1. STATISTICS Is study or scientific method of collecting,organizing, processing, presenting, and analyzing data and drawing a conclusionaccording to the result of the data analysis

2. Data Is information obtained from the result of observationor research The Singular form of data is DATUM Data can describe a situation, so that based on thedata we can draw a conclution According to the types, data can be divided into two :Qualitative Data and Quantitative Data Qualitative Data : are data related to the category orcharacteristic like Math, Biology, beautiful, danger, tin,slim,etc Quantitative Data : are obtained from the result ofnumerical recording ( in the form of figures) 3. The Process The acquired data are arranged Processed Presented then anayzed carefully , accurately andaccording to the right theory Based on the data that have been analyzed, we candraw a conclusion Several examples of conclusion :- The profil of ateacher affects the degree of studentsunderstanding, -Giving balanced diet to childrenunder five years old greatly affects their growth,-Theaverage age of students who have just entered gradeVII in junior high school in Indramayu is 13 years old 4. The ways of collecting Data Counting Measuring Recording data by tallies We should know what kind of data to becollected in order to get aconclusion(answer) to the problem weare coping with. 5. Suppose we want to know the influence of theeconomic level of parents on the study result ofstudent. To answer the problem, we should collectdata that cover :- number of students- position of students in their family- kind of parents occupation- study result of students- condition of students homes- and so on 6. According to the sum of data:Simple Data/ SingleData Grouped Data The Mean : The number of rows Mode : The value (classes)that appears most High Quartilfrequently/ the value ofhighest frequency Low Quartil The median: Middle Inter Quartilvalue after being The Intervalordered Frequency Table The Range :Thehighest- The lowest 7. Examples# given that the scores of Math test are : 4,6,7,8,9,10,2,5,7,8,9,9,9,7,3So, find :range, mean, median and mode !Solution- range = 9-2 = 7- mean = ( 2+ 3+4+5+6+3.7+2.8+4.9+1.10 ) : 15 = 111 : 15 = 7.4- median = 7- mode = 7 sc 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ore f 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 1 8. Population & SamplePopulation A population is any entire collection of people, animals, plants or things from which we may collect data. It is theentire group we are interested in, which we wish to describe or draw conclusions about. In order to make any generalisations about a population, a sample, that is meant to be representative of the population,is often studied. For each population there are many possible samples. A sample statistic gives information about acorresponding population parameter. For example, the sample mean for a set of data would give information about theoverall population mean. It is important that the investigator carefully and completely defines the population before collecting the sample,including a description of the members to be included. ExampleThe population for a study of infant health might be all children born in the UK in the 1980s. The sample might be allbabies born on 7th May in any of the years.Sample A sample is a group of units selected from a larger group (the population). By studying the sample it is hoped to drawvalid conclusions about the larger group. A sample is generally selected for study because the population is too large to study in its entirety. The sample shouldbe representative of the general population. This is often best achieved by random sampling. Also, before collectingthe sample, it is important that the researcher carefully and completely defines the population, including a descriptionof the members to be included. ExampleThe population for a study of infant health might be all children born in the UK in the 1980s. The sample might be allbabies born on 7th May in any of the years. 9. Populasi Dan Sampel PopulasiPopulasi adalah keseluruhan dari objekpenelitian SampelSampel adalah bagian dari populasi Sampel yang baik adalah sampel yangrepresentatif, yaitu sampel yang dapat mewakilipopulasinya. Agar representatif, makapengambilan sampel dari populasi harusmenggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel(sampling) yang benar.