Statistical Multiplexing .

• Statistical Multiplexing

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-statistical-multiplexing-toolkit.html

4G Key features

1 Frequency-domain statistical multiplexing, for example (OFDMA) or (single-carrier FDMA) (SC-FDMA, a.k.a. linearly precoded OFDMA, LP-OFDMA) in the uplink: Variable bit

rate by assigning different sub-channels to different users based on

the channel conditions


Passive optical network - Upstream bandwidth allocation

1 Through dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA), a PON can be

oversubscribed for upstream traffic, according to the traffic engineering concepts of statistical multiplexing


Passive optical network - WDM-PON

1 The multiple wavelengths of a WDM-PON can be used to separate Optical

Network Units (ONUs) into several virtual PONs co-existing on the same

physical infrastructure. Alternatively the wavelengths can be used collectively

through statistical multiplexing to provide efficient wavelength utilization and lower delays experienced by the

ONUs.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-statistical-multiplexing-toolkit.html

Multiplexing - Types of multiplexing

1 Multiple variable bit rate digital bit streams may be transferred efficiently over a single fixed

bandwidth channel by means of statistical multiplexing, for example packet mode communication. Packet

mode communication is an asynchronous mode time-domain

multiplexing which resembles time-division multiplexing.


Multiplexing - Code-division multiplexing

1 Advantages over conventional techniques are that variable

bandwidth is possible (just as in statistical multiplexing), that the

wide bandwidth allows poor signal-to-noise ratio according to Shannon-Hartley theorem, and that multi-path

propagation in wireless communication can be combated by

rake receivers.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-statistical-multiplexing-toolkit.html

Multiplexing - Relation to multiple access

1 A multiplexing technique may be further extended into a multiple access method or channel access method, for example TDM into Time-division multiple access (TDMA) and statistical multiplexing into carrier sense multiple access (CSMA). A

multiple access method makes it possible for several transmitters

connected to the same physical medium to share its capacity.


Multiplexing - Relation to multiple access

1 The Transport layer in the OSI model as well as TCP/IP model provides statistical multiplexing of several

application layer data flows to/from the same computer.


Multiplexing - Digital broadcasting

1 In digital television and digital radio systems, several variable bit-rate

data streams are multiplexed together to a fixed bitrate transport

stream by means of statistical multiplexing. This makes it possible to transfer several video and audio channels simultaneously over the same frequency channel, together

with various services.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-statistical-multiplexing-toolkit.html

General Packet Radio Service - Multiple access schemes

1 This is combined with time domain statistical multiplexing; i.e., packet mode communication, which makes it possible for several users to share

the same frequency channel


Evolution-Data Optimized - TIA-856 Rev. B

1 Reduced latency by using statistical multiplexing across channels—

enhances the experience for latency sensitive services such as gaming, video telephony, remote console

sessions and web browsing.


Packet switching - Overview

1 Packet switching features delivery of variable bitrate data streams (sequences of packets)

over a shared network which allocates transmission resources as needed using

statistical multiplexing or dynamic bandwidth allocation techniques. When traversing

network adapters, switches, routers, and other network nodes, packets are buffered and queued, resulting in variable delay and

throughput depending on the network's capacity and the traffic load on the network.


Round-robin scheduling - Network packet scheduling

1 In best-effort packet switching and other statistical multiplexing, round-robin scheduling can be used as an alternative to first-come first-served

queuing.


Statistical time division multiplexing

1 When performed correctly, statistical multiplexing can provide a link

utilization improvement, called the statistical multiplexing gain.



1 Statistical multiplexing is facilitated through packet mode or packet-oriented

communication, which among others is utilized in packet switched computer

networks. Each stream is divided into packets that normally are delivered asynchronously in

a first-come first-served fashion. In alternative fashion, the packets may be delivered according to some scheduling

discipline for fair queuing or differentiated and/or guaranteed quality of service.



1 Statistical multiplexing of an analog channel, for example a wireless

channel, is also facilitated through the following schemes:



1 Statistical multiplexing normally implies "on-demand" service rather than one that preallocates resources

for each data stream. Statistical multiplexing schemes do not control

user data transmissions.


Statistical time division multiplexing - Comparison with static TDM

1 Time domain statistical multiplexing (packet mode communication) is similar to time-division multiplexing (TDM), except that,

rather than assigning a data stream to the same recurrent time slot in every TDM

frame, each data stream is assigned time slots (of fixed length) or data frames (of variable lengths) that often appear to be

scheduled in a randomized order, and experience varying delay (while the delay is

fixed in TDM).https://store.theartofservice.com/the-statistical-multiplexing-toolkit.html


1 Statistical multiplexing allows the bandwidth to be divided arbitrarily

among a variable number of channels (while the number of

channels and the channel data rate are fixed in TDM).



1 Statistical multiplexing ensures that slots will not be wasted (whereas

TDM can waste slots). The transmission capacity of the link will be shared by only those users who

have packets.



1 Static TDM and other circuit switching is carried out at the

physical layer in the OSI model and TCP/IP model, while statistical

multiplexing is carried out at the data link layer and above.


Statistical time division multiplexing - Channel identification

1 In statistical multiplexing, each packet or frame contains a

channel/data stream identification number, or (in the case of datagram

communication) complete destination address information.


Statistical time division multiplexing - Usage

1 Examples of statistical multiplexing are:


Statistical time division multiplexing - Usage

1 The MPEG transport stream for digital TV transmission. Statistical

multiplexing is used to allow several video, audio and data streams of

different data rates to be transmitted over a bandwidth-limited channel (see #Statistical multiplexer). The

packets have constant lengths. The channel number is denoted Program

ID (PID).https://store.theartofservice.com/the-statistical-multiplexing-toolkit.html

Scheduling (computing) - Scheduling disciplines

1 In packet-switched computer networks and other statistical multiplexing, the notion of a

scheduling algorithm is used as an alternative to first-come first-served

queuing of data packets.


Transmission Control Protocol - Development

1 The redundancy offered by Multipath TCP in the context of wireless networks enables statistical

multiplexing of resources, and thus increases TCP throughput

dramatically


Time-division multiplexing - TDM versus packet-mode communication

1 Bandwidth reservation distinguishes time-division multiplexing from statistical multiplexing such as packet mode

communication (also known as 'statistical time-domain multiplexing', see below) i.e. the time slots are recurrent in a fixed order and pre-allocated to the channels, rather

than scheduled on a packet-by-packet basis. Statistical time-domain multiplexing

resembles, but should not be considered the same as time-division multiplexing.


EVDO - TIA-856 Rev. B

1 * Reduced latency by using statistical multiplexing across channels—

enhances the experience for latency sensitive services such as gaming, video telephony, remote console

sessions and web browsing.


Digital radio - Broadcast standards

1 The latter allows one wideband radio signal to carry a statistical

multiplexing|multiplex consisting of several radio-channels of variable

bitrate as well as data services and other forms of media


Three way handshake - Development

1 The redundancy offered by Multipath TCP in the context of wireless

networks [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1794199 TCP with feed-forward source coding for wireless downlink

networks] enables statistical multiplexing of resources, and thus

increases TCP throughput dramatically


Network Neutrality - Over-provisioning

1 Over-provisioning is a form of statistical multiplexing that makes

liberal estimates of peak user demand


IMT Advanced - Principal technologies

1 * Frequency-domain statistical multiplexing, for example (OFDMA) or (Single-carrier FDMA) (SC-FDMA,

Linearly precoded OFDMA, LP-OFDMA) in the uplink: Variable bit

rate by assigning different sub-channels to different users based on

the channel conditions


OFDMA - Characteristics and principles of operation

1 OFDMA can be seen as an alternative to combining OFDM with time

division multiple access (TDMA) or time-domain statistical multiplexing,

i.e. packet mode communication. Low-data-rate users can send

continuously with low transmission power instead of using a pulsed high-

power carrier. Constant delay, and shorter delay, can be achieved.


Cable Internet access - Shared bandwidth

1 This arrangement allows the network operator to take advantage of

statistical multiplexing, a Bandwidth (computing)|bandwidth sharing technique which is employed to

distribute bandwidth fairly, in order to provide an adequate level of service at an acceptable price


Long-tail traffic - Network performance

1 * Worst cases in statistical multiplexing


Channel access method - Packet mode multiple-access

1 Due to its random character it can be categorised as statistical

multiplexing methods, making it possible to provide dynamic

bandwidth allocation


GPRS - Multiple access schemes

1 This is combined with time domain statistical multiplexing; i.e., packet mode communication, which makes it possible for several users to share

the same frequency channel


Transport layer - Analysis

1 This involves statistical multiplexing of data from different application processes, i.e


Asynchronous communication - Data link layer and higher

1 Asynchronous communication at the data link layer or higher protocol layers is known as statistical multiplexing or packet mode

communication, for example asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). In this case the asynchronously transferred blocks are

called data packets, for example ATM cells. The opposite is circuit switched

communication, which provides constant bit rate, for example ISDN and SONET/SDH.


G-PON - Upstream bandwidth allocation

1 Through dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA), a PON can be

oversubscribed for upstream traffic, according to the traffic engineering

(telecommunications)|traffic engineering concepts of statistical

multiplexing


Sirius Satellite Radio - Signal architecture and early prototypes

1 The studio encoder was a result of Bell Labs efforts in statistical

multiplexing of perceptual audio coded signals, a cousin of the MP3

standards


Digital Audio Broadcasting - Protocol stack

1 From an OSI model protocol stack viewpoint, the technologies used on DAB inhabit the

following layers: the audio codec inhabits the presentation layer. Below that is the data link

layer, in charge of packet mode statistical multiplexing and frame synchronization.

Finally, the physical layer contains the error-correction coding, OFDM modulation, and dealing with the over-the-air transmission

and reception of data. Some aspects of these are described below.


Linux Process Scheduler - Scheduling disciplines

1 In packet-switched computer networks and other statistical multiplexing, the notion of a

'scheduling algorithm' is used as an alternative to FIFO (computing)|first-

come first-served queuing of data packets.


Virtual circuit

1 * varying load from other users sharing the same network resources by means of statistical multiplexing,

etc.


Asynchronous

1 At the higher data link layer of communication, 'asynchrony' is

synonym of statistical multiplexing, such as in packet mode


Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access - Characteristics and principles of operation

1 OFDMA can be seen as an alternative to combining OFDM with time

division multiple access (TDMA) or time-domain statistical multiplexing communication. Low-data-rate users

can send continuously with low transmission power instead of using

a pulsed high-power carrier. Constant delay, and shorter delay, can be

achieved. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-statistical-multiplexing-toolkit.html

BBC HD - Technical Specifications

1 Following the launch of BBC One HD on 3 November 2010, both the new channel and BBC HD were Statistical multiplexing|statistically multiplexed

on the satellite feeds


Radio resource management - Dynamic radio resource management

1 * Dynamic bandwidth allocation using resource reservation multiple

access schemes or statistical multiplexing, for example Spread

spectrum and/or packet radio


Statistical multiplexing

1 When performed correctly, statistical multiplexing can provide a link

utilization improvement, called the statistical multiplexing gain.



1 Statistical multiplexing is facilitated through 'packet mode' or 'packet-oriented'

communication, which among others is utilized in packet switched computer

networks. Each stream is divided into packets that normally are delivered asynchronously in

a first-come first-served fashion. In alternative fashion, the packets may be delivered according to some scheduling

discipline for fair queuing or differentiated and/or guaranteed quality of service.



1 Statistical multiplexing normally implies on-demand service rather

than one that preallocates resources for each data stream. Statistical

multiplexing schemes do not control user data transmissions.


Statistical multiplexing - Comparison with static TDM

1 Time domain statistical multiplexing (packet mode communication) is similar to time-division multiplexing (TDM), except that,

rather than assigning a data stream to the same recurrent time slot in every TDM data frame|frame, each data stream is assigned

time slots (of fixed length) or data frames (of variable lengths) that often appear to be

scheduled in a randomized order, and experience varying delay (while the delay is

fixed in TDM).


Statistical multiplexing - Usage

1 * The MPEG transport stream for digital TV transmission. Statistical

multiplexing is used to allow several video, audio and data streams of

different data rates to be transmitted over a bandwidth-limited channel (see Statistical multiplexer). The

packets have constant lengths. The channel number is denoted Program

ID (PID).https://store.theartofservice.com/the-statistical-multiplexing-toolkit.html

Multiple access - Time division multiple access (TDMA)

1 Due to its random character it can be categorised as statistical

multiplexing methods, making it possible to provide dynamic

bandwidth allocation


Weighted fair queuing

1 'Weighted fair queueing' (WFQ) is a data packet scheduling (computing)|

scheduling technique allowing different scheduling priorities to statistical

multiplexing|statistically multiplexed data Flow (computer networking)|flows.

Weighted fair queueing is popular because it approximates generalized processor

sharing to within one packet transmission time, regardless of the arrival patterns.


Cell relay

1 In computer networking, 'cell relay' refers to a method of statistical

multiplexing|statistically multiplexing small fixed-length packet

(information technology)|packets, called cells, to transport data

between computers or kinds of network equipment. It is an

Reliability (computer networking)|unreliable, connection-oriented

packet switching|packet switched data communications protocol.


Packet switched network - Overview

1 Packet switching features delivery of variable bitrate data streams (sequences of packets)

over a computer network which allocates transmission resources as needed using

statistical multiplexing or dynamic bandwidth allocation techniques. When traversing

network adapters, switches, routers, and other network nodes, packets are buffered and queued, resulting in variable delay and

throughput depending on the network's capacity and the traffic load on the network.


Asynchrony

1 At the higher data link layer of communication, asynchrony is synonym of

statistical multiplexing


Kermit (protocol) - Technical

1 On connections over RS-232 Statistical multiplexing|Statistical

Multiplexers where some ASCII#ASCII control characters|control characters

do not transmit, Kermit can be configured to work, unlike protocols

like XMODEM that require all 256 bytes be transmittable.


Time-multiplexing - TDM versus packet-mode communication

1 Bandwidth reservation distinguishes time-division multiplexing from statistical multiplexing such as

statistical time division multiplexing i.e. the time slots are recurrent in a fixed order and pre-allocated to the

channels, rather than scheduled on a packet-by-packet basis.


Dynamic bandwidth allocation

1 'Dynamic bandwidth allocation' is a technique by which traffic bandwidth in a

shared telecommunications medium can be allocated on demand and fairly between

different users of that bandwidth. This is a form of bandwidth management, and is essentially the same thing as statistical multiplexing. Where the sharing of a link adapts in some way to the instantaneous traffic demands of the nodes connected to

the link.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-statistical-multiplexing-toolkit.html

Max-min fairness

1 In best-effort statistical multiplexing, a first-come first-served (FCFS)

scheduling policy is often used. The advantage with max-min fairness

over FCFS is that it results in traffic shaping, meaning that an ill-behaved flow, consisting of large data packets or bursts of many packets, will only

punish itself and not other flows. Network congestion is consequently

to some extent avoided.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-statistical-multiplexing-toolkit.html

Max-min fairness

1 Fair queuing is an example of a max-min fair packet scheduling algorithm for statistical multiplexing and best

effort packet-switched networks, since it gives scheduling priority to

users that have achieved lowest data rate since they became active. In

case of equally sized data packets, round-robin scheduling is max-min

fair.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-statistical-multiplexing-toolkit.html

Data link connection identifier

1 Frame Relay networks use DLCIs to Statistical multiplexing|statistically multiplex frames


Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom - Use of multiplexing technology

1 *Multiplexes can make use of statistical multiplexing at the MPEG

video coder whereby the bitrate allocated to a channel within the multiplex can vary dynamically

depending on how difficult it's to code the picture content at that

precise time, and how much demand there is for bandwidth from other

channelshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-statistical-multiplexing-toolkit.html

Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom - Improvements in compression technology

1 Developments in statistical multiplexing, improved compression technology, and, in some cases, an acceptance of lower quality or lower

resolution broadcasts, allowed gradual increases in the number of services carried on digital terrestrial

television multiplexes.


Muxer - Types of multiplexing

1 Multiple variable bit rate digital bit streams may be transferred efficiently over a single fixed

Bandwidth (signal processing)|bandwidth channel by means of

statistical multiplexing. This is an asynchronous mode time-domain

multiplexing which is a form of time-division multiplexing.


Muxer - Relation to multiple access

1 A multiplexing technique may be further extended into a multiple

access method or channel access method, for example TDM into time division multiple access (TDMA) and statistical multiplexing into carrier sense multiple access (CSMA). A multiple access method makes it possible for several transmitters connected to the same physical medium to share its capacity.


KSCI - Digital channels

1 KSCI has subleased several of its digital subchannels to other

broadcasters. Station management believes that six digital subchannels

can fit into the spectrum, using statistical multiplexing. The station's

digital channel is Multiplex (TV)|multiplexed:


For More Information, Visit:

• https://store.theartofservice.com/the-statistical-multiplexing-toolkit.html

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Statistical Multiplexing .

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