Status Report on Survey of Alternative Heat Pumping Technologies

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Purdue University

Purdue e-Pubs

International Refrigeration and Air ConditioningConference

School of Mechanical Engineering

1998

Status Report on Survey of Alternative HeatPumping TechnologiesS. FischerOak Ridge National Laboratory

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Fischer, S., "Status Report on Survey of Alternative Heat Pumping Technologies" (1998).International Reigeration and Aird f
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M in ner, B .,etal., 1997. TheoreticalEvaluationo heOptimalPerformanceo aThermoacousticRefrigerator,A SH R A E Tran sactions,Vol.103,Pt. 1.

M iy ai ri, T ., 1989, In troductiontoSmallGas DrivenHeatPumps nJapan andMarketi ng,ASHRAETransa cti ons Vol. 95,Pt. 1 pp.975-9 81.M onahan, R.,K ountz , K. andClin ch,J. 198 7. TheDev elopmentoaKinemati cStir lin g-E ngin eDrivenHeatPump, ASHRAETra nsact io ns,Vol. 93, Pt. 2, pp. 1021-1 033.

MTI 198 6, Fre e-P is tonSti rli ng EngineDiaphragm -Coupled H eat-A cuate d HeatPump Techno logyP rogra m :V olum e I P haseIIA and liBF ina l Report :Technica l D iscu ssion , O R N L /S ub /86 -47985 /2& V l.

N ow akow ski, G., et al., 199 5. FieldPerform anceoa3-TonNatu ra lGasEngin e-DrivenHeati ngandCoolingSyste m , ASHRAETransacti ons, V ol. 10 1, P t. 2, pp.1382-1 388.Swift , G., 19 93 , MaloneRefrig eratio n, Procee din gsof the19 93 Non-Fluorocarb onRef ri gerati onandAirCondit io nin g Technolo gyW orkshop , B reckem idge ,C olo ra doJune23-2 5.

V olv o, 19 98 . The VolvoGroup,htt p :/ /w w w .v olvo.s e/e nvir onm ent/ re port. 95/m oto r. h tm l

Zir nm , C ., e tal. 199 7. DescriptionandPerformanceoa Near-RoomTemperatu reMagneticRefrig erator,Cryogenic Engineering Confere nce,Ju ly .


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Table1 Theoretic alCycle System andSeasonalE ffi cie ncie sa ndM easuredEfficiencie s forElectr ic -Driv enH eatPumps.Th eoretical: Cycl e Onl y The ore tica l: Sy st em' ' Measured: Pro tot ype or Com mer ci al Unit

47 "F 17 "F 95 "F 82 "F 47 "F 17"F 95 F 82" F HSP F SEER 47" F 17" F 95 F 82"F H SPF SEERTe chn olo gy s.J c -8 .3'C 35" C 28 "C 8. 3"C -8.3"C 35"C 28" C Btu/W h Btu Wh 8.3 "C 8. 3C 35 c 28" C Btu Wh Bt u/W hRan kin eC ycleHP' 5.09 4.74 3.98 5.30 3.90 3.69 3. 20 4.02 9.0 12.2 3.84 2. 60 2. 66 8.3Ran kin eC ycl eHydroca rbo nH Ptt 4.4 6 4.18 3.28 4.29 3.19 3.04 2. 54 3.10 8.2 9.2The rmoac ousticHP 0.97 0.95 0.4 0 0.41 0.88 0.95 0. 40 0. 39 3.4 1.2Pu lse Tu be HP 0.97 0.95 0.40 0.41 0.88 0.95 0. 40 0.39 3.4 1.2The rm ae 1ctricHP 2.41 1.53 1.99 3.53 2.0 9 1.39 1.7 6 2.8 8 4. 6 8.8Bra yton Cyc le 1.9 9 1.85 1.05 1.0 9 1.74 1.63 0.9 6 1.01 5.0 3.0Tr an scriticalC O,Ran ki neCycl eH P 4.48 2.65 1.91 2.77 3.48 2.26 1.70 2.35 7.8 6.9St irling Cyc leHP'' ' 2.08 1.90 1.13 1.20 1.81 1.68 1.04 l ll 5.1 3.3V or tex Tub e 0.08 0.08M alone Cyc le H PM agne tic HP 6.53 4.65 3.70 5.00 3.70 3. 0 ' 2.5 8 3.14 8.8 10 .6Co m pre ssorDri ven MetalH yd rid e 3.0_ _ - - - - -" auxiliaryp ower requi rem ents b ased on indoor blo wer pow er of0 . 40kW /to n (40 W lk W ) an do utd oor fan pow er of0. 07 kW/ton(20 WlkW ) sc al ed bythe relative hea tr eject ionre qui rem ent (baseline cycleCOP 4.45 ), seco nda ry fluid pu m p pow er ofO.IOOkW /to n (28 W lk W ), HSP Fand SEER estimated using sp read she et basedo na lgorithm s inDom an is kicom put er c ode s

12

0.3

.. . CO Ps f orSt irling cy cle b ased on 90% c ompressor, 85% r egen erator, and85% tran smis sion, and 98% m oto ref ficiencies and 9'F hx I.Ts; SEER computed usin gDom an sk i algor ithm s.t 47"F (8 .3 "C ) IOO"F(3 8 'C) condensin g, 29" Fevap orating( -1. 7"C ), 17 "F (-8.3" C), 85F(2 8" C)c ond ensi ng ,IO'F(- 2"C )ev apo rating, 95 F , (35 'C)12 0F (49 "C) co nde nsing, 4 9"F (9 "C)evapo rating, 82 "F(28 q 105 p (40'C) con den sin g,4 9"F (9 'C ) eva por ating; 70 % co m pr ess or e fficienc y; sup erheat 18.4 p (1 qhea ting,16 'F (9 'C) coo lin g; su bc ool ingIIp(6 "C ) heating, O"F('C) co ol ing" 47"F (8.3"C ) 05"F(4 0"C) condensing, 24p(-4 qeva por ating, 17"F (-8.3" C), gop(3 2" C) con den sing,5"F(- 15 "C) eva por ating, 95" F(35"C ), 25"F (5 2 C) con den sin g,44"F(6. 7 "C ) eva por atin g, 82p (28"C) ,11O"F(43"C ) cond ens ing, 44p (6.7 q ev apo rati ng; 70% c om pr es sor e fficiency; sup erh eat 18.4 p (1O"C) he ating, 16 "F( 9"C )c ooli ng;subc oo ing II "F(6 "C ) heating, O"F(O"C)co oling


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Table 2 Theoretical CycleandSyst em andObservedEff ic ienciesfor GasFiredHeat P um ps.Theo re tic al: C ycl e O nly The oret ical: Sys te m

El ec tr ica lMea su re d: Pro to ty pe or C omm erc ia l Unit

47 "F 17 "F 95'F 82'F Hea ting Coo li ng Tech no lo gy l n l ' ~ ~ o T I 8.3'C -8.3 'C 35'C 28'C Btu Wh Bt u W hGas Fur na ce Elect ric A /C 0.8 0 1.1 8" 1. 57 " 0.80 1.36 IC Eng in e Rank in e Cyc le H P 0.30 1.4 4 1.36 0.97 1 27 1.26 1.19Sti rl ing EngineRan ki ne Cy cle HP 0.281 1.25 1.1 9 0.7 7 1 01 1.12 0.95 Bra yto nEng ine Rank in eCyc le H P 0.27 1.35 1.28 0.88 1.1 4 1.19 1.07Vui l eu m ie rHea t Pu mp 0.80 1.13 1.12 0.19 0.23 1.0 0.2Absor ption : Si ng le Eff ect 0.8 0 0.6 2 0.6 2Ads or pt io n: Wate r Zeo li te 1.8 12Die sel Eng ine Ranki neCyc le HP 0.35 1.60 1.51 1.14 1.48 1.37 1.3 9Ran ki ne Eng ine Rankine Cyc le HP 0. 24 1.25 1.19 0.78 1 01 l.l 3 0.95

Fuel C ell Rank ine Cyc le HP 0.40 1.75 1.65 1.30 1.69 1.47 1.59Adso rp tion: A mm oni ate dCar bo n 1.9 15 1 0 1 3 1.30 1.00Abso rption: GA X 0.8 0 1 2 0.8 0 1 2 0.8 0Adso fll tion: C om pl ex Com po un ds 10 17 1 0Abso rp tion: Open Cyc le 1.0 1.4 0.5 0 14 0.5A dso rp ti on : Op enCycl eD upl ex Sti rli ngHPEje cto r 1.3 0.3Absor ption : Doubl e Eff ect 0.80 0.9 6 1.07A bso rp tion: Tripl e Ef fect 0.80 1.20 1.20

mea su re d el ect ri cal aux ili ar y po wer for en gi ne -d riven heat pu mp (source: Now ak owski 1995,p.l 385)." Sti rlingengin edrive n un ita ry hea t p umps(Sour ce: Bro dri ck 1987).

exc lu de s as su med 85% tra nsmiss ion ef fi cie nc y

Auxi lia ries(W /t on)

100 -1 33 '

J2

185

25-35 JOOII

1' cyc le COPs con ver ted to gCOPs bas ed on 11 ,500Btu fh (3.37 kW )pow er p la nt inpu t to generate IkWelec tr ic it ydel ive red

47"F l? F 95' F 82'F8. 3'C -8 .3 'C 35 'C 28 'C

0.7 911. 44 0 .9 0

1.0 9" 1 .08 '' 0.42 1 .0"

1.30 1.001.3 4 0.63

0.6 01.2

1.0

re su lt sfor elec tr ic ale c on ver te dto gCOPsusing \1 ,5 00Bt ufh (3.37 kW ) p ow er pl an t inp ut togen erate I kWele ct ri cit y de li ver ed and SE ER conv er te d to SC OP11 so lu ti on pu m pi ng pow er only, doe s not inc lu de air ha nd ling requi rem ents ;s ing le -e ff ect per DeV aul t, doub le -e ff ect per man uf ac tu re r li ter atu re

HSPFBtu /W h

80% 1.27

13

SE E R Btu /W h

1.0411.05

0.9

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Status Report on Survey of Alternative Heat Pumping Technologies

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