Status & plans of the SPL* study

1PS Seminar – 27/06/2002 SPL status & plans

Status & plans of the Status & plans of the SPL* studySPL* study

Why upgrade the proton beams at CERN ? Why upgrade the proton beams at CERN ? Approved physics programme Potential extensions of the physics programme

Why a high energy linac ?Why a high energy linac ? Linac versus RCS World-wide context

How ?How ? SPL design R. & D. topics and collaborations Staging

Roadmap and resourcesRoadmap and resources

* SPL = Superconducting Proton LinacA concept for improving the performance of the proton beams at CERN, A concept for improving the performance of the proton beams at CERN, ultimately based on a high-energy Superconducting Linear Acceleratorultimately based on a high-energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator


The SPL Working GroupThe SPL Working Group

- Conceptual Design of the SPL, a High Power Superconducting Proton Linac at CERN Ed. M. Vretenar, CERN 2000-012

- SPL web site: http://cern.web.cern.ch/CERN/Divisions/PS/SPL_SG/

REFERENCES


PART 1:PART 1:

WHY ?WHY ?


Why upgrade the proton beams Why upgrade the proton beams at CERN ? (1)at CERN ? (1)

Long-termScientific Programme

at CERN(from CERN/SPC/811)

Period of interest…

LHC

SPSFixedtarget

PSB&

PS

14 CERN/SPC/811CERN/FC/4567

= Approved = UnderConsideration

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

LHCATLAS

CMS

ALICE

LHCb

Other LHC experiments

(e.g. TOTEM)

SPSHeavy ions

COMPASS

NA48

Test Beams

North Areas

West Areas

Neutrino / CNGS

Other FacilitiesTOF Neutron

AD

ISOLDE

CAST

DIRAC

HARP

Test beams

East Hall

R&D(Detector & Accelerator)


Because users will miss protons…Because users will miss protons…


PS supercyclefor LHC

PS supercyclefor CNGS Remaining PSB & PS

pulses to be shared between nTOF, AD, ISOLDE, East Hall,Machine studies…



Because higher beam performance (brightness*) will be first, Because higher beam performance (brightness*) will be first, welcome, and later, necessary to:welcome, and later, necessary to:

Reliably deliver the ultimate beam actually foreseen for LHC, Reduce the LHC filling time, Increase the proton flux onto the CNGS target, Prepare for further upgrades of the LHC performance beyond the present

ultimate.

* For protons, brightness can only degrade along a cascade of accelerators Any improvement has to begin at the low energy (linac) end



To address new physics programmes:To address new physics programmes: “Neutrino Super-Beam” (= conventional but very intense neutrino beam)

Accelerator, target and decay channel at CERN Detector in the Frejus tunnel (400 ktons…)



To address new physics programmes:To address new physics programmes: EURISOL (Next generation of ISOLDE-like source of radio-active isotopes)

_

European Isotope Separation On-Line

Radioactive Nuclear Beam Facility

The EURISOL project is one of the 5 Research and Technical Development (RTD) projects in Nuclear Physics selected for support by the EU. The project is aimed at completing a

preliminary design study of the next-generation European ISOL radioactive nuclear beam (RNB) facility.

The resulting facility is intended to extend and amplify, beyond 2010, the exciting work presently being carried out using the first-generation RNB facilities in various scientific disciplines

including nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics and fundamental interactions. Careful design and developments will be needed to increase the variety and the number of exotic ions

available per second to be provided for research, beyond the limits of presently available facilities.



To address new physics programmes:To address new physics programmes: beams to Frejus



To address new physics programmes:To address new physics programmes: Neutrino Factory

Parameter Value Unit Beam enery 50 GeV Muon fluence 1014

s-1

Distances to far experiments ~1000 & 3000

km

Vertical slopes -78.6 & -238

mrad

Normalised beam divergence (physical rms divergence)

0.1

Circumference 2007.9 m % of useful muon decays percirculating muon per detector

28.7 %

RF frequency 352 MHz Peak RF voltage 120 MV

1021 y-1

~ 31020 /year toeach experiment

1/ dominates


Approved physics experimentsApproved physics experiments CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS): increased flux (~ 2) Anti-proton Decelerator: increased flux Neutrons Time Of Flight (TOF) experiments: increased flux ISOLDE: increased flux, higher duty factor, multiple energies LHC: faster filling time, increased operational margin

Future potential usersFuture potential users LHC performance upgrade beyond ultimate “Conventional” neutrino beam from the SPL “super-beam” Second generation ISOLDE facility (“EURISOL” -like) Neutrino source from “beta beams” Neutrino Factory

Why upgrade the proton beams ?Why upgrade the proton beams ?Summary of reasonsSummary of reasons


~ 4 MW of beam power at 2-3 GeV are needed~ 4 MW of beam power at 2-3 GeV are needed

The energy of the linac injecting into the first synchrotron has The energy of the linac injecting into the first synchrotron has to be increased (50 MeV today)to be increased (50 MeV today)

Comparing a Linac + fixed energy rings set-up with a 2-3 GeV Comparing a Linac + fixed energy rings set-up with a 2-3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) :Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) : The linac set-up can accommodate more users since its beam power can be

increased, Some users prefer the long beam pulse delivered by a linac, The RCS construction cost could be smaller, but this is moderated by the

availability of the LEP RF equipment which a linac will re-use Linac maintenance is likely to require less manpower

Why a high energy linac ? (1)Why a high energy linac ? (1)


A large inventory of LEP RF equipment is available (SC cavities, cryostats, klystrons, waveguides, circulators, etc.)which can drastically reduce the cost of construction

The LEP klystron

Storage of the LEP cavities in the ISR tunnel

Why a high energy linac ? (2)Why a high energy linac ? (2)LEP RF equipmentLEP RF equipment


Why a high energy linac ? (3)Why a high energy linac ? (3)World-wide contextWorld-wide context

High Power Linacs Survey (HHigh Power Linacs Survey (H++,H,H--,D,D++) *) *

* Updated during the 20th ICFA Beam Dynamics workshop (FNAL, 8-12 April 2002)

NameName IonIon Pulse Pulse length length (ms)(ms)

FFRepRep (Hz)(Hz)

Duty Duty factor factor (%)(%)

IIBunch Bunch

(mA)(mA)IIAverageAverage (mA)(mA)

Energy Energy (GeV)(GeV)

PPAverageAverage (MW)(MW)

Start Start date date ……

LANSCELANSCE HH++/H/H-- 0.6250.625 100/20100/20 6.2/1.26.2/1.2 16/9.116/9.1 1.0/0.11.0/0.1 0.80.8 0.8/0.080.8/0.08 OnOn

SNSSNS HH-- 1.01.0 6060 6.06.0 3838 1.41.4 1.01.0 1.41.4 20062006

CERN SPL CERN SPL HH-- 2.82.8 5050 1414 2222 1.81.8 2.22.2 4.04.0

ESS Short PulseESS Short Pulse

ESS Long PulseESS Long Pulse

HH--

HH- - or Hor H++

1.21.2

2/2.52/2.5

5050

16.6716.67

6.06.0

4.24.2

114114

114/90114/90 3.753.75 1.331.33 5 + 55 + 5 20102010

FNAL 8 GeVFNAL 8 GeV HH++/H/H--/e/e 1.01.0 1010 1.01.0 2525 0.250.25 8.08.0 2.02.0 ??

JKJ 400 MeVJKJ 400 MeV

JKJ 600 MeVJKJ 600 MeV HH-- 0.50.550/2550/25

2525

2.52.5

1.251.25 50500.70.7

0.350.35

0.40.4

0.60.6

0.28/0.140.28/0.14

0.210.21

20062006

??

TRASCOTRASCO HH++ CWCW 100100 3030 3030 ??

IFMIFIFMIF DD++ CWCW 100100 2x1252x125 2x1252x125 0.0400.040 10.010.0


PART 2:PART 2:

HOW ?HOW ?


SPL Design - BasicsSPL Design - Basics

Design principles: 352 MHz frequency (LEP) for all the linac (standard RF, easy long. matching) start room-temperature, go to SC as soon as possible trade-off between current and pulse length (best compromise SC/RT)

H-

RFQ RFQ1 chop. RFQ2 RFQ1 chop. RFQ2 0.52 0.7 0.8 dump

Source Low Energy section DTL Superconducting section

45 keV 3 MeV 120 MeV 2.2 GeV

40MeV 237MeV

6 m 64 m 584 m

PS / Isolde

Stretching andcollimation line

Accumulator Ring

Debunching

383MeV

668 m

DTL CCDTLchopping

Basic parameters Energy >2 GeV (PS injection, production) Max. repetition rate 50 Hz (limit for SC

cavities) Beam power 4 MW (limit of target technology)


SPL Design - ParametersSPL Design - Parameters

H-




40MeV 237MeV

6 m 64 m 584 m

PS / Isolde


Accumulator Ring

Debunching

383MeV

668 m

DTL CCDTLchopping

Ion species H-Kinetic energy 2.2 GeVMean current during the pulse 13 mADuty cycle 14.0 %Mean beam power 4 MWPulse frequency 50 HzPulse duration 2.80 msDuty cycle during the beam pulse 61.6 %Maximum bunch current 22.7 mABunch length (total) 0.5 nsEnergy spread (total) 0.5 MeVNormalised rms horizontal emittance 0.4 mm mradNormalised rms vertical emittance 0.4 mm mradLongitudinal rms emittance (352 MHz) 0.3 deg MeV

chopping


H-




40MeV 237MeV

6 m 64 m 584 m

PS / Isolde


Accumulator Ring

Debunching

383MeV

668 m

DTL CCDTLchopping

SPL Design - LayoutSPL Design - Layout

Input Output No. of Peak RF No. of No. of No. of Lengthenergy energy cavities power klystrons tetrodes Quads(MeV) (MeV) (MW) (m)

Source, LEBT - 0.045 - - - - - 1

RFQ 0.045 3 1 0.5 1 - - 2.4Chopper line 3 3 3 0.06 - 3 6 3.6

DTL 7 120 13 11.8 15 - 160 64 120 236 42 1.5 - 42 28 101 236 383 32 1.9 - 32 16 80 383 1111 52 9.5 13 - 26 166 1111 2235 76 14.6 19 - 19 237Debunching 2235 2235 4 - 1 - 2 13

Total 223 39.9 49 77 257 668

Section

55 cryostats, 33 from LEP, 22 using components(68 total available)

49 klystrons (44 used in LEP)

Note: no more unmodified LEP cavities are used in the SPL design, for a 87 m shorter linac


H-




40MeV 237MeV

6 m 64 m 584 m

PS / Isolde


Accumulator Ring

Debunching

383MeV

668 m

DTL CCDTLchopping

SPL Design – Layout on siteSPL Design – Layout on site


H-




40MeV 237MeV

6 m 64 m 584 m

PS / Isolde


Accumulator Ring

Debunching

383MeV

668 m

DTL CCDTLchopping

SPL R&D guidelinesSPL R&D guidelines

Identify strategic items (and establish a list of priorities):

1. Requiring limited resources

2. Essential / critical to the project

3. Where CERN competence is particularly valuable

4. With a maximum of collaboration/exchanges with other labs

5. Useful for any upgrade of the CERN injectors


H-




40MeV 237MeV

6 m 64 m 584 m

PS / Isolde


Accumulator Ring

Debunching

383MeV

668 m

DTL CCDTLchopping

SPL Design – R&D topicsSPL Design – R&D topics

H- source, 25 mA14% duty cycle

Fast chopper

(2 ns transition time)

Cell Coupled Drift Tube Linac

new SC cavities: =0.52, 0.7, 0.8

Development of a new Low Level RF (with Linac2)

Beam dynamics studies aiming at minimising losses (activation!)

Vibrations of SC cavities: analysis, compensation schemes.

RF system: pulsing ofLEP klystrons


R&D topics: the chopper R&D topics: the chopper structure and driverstructure and driver

CERN Chopper structure:Alumina substrate, reduced width (inside quads)Prototypes tested (attenuation and dispersion)(F. Caspers)

kicks out the bunches falling between accumulator buckets (reduce loss at injection)

essential for modern injector linacs !

Driver amplifier: • 2 ns rise-fall time

(10%-90%)• ± 500 VPrototype of HF part (M. Paoluzzi)

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

-10 10 30 50 70 90 110

ns

V

40 ns-350

-250

-150

-50

50

150

250

350

955 957 959 961ns

V

Chopper: Travelling-wave RF deflector (meander line) at 3 MeV


R&D topics – the CCDTLR&D topics – the CCDTL

From 40 MeV (up to 120 MeV)the Alvarez can be replaced by a Cell-Coupled Drift Tube Linac:

1. Quadrupoles outside drift tubes: simpler cooling, access/replacement, alignment2. Less expensive structure than DTL3. Same real estate shunt impedance4. Continuous focusing lattice5. Stabilised structure (/2 mode)6. One resonator/klystron

drift tube

quadrupole housing

coupling cell

Alvarez DTL CCDTL 3-gaps CCDTL 4-gaps

length = 16.7 m length = 20.9 m length = 26 m

3 MeV 40 MeV 77 MeV 120 MeV63.7 m

4 klystrons 6 klystrons5 klystrons


R&D collaborations: the DTL R&D collaborations: the DTL test stand (with IPHI)test stand (with IPHI)

CERN 50 kW amplifier

(ex SPS-LEP)

Waveguide(ex LEP)

DTL model (CEA-Saclay)

Measurements (ISN Grenoble)

New test stand in the PS South Hallfor 352 MHz linacstructures 50 kW CW, 100 kW pulse(just outside MCR)

2002: testing the IPHI DTL model (3 drift tubes)2003: testing the CERN CCDTL model

P = 57 kW (each, incl. end wall + 20% add. losses)

302.5 mm

240 mm49

5 m

m


R&D topics – low R&D topics – low SC cavities SC cavities

The =0.7 4-cell prototype

CERN technique of Nb/Cu sputtering excellent thermal and mechanical stability

(important for pulsed systems) lower material cost, large apertures, released

tolerances, 4.5 K operation with Q = 109

Bulk Nb or mixed technique for =0.52 (one 100 kW tetrode per cavity)

(E. Chiaveri, R. Losito)


R&D topics - vibrationsR&D topics - vibrations

Effect on field regulation

Effect onthe beam

vector sum feedback can compensate only for vibration amplitudes below 40 Hz

possible remedies: piezos and/or high power phase and amplitude modulators

(prototype ordered - H. Frischholz)

+ possible chaotic effects(J. Tückmantel)


R&D topics – pulsing of LEP R&D topics – pulsing of LEP klystronsklystrons

Mod anode driver

5 ms/div

1 ms/div

LEP power supplies and klystrons are capable to operate in pulsed mode after minor modifications

up to 12 klystrons can be connected to one LEP power supply

14/05/2001 - H. Frischholz


R&D topics – loss managementR&D topics – loss management

For hands-on maintenance, the generally accepted figure is a particle loss < 1 W/m

For the SPL, 10 nA/m (10-6/m) @ 100 MeV, 0.5 nA/m (10-7/m) @ 2 GeV

Present Linac2 loss level (transfer line): 25W/80m = 0.3 W/m (but hot spots at > 1 W/m !)

Mechanism of beam loss in the SPL: 1. H- stripping < 0.01 W/m in quads for an off-axis beam 2. Residual gas < 0.03 W/m @ 10-8 mbar, 2 GeV (but 0.25 W/m @ 10-7)

3. Halo scraping more delicate, requires: large apertures (SC is good!) careful beam dynamics design


R&D topics – beam dynamicsR&D topics – beam dynamics

Control rms emittance growth and loss from the outer halo by avoiding parametric resonances

Selection of the working point (phase advances) on the Hofmann’s chart

(F. Gerigk)

+ Careful matching (50Mpart simulations with IMPACT at NERSC, Berkeley)


R&D topics – after the linac…R&D topics – after the linac…

Transfer lines, collimation (= scrape away halo particles before the accumulator), etc.

Accumulator/Collectorscheme (PDAC studygroup) for NuFact

T= 2.2 GeVIDC = 13 mA (during the pulse)IBunch= 22 mA3.85 108 protons/bunchlb(total) = 44 ps*H,V=0.6 m r.m.s

(140 + 6 empty)per turn

845 turns( 5 140 845 bunches per pulse)

no beam

2.8 ms

20 ms

140 bunches

20 ms

3.2 s

Charge exchangeinjection

845 turns

PROTON ACCUMULATORTREV = 3.316 s

(1168 periods @ 352.2 MHz)

1 ns rms(on target)

22.7 ns

TARGET

H+140 bunches1.62 1012 protons/bunchlb(rms) = 1 ns (on target)

Fast ejection

KICKER20 ms

3.3 slb(total) = 0.5 ns

DRIFT SPACE+

DEBUNCHER

H-

11.4 ns

22.7 ns

5bunches

Fast injection(1 turn)

BUNCH COMPRESSORTREV = 3.316 s

(1168 periods @ 352.2 MHz)

BUNCHROTATIONRF (h=146)

Fast ejection

RF (h=146)

3 emptybuckets

17.2 ms

Two Rings in the ISR Tunnel

Accumulator:3.3 s burst of 144 bunches at44 MHz

Compressor:Bunch length reduced to 3 ns


Staging 1: a common low-Staging 1: a common low-energy test stand with IPHIenergy test stand with IPHI

IPHI=Injecteur de Protons Haute Intensité (CEA+IN2P3)a 5 MeV CW RFQ @ 352 MHz is in construction and a test stand (2 LEP klystrons) in preparation at CEA-Saclay.

CERN will assemble a chopper line (choppers, quads, bunchers)

IPHI RFQ split at 3 MeV to accomodate the CERN line

More details: CERN/PS 2002-012 (RF)SUMMARY OF MINI-WORKSHOP ON SPL AND IPHI R. Garoby

Common test standat CEA Saclay

Further tests (2006)at CERN with an H- source

Agreement reached in April:


Staging 2 – a 120 MeV linac in Staging 2 – a 120 MeV linac in the PS South Hallthe PS South Hall

Profiting of the SPL design, we have a unique chance to build a new, low-cost and high-performance linac by using theRT (120 MeV) part of the SPL to inject H- into the PSB.

PARAMETERS Phase 1 (PSB)

Phase 2 (SPL)

Maximum repetition rate 2 50 Hz

Source current * 50 30 mA

RFQ current * 40 21 mA

Chopper beam-on factor 75 62 %

Current after chopper * 30 13 mA

Pulse length (max.) 0.5 2.8 ms

Average current 15 1820 A

Max. beam duty cycle 0.1 14 %

Max. number of particles per pulse 0.9 2.3 · 1014

Transverse norm. emittance (rms) 0.25 0.25 mm mrad

Longitudinal emittance (rms) 0.3 0.3 deg MeV

Maximum design current 30 A

Parameters are relaxed, there is enough space for a linac in the PS South Hall, the RF comes for free.

Any upgrade of the CERN injectors to higher brightnessrequires a higher energy linac


Staging – the 120 MeV linacStaging – the 120 MeV linac

"NEW LINAC" Layout in the PS South Hall - version 5.2.2002

12.0

m

PS Access

RF Workshop

Loading Area

Storage AreaRFQ Test stand352 MHz Test StandLoading

Area

72 m

to inflector & PSB


Staging – the 120 MeV linacStaging – the 120 MeV linac


A new 120 MeV linac at CERN A new 120 MeV linac at CERN (Linac 4…)(Linac 4…)

1. Cost-effective construction (the RF is available, including waveguides and power supplies, the building is there as well as cooling and electricity,…)

2. Advantages for the LHC beam (shorter filling time, more margin for the injectors, opens the way for an LHC upgrade)

3. Many advantages for the users of secondary beams (factor 1.8 in flux for CNGS, factor 2 for ISOLDE, improvements for AD and n-TOF).

4. A more modern and easy-to-run injector replacing the aging Linac2


PART 3:PART 3:

ROADMAP &ROADMAP &

RESOURCES RESOURCES


Roadmap (1)Roadmap (1)CERN contextCERN context

“The R&D budget for future detectors and accelerators foreseen in the 2002-2005 MTP and for the subsequent years to 2010 is reduced in total by 54.2 MCHF making thus available 26 MCHF for the completion of the upgrade of the injectors. The materials budget for R&D during the period 2003-2006 will therefore be limited to around 3.8 MCHF per year. For the time being, similar figures are also foreseen, for the years 2007-2010. Direct manpower involved in accelerator R&D is kept over the next 8 years at about 30 CERN staff and 5 fellows and associates, full time equivalent per year.

It should be stressed that the above is a minimal programme of Accelerator R&D especially for an accelerator laboratory of the importance of CERN. Its narrowness and limitations can only be justified by the present severe budgetary problems facing CERN. Efforts will be made to enhance the synergies in accelerator R&D with other Laboratories by enlarging the scope of ongoing collaborations and by setting up new ones.

In the years 2002-2004 about 90 % of the accelerator R&D resources will go to the construction of the CTF3 facility for CLIC...

R&D work on components for the front-end of a Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL) will continue with limited funds until the first phase of CTF3 is completed and the testing of high-gradient accelerating structures is well advanced. From then on, the sharing of resources between CLIC and SPL work might evolve as a function of the results technically achieved and of the contribution of the collaborations with other Laboratories. The work on the SPL front-end is carried out within the framework of collaboration for powerful H -- sources among seven European laboratories and with IN2P3/CEA for a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) device…”

R & D on accelerators at CERN - Medium Term Plan (SPC/811)R & D on accelerators at CERN - Medium Term Plan (SPC/811)


Roadmap (2)Roadmap (2)[until 2006][until 2006]

5 MeV H5 MeV H-- injector (summary of collaboration injector (summary of collaboration meetings in April 2002)meetings in April 2002)

Tests at Saclay:Tests at Saclay: Construction & installation of RFQ1 (3MeV) mid-2004 + CW diagnostic line (3 MeV) + beam stopper Characterisation in CW up to ~ 100 mA end 2004 Installation of chopping line + RFQ2 (?) mid-2005 + CW diagnostic line (5 MeV) with time resolved instrumentation Characterisation at 5 MeV [pulsed & CW] end 2005

Installation at CERN (without H+ source)Installation at CERN (without H+ source) ~ 2006~ 2006

Resources:Need to provide the foreseen CERN contribution (chopper line and instrumentation),develop an H- source and prepare the infrastructure for installation.Comment:~ feasible with the manpower authorised in 2002 + ~ 500 kCHF/year


120 MeV H120 MeV H-- linac in the PS South Hall [replacing linac in the PS South Hall [replacing LINAC 2 (50 MeV H+)]LINAC 2 (50 MeV H+)] Goal: increase beam intensity for CNGS and improve

characteristics of all proton beams (LHC, ISOLDE…) Under study: detailed design report with cost estimate in

October 2002

Roadmap (3)Roadmap (3) [until 2010 ?] [until 2010 ?]

Resources:Requires an order of magnitude increase w.r.t. the effort invested in the 5 MeV injectorComment:Active search for external resources (E.U. etc.). Nothing will be possible without a cleardecision by the CERN management, linked to the commitment to an adequate support.

On-going activities:On-going activities: Tests at CERN of DTL prototypes (collaboration with CEA & IN2P3) Development of CCDTL structures Development of new low level RF Study of charge exchange injection in the PSB


Full size SPLFull size SPL Necessary condition: approval of (at least) one new physics

programme (Neutrino super-beam ? EURISOL ?…) Design is not frozen ! (beam energy, type of SC cavities…)

Roadmap (4)Roadmap (4) [until 201x !] [until 201x !]

Resources:Large size project when combined with the realisation of high power target area(s) and new experimental facilitiesComment:Will need major contributions in know-how and in-kind from other laboratories.A clear possibility of development of CERN after the completion of the LHC construction…

On-going activities:On-going activities: Studies and developments for the 120 MeV injector Characterisation of 352 MHz low SC cavities in pulsed mode Development of high power amplitude & phase modulator Beam dynamics optimisation


The SPL study is alive and supported, although with limited The SPL study is alive and supported, although with limited resources, and progress is made:resources, and progress is made: design is improving, R&D is going on, collaborations are active and more is encouraged !

A staged approach is proposed to:A staged approach is proposed to: bring immediate benefits to the approved physics programme help preserve and gradually strengthen a competent team accelerate the realization of the complete SPL

Continuation after 2002 depends upon CERN management Continuation after 2002 depends upon CERN management decisions to solve the LHC crisis…decisions to solve the LHC crisis…

Roadmap (5)Roadmap (5)


1.1. High intensity protons beams will remain a strong asset of High intensity protons beams will remain a strong asset of CERN beyond 2010. Improving their performance is a logical CERN beyond 2010. Improving their performance is a logical and necessary path for the approved physics programme and necessary path for the approved physics programme (especially LHC).(especially LHC).

2.2. Proposals for new major experimental facilities are being Proposals for new major experimental facilities are being prepared (UNO, neutrino super-beams, EURISOL, …), for prepared (UNO, neutrino super-beams, EURISOL, …), for which the CERN site is perfectly suitable.which the CERN site is perfectly suitable.

A new high performance proton injector like the SPL would be a A new high performance proton injector like the SPL would be a

key component to satisfy both needskey component to satisfy both needs

Such a project is ideally suited to bridge the gap between the end of payment Such a project is ideally suited to bridge the gap between the end of payment of the LHC construction and a future project for high energy physics (VLHC ? of the LHC construction and a future project for high energy physics (VLHC ? Linear Collider ? Neutrino Factory ? …)Linear Collider ? Neutrino Factory ? …)

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Status & plans of the SPL* study

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