dem Erdwärmesondenfeld inkl. zentrale Wärmepumpe:
Heizung: 1.199,4 MWh/a
Warmwasser: -
Kältebedarf aus dem Erdwärmesondenfeld:
Freie Kühlung: 318,6 MWh/a
Solarthermische Wärmeeinspeisung in das Erdwärmesondenfeld; Umfang
nach Bedarf.
Geplante Systemkonfiguration des EWS-Feldes
nEWS = 92
LEWS = 120 m
nEWS LEWS = 11.040 m
Qsolar = 700 MWh/a
![Page 91: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Innovatives Wärmeversorgungskonzept
für die zeitgemäße Siedlung „Zum Feldlager“
Regeneration des Erdreichs mit Solarthermie
Unabgedeckten Kollektoren
(„Schwimmbadabsorber“)
• Sehr günstig und effektiv, ca. 1 ct/kWh Wärme
• Ca. 1.500 m² Fläche, ca. 1 GWh Einspeisung
Dachflächen
• Dächer der MFH: ca. 565 m² (Roter Rahmen)
• Carports Reihenhäuser: ca. 480 m²
(Schwarzer Rahmen)
• Carports MFH: ca. 570 m² (Blauer Rahmen)
• Gesamt verfügbare Fläche: ca. 1615 m²
![Page 92: Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial scales | Klaus Vajen](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051414/55a871a61a28abb4778b4808/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Preliminary
• heat for space heating
from district heating
transfer station
• domestic hot water from
solar thermal energy and
electrical heating element
New concepts for district heating
Heat supply in the houses
‘cold’ district heating (40°C)
2
1
3
4
5 1 fresh water station
2 solar collector
3 storage with heating element
4 space heating
5 district heating transfer station