states of matter-1 - MS Sciencethomascallscience.weebly.com/.../9/1/2/...matter-1.pdf ·...

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Transcript of states of matter-1 - MS Sciencethomascallscience.weebly.com/.../9/1/2/...matter-1.pdf ·...

Page 1: states of matter-1 - MS Sciencethomascallscience.weebly.com/.../9/1/2/...matter-1.pdf · States&of&Maer & • All&maer&can&existin&3&states:&solid,&liquid,& gas& • Changing&from&one&state&to&another&is&a
Page 2: states of matter-1 - MS Sciencethomascallscience.weebly.com/.../9/1/2/...matter-1.pdf · States&of&Maer & • All&maer&can&existin&3&states:&solid,&liquid,& gas& • Changing&from&one&state&to&another&is&a

States  of  Ma*er  

•  All  ma*er  can  exist  in  3  states:  solid,  liquid,  gas  

•  Changing  from  one  state  to  another  is  a  physical  change  

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Specific  States  of  Ma*er  

•  Depends  on  the  temperature  and  pressure  of  ma*er  

•  As  the  temperature  of  an  object  increases  its  state  will  change  from  solid  to  liquid  to  gas  

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Solid  

•  Ma*er  with  a  definite  shape  and  volume  •  ParEcles  are  bonded  together  in  a  crystal  laFce  

•  ParEcles  vibrate  but  do  not  move  independently  from  each  other  

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Liquid  

•  Ma*er  with  a  fixed  volume  but  not  a  fixed  shape  

•  The  bond  between  parEcles  are  not  strong  enough  to  support  the  substance  

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Gas  

•  Ma*er  without  a  fixed  volume  or  fixed  shape  •  Has  a  tendency  to  expand  •  Example:  oxygen,  carbon  dioxide  

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Plasma  

•  Similar  to  gas  but  has  charged  parEcles  that  react  strongly  to  magneEc  fields  

•  Stars  are  made  of  plasma  and  it  can  be  found  in  neon  signs,  lightning,  and  fluorescent  bulbs  

•  Plasma  is  the  most  common  state  of  ma*er  in  the  universe  but  we  seldom  see  it  in  daily  life.  

Page 8: states of matter-1 - MS Sciencethomascallscience.weebly.com/.../9/1/2/...matter-1.pdf · States&of&Maer & • All&maer&can&existin&3&states:&solid,&liquid,& gas& • Changing&from&one&state&to&another&is&a

Temperature  

•  Measurement  of  heat  or  how  fast  parEcles  are  moving  in  a  substance  

•  The  higher  the  temperature  the  faster  parEcles  move  

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Temperature  Scales  

•  Fahrenheit  –  based  on  typical  condiEons  on  Earth;  32o  –  water  freezes,  212o–  water  boils  

•  Celsius  –  Based  on  the  change  of  states  for  water;  0o  –  water  freezes,  100o–  water  boils  

•  Kelvin  –  Based  on  the  coldest  possible  temperature  (absolute  zero);  273K  –  water  freezes,  373–  water  boils  

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MelEng  Point  

•  The  temperature  at  which  a  solid  melts  into  a  liquid  

•  Every  material  has  its  own  unique  melEng  point  

•  Bonds  holding  solid  together  are  broken  at  the  melEng  point  

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Boiling  Point  

•  The  temperature  at  which  a  solid  melts  into  a  liquid  

•  Every  material  has  its  own  unique  boiling  point  

•  A*racEon  between  parEcles  in  a  liquid  are  broken  at  the  boiling  point  

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SublimaEon  

•  Ma*er  changing  directly  from  a  solid  to  a  gas  without  going  through  a  liquid  phase  

•  Example  of  this  is  dry  ice  (solid  carbon  dioxide)