No. ~~-VOL:-L1

FRIDAY,

7TH AUGUST, 1953

I.rUtin. II lk. U.O. u • Nurlrtll'tt

Price 6d.

founded by Mahalma Gandhi in 190.3

Startling Story Of Mall Mall

There a police caroccupants of your

* !I

Stnce wars bcgilt in Ih e

ntinds of 1I1e1t, it is in the

miscds of men tlsa! the de­

fences of peace must bc

constructed.

-Conltltutlon or UnitedNations.

I am askiul[ tit)' country­

men ......10 follow no other

'{osPe! lltau lire !{ospcl oj

setf-sacrtfice whteh precedes

every battle, 1Vhellter )'0/1

bcloltg 10 Ihe school of uio­

Icnco or nou-uiotenc», )'011

rot'll have 10 go through

Iltc fire of sacrifice and of

discipliue.

-Mahatma Gandhi.

*

(By Reginald Reynolds)Reproduced (rom ~ Peace News' dated 26th June 1953

~FFIC IAL figures can sometimes be interesting. I invite your attention tothe following statistics from the 'Tanganyika Standard (April 25) and the'Central African Post' of Lusaka (1une j 2). Both are European papers.

They give the casualties in the Kenya disturbances from the declaration of the"State of Emergency" in October 'j 95 2:

Killed by Mau 1\Iau up to April 23 "according to official records :" Africans450, Europeans 10, Asians 'I. Up to June 3 "latest official figures:" Africans4 I I, Europeans 17, Asians 4.

Killed by forces in anti- Mall Mau operations up to April 23 "according toofficial records" Africans 595. Up to June 3 "latest official figures" Africans 848.

\Vhile the number of Asians killed by Mau Mau remained static, - seven moreEuropeans were killed between April 23 and June 3 ; but in that .same period 39Africans were apparently brought to life again, so that the total killed by Maul\lau during those five weeks must have been a minus quantity of 32.

From such unreliable statistics it is difficult to draw conclusions; but bothmurder budgets indicate the same general and agreed conclusions:

(r) The number of Africans said to have rbeen killed by Matt Mau vastlyexceeds the number of European victims ;

(2) the number of Africans killed by the forces of law and order admittedlyexceeds-apparently on an increasing scale-the number of African casualtiesdebited to Mau Mau, Thbse are lacts which I want to consider here.

/'

When Will The Truth Be Told?You could drive through this troubled country of Kenya seeing little and

understanding less.Here you pass a police station, protected by barbed wire.

pauses at a cross-roads and the police look searchingly at thecar. Nothing more, perhaps. . .

It is a cliche common among Europeans in Africa that the African has, atbest, only a "veneer" of civilisation: under that lurks the savage. I am not in aposition to argue about that; but I think it is probably true.

I can believe it because I know it is true of us all. What else is modern warbut the savagery that lurks beneath our veneer of civilisation-and breaks through?

It is not a question of blaming and accusing: it is a question of understandingand facing something,

To understand Mau Mau you have to know something of the history of thecountry: you have to Be able to feel what it is like to be an African, treated as aliinferior in your own country, confined to the smallest o"C inadequate small-holdingswhile one European is granted thousands of acres,Ruthless War .

II am no~ concerned here wi111 the arguments advanced to justify this state of

affairs: I am only concerned at the moment with the way you or I would look atit-or ~n African. . " I j ,

(Conthl1led 0'/ paf{e 49I)

VVho Are The Real Mau Maus1

NOTES AND NEWS

oeIN'ON

FRIDAY. 7TH AUCUST. 1953

7th August, 1953

the project of the Britishand Foreign Bible Societyto send Bibles in theirthousands for the Mau Mauprisoners and to other placeswhere there has been ten­sion. \Vben we rend thatwe could not help exclaim­ing : "Physlcian heel thy­self!" What a mockery ofChristianity? The Bible ismost needed today by theworld political leaders whohave been the cause ofall thetension and, in South Africa,by Dr. Malan and company,who are leading this fairlandand the whole world todestruction. Jf God wouldonly give them the wisdomto do a iittle introspectionthey would surely rca lisethat they are the real Mau~I:lus.

become more and more self.reliant. Self-reli:mce is the keyta his salvation in South Africa.The sooner tbis is brought I hometo the black man the better it willbe for him. Let him not imitatetbe bad habits of the white manbut nur~ure his own frugal waysof living. \

New ApartheId BillThe Reserv:ltion of Separere

Amenities Bill, wbich the Minis­ter of Justice, Mr. C. R. SW:IrI,bas introduced in the Assemblyand which has been read a firsttime, provides for the reserv:ltion',of puhlic premises and vehicles,or portions thereof, for the ex­clusive usc of persons of a parti­cular race or class. The Billmakes it sn offenl:'c for :InY per­son who is not of the ipeci6ed 'race or elars, wilfully to enter oruse Olny public premises. or pub­lic ~ehides, or portions thereof,which bave , been set . :Iparl orreserved for the exclusive usc ofpersons belonging to a particularrace or class, The amenilieswhicb may be so reserved includecounters. benches, .!eals or anyether amenity or contrivance onpublic premisc1.l or [In a publicvehicle, For conlr.wentions ofthis peovieicn .. fin,e not exceedin!:£50 Dr three months' imprison.ment or both fine and imprison.ment is Imposed. Public pre.mises Includes any land, enclollurebuilding, structure, hall, room:office or convenicnce to ' whichthe public h;lls access, whether onpayment of an lidmission fcc ornot. A pnblic vehicle includes

b ut, unlike the Whites, theywill have to pay taxes with­but deriving any benefitstherefrom. It will be sur­prising if this Bill docs notpass. If it does it willaugment the list of the un­just laws against which thedefiance campaign has beenlaunched. The pity of it isthat the campaign is notkeeping pace with the Gov­ernment measures. TheGovernment however hasno reason to glee over it.Let it not forget that it issitting on a volcano withoutknowing when and in whatform it will erupt.

While reading the reportof this latest Apartheidmeasure ill the I Natal 1\1 er­cury' our eyes fell on the;tdjoinin~ column reporting

East London's Mayor WarnsWhite S.A.

Wbile the White m:m in SouthAfric:t squabbled blindly overr:lcial ideals and shunned hardwork. the strong and virile Blackman was gradually forcing hisway upwards, said the M..yor ofEast London, Mr. F. Fox, Olt 01

.. United Party conference last ,week. The White I man enjoyeda standard of living known to fewother While populations. TheGovernment, provincial andmunicipal councils, were continu­ally being harassed by people whowanted more and more for lessand less. Luxuries had becomecomforts and comforts bad be­come necessities for the SouthAfrican White population. Inother words comfort and luxurywere becoming a right instead ofa reward. The Native was already'becoming tbe industrial worker inthe cilies-tb"c scarcity of farmlabour was proof of Ihi,. Thiswas the danger signOlI, and theanswer to those whose prejudiceprevented their looking ahead,Tbe European must realise hecannot for ever h..ve his com forI '..nd case in South AfricOi. At thesame time the Native must realisethat OIS the yeus palll he will havc 'to look ..fter himself, added Mr. 'Fox.-Sapa.

Well SaId

There is much truth In whatthe Mayor of Easl London hassaid. The while man will haveto abandon bis luxurious habitsand tbeb1.Jck man wlll bave to

l

iNDIAN

freedom for all. I t is notpower that the oppressedpeople of South Africa aretoday fighting. They arefighting for justice and free­dom which is the birthrightof ever)' human being.

The l\I inister of Justice.i\Ir. C. R. Swart, introducedin the Union House ofAssembly a Bill known asthe "Reservation ofSeparateAmenities I3i1l, " which pro­vides for the reservation ofpublic premises and vehicles,or portions thereof, for theexclusive use of personsof il. particular race or class.The Bill provides furtherthat the setting aside ofamemues lor a particularrace or class of person maynot be declared invalid(which have recently done)merely on the grounds thutno such amenities havesimilarly been reserved forthe exclusive usc of personsbelonging to any otherclass , or that the amenitiesso reserved for persons be­longing to any other raceor class. are not substantiallysimilar to. or of the samecharacter, standard, extentor quality as the amenitiesreserved for another raceor class of people. Thismeans that the Government,in implementing its policyof Apartheid. will not be

obliged to provide facilitiesfur tbe non-Whires equaltu those enjoyed by theWhites. Anything will 'begood enough for the non.\\'hitc'i. But not so ininregard to taxation. Thatof course the non- \Vhite will

. be subjected to not onlyequally with the Whites

INDiANOPINION

4B4

11 N the past we knewLl weeks hence what legis-

lativc measures were tobe introduced ill Parliamentand people had an oppor­tunity to study them and tocomment on them, Todaynobody k no ws what is goingto come and when it is go­ing to come. In so far asthe no n- \Vhites arc cun ­cerncd the Dill to changethe co ns ti tu rio n in order toreman: the remnants of th esafeguards existing in it foru s is n ot the only seriousone. The more serious,ones s . em tJ be comingslowly hut su relv, In pur­s uin g its programme andpolicy o f Apartheid theGovernment is determinedto re m o ve every possibleobstacle i,l its \Va}', It isnow trying to remove thelast vestige of protection wehave from the Law Courts,The Apartheid laws are be­iRg so rightcued llP thatt he Courts- will be able to.u lorcl I I:> 110 relief what­::"JC\ er, uulcvs they decideth at such I iws a rc ultravirc -. rhc p .)wcr" of any civi­11 . -l l'.lrli.llneut. . \ i\tagis.t r.u c "r .l j u d ~c who feelsth It W.l)' will nnd his po sl­tion unbe.rr.rblc on theb uch a nd if h e has ;11\)' self­rcxpc ct he will rc!>ign hisp .)..1 forthwith. pr ovided. ofcour sc , til u hc is theretv meet lJut jus rice andn.lt only for his ownm.lteri.\\ intu.e ats. Ilis po·sition will be just as pre­carious as the oppressedpeople of this country andhi s real duty will be toleave til,: bence and jointh.;ir r"lIks ill a common·,t rubb le for justice and

' v

\

\I

R. VITI-IAL

public sittinEs of the LandTenure Beard, and IldvisinF:every Congress Branch to bririgforcefully to the no lice or tbopeople in their area the dan­gei:s forcing them under thesinilter plans which aim touproot tbouaands of people [romtheir homes.

I'No true representative ofhis people" the resolutionstated, "can put forward anyalternative plans before theLand Tenure Board for we aresatisfied that the Group ArensAct is an unjust law and .henceno [ustice can flow out of itfor the non-European people.:'

Peace In KoreaAnother resolution passed by

the WOlking Committee wel­comed the signing 01 the armis­tice in Korea. Tho resolutionsaid: "Pledged as w~ are tothe cause of peace, and peace­ful methods of resulving dif·ferences in the national Bodinterne tional field, we oroheartened at the successful con­elusion of a truce in Korea,We express the hope that tbetruce will be the bcginniog ofgreater efforts leading to B'

Peace Pact among and DigPowers or the world."

BUll DecentralisationCriticised

The Working Committee con.demned the Durban City Couc­cit. decentralisation or the Non­European tUB centre "Despitetremendous opposition," Can­gren added: "the Council hasenforced decentralisation lead­ing to increased dangers to thesafely of school children and·pan enl:en . Congress condemnsthe action of the Council andcalli upon the Council, in theinterest of public safely. to 'erect a proper non-Europeanbus terminus al the present siteof the Municipal Tt sting 'Grounds,"

Bookkeeper, Writing up aoti of• Books. Balance Bheets, Iuo cma

T:lx Retnms, Apply:

9 Adamo Arcade,40 Market Sired.

Johannesburg.

TH E Working Committee of~~~~~

the Natal Indian ' Cong resswhich met in Durban on Sun­day, AUl:usl :J• • and which Will

attended by dele-gatel of theNatal Indian Congren branchesfrom dlffereot pa~t& of the Pro­vince, passed resolutions pro,testing against the butlget ~~-----.~...~hich imosed hardships on the ,...,...,_ ,. /...,.,. ,. ,.,. " " ,...."_,,.lower income groups in ~ S .; u th MAHABHARATA \Arrien aud deals a cruel blow <

8y !\Ir. C. RoJagopnlnclwriat the Nou·EulopeaD·pctlple by

Tales from die great epic told ,increasiob the price of bread, with an artistry which preserves.the staple foorl. of ~bo peopl'I', the charm of the original epic.reiteratinll its request to the P 400 ., . - , . ages. Price 17 1 6"Governmen.t, to r ma~e J famlly I Obtainable From:allowances aVAilable to' the In_ (I d' 0 " , .. " , . . n Ian plOlon,dinn people;' endcrslng , the P Bag Ph •

, f h ffi' I • I d • ., oernx,action 0 tile C18 S ln a glDg Natal,'the Congress protest ~t the .'h~"'/../_"'I' ...',./'/_,6'" " ,_" ,~

mostly' supported the amusementpark were Indians who lost moneyon Ihe sideshows. Mr. F. Fland­ers said it was the Indians whowere particularly troublesome."If we could keep them in Iheirown area it would be a bet­ter ararngemenr," he added,A suggestion was made thatthe -show for ' nou-Europeansmight be operated ncar the beerhall at the lower end of the city,Mr. W. M. Anderson said: - "We

. have enough trouble down tbereas it is with the Natives, If thereis a large influx of Indians wewill have more trouble,"

OPINION, "

1 .f

THE CERTAINTY OF VICTORY

INDIAN., ' .certain terms their dissatisfactionwith the present arrangementsduring the amusement park'sseason. Mr. C. M. Forsyth saidhis experience of previous showswas that the Europeans werebeing driven OUt entirely by non­Europeans. "The: Park is simplyoverrun," he said, "and Euro­peans stay away as a result. Euro­peans are pushed aside by 'anelement which creeps in andwhich has an entire lack of cour­tesy. At present it is between 80and 90 per cent, a non-Europeanamusement park." he added. Mr.G. C. Jolliffe said the people who

By Mr. PATRICK DU NCAN

We are ' going to win becauseWE who will the liberation of

our country from its atro- we enshnne the future. One daydous injustices have a unique the inhabitants 'of our country arcprivilege. We belong to a move- going to form s unified economicment which is certain (50 fllr 29 system, and that day is not far off.human affairs can be certain) of We give political ' form to tbisultimate victory. When the pre"; economic fact. One day thesent phase is past the idea ' ~f a

I .. S h~Af . ' people of South Africa arc goingco our-caste society 10 out n- . . .ca will have become as extinct 2S to 1 be equal. cinzens of a greatthe dinosaur, and will seem its' -nation. Our all-embraclug .Southridiculous as the dodo. African nationalism eagerly . ac-

We are going to win; but ' the' cepts this idea" and each newmanner and time of our victory is recruit brings nearer , the day ofstill obscure to our eyes. . its realisation.

We are going to win, because Th' h h 11all the great liYing forces at work e time. as eome - ~ en. aamong men are on our side. Not who agree with us must dissociateone great force supports the idea themselves from die evils of theof a colour-caste society. present syste1}J.· The day will

We are going to win because come when all who are not witbwe have right on our side. It is us will be taken to be against U5

monstrous that a majority of our and the wise and the good willfellow-citlzens should be serfs in . , . .tb I d f hei b' h I see to It that when that day camele an o .t err Irt , ', pure y . ' .because of the colour" of their they arc where their true mterestsskin, and their consciences tell them to

We are going to .wi~ because in' stand. " I

the confusion of present day pcl i-tical thoughts we are possessed ofan unrelenting will-power, Slow- :4. I.C. COMf.11 TTEEIy, working over the years, this 'power of ours will polarise the 'atoms of our society. We knowwhere we are going, and we know 'how to get there, and we workfor our aim all the waking hours .of every day. Some of our 'opponents arc possessed with thewill to fight , but in the innermostrecesses of their hearts I detectthe pess imism of those who arefightin g merely to stave off defeat,like t~e German army after A1a- .mein a,nd Stallngrad, Distinguish- :ed visitors from abroad have toldme that all over Africa, during 'their interviews with white-supre- imacists, towards the end of the •discussions, there is a pause-aa psycho-analytical resistance-'then, always under ' a thousand !disguises the same question: i"How long do you thinti :we Ca~hold iti" ' f

Dr. Dadoo's Telegram ToMr. Golding

Dr. Y. M. Dadoo, forme r Pre­sident of the South Indiar Con­gress, has sent the following mes­sage to Mr . G. J. Golding, thePresident of the Coloured People'sNational Union, regarding the in­terview which the Prime Minister,Dr. D, F. Malan, has granted theC.P.N.U. on August 14, to dis­cuss the question of the ColouredFranchise: "The non-Europeanpeople consider Government'sproposal to remove the Colouredvoters from the common roll isan uojust and unwarranted depri­vation of the meagre franchiserights enicyed by them. Theystand unequivocally for full andequal franchise rights for allSouth Africans, irrespective ofrace, colour or sex. Any approachto the Government involving theremoval of the Coloured votersfrom the common roll will causebiller and wide-spread resent­JIlent and cannot but be regardedas a rank betrayal of the funda­mental interests and cause ofFreedom of the ten million op­pressed non-European people ofour land. In this fateful hourfor our country, I appeal to youto do nothing which will in anyway hamper or hinder the com­mon struggle of all our peoj.Ieagainst apartheid alavery and forFreedom and Un iversal HumanRights.

7th August, HS3

any train, tram, bus, vessel or air­craft used for the conveyance forreward or otherwise of membersof the public. The Bill providesthat the setting aside of amenitiesfor a particular race or class ofpersons may not be declared in­valid merely on the grounds thatno such amenities have similarlybeen reserved for the exclusiveuse of persons belonging to anyother class, or that the amenitiesso reserved fer persons beloningto .ny other race or class are notsubstantially similar to or of thesame character, standard, extentor quality as the amenities re­served fer another race or class ofpeo~le.-S.pa.

"'fl~rtheid Sought AtAmusement Parks

The City Council of Mari tz»burg had before it at its meetinglast week an application from theowner of an amusement park tobe allowed to operate fromI\~gust 28 to S eptember 12. Itwas decided, by eight votes tofopr, Ihat litis application. he:granted subject to au increasedrental of 10 guineas a day. and tocompletely separate facilities he­iog provided far ~ Eu rop eans andnon-Europeans. Councillors attbe meeting expressed in no uti-

, .1th August, I.si

. j 4Ft

\

, chi!

.IYew·· j,!c:lla flssurance(!otijpitny oCil11ifed

forFIRE; MARINE, LI~E, ACCIDENT

1919-1.95031 YEARS OF SUSTAINED PROGRESS

The conlldenee of. tho discerning Public In the Ni:W I NDIA Is amply evIdenced by the following records attained In 1949:Rs.· "1 . Rs• .

Firc Premium 1,70,31,179 ~ - Life Business in forceMarine Premium... 56,04,844 r excecd,... 54,34,00,000Miscellaneous Premium. 35,84,968 . ),' Assets exceed 15,36,00,000Life Premium 1,88,79,301:f Total claims paid over 17,95,00,000

In th'u vanguard of Indian Insuranco THE NEW INDIA offtlrs matchless Security and Servico in :III fields of Insurance.

EXPERIENCED.RELIABLEAGENTS

MAY APPLY

. The

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Diretto" r SorabJee RuslomJeeRU'Itom Jalbhoy Rustomjeo

Principal Controlling omC"" le the Union of South Africa

. Phone Nos: 2S84S,:r1807 & 2BSI3.-P.O. Box 1610.74 Victoria Street, DURBAN, NATAL.

"NEW INDIA IN THE SERVICE OF THE NATION"

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.. RUSTOMJEE" or.. NIASURANCE"

II£

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ClothinS mC\nufacfurersProprietor RAMBHAI D. PATEL

P.O. Box 110

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!1Jranc6:

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:Rlways in StockPiece Goods, Hosiery, Cutlery,Enamel~are,Stat lonery, Drapery,

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I

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7th Au Just, .1953 INDI~N QI!INION 487

By C. W. M. GELL

THE UPSURGE OF AFRIKANER NATIONALiSM

THE UNITED PARTY AND THE ELECTION

I J;oin/t to oblige by abolishing

THE emergence of two new it now or , by introducing pro­Opposition parties and the portioonl representation. In

widespread public debate tbey fact, it is almost certain thatbave occasioned are R chnllenge tbey will amend the electoralto .11 wbo oppose Nationalism laws in regard to delimitationl'to thinlll out clearly what they rolls etc. in order to render tbeIre fighting for. volkswil Itill more in~rrective;

Uoity is Dot exactly supreme nud they will increase ,ourwithin the ranks of triumphant disadvantage by eofranchhin~Nationalism. Republican rum. the klnderwll of the eighteen-.blinga and the mornl esracetoess year-clds,01 tbose who advocnte totnl Electoral manipulation apart,apartheid ar; the Nationalist tbe NaticDalist ehare of thegoal point to areas of conflict total vote is rising and, otherwhich even athoritndan CIUCUS things being equal, will con­rule cannot silcnce for ever. tinue to rise. II) tbe ~94B

But others cannot aflord to election the Nat.-~.P. coalitionwait Ior rift. in the Nntionalist obtained 33 per cent of thelate. The morrow of their most rCJ:istered electomte and -41.7Ibattering electoral defeat is per cent of the actual poll,lurely the time to consider This April by a combination :ofwhat Iesscns can be learnt from good orgauisafion and splendid'tbat distressiDg experiences enthusiasm the OppositionThilmeausdiscuniDg diflercnces turned out much more nearly 'openly anti honestly. For there its total possible vote ' tbani. a very real danger that, if in ~948.....hen it. Will ratbertbey now evade n rigorous re- too confident. It can lafely:examination of their principles be assumed tbat of the'bigberand policies, they will slow- percentage poll (87.8 per cently succumb to a creep- aguinst 78,9 in ~948-allow­

ing paralysis of tbeir will ances in all cases being made 'to resilt. If that ever happened, Ior unopposed returns) mo.t ofor even if in tbis hour of the ir tbe additional 9 per cent voter.comr-arative political impotence were Opposition voters. Eventhey were to relapse mto their $0 the NlItiOOl\]jllt vole rose toall too frequent apathy (more 39:2 of the registered electorateit Dog 'n dag and cUe!: clIl and 45 G of the actual poll.rte ItGm etc.), it would l.t' R Tbere is thus plain statitticalvery ill day for South Arrica. evidence of II sigDificant IIwin~

Welcoming, thuelorl', Ibe to tbe Nats ,even if the eliecl.'pretent debate at least ClJ n 01 delimitl\lion arc ignored.sign of the continued vitality 'l'here is every likelibood ibatof our oppDsition to Nntiocat- this swinlt will increasll withiam, let us loob liut to lhe tUD years. Apart from thepast Io~ the causes: of our pr~- possibility tbnt some tradi­seat dlScomforturc; .and tben , liDnally U.p. Afrikanerl maytry to deduce Irom 1~l; IrssoDS 'feel attracted to 10 obvioul1

. aad from an annl}"sls of the . succes,rnl an oxwagoo the r:Ifuture a political philosophy portion of Afrika~erl Pi:and st~ategy fo~ tbe hs.rd d~ys tb" European population ilthat. he ahead 10 a Na~lDnahst. rising. At the ~936 ceOlUI 56domInated Soull: Arnca. For per cent of tbl' Europeans re­the first l.esson IS that what corded Mril:aanl ns their homehappened 10 1948 ~as not (as llln~ualle; in ~95' (p-eliminarywe tbo~ght at the time) merely figures) tbi, had increased toall aec:ldent. Because of the G4 per cent. Since rome 70 permenlahty •of tbe party that cent of tbe Afrikaans com­thea obtal~ed po~cr, a new munity am Nationalist, theera opened In our hIstory, merr~ passage of time will, in

Of the several expll.nations the abscnce a largt.-~cale im­ofreu:d for tbe recenl defeat migration, wOlk 10 tbe Opposi• .molt prominence has been given tions's furtber disadvantageto the effects of delimitation Rod tbis inexorable procell. willDlhelting the U.P·s OVE rail be stimulated by tbe deliberate!Dajotity of the actual poll. indoctrination of the numerical­~ut tbis is clearly a wasting Iy preponderaot Afrikaan.luet. Whatever may be said youth. Out of the Bloeder-tbout tbe inequity of loadiu~ bDnd's total memberllhipIDder m.odern conditioo.s and of 3;469 recently ::1,939 werebe way-!t bas worked 10 tbe school teacbers and 356 pre­lellt, tbe Nationalisb arc nol' dikants,

marc notice of the reasonl ad­vancod against White immigra­tion: th9.t it would onlystrengthen liberal and "anna­sional" opinion without ," . ccur­in~ what ill precious to us-ourleadership, our way of lift', ourlanguage', culture and faith,"

Tbus with Nationali.t Afri.kanerl "like olet war bOrle.smelling blood when tbey beardtbe first IIhols of the electioncam;llli~n"nnd their bitter de­nunciation of 'renegade' Afd.Iilancn within U.P. ranki, weshould Dot have been 10 un­prepared for blood calling toblood with an insistence thatIIlilled "many ~cnuine doubt.about Iho High Court of ParU.­ment episode'. For tbe Natl arelen a political party thElD anation in arms-"rather povertyunder a Nalionol Governmentthan prosperity under anyother," The national exhil.ra.tion, fortified by religiOUI dOl'ma and scriptural sanctionw "ich ju,tify "Ibe chcsea" indegrees of electoral manipula­tion no ordinary political partywould be allowed, makes themImmune Irom venzeance of theirsupporters at the pollll forfnilure to solve the bread andb~ tter Issues of daily life.

Convinced that all Engli.h.IIpeakers and renegades, (nspiredby "the perfidiously misleadingU.P. and its press," rush to thepolls "out of barred of theAfrikaners nod everything Afri.kaans," Nationalists "unchainan ineradicable hatred in theirsouts:" and even where luchtremendous prejudice ill not atwork, "hloocl reaches out to­wards its own blood." LiteMacaulay'; lIoratius, whom ,they hava quoted, tbey Itandn~llinst the world, "facinR fear­ful odds far tho nihel of theirfaillers and ttll~ temples af theirgods." It is this fervent racialprido 01 a small nnd ilalatedp~aple that dislinguilhllt theNationalists from ordinary poli­tical parties.

For the preseDt NatiDDalill1are imperviou9 to rL!Elson and totbe si~Dificancll of eventll be­yond their limited horizonl.Their eyes are so firmly fil[ed onthe glorious future thnt awalt.sthe volk along the road of theirIlnce,tors wbich tbey have nowregained. tbat tbey cannot seethe very ground is opening be.neotb their feet. For it 'is ourtrBRedy and Soutb Africa',-andwill yet be thein-that luchsectional pntrioUSlD inevitablyarousel thll hostility 01 the re­maioing nine-tentb. of thepopulatioD. But for the mo­meDt we mUllt recogni.e thatAfri1:aner Nntionalism is un­as,ailable witbin n virtuallyall-European electorate. Almoltcertainly the proportion of non­Nationalists in the Afri~aoer

Nany U.P. political pundits.therefore, believe that theparty', only hope il to movefurther to the RiR'bt in order toWd for "floating" Afti~nanl

vote,. in the urban and peri>urban areas, Thil Will in fl\ctthe main U.P. ItrBteRY: only,it il now argued, it was notcarried far enough end in parfi­euler it laclred Afrikaans dailynew.paperl to put the U.P.yiew acr05l. I believe that thepractical Bnd financial dim­cullie. of launching a daily U,p.Afrilllaani presl are almost in­luperable. But even I this illnot 10, the strategy seem. to meto suffer from two major defectsthat . bave characterised allOpposition thought since ~94B:

a tendency to consider Whitepolitics in a vacuum unrelatedto the much wider and mo'reurgent racial idufli of our timeand a failure to appreciate thetrue nature of Afrikaner NIl- :tionaHlm.

I will deal with the firatpoint in later article,. As to'tbe seccnd, we all bave beenRuilly of lome degree of naivetl'.We bave, of course, recogn:.edthe Rreat emotional . Itrengthbehind the residual issuel ofthe Great Trek and the Boer ,War-the attitude recentlY ,ex-,pressed by a leller in , theAfri}aanl prell which regarded 'tbe Treaty of Vereeniging "asonly as armistice," But be­ing temperamentally moderate­minded, sbort-memcried and.forRivinR people, U.P. sap­porters, English and AfrilliaBD!I,have ima~ined that the potency ,of there lort of f1motions 'wasmore or lesl confined to tb ebac}veld aresll of the plattelond.In tbeir innocen'ce tbey thnuRhttbat the urbanised, educatedNatlonalist would tie Ilmenable I

to IIppeall to bill reAlOD Bnd in­te11iKence, tbat he would realile 'that the battle for tbe AtritaanllaOIlUB/l:ll lind culture WQS wonlong 8110, that be would there­fore be prepared 'to put . tbeinterestll of the ,White com,munity •• a whole before tboleof a 'iection of tbi. minority ofour population. Oppositionsupporters thus toolol with agood grace last year's re­feRncee to tbe Jameson Baidand a "Third South AfricanWar for freedom," since theNatlonalilt obviously had aneven wOrle cale on the ' coo.ltitutional ,isauel than ' hadRhode. -and ~ Milner for tbeiraggreSli~e imperialism. ButSenator Vermeuleo .truclt R '

banb.=r note with bis refusal '"'to allow "any court verdict 'to put our pany ca ita Itro~e­

we believe the Afrillsner peopleare lovereigD and that , our'oation' il baa•.'. This .mackedof Afrikaner 'ingohm. And we.hould be perhapi have taltl!n

PERSPECTIVELIBERAL

468 INDIAN g~J'N IQN 7th August, 1953

INCREASED PRICE OF BREAD

For Full P<trll'clIlars write to:

THE

BULLBRAND,FERT I L IZ ERS LTD.'

BONESWANTED

NATAL.

45,QQQ drunkards in ·the Uniontoday. , .

rA.higher tax on drink might

ma~e it unnecessary to increasethe price of bread. Coasumpticeof brandy in South Africa had

increased from 730,999 g'&l1ol1S

in 1938 to 2,999,999 gallons ioT945. In the same period con,sumption of beer and stout hBUincreased from 6,728,999 gaUoll.to T5,223,0<?9 gallons and coo.sumption of wine between 19.Hand 1950 had increased from

7,68',509 l:a11ons to n,-f0 l

gallons,

Every adult persson in SoulhAlrica excludiD~ Natives, badconsumed an overace of 20

l;allons of intoxicating l.quolin the year 1946,

The money spent on , tblSoutb African population 00 in·toxicating liquor in 19..6 111001

was £3J,926.9QQ, .

Mr. J, p. Cope (U.P, Part.town) is reported to have s:li~

pel was concerned about tblgrowing cost of natlonal ad­ministration. ~n Canada. whenthe standard of living was fourtimes as bigh as in tbe UnionI1nd tbe wages of tbe publieservant twice 111 bigb. tbe ex'penditure on administration wasonly J4 per cent. of the n!1tioDaliacome, In South AlriCIl it wa,17 per cent.

SARNIA,

We Pay£7 PER TONF.O.R. your

Station or Siding

BAGS RETURNED RAILAGE PAID

the price of bread in South Africawas lower than in otber countries.He .suggested tbat the wcrkersshould cat mcalie mcnl,'

, Dr, Malan Asked ToReconsider Bread PriceMes, Edith Benson. former

M,P, for Umbilo, last week senta telegram to tbe Prime Minis.ter strongly urging him to re­consider the increased prices forbread, especially the brown loaf,She said tbat tbe higher priceswould cause bardship to manyEuropean families. and manyColoureds and Nl'Iti.-es wouldface "semi.starvation," . Withmsalle meal at 41b. 6021. a H"meatie rice at 31b. Boz, a JS. andsamp 31b, T20Z. n T'.• there ?Terelno cbeap staple foods tbat couldbe substituted for bread, The:Minister of Health, Dr. Bremer.had always' emphasised] thatJnc~ of nutritious food WIlS theprimary cause of tuberculosisn mODb,Nntives an d Coloureds,High prices for cssenrial Ioodswould result in an increase inTB nnd tho victims of thisdisease would bnve to be caredfor by the Governmen t,

During the dlscussioa on thebudget in the Union House ofA9~embly Dr. P, J. Van Nierop(Nat. Monel Bay) is reporled toto have said. tbe abuse of liquorshould be Iltopped. It had beensaid that the State received lln

iocome of £8.909.999 from thesale of liquor but tbe Ministerof SociallWelJare hnd revenledtbat itl abuse COlt the Govetn­ment between £3Q,9Q':!,999 nnd£~o,999,oQQa year, There were

8M

ndJitional erpendltnrc of 76. Cdper month due to the riat' in till'price of bread,

In R sorvel completed in Decem­ber, 19~O, the IOBtitote(onnd tbatthe a.-erAge urban African fnmily­taken a3 five unita-fliccll an essen·tial minimom mo~thll e:tpenditore,of .£4 17e . 10d, greater than itstotal cssb income at tlle time.

"Farther snrvejs bad ' ~ndieatedthat the average f8mily conanmesone and a halt loaves of wbite breade!ch dlly, continues tbe bulletin,"For these then, the Increase DCexpenditure 00 tbis item will be78. Gd per month," •

Libaral ' P a r ty. The Liberal Pllrty is reported to

ban said in a statement, tbat theincrease in tbe prlee of bread couldooly be interpreted as a callonadisregard for the health and weHareor the people, The lower Income~roupll" pulicnlarly the non-Enro­~am, already contribote largoamoonls to Oovernment revenuethrough indirect taxes and Cllalom8ond elcie8 dnties. Sincll thcy aretbe poorestgroup In the commoolty,thcy lire di~proportionately bur.dencd by II fioancial policy wbichbtl! tlle cfJeQ~ or iocreasiDI; theprice OIl the ncccoitles of lire."

Church ProlestAt a meetin!; of the aclioa cern.

mlttee or tbe Obrialian Connoll otSooth Atrica (whicb represents allehorches elcept lbe Roman Catholicand the Dotcb ReCorml!d) Lllem:mbers agreed nnonimoally torecord theJr protest Ilgaiast the In·creasec.l price of bread, They re.carded ",his additlol1al bordeo en110 already over bardened peopl" asnothinlt ebort of disllelrons; lindhoped that cveD at . this late hourit woold be p08!ible to ralee thene«Uary monel witbont increasingthe necwitiell of Iile." Tho .Arcb.bia!lop01 Oapetown, the Malt RevG, n, C1altoa, pmided at tb~mC1:tiog.

HDvcnga's ReplyThe Cape lloasewivcll Leugue, 10

II statement blued aher 0. Ileputa.Lion had Interviewed the Ministeror !-'iullnC6, 8l1Y8. thll Mloleter re.fasec.l to aCCllpt a IJ'!tiUOD••Igoedbl 20,000 people, aaklng for aredaction In brclId pri::u lind tare!WI~b the MlnlBlcr was tho 8carc~la'1, Dr. D. U. Bl..Ilyo, "TheMinuter advisec.l tlJat p'1O(l11l .booldColt the cbeaper brown IJread," the '.t~~emcot 1!'l,I., ••..o,! uld th:l~

aggravated by two direct con­sequences of their nttitude: tbetevival of E "glish nationalismin Nahl and the emergence ' o(Black nationalism in oppositionto all form. of Wbite national­ism,

T II ERE UEl! been n ehcrna ofcppositlce agaiD~t the in­

cfFl19.d price of bread, Mr. GeorgeStent, former Secretary of the~utb Atri:nn NatioDal To~r~o.

IOlii Ae8OCi"Uon and now its polioy&ivi ~er, told the Press thit Mr,Ha,eDga had thrcwn a spanner iothe work for whioh the late Miois.t~r of Healtb had given his life,I n audio lalk ahortll before heIlied, D:. Karl Bremer, tbe lateMioi~ter or n '3lth and B;>eiafWelfare, had eaid tba~ the state ofO'll~rition or the I"wor Income groupsw~~·a mn~tQr of gun concern toall who I'l'ere eng3~ed in healthlin,]~e1rare work, Mr, S~nt pointedonto Now, by rui310g tuc price orbr ead, Mr, Havengn had endan~er.

I'J thp already maloonri3hed nnrltl.is co-ild ha\'e a direct beaelng onDny Increase in Tll . Had theG').-e-nm~nl raleed the price of\7hlte "read 'by 4d., abolished tbe5Jb3idr, and left Bremer bread n~

its fo~mer pricJ or. bJtter still.redned tbe price, thi~ woold have~cn II bdter IIctioll at a time wbenthe gen~r..ll rho lu ngetablea, food.~ tnrr~. m~al lind other ltem~ ofconlolI1ption V/aJ forcing people tobO without.

"The G')vcroment 8;lcnd morotb.n .£5,000,000 in sabaidies on'1\bite bread," continued Mr. Stw!.I,U tbls moncy had been epent ondimiuliog Til, it wonld haveLroQcM rCllnlte.

It wu certain, he aaid, that T Hcare work woald be handicapp~d

by the ri~e In bread .In econfction wltb the recent

damping of grapefrnit, Mr. SteQt.,id tL.1t tlli! WlU unforgivable.

"Wby W~ it not civen to Gov.e.amcnt ha-l'ilall or ia!titnlionsInj~fld of Ir.iog tbrown a1l"1A]?' hoal'nll.

lIn, Edith BJo~oo, former M.P,for UmbiIJ. 8eo~ III telegr.m to thol',im, Minuter e:n;>huidnit theImpo:lallce the l.1to !Jr, KarllJrtwer atta:hrd lo natrition, andI:r~iag lb3t tbe increale in lhebuad pti<:~, coupled witb the hIghc",t or o:ber ~nthl foud" wOaldpcobaL11 illcre,ue tLe incidence of'f 11 11':Id lell:lto atlrntion.

S. A. Institute or RilceRelAtions

Commenting oa the ailJitioa,,1tu ou Lre:u], th~ &loth AfricanIUJti:ule 1)1 It~1l n~1 &L!onll nl'llle Union', ~,')l1,:U3 orbilD Afri .c~u l.opul.& ~:oD.-",he Lllrl] ~a~ hitl ~ lL·· in :reiloJP"-Roo!tl 1I3v8 aa

community (if not their actualnumbers) will diminish and. asIar BS Afrikaans voters can besaid to "fl.,at" the drift i.away fr'om tbe Opposifioa.

And this uofortuDate aspectof our racial affairs will be

7th August. 1953 INDIAN OPINION 4S9

"b--- _~

P.O. Box 96. Phono 24471.

To Furnish Your Home Economic;JllySee

LALA BABHAI & CO. (prY.) LTD.Show Rooms At 107 Prince Edward St. & 70 Victoria St.

DURBAN. ~

~~J~

~~

Stockist: of;­NEW & RECONDmONED FURNITURI:: s: HOllS.. •HOLD EFFECI'S. RADIOS.t. RADIOGRAi\IS, xrusr.CAL INSTRUMENTS, SEWING MACHINFS .t O H1('EFURNITURE Ere.

Exporters and Commiuion Agents for Natal Fruit aridVegetables. We specialize in green ginger and IndianVegetables. Wholesale only. Write for partlculars

Box 96, Durban.Phone 23414.

Always Bettcr. Bettcr Always,~..Are Kapitan's 'Tempting

.Sweetmeats,, For nearly half a century we arc leading In the

manufacture of Quality Sweetmeats and Cakes.

TRY US FOR THE LATFST INDIAN RECORDS.

Address:

KAPITANS BALCONY HOTEL,(KORNER SWEJrrMEAT HOUSE)

. Cor~tr Grey aad Vldori. Slre_"

DURBAN.Tel. Add. 'KAPITANS."

_------------...-.....' ~'...."'-.~-__:- "'v .........-...._

.... ........,=='"""rz:::z::'-IS1.~....~c_ -.:.::__... ....."... ..

=ret. ;\odd: "eharota'C"

47, Commissioner Street,JOt:lANNESBURGv

YOUR GARDEN'S sUCCESS-Bc2ins with Good Seed

. Our Long Experience 15 your Guarantee

/ Try our F&II1oWl

IMPORTED & GOVT. CERTIFIEDVEGETABLE &. FLOWER SEEDS

AYllll3ble In Bulk and Packels

A. B. HAIDOO & SONS(Estnbllsbed 1917)

Stockists of:-GRAIN, FERTILIZER, HOES, Pl.OUGH PARTS,HARDWARE &: GROCERIES at Comp.Utlle PrlCW!l.

Phone 21213. Tel. Add.: "GREEN FEAST."145 Brook Street, DURBAN.

WE SELL ONLY ONE GRADE OF S£EDS-AUSOLUTI:LY THE BEST.

-

..,. t 1 ~'"' • - ~ - fi:lQ ep tcnc i ~'-J-':) .. .)~ . ~

MANCHESTER TRA~ h~~ Q~ ~~--co. LTD.·............... i:

ESTABLISHED 1923 ~~""'''''''''',....,~I\.,'"''\rr., ...''&.,'Ilw"....,'''...., ....,,...."\.~.., ....... "'-",.. ..... '"i .. ~ 11, '" " \. '

Wholesale Sort & Fancy Goods Mcrch antn .j11

-&- "Direct Importers. ~

'-",......,',....,"'''''''''''''''-,... ~I\"" ....''''''"'"\""'0",''," ......."'."1 , .", 'l.~ . .... ~ ~ 1. 'a.. "'lo" ~ ' ..'I L1

",J'.I

;;

...............:::asu::.s::n.....

Telegrams ·SOLANKI.'

P.O. Box 200,

Merchant & Direct Importer:;

Solanki & CO~

COPPERBELT PIONEER STOREWhere Quality and Servlco

I

are Paramount.

Extensive range always carvicd in Ithe following: ii

SIlks, Drapery, Toilets, Per­fumes. CurIos, Fashion Goodsand Jewellery, Wide Range ofIndian, Persian and Ch ineseCarpets.

Stockists of well-known brandedWatches.

Phone 5].M. J. PATEL.

LIFE INSURANCE

INTERNATIONAL SPORTS COMPANY

Importers & Exporters Be GeneralCommission Agents

tc Pcl\ing R~ad, Kawoon. HOnG Ko·nG.

Special atrentlon is paidto indent orders

Write To Us For Further Particulars.

Are you adequately insured?Have you provided for your depeudante I

Prepare for the futureLife Insurance gives peace of miod for the unlloo",n

future.

Insure with I THE OLD MUTUAL" your friend lor Li!e­1he S.A. Mutual Life Assurance Society, which u:u

best Bonus record in the WORLD.

Representative:- .

DAYABHAI PATELP.O. BOll: 1760.JOHANNESBURG.

.Pbonea.-} Duailleu 33·0711

• Reaideccc 33.5961 Luanshya, Northern Rhodesia.?' be

..... ..- ~~~'l.'f-.L~..t~ ......\~_...

490 INDIAN O~n~ION. 7th AUlust, .f5]

L. RAJKOOmAR (PTY.) LTD.14, CROSS STREET, DURBAN.

Funeral Directors and Manufacturers of all daN" . ofCoffins and Wreath.

Contractors to the INTERNATIONAL FUNERALCOMPANY, LIMITED. -

R~ OlJ'lce: 14 CROSS STREET, DlIRBAN

Country Orders for Coffins and Wreath.,accepted by phone and despatched by rail

at the shortest notice.

SHINGADIA STORES(Prop: PremIer Silk Bazau Ud.)

DIrm Importrn

Dr;Jpcry, Outntting, F:lncy Goodr,Orienbl Curios Etc. Etc.

P.O, Box III. UMTALI, S, Rhodesia.

Telegrams: ropremsilk" Phone: 2523.

PREMIER WHOLESPALERS(Membcn or lh. MIl.1bollllLlnd Wbol~lort Asllocl~t1ou)

Everything for the AfriC:ln Trade. Prints, Khaki,Calicos, Blankcu, Shoos & Fancy Goods.

PhoneDay 24169

PhonllNllht 133549

RHOD-INDIA LIMITEDExporten, Imporlen & MaDllractDrrn Represcetattres

Piece Goods, Hosiery, Jute Goods.

UAryan Mahal" 6th Floor,Plot 43, ue" Road,

Churchgate Reclamation,Cables ~"ndorhod." BOMBAY, INDIA.

P. O. BOX 1250.

15517 Warwic~ ~venue

DURBAN.

PhOIl nsn.Cable & Iel. Add.: "HARGYU",

P. HARGOVAN & CO.(PTY.) LTD.

"'\VHOLESALE MEROHANTSAND IMPORTERS....-..~._..-......~.~._.~ ..Prompt Attention:

Phono: 2S23/Extn I.

S. Rhodesia

P.O. Box 319.

UMTALI,

Enquiries Solicited.

-* APPETISING-

* DISTINCTIVENESS of Flavour,

* Combined with INGREDIENTS of thePUREST QUAL1TY go inro 11.e !noll.iDSof our SWEETMEATS.* l-hdt by our eXpU!1 whose Imowltd£c

and nptrirllCX 01 IIll: delicate art ofprrp.lrinf' tht,e: Oricnul DELICACIES.* A'.mre YOU of the mO.1 PALATABLESWEETMEATS money can buy .loywhere in SOUTII AFRICA.

'"'\'l (~~ 'o1.,HL 'H~IIo\" ;'l: "1.,u·n; I ~Jl ;'1

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* GrcJI care iJ cx.:r<:i,~J in the PACK1 NG andDI<;PATCHlrIG of couotry .lnd forti/:" order s.* WI: .l ~Sllrc: you of PROMPT, HYGENIC

.sr:nVICI: with the: GUARANTEE 01SATISFACTION.

II',· sp,·rirt!i'l'- in :Birthday Cake., Wtlddlng Caker. Hllh CIa..

Fruit CakClI, P;utrllll, and Naan etc.

(Cnr: Grey & VIctoria Street••)

Phone 24965 DURBAN.

4"

The only point about thl.aocount or Peter Evou. I. toshow what a man III up OllllnitIf he trlea to expose the trutb InKenra •

Nothing leu than a ]auioial• enquiry, condaole<1 by a Oom­

misiion appolntell In I.ondoD(not by the Kllnya Government)wilt enable us to know the truth-

That alone will inlplrll oon­fidenoe ond encourage lawYllrlwho know tbe taots to leadevldenoe, or the terrified Klkn­yus lo offer it.

Tbat alone will cheok thelawless aollvlties of the WhltoMan Man.

was DOt their fault, he uid-theyalood to 10le their maio trade byDerving tbe oocaslonal non"European. The thing oould onlrbo taakled br leflillatlon. Heenn put a 038e for the reltrlo­Uons whloh (In effeot) prBTentAfrloans In Kenrs from arowlngooffee. And he said it WI' DOuse blaming the aeUleri in theKPR for prll.ol\stnR lynoh-Iaw:they were as muob vlotima oftheir environment B' Inybodyelse.

r menlton these thing. to showwhat kind of a man Peter Evanl18.

He showed me a lot of hi.evldenoe and told me of manyotber oasea he bad intended toinl'e~t!:r!'te.

I m et :CH.ns openly ond real­tsed that I could :lot I:.:l";v ntnrnto Konya. I should be a mer1::odmaa nnd regarded Ill! hi ..."emillllary" in NairobI.

How intereated oertain peoplewere in Peter Evans WII dra­matioally illustrated .hortly aftermy arrival.

Not having an offioe of hi.own in Moshi, Evans Will ullingthat of Dudley Thompson. aWest Indian lawyer who hadhimoelf played a part In KikuyuoaseS6 Two daYl after my arrivalEvans met me with the newlthat Thomplou's offioe had beenbroken into during the nlgbt.The "burglau" had used a dDpll­eate key. bad apparently atolennothing of value but bad busledthemselves with the papera...The Job had been done olnmlll,.,leaving many obvions trao!.

I had Innch lhat day wllhPeter at the KllimanJaro HotelWhile we were having coffe ODthe verandah the Superintendentof Police Dame up 10 .peak tomy companion-.romething to dowith tbe deportation order,whioh was to take effeot 8S .oones a berth oould be oblained torhim. Evans oomplalned of inter­fereuoe with his mail. whloh WII

helDa opened Bnd delayed. TheBuperintenueDt did not oonfirmthis faot. but neither did hitdeny it.

The Way To Confidence

Dangerous TrafficIt was interpreted aa "sedition"

and Evans was expelled on thispretext, Odede being interned­apparenttr for listening to suoh

•an outrageoull Idea.But to the few lawyers who

had-dared to deal in sooh danRer­ous traffio the meaning seemellall too olear. One lawyer waseven unofficially wo.rned br thepolioe that he was "high on thelist."

I begged lhpm to let mo ueetb e .ma~eria1 tbey had aooumu­lated, or 8\ Ipaat some of. it; butthey were quite dstermmed totake no chanoes- They wouldnot faoe ruin witb no hope ofaohieving anything at all.

Peter Evans had gone toMoshi, in Tanganyika. Sadllenlythere came the newa that he hadnow been orllered to leaveTanganyika territory.

Was it beoause Moshi was toooaovententlr near to Nairobi-atew boUts' Ilrlve aoross theborder?Meeting With Peter Evans

I ont sbort my stay in Nairobiand orossed the border, aCraidthat Evane might be deportedbefore I oould rBaoh him. Wemet the same day. As DSDal ioBuoh casell, the man had beendnbbed a "OommnniaV' 1 founllbim eurprlalogly moderate.

We di,olll8ed many thlnRs andI recall bla defenoe of proprlet­orll 'Of "oolour bar" hotels. It

DI!I~IOM

not have anUotpated-aml ~texplalnB why the ovi<1enoe 11

plUng np and 110 Ullie ill beingdone abont It. Not long beforeI arrived In Kenya Mr. Peter

'fhere are lawyers who have \ Evans, an Eoglish barrister thendetailll of mllny onpleasant Ollies praotislng In Nairobi, unearthed-alleged murders 'and beatings, several of these oases of slleged00 the Bla£'k and Tan model. murd':lr. Whlle he was nUllThe m:ulIlve filea are Imprel8lve; working on tbe otber oasell hebut nobo<1y imaglnell they reo prelente<1 the evltlenoe of ODepresent more than II. small case to the Governor of Kenyo,fraotion of the total. Bsldng for 11 full enquiry.

A man who has been illegally I have leen a oopy of thatflogged by the representativea of evidenoe and it is about as com­law and order will think twioe plete and damning as any evi­before he risks a repetition (or denoe eould be.something WOrJIe) by complaln- The Governor's reply was to .ing. A dead man will tell no order Peter Evans out of Kenratales and his relativel may fear and no more hall been heard ofto share his fate. If only one- the calO.

tenth of the allegations rhould SIr Evelrn Barlnl: did notturn out to be troe tne oas~ .nMtfl.,~!lY·lItiy that Evan6 '~3

against the Government woulu t~ go baeanae he had his handsbe a heavy one-and from my on three or four OSBIlS of alienedreading of the affidavits I should murder by . the police. Inato:J.dlay there ill more fire than that the . Government oited a con­in the smoke. versation lIupposed to have taken

Theu why isr. 't something plaoe between Evans and Odededone about it? -one of the few Afriean mem-

That, too, has Ita explanatioD. bBrll of the Legislativo Oounoil•And it i. not a reassuring one. Odede is a Lno from Oentral

At leaot three of the OllSBa ot Nyaozs; and Evans IlPparontlywhioh r saw the evidenoe Indl- auggested to him that it was acated that Ooloael Grogan's pity the Lno were goinrz to workpolloy of connter-terror was for Europeans who had drivenbeing interpreted in B llberal the Kikuyu from their tarmll.manner by members of the KPR. In ahort, he advised agaiostIn thelle three easea the point in "blaok-Iegginl:/."common W3S that Africans weresaid to have been killed iu ' thepresence of others; thus therewas an illegal exeoution withthe cerlllinty that it would bereported and strike terror amongtheir fellows.

(Oeoll Rhodes, whoso memoryis now being oelebrated In a bigway in the Rhodesias, openlyadvooated verS' similar taotics.)

It may seem hard to believeIIUOh a thing. Barelr. you willBaY. it woold be too risky. r p er­haps it was: I hope it will proveto have been.

Dnt angry men do not alwaysweiRb risks. Anrl what, after all.'wonld the risks amount to?

Firstly, there wonld be theotrDng probability that those whoknew and even saw would betoo terrified to oomplain to theauthoritlea.

Ne3:t there would be the Im­probability of their being be­lIevod.

ThIrdly, the improbablUty ofan offioial onql1iry.

FOl1rtbly. the ohanoe that anllnql1lry oondl1oted by tbe Gov­ernment, If things went that far.woald be a wbite·washing btlli­nels-Government prestige beingheavlly Involved.

An<1 finally tbere ill the Tlrtualoertainty-eapeoially at euch atime as this-that DO Europeanlettler will be oonvloted ofmnrderlng a Klkuyu.by a settler.'Iury.

But there Is now another safe­guard whloh even a IeJtle~, might

(Continued from jront page)

7th August t 1953 IN D , If. N

STARTLING STORY OF MAU ·MAU·

Now to turn to tbe Euro'peanletUer. He firmly believes in his .luperiority. His grl'Rt intere,ts,too. lire at IIlake. Both are chal- ·lenllell. In this war-rnthless,.like aU waTS to<1ay, sparing none.

Be leel. al some people felt.10 Britain-an<1 In Germanr­when tbey looked at the murder­done by bombs, He il not likely'to remain a reBlonabl8 person.U you donbt that. read tho letter.whloh many Europeans write toKenya papers or lioten to oasualOOI1VllrlBtlonl. Hatred. fear. self­ioterellt and tbe desire tor reonnge are the worst enemle. ofrealOn,

Counter-TerrorBome months ago old Oolonel

Gropn said in the LegirlativeOounoil that the Governmenl,bonld ."ta1ce a hundred 01 ther..olls .... bang seme of them infront of the olherl and send the•unbora home to their "m8gell~

It wal an open deolaration of a.oounler-terror polioy.

"Make no mistake," said oneEuropean to me, "Grogan Barswhat others think but don't sayIn ·L,goo.' Don't think Groganis just a Joke."

And thll evidenoe is pmn~ upthat Groiau's polioy is beingunoffioially Implemented. es­peoWly by the Kenra PoliceRHene. European lIettlers an(llIettlers' son8, with arms nnd a veryfreo haud to Dse them, they arethe object of more terror todaythan the Mau Mou itself. Theterror is oalted "The White MauMeu" by manr Afrioans. .

Unaer the IIbadow of thill. nouble terror It is hord to get the

truth about anything in theKlkuyo DOuntry. I waa fre­quen\ly warned of the dauger Ioould bring to KlkDyns bymootinR them oponlr· When,tbrDDll:h tbe help of friends, Ieventually did meet them Ibeard innnmerable I!tories ofpolice brutality.

The looal polioe superintend­enl, a "regular." is generallr(but nol alwaYll) e3:oneratell . Bnthe OliDnot be everywhere at onoe .Patrols of KPR men go an<1o~me. They regard as an enemyany Kikuyu known to be a•upporter of the Kenra AfrioanUnlou-now banne<1 after theralture to kill it by arresting Italeaden.

For an A.frio~n even to beeducated Is to be suspeot."Wby," aaked one Klkurupointedly. "Is it nearly alwsysthe ednoaled Afria~nll who ' fallto boll when challenged by apatrol and are IIhot dead?" Shotdead, no\loe: the morksmao,hipof th~·. KPR is susplolous1raOClQrate.

492 IND1A~ o~rNION7th August, I~J

Child Welfare SocietyThe twenty-filth (lnnu'll

J:coeral mef'tin~ 01 the Durt,nIndian Child W('lInr e SocietyWIU be1el at 51. Anthony'~ Hall,Durbal', Ion ~alurd'r, July ::15Mr. G. Christopher, Ibe tlolirinl(honorary .ecrelary, i n ber Dn.nual report said that durioll:195:1 the society dC:l1t with::1]8 IAmihes where tbere WDS

"disort;anisation and dhcord."Altogether 7 r9 children wereinyoivecl. .. Ihese fi£ures oolyreveal lbe .eriousness of thisproblem whtn it is recoltoisedthat it is ooly one io nerynine cll.e. Ihat come for a•..i.lAn,:e to an ntellCY sucb IIIou"," C:ut. inv~tig"ted t,ythe sod--ty revealed tbe env­Dges DI alcoholisw. poor anti "inadequate lIou,in~, povertyIlod fut declining moral valuo!9.

A Nation Builder At Work-By Pjnrclal 1(1

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Sa\yngr:lhn _In B.A.-By M. K. Gandhi 16/.

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I Tho lupervision 01 Govern.ment mnioteoance ~rants en­tails the mnio buIlD 01 OlIr worlonoel remaios our mOllt importantresponsibility," soid Mn. Chri.·topher. She IDid the Dumber 01cDocellatioos nod reductiooll of~lI:islio~ grants nod the rejectiono[ many new applicatioDs oftenseemed to indicate that the verypurpo:c of ~rnn" was being.delenled. "In addition to p­

Lonus of lSI. the maximumgrDot paid to h:diao fllmilie'remaio' £5 15f. n month, 5s.leu th:ln that provided tor intue re~uIDlion~, whetber therente thre!', [our or ei~ht c~i1drtn

in nle tamily." LInt JeBr, 2STnew m:lintennnce IIranled ca,eswtre rer.hlered. In all, l.875familiu with G,J 15 cbildrtnwere supervised.

nntt-Governmeat, which Is va­rioosly interpreted as Man ¥au"sympathy" or "sitting on theIence-"

It is this majority. mosUy sup­porters of the Kenya AfricanUnion, whioh is the object ofpo11oe terrorism.

It is snspect, And to be Boa­peoted is, In a semor's eyes, toooften regarded 88 equlvnlent tobeing tonnd goUty. Hence theLsw Sooiety i.n Nairobi recenUyhad to pnbli~h an apologia evenlor lawyers· accepting briefs totlefend KiknyoB charged with.Man Mall aotivttiea.

Moral Standards InDecline

In every commonlty there Is,nt:!!.s'~I.nn~a1:i"1 It v.;.J~!.:1 ·· . per­oantaRa of sadists. Give themarms and lin atmosphere snob 88exists In Kenya today, and youare expecUng a mlranle if yondon't antlolpato brutality andmurder,

Even the 'Ell8tern AfrioanStondard,' De far baok liB April24, epoke of thc" wide.pread811egllt!on8 of police brutalitynnd &ald: "We have no reason­able doubt that in the gatheringot ovidenoe methods have beenused which cannot be condonedor tolerated."

That was potllng the maUervery mildly, And the tondenoyhas been, throughout the emer­genoy-by all accounta that Ihave heard-for moral elandardato deterf orate aiaadlty. Whatelse would yon expect?

The veneer of olvillnUon hasbeen stripped from too m'ln:> 0

tho notors-r-white and black-r-Ialbb hamlin trJgedy ot thoKlknyu oonntry.-'WRI NewsServioo.'

L'Jok aRaln ollhose figures lIud:\sk yoursolf: how do we knowIhat all, or even moat, of thoseodmilteclly klllod by polloe andmilitary were rea,lly terroriats?How do we know that all thedeaths ascribed to the Man Maowere really their work? Howdo we l:now-wilh sncb gll\ringdisorepauoies in tho fiRUrea-tbntthey are even II complete recor'}?

I should hqve liked to discussthis whole matter with SooilDlxon, of the Kenya ChristinnCouncil, but be was ill when IW3!l iu Nairobi lind there seemed10 be nobody else that I knew'of capable of lakin~ it np from\l,e Ohrlsli:m lingle. ,T he jobneeds slllln!, courage nnd In­tOIlTity-lhrce thlnga not lIIwllysfonnu In combinotion.

In.U;!H-lI:e1o·I hl1ve Baid 'lIttle'abont the Dl~cl: :Unn MAn simplybecause overs-body has heard somocb abont them already, Iwould like to have met some otlh('l M1Bsion Oonverts who beld001 bravely al!atos~ :Mon Mnnintimidation, also reCusing to ·defentl tbemsel vee. Bot 1 couldnot get in toooh with the veryfew wh08\! names 1 knew.

What I dill discover was theolearest Indicatlon lhat the li:pninspired mnoh Rre3tcr terror tbantbe orl, Inal ,Jan 11130 Hsel!.. ,

And H Is not diffiooll to seewby. '1'be ~I3u MEln nllaokEorope:loa lind the minority o[

Ahlo3ns who sldo with theGovernment: nlsn-r-an sovor!'loocuious-thoy have throatonedor attnnked Cllfistlllns of thoMission Ohurches,

Dot tho Rre:lt mJjorily ofli:lknyos are not, enroly, olther(Iovernmoot Bupporteru or Mis'ijlou Oonverls Without supporl­iOIl MEla Man lhey lire probably

•......••......•.........•••••••.. ~ ~..,7th August, 195] INDIAN O~INION 493

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difficult 10 recall a sin!:le im­portant reform introduced IS I

rcsylt of the good ::advice: ::annuallytendered by tbi. "advisory" body.No wonder that a grim sense offrustration gripped its membenby 1946 wben tbe war-time pro­mises still remained unfulfilled.Their moderate programme ofparticular reforms then yieldedplace to a general demand tbatthc Government abandon ueialdiscrimination in principle audbegin to grant those basic humiDrights of which the Charter of tbeUnited Nationl bad spoken 10

firmly. The immediate occ.lIiQf1for tbis highly silDifieaDt changewall' the great strike of blac:kminers OD the Rand iu August1946 when the Council happeaedto be in session. Councillors wereangered by the hostile attitudedisplayed by everyone in author­ity from Smuts, the Prime MiniJ­ter, downwards, to tbe demands oftbe miners, and by the flat refunleven to open negotiations. withthem.

Smuts did, however, aense th.cbange iu tbe minds of ihe .'.Afri·C2n leaden now united In theirattitude to white audiority. Latein 1947 he met some of thecouncillors. He offered to ex­tend the scope of, and even gTlntcertain limited powers to thlNative Representative Counciland other subordinate ccuneils.(Rand Dally Mail,' 14th October1947). But this cautious andcomplicated plan of reform, lack­ing in imagination and ebscure indetail, promised too little aud it~me too late.

'. In.. statesmanlike analysia oEthe impasse. the main body efceuneillors rejected his rathernebulous proposals.

, "In our view," laid the Coun­cil iu ita reply, "what is requiredis ;I policy which will give dieAfrican people a sense of securityin the laud of their birth, a policywhich is flexible and can bereadily adapted to changing con­ditions and varying circumstancClin short :I policy wbich recogai:eathat MricaD5 arc citizens of tbiscountry lind net things apart.

. " ......General Smuts'ipropoulsdo not go to the root of the mat­ter in disPute between the COWl­cil :lnd the Government. Themain submissiod of the Gouncilhas been, and continues to be,that the ~conditions of modernAfrican Iif~ demaud :I reorienta­tion of the wbole of our nativepolicy and not a mere tinkeringwith the framework of our exist­ing native policy.

"It seems necessary to repeltthe principal defects of our. pre-sent native policy: , . •. (:I) It docs, Dot safcgll:ml. ' thelegilim:1te rights of the Afric;:mpeople-in any aspect of their life.

(b) It hold. out no hope to

certain rights, including the com­mon franchise, to Africans. After1933 Smuts and his party joinedHertzog with this fusion of parties,

I it became clear that the National­goal W OlS in sight. The year be­fore it was reached, with the

into "an African nation" 'to passage of the legislation of 1936,achieve political progress. The the African National Congress it­Educated Africans had been hurt self attained a new level of organi­and disappointed by the colour sation :JOd influence. Its confer­bar inserted in 1909 in the con- ence, held as usual in Bloem­stitution of the new Union of fontein, in 1935, was significantlySouth Africa,:1 bar that to this attended by some Coloured andday excludes them on racial Indian political figures. Theirgrounds from ever becoming presence was not unwelcome tomembers of Parliament. the new generation of African

In the year after the Congress leaders, men with a better eduea­had been born, the Union Parlia- tion and a stronger sense of poll­ment, a:l if to stimulate the infant tical purpose than the early lead­movement, laid upon all Africans ers, But opinion was now seri­the first of many heavy legal dis- ously divided between two schoolsabilities. The Land Act of 1913 of thought. The older one, be­prohibited Africans from acquir- Iieving that half a loaf is alwaysing land outside certain very better than no bread, was rudylimited areas. Parliament thus pre- to bargain with the Governmentseated Congress with a grievance 'in the hope that a "moderate"as deep and wide in its incidence attitude of compromise wouldas any that could have been save some kind of rights for theimagined. To tho day the ardent future from the wreckage of pastdesire for more land ranklel in hopes. Those who held this viewthe Mrican mind, remaining one :were faced with sharp criticismof the basic causes of popular from the opposite school ofresentment against white rule. thought which, rejecting com-

To protest against the Land promise as :cowardice, advocatedAct a deputation of African lead- non-collaboration with any officialers went to Londca in 1914. As plan of "reform" and proposedDominion statui was a eoncep- to boycott any new political insti­tion that emerged only at the end tutions [established WIder it forof the first world war, there w;u the ~Ueged benefit of African!.at that time perhaps some ground Indian and Cape Coloured spokes­for hoping that Britain could and ,_men especially were heard takingwould influence the native policy this line, new to AfriC3IlS, ~th

of the Union. The deputation much force of argument and WIthincluded Dr. Dube Dr. W. Bi fierce invective against - thoseRubusana (who bad' been elected "good boys" or timid spirits whoa member of the first Cape Pro- could still contemplate negotia!iol1,vincial Council, the only African with Hertzog .and ultimately ac­ever to attain ' this distlnerien), ceptance of his ~a!or p:oposaI;.aud Sol. T. Plaarie, the writer. 'The uncompromrsmg view didWar broke out while the deputa- net carry the day, but it made ation was in Britain and interrupt- lasting impression and began tocd iu mission. Mter the war, split the ranks of Congress.however, a second deputation was Under the new law, the Nativesent with .the l:I~e object. It may Representative Council operatedt:e no~ed 10 passing tbat at t?at for ten years from 1937. Duringnme, In 1919, another deputation th at period, the obvious Mricanalso sought relief from Britain, leaders were nearly all elected toIt ~usi:ted .of leading Afrikatler it by popular vote. Sclope Therna,nationalists 10 quest of are· Dube Godlo Masaka Championpublic independent of the Crown.) and l;ter M~roka, ~tthews :lndAlready th~ ~b:lpe of .tbings to others all played a prominentcome was VISible: ~fr!cans were part in its proceedings; and byready to appeal to opimcn abroad their side were leading tribalag:tinst the Government of their chiefs nomin;lted to scats on theown country. Many years later, Council by the Government.after a second world war, Africans Patiently, year after year, tbeC:1me to look au world .opiuiou Council, under the chairmausbipas a source of strength 10 their of the permanent Secretary forstruggle for those hum:lll rigbts Native Affairs beard speeches and

. declared .by tbe United Nations passed resolutions calling forto be dcslrable for all people. necessary reforms in every sphere

In 1924 Hert::og became Prime of native policy and administra­Minister with the first Natioualist tion. Itl discussiollS reached aGovernment. Thereafter Africans level of debate in many respectswere supplied with plenty of fuel more creditable than tba~ normalto keep 3live the smouldering firCli in the. hOI~e of Assembly, IS

of diltontel1t. For the next do::en observers could teslify. But allyea~ Hertzog pursued his avowed the ' eloquent words and reasou­aim of putting all.end to the Capt able proposals were wasted ou theliberal tradition which had allowed deaf catS of tbe autborities. It 11

tHE campaign of passive ' resist-ance ::against UDjust laws sur­

prised everyone in 1952 by itsIUtceSS. Before it began no one,Dot even its organisers, wouldbave' predicted with confidencetbat 'it would attract such tre­mendcus interest and lupport.This fact itself shows once againbow white people tend to under­rate the volume and depth offeeline that moves non-whites,and how they also underrate theIteady purpose and persistencethat lie behind rather weak poli­tical organisation.

The illusion that white supre­macy in South Africa is ,destinedto prevail for ever and 101 day isfostered iu maoy ways. One ofthe: worst is the attjtude to non­white organisations of the dailynewspapers which provide theareat m:ljority of white peoplewith their sole source of pcliticalinformation. The press neverreports the speeches or activitiesof non-white leaders in :lny ade­quate fashion , and least. of ;111when these have a constructiveand statesmanlike tone. Any wildremarks or any noisy disturbancelire sure of emphatic headlines.But no paper in South Africa,whether among the English dailiessupporting the United Party orthe Afrikaans dailies supportingtbe Nationalists, ever gives itsreaders intelligible accounts of thegrowth of the movement thatreached its first climax in 1952,or any rational assessment of itsstrength and weakness.

Yet tbe movement that cul­minated last year in tbe defiancecampaigu was neither new norsudden. Both the African Na­tional Congress and the SouthAfriC:1n Indian Congress havecarried on tbeir work Jor manyyears. Since the records of theirgrowth and emergence into 1010·

turity are SC3Uty, it may be usefulto set down an outlioe of theirpast.

The Africau National Congressw;s started as far back as ]:lnuary1912 by four African lawyers wbobid returned to tbe Union afterstudying abro.:ld. The founders .were Dr. P. ko I. Seme (wbo wasconnected with tbe rOy:ll bousein Swa::iul1d, :lnd wbo died in1951), Alfred Mangena, G. D.Montsi03, and R. W. Msimaog.Dr. Seme ,,:IS apparently rheprime mover iu the matter andhe is regarded as "the fatber ofCongress," ;1ltbough its first pre­sident was Rev. J. L. Dude, bteprincipal and founder of theObbngc Trainiog In~titution inNatal. Tbe aim was to unitetbe various Bantu-spe:lking tribes

1th August, 19si I N b 1*N b ~ I N ION

THE RISE OF CONGRESS IN SOUTH AFRICA

The Prime Mini'ltr'S RlCeption /0 M,mb", oj the ever"t Expedition-Prime Mmillu's Ilouu:New Dellri-jun, 28, 1053.

Mr. Ten:ing Norkay, Mrs. Ten.=ing and their dough''', Ivith tire Primc M inistrr, Mr, j(/wo}zur.lal N,hru, at th, RIClption.-F.R.

Of!INION

VERWOERD AND LUTHULI

.'

· r'

7th Augast, 1953. .. . ~

altered. 10 the East and in p:lrblof Afrtca. the indigenous . .p~oplewere being given their rigbts andopinion was against racial andcolour ·d iscri min:ttion.

In our own country economicintegration was almost complete.New forces were operating. In­stead of accepting these universaltrends and these hard f:acts, ' theauthorities went against them.A:; we write more laws' :irebeing prepared on the old pal-

, Itern.

Luthuli is guided by these tre­nds, facts and inexorable laws.Time and history.are on his side.To ban bim does affect tbe posi­tion and the truth, And as :.weS3Y, time and history will notonly justify, but' will':!canonisehim "

..

Traul, 1ImtraDce & General A<:~nt

DHIRUBHAI P. NAIK

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withmaay European organisationsand has lectured witb great sue­cuss to wbite audiences on ourproblems. It is nothing that fortn4ny years-as Dr. Verwoerdhimself admits-Congress andother leaders have sent numerousdeputations to tbe authorities,and made m:any requests by re­solutions, pleading for co-opera­tion.

Far from these requests beingmet, more discrimieatcry lawswere passed. Of recent yearsthere were many upheavals in theform of strikes, riots, etc. Mousing:and other conditions deteriorated.Not even the notorious Pass lawlwould be relaxed. The N.R.C.ceased to function. Wbile thiswas happening world attitude toquestions of race and colour had

INDIAN

(To be Gtmtinued)

schemes intended for them cansucceed:' ('Rand Daily Mail', 4thNovember 1947) •

Even at this stage, however, theCouncil did not demand anythinglike equal citizenship or fullequality with Europeans. It wasstill content to reiterate its mainearlier proposal, the extension tothe northern provinces of thelimited communal system of poli­tical representation prevailing inthe Cape province. But on thisvital aspect of change Smuts mssilent. The Council's argumentswere addressed to men with deafcars, men already pre-cccupiedwith the exigencies of the commggeneral election.

for the wrong he bas done, bisreinstatement migbt be con­sidered. In other words Lutbulimust betray the trust of thewhole AfriC:ln Race and go bollin band begging for forgivenessfor having been sane and boldenough to seck buman and de­mocratic rights for his people inrbe country of their birth.

It is nothing that Luthulihas been :a leading member oftbe American BOJrd of Missionsand of the Christian Council ofSoutb Africa and th:at when bewent to India and to the UnitedStates be proved an outstandingambassador of his country. It isnothing that he was connected

"Busy Bee" writes in Ilanga :'case Natal', an African journal!DR. H. F. VERW~ERD, ~he

M inister of Native Aff;urs,bas given bis judgment on Mr..A: .J. Lutbuli, tbe President­General of the AfriC2n NationalCongress. The judgment reve:alsimpatience, arrogance and s totaldisregard of what is happeningin South ~£ric:a, in other partsof the world, and of the historyof human societies.

Dr, Ver woerd admits that formany years Mr. Luthuli was re­garded as a modcrate leader ofhis pcople. But he fails to tcllthe world what ccncessions the:authorities m:adc-what onesimple thing the Government did-to show its appreci:llioo forthis "moderatc" leadership or toimprove the. lot of the masses,Nor does Dr. Verwoerd explainthe "miracle" why moderateleaders have suddenly becomewhat he reg3rds.1' exrremists.

Dr. Verwoerd lightly dismissesthe head of the IC:lding Afric:anpolitical org:lois:llioa .spukingfor 8 millien S-:lutb AfrlC2ll.S, anorg:anis:ation whose Ieaders aresome c£ the grutest namee amongNon . Europe:aI13, and which h~

been regJrdcd even by cbiefs :IStbeir mouthpiece. It shows con­tempt for all tbe Afric:an peoplefor whom Dr, Verwoerd 's Depart­ment is supp03cd 10 cater, The\-cry bet th ;;U the voluntarydelunce omp:lign sbowed thepower and influence oC Con ere"among tbe mUleS :III over rhec:cunt!y, shoulcJ have made theauthoritie, pause and think. Eightmillion peopk cannct be wrongaor CHI they be suppressed :11­w:lys by :uti licul bVis no rD3lterbow dr:lllic. Yet Dr. Verwoerdgys Lurhuh choae rhe wrongp~tb. spoke in such a W"'J tb.1tthe Depulmcnt Iud to ukeeotice of it. and that if he mendsbil wayl aDd shows rCiret

tbem of a possible cbange for thebetter in the foreseeable future.. (c) It is not calculated to in­

tegrate the Afrit::1n people intotbe general life of tbe country.On tb e con trary, it is bas ed onthe principles of permanent sepa­ratism, which engenders a spiritof honility and racial bitternessbetween black and white, and asagainst that of mutual co-opera­tion in the interest of both sec­tions of the country as a whole.

(d) It is undermining tbe con­fidence of the African people inthe Government of the country

'and is making increasingly im­possible that collaboration be­tween the Government, on theone hand, and the African people,00 the other, without wbich no

,

7th August. 195:1, , . INDIAN ,OPINION, , 497

BOOKS FOR SALEGANDHIANA-D. G. Deabpandc-(A llibliogrnphy or

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NON.VIOLENOE IN PEACE AND WARNol, I.-M. K. Gandbi Hi 0

NON.VIOLENCE IN PEACE AND WARVol. lI-M. K. Gandbi l'1 0

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WHY CRIPPSFAU,ED (Documented account Irom IUoIndian N!llionali~tpoint of view)-M. Sabmhm'.ln,.Yan 2

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THES'1'ORY O~' MY EXPERIMEN1'g wrru TRUrn-l\f. K. Gandhi 15

OIIRIS1'lAN MISSIONS IN INDIA(Tl. eir placo in Indi ll)-M. K. GundLi

RAltI.ANAl\lA.-l\I. K, Gandhi . \

TOWARDS NON.VrqLENT SOCIAI,lS:\{ •• I " ,-"-1.[' K. Gandhi

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BMNIENT AMERICANS WHOM INDIA ,

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THE BllAGAVAD GITA-The Lord's Song""':(An English Trllnslation)-Annie Bessnt

WHAT IS WRONG WIT~ INDIAN EC~~OMICT.IFE?__ -Dr. V. K. It V. Rao

OUR INDIA (Ohlldren'e atoriee by'various writcrH, illnstrated)

I : "-Minoo MllP.ani

COTTAGE INDUSTRIES AND THEIR RpLE IN. . • INDIAN ECONOM7{-Prof. Ituo

GOLDEN NU,M~BR ~F "INDIAN OPINION",llJ14(S?uvenir o[ the I'M2i;lc Rc.:aiEilencc Movemcnt

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THE DELIVERANCg (A picture of tba palpitating lifo.. of tho joint. f:zmily)

PUBLIC FINANOE AND. OUR POVERTY

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INDllUT 81:ATES' ri{OBLEM: (G~ndhijl'sWrilings an '. : Utternnccs)-l\{. K . Gandhi 10 I

FOUNDATIONS OF 'PB~CE '(CritiCBI 8t~dy ofLh'o I

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INDIA SPEAKING (Various contributions on economic,political, cultnralllU<!social problema.r modern Indla)

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