Spread of the Industrial Revolution
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Transcript of Spread of the Industrial Revolution
Spread of the Industrial Revolution
Ch. 21, Sect. 1
Other Nations Join the Race to Industrialization
• Mid 1800s
• British mechanics opened factories in other countries
• Germany, France, and US – had more abundant supplies of coal, iron, and
other resources than Britain– Borrowed British experts or technology
• By 1900, US was the #1 industrial nation
The Bessemer Process• Henry Bessemer, 1856
• New process for making steel from iron
• Lighter, harder, and more durable than iron
• Could be produced very cheaply
• Became the major material used in tools, bridges, and railroads.
The Bessemer Process
• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/31814-industrial-revelations-bessemer-converter-video.htm
Innovations in Chemistry
• Alfred Nobel: Dynamite– Safer– Used in construction & warfare– Funded Nobel Prize
Electric Power
• Electricity replaced steam as the dominate source of industrial power
• Michael Faraday – 1st simple electric motor – 1st dynamo: machine that generates electricity)
• Thomas Edison– 1st electric light bulb
• Quickened pace of city life• Factories could operate after dark
thom_edison Thomas Alva Edison Darn candles! Another dinner date wasted. Will never get lucky unless I can ‘set the mood’ w/o setting bed on fire.10:01 PM November 11, 1877
New Methods of Production
• Interchangeable parts: identical components that could be used in place of one another.– Simplified both the assembly and repair
• Assembly line: workers add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next– Made production faster and cheaper– Lowered the price of goods– Took joy out of the work
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YGF5R9i53A&feature=related
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/31814-industrial-revelations-bessemer-converter-video.htm
FordTough Henry Ford @AssemblyLine Dudes, where’s my cars?
10:12 AM December 10, 1908
Advances in Transportation• Steamships
• Transcontinental railroad stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific
• Nikolaus Otto: 1st gasoline-powered engine
• Henry Ford: made the U.S. a leader in the automobile industry
1886 Karl Benz, 1st Automobile
Gottlieb Daimler’s Automobile
Airplanes!
• Made possible by the Otto’s engine
• 1903, Orville, & Wilbur Wright– Kitty Hawk, NC– Flying machine only stayed aloft for a few
seconds– Ushered in the air age– Commercial passenger travel did not begin
until the 1920s.
FlyBoy Wilber Wright I believe I can fly.
I believe I can touch the sky.
I think about it every night and day.10:04 PM December 16, 1903
Communication
• Samuel Morse: Telegraph (1844)-Trans-Atlantic cable
between Europe & N. America
• Alexander Graham Bell (1876) : Telephone
• Guglielmo Marconi: radio (1901)
AlexGB Alexander Graham Bell Sick of chatting with @Watson, but he’s the only other person with a phone.
11:03 AM March 20, 1876
… -- Samuel Morse .. / ..-. .- .-. - . -.. LOL
7:40 PM September 10, 1837
Rise of Big Business• New technology required more $!
• Owners sold stock to investors to get money– Stock: shares in a company – Stockholders = owner of a tiny part of the
company– Corporations: businesses that are owned by
many investors who buy shares of stock• Able to expand into many areas
Monopolies
• Powerful business leaders created monopolies & trusts– Huge corporate structures that controlled entire
industries or areas of the economy
• John D. Rockefeller: Standard Oil Company– Dominated the American petroleum industry
30Rock John D. Rockefeller Someday, I’ll be as rich as Jay-Z. #hov
6:35 PM January 30, 1868
Move Toward Regulation
• With competition gone, they were free to raise prices
• Group of corporations would join and form a cartel– Cartel: an association to fix prices, set production quotas,
or control markets
Move Toward Regulation
• “Captains of Industry” vs. “Robber Barons”• Reformers wanted laws to prevent monopolies
and regulate large corporations• Political & economic power of business leaders
hindered efforts at regulation