STEM AND THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS FOR LEADERSHIP.
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Transcript of STEM AND THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS FOR LEADERSHIP.
STEM AND THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS FOR LEADERSHIP
Outcomes
Learn to develop a shared understanding of STEM education
Develop a working knowledge of research-based effective learning experiences in science inquiry, mathematics problem-solving and engineering
Immerse themselves in the processes of science through
an engaging scenario modeling instructional practices to deepen their understanding of teaching and learning in the STEM fields
Focus on how an instructional leader can best support his or her teachers of science, technology and mathematics through a study of best practices emerging in the research.
Ice Breaker
21st Century Teaching and Learning
Why, What, and How?
STEM
Science Technology Engineering Math
MathScience
Technology
Engineering
STEM education is the intentional interdisciplinary approach to learning where the core curriculum is coupled
with real-world project-based learning
using the Engineering Design Process to develop
STEM Literacy.
STEM Literacy
STEM literacy is the ability to identify, apply, and integrate concepts from science, technology, engineering and mathematics to understand complex problems and to innovate to solve them.
Adapted from Building a Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Agenda, National Governor’s Association, 2009.
10
“…a design- or project-based learning approach that intentionally integrates content and process of science and/or mathematics education with content and process of technology and engineering education….…STEM education may be enhanced through further integration of all subjects, such as language arts, social studies, art, etc."
(Sanders & Wells, 2010)
STEAM
STEM Classrooms
A STEM classrooms shifts learners away from memorizing rote procedures and discrete pieces of phenomena and toward investigating and questioning the interrelated facets of the world.
12critically, analytically and
systematically
STEM is a way of thinking….
Engineering Design Process
Engineering is Key
What engineers do?14
What is the key process(es) that mathematicians engage in?
What is the key process(es) that scientists engage in?
What is the key process(es) that engineers engage in?
Technology Literacy
is the ability to use new technologies, understand
how new technologies are developed, and have skills
to analyze how new technologies affect us, our
nation, and the world.
Engineering Literacy
is the ability to use the systematic and creative application of scientific and mathematic principles to practical ends, such as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and economical structures, machines, processes, and systems.
Mathematical Literacy
is the ability to analyze, reason, and communicate ideas effectively through posing, formulating, solving, and interpreting solutions to mathematical problems in a variety of situations.
Adapted from Building a Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Agenda, National Governor’s Association, 2009.
Science Literacy
is the ability to use knowledge in physics, chemistry, biology,
and earth/space science to understand the natural world
and to participate in decisions that affect it.
Scientists and Engineers16
Scientists seek technical answers to understand / describe / predict natural phenomenon
Engineers study technical problems with a practical application always in mind
For example: Scientists might study atomic structure to
understand the nature of matter; engineers might study atomic structure to make smaller and faster microchips
Engineering is Everywhere
What is Technology?
Man-Made Nature
Team Roles & Tasks
Recorder – Use sticky notes to record actions/verbs, questions, and other
Gate Keeper – keeps team members focused on the task
Time Keeper – communicates the time available to complete the task
Materials:
15 sheets of copy paper
Challenge: Build a Paper Tower
Be as tall as possible Free standing
Diagram the Engineering Design Process Build a diagram of the process used to
complete the challenge Use sticky notes to record actions/verbs,
questions, and other Sort these into similar groups (what are
characteristics of the group?) Place the groups on chart paper, use lines
show the process used in the challenge Explain the process (“think aloud”) Write a definition of the engineering
design process
Video
Benefits of Engineering in the Classroom
• Encourages students to utilize higher order thinking skills
• Allows students to apply what they have learned in other subject areas
• Encourages creativity and innovation • Is interdisciplinary• Facilitates cooperative learning and
teamwork • Is intrinsically motivating and engaging!
Encourages Higher Order Thinking Skills
Analyzing identifying design problems,
organizing ideas, developing data representations
Evaluating choosing materials, debating with teammates,
deciding on a course of action, testing designs, assessing failures
Creating generating new ideas, designing solutions,
hypothesizing what will happen, constructing models, redesigning models
Engineering is about Application
Engineering helps students answer the age old question “When will I ever use that?”
Engineering lets students experience hands-on application of concepts learned in other subjects which may enhance understanding1
Engineering allow teachers to become facilitators of knowledge in the learning process by allowing their students to work collaboratively on student driven, inquiry based problems
[1] Schaefer, Malinda R., Sullivan, Jacquelyn F. and Yowell, Janet L. (2003) "Standards-Based Engineering Curricula as a Vehicle for K-12 Science and Math Integration,“ Proceedings, Frontiers in Education Annual Conference, Boulder, CO, pp. F3A-1-F3A-5
Fosters Creativity and Innovation
brainstorm ideas develop novel solutions to open-ended
problems examine a problem from numerous angles work collaboratively predict what will happen test and experiment troubleshoot reflect on successes and failures communicate results
Making The Strange Familiar: Creativity and the Future of Engineering Education. Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition
Engineering is Interdisciplinary!Engineering is a great way to reinforce content taught in subject areas including:
ScienceMathTechnologyLanguage ArtsSocial Studies/History
STEAM includes fine arts, music, art, etc.
Engineering Fosters Teamwork
Students can work in small groups
Students can be assigned different roles
Students learn listening skills
Compromise
Engineering is Intrinsically Motivating and Engaging!
Engineering positively impacts our world which is appealing to students, especially girls1
Engineering can be a great hook for reinforcing concepts in other disciplines
Engineering activities take a hands-on approach that can be very motivating and rewarding for students
Engineering excites students because it deals with the products and technologies they use in their everyday lives[1] Source: Extraordinary Women Engineers Project
Engineering is fun!
Scientific Inquiry Process (SIP)
or
Engineering Design Process (EDP)
Scientific Inquiry Process (SIP)
Engineering Design Process (EDP)
Exploration/Observation Exploration/ObservationIdentify Research Question
Identify problem (with constraints)
Gather Information Gather Information
Brainstorm possible solutions
Construct a hypothesis Design the prototype
Designing the study (method)
Build the prototype
Do the experiment Test the prototype
Analyze results Evaluate results
Revise hypothesis Optimization of product
Communicate results Communicate Results
End Result: End Result:
Identify the part of the EDP process
Engineering Design Process (EDP)Exploration/ObservationIdentify problem (with constraints)
Gather Information
Brainstorm possible solutions
Design the prototype
Build the prototype
Test the prototype
Evaluate results
Optimization of product
Communicate Results
Identify the part of the EDP process
Engineering Design Process (EDP)
Ask Exploration/Observation
Ask Identify problem (with constraints)
Ask Gather Information
Imagine Brainstorm possible solutions
Plan Design the prototype
Create Build the prototype
Create Test the prototype
Create/Improve
Evaluate results
Improve Optimization of product
All Communicate Results
A pithy quote by a famous engineer
37
“The scientist describes what is: the engineer creates what never was.”
Theodor von KármánBiogr. Mem. FRS 26 (1980) 110
HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT EDP?
http://prezi.com/jc95rx45oomf/edp-prezi-game/
3-2-1 Summary of EDP
3 New understandings I have about EDP
2 Essential elements of the engineering design process
1 Thing I can take back to my school
INTEGRATING THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS
DAY 2
Outcomes
Learn to develop a shared understanding of STEM education
Develop a working knowledge of research-based effective learning experiences in science inquiry, mathematics problem-solving and engineering
Immerse themselves in the processes of science through
an engaging scenario modeling instructional practices to deepen their understanding of teaching and learning in the STEM fields
Focus on how an instructional leader can best support his or her teachers of science, technology and mathematics through a study of best practices emerging in the research.
ASK
Understand the need: What is the problem? What do we want to accomplish? What are the project requirements? What are the limitations? Who is the customer? What is our goal? Gather information and conduct research - talking to people from many different backgrounds.
Imagine
Brainstorm different designs: Imagine and brainstorm ideas. Be creative; build upon the wild and crazy ideas of others. Investigate existing technologies and methods to use. Explore, compare and analyze many possible solutions.
Plan
Draw a diagram of your idea. How will it work? What environmental and cultural considerations will you evaluate? What materials and tools are needed? What analyses must you do? How will you test it to make sure it works?
Create
Assign team tasks. Build a prototype and test it against your design objectives. Push yourself for creativity, imagination and excellence in design. Does it work? Analyze and talk about what works, what doesn't and what could be improved.
Improve
Discuss how you could improve your product. Make revisions. Draw new designs. Iterate your design to make your product the best it can be.
What do Students need to Know, be able to Do
and Understand to apply the EDP?
The Path to Higher-Level Thinking Through Questioning
Mastery
Skinny Questions High Consensus Review Questions
Critical Thinking Skills
Fat Questions Low Consensus True
What is the…Problem?
Challenge?Need?
What if…?
How do we…?
Can we try…?What if…?
Brainstorming Strategies
http://olc.spsd.sk.ca/DE/PD/instr/strats/brainstorming/index.htmlWhat not to do: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttWhK-NO4g8How to Brainstorm effectively http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1h5L_0rFz8
COLLABORATION/TEAMING
Why is this important to EDP?
Cup Stacking Team-Building Activity
Materials: 15 foam or plastic cups A rubber band with strings attached
Cup Stacking Team-Building Activity
Goal: Build a pyramid using the cups within a 10-minute time limit.
The pyramid will begin with 4 cups in a row at the base, 3 cups on the next row, then 2 and finally 1 cup at the top.
Cup Stacking Team-Building Activity
Rules:Group members may not touch the cups with their hands or any part of their body, even if the cups fall.
Each person may only hold the end of 1 string attached to the rubber band.
Group members must work together to stretch and relax the rubber band to grab each cup and place the cup in the right place.
Cup Stacking Team-Building Activity
Strategize with your team before starting the activity again.
Did your teamwork improve this time? How and why did it improve?
Why is good communication important to accomplishing this task?
What made your team effective?Brainstorm a listChoose the most effective
characteristicShare with the group
As you watch this clip about a similar task, look for what characteristics were exhibited by the most successful teams…
Video: http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/tom_wujec_build_a_tower.html
What characteristics were exhibited by the most successful teams?
Other a-ha moments?
Metaphors and Analogies
Activities are…
Using the Engineering Design Process in an challenge is….
ONLINE Resources
Click icon to add picture
Reflections
UNWRAPPING ENGINEERING IS ELEMENTARY ENGINEERING DESIGN CHALLENGES
Day 3
Engineering is Elementary
Learning Behaviors in STEM
Increased interest in science and technology Improved teamwork skills Shared responsibility Appreciating the role of science in the real world Knowing how things work in the man-made
world Knowing how things work in the natural Overcoming a fear of failure Understanding Concepts as opposed to
memorizing them
Learning Behaviors in STEM
Applying learned content knowledge in a new context
Willing to take risks in order to advance an idea
Being willing to pursue a new direction Discovering and Improving one’s new talents
and skills Making decisions based on criteria and data Understanding the importance of controlled
and varied parameters
Learning Behaviors in STEM
Experiencing the reality of no “right answer”; look for a “best answer”
Developing skills of innovation Thinking in unconstrained ways or
“outside the box” Appreciating critical feedback
Classroom Management For Successful EDP Lessons
Assure essential and successful content/background knowledge
Students have clear understanding of the goal or problem
Decide how students are grouped
Create guidelines for “professional courtesy” for positive and negative feedback among peers
Create classroom norms and review before each session
Test design challenges to ensure success
Help students deal with failure by assuring them they cannot fail or be wrong as long as they try their best and document their efforts
Manage the class by circulating from group to group, asking students non-threatening questions about what they are attempting to do
Use a conversational, non-adversarial tone when discussing with teams.
Classroom Management For Successful EDP Lessons
Classroom Management For Successful EDP Lessons
Emphasis that competition is not the primary objective; rather a good design is the targeted goal
Encourage the completion of a least two design iterations
Draw out what students are thinking using leading questions.. “Have you thought about….? What if you tried?”
Classroom Management For Successful EDP Lessons
Achieve a classroom working hum Make sure that all students/teams receive
feed back on their designs and presentations Coach students on effective presentation
skills Coach students in how to present an
effective oral or written report of their work Encourage students, when needed, to seek
outside expertise and advice from external resources and partners.
Assessment Rubrics
Guide to Creating an Assessment Rubric
Sample Rubric
Planning Next Steps
