Section II: The Spread of IndustrySection II: The Spread of Industry(Pages 514 - 519)(Pages 514 - 519)

Section II: The Spread of IndustrySection II: The Spread of Industry(Pages 514 - 519)(Pages 514 - 519)

This section is about:This section is about: The spread of the The spread of the

Industrial revolution to Industrial revolution to other countries and other countries and how industrialization how industrialization affected the United affected the United States.States.

The difference between The difference between industrialization in industrialization in western and Asian western and Asian countries and their countries and their colonies.colonies.

We looked at Great We looked at Great Britain in the last section.Britain in the last section.

Now, their ideas are Now, their ideas are spreading to the rest of spreading to the rest of the world.the world.

Some of the worldSome of the world’’s big s big industrial centers are on industrial centers are on page 517. Were there page 517. Were there any anywhere else? (I any anywhere else? (I dondon’’t see China on here).t see China on here).

You may have also seen You may have also seen the picture on page 516.the picture on page 516.

Look at the Look at the ““Main IdeasMain Ideas”” on 514: especially B and on 514: especially B and C.C.

The Spread of Industry in The Spread of Industry in EuropeEurope

Following Britain's LeadFollowing Britain's Lead Other countries saw what Britain was Other countries saw what Britain was

doing.doing. Britain didnBritain didn’’t want competition so t want competition so

they passed laws forbidding people they passed laws forbidding people to take their new ideas outside the to take their new ideas outside the country.country.

The laws didnThe laws didn’’t work, but Britain did t work, but Britain did have a big head start.have a big head start.

Belgium became the next country to Belgium became the next country to industrialize and then France (who industrialize and then France (who offered money to spies whooffered money to spies who’’d bring d bring them British technology information), them British technology information), and then Germany.and then Germany.

The best case of spying was done by The best case of spying was done by Samuel SlaterSamuel Slater, (who had worked with , (who had worked with Richard ArkwrightRichard Arkwright’’s partner). Slater s partner). Slater brought British ideas to the U.S. (New brought British ideas to the U.S. (New York) where he started the American York) where he started the American textile industry with Moses Brown.textile industry with Moses Brown.

An Uneven ProcessAn Uneven Process

The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution is really many separate is really many separate events – with many of events – with many of the great discoveries the great discoveries being made in England.being made in England.

Eli WhitneyEli Whitney (American (American and and the cotton ginthe cotton gin) ) contributed and so did contributed and so did some French.some French.

But the I.R. really took But the I.R. really took off in places with lots of off in places with lots of resources and lots of resources and lots of workers.workers.

This was more in This was more in Western Europe than Western Europe than Eastern Europe.Eastern Europe.

Industrialization in the United Industrialization in the United StatesStates

The United States started The United States started out as a land of farmers out as a land of farmers (1790: 95% of Americans).(1790: 95% of Americans).

Alexander Hamilton argued Alexander Hamilton argued the United States needed to the United States needed to become a manufacturing become a manufacturing country.country.

He said it would help our He said it would help our economy and our country economy and our country grow (more workers moving grow (more workers moving here for opportunities).here for opportunities).

We also have all the natural We also have all the natural resources needed to resources needed to manufacture just about manufacture just about anything.anything.

The Early Phase The Early Phase of of

ManufacturingManufacturing One of the things the U.S. One of the things the U.S.

had to worry about as a had to worry about as a new country was new country was defending itself (lots of defending itself (lots of wars in the world at the wars in the world at the time).time).

Eli WhitneyEli Whitney also helped also helped with that - with the idea of with that - with the idea of interchangeable partsinterchangeable parts for for weapons.weapons.

This would make producing This would make producing and fixing weapons much and fixing weapons much more efficient – and more efficient – and factories could produce a factories could produce a lot of them.lot of them.

………………………………....

The The factory systemfactory system soon soon caught on in the United caught on in the United States, but it did take States, but it did take advantage of people (and advantage of people (and children) just like other children) just like other places.places.

One place that didnOne place that didn’’t: t: Francis Cabot LowellFrancis Cabot Lowell’’s s spinning factory in spinning factory in Massachusetts had about Massachusetts had about 10,000 workers.10,000 workers.

This This ““Lowell SystemLowell System”” hired hired many young, unmarried many young, unmarried women, whowomen, who’’d live in d live in dormitories (the idea had dormitories (the idea had good and bad points).good and bad points).

Hamilton and Congress also Hamilton and Congress also came up with the idea of a came up with the idea of a protective tariffprotective tariff..

This would put a tax on This would put a tax on imports – making them imports – making them more expensive than more expensive than domestic products.domestic products.A tax which makes imports more expensive than home-produced

Transportation and Transportation and CommunicationsCommunications

FultonFulton’’s steamboat s steamboat ““fired ufired upp ”” Americans. Americans.

To get waterways, we To get waterways, we started digging many started digging many canals – like the Erie Canal canals – like the Erie Canal which connected the which connected the Hudson River (NY) to the Hudson River (NY) to the Great Lakes.Great Lakes.

The United States built The United States built many railroads, and many railroads, and eventually a eventually a transcontinentaltranscontinental railroad railroad – – from the east to west coast from the east to west coast (helping western settlement (helping western settlement and trade).and trade).

Two more advances: the Two more advances: the telegraphtelegraph (Samuel Morse(Samuel Morse) ) and later the and later the telephonetelephone ((Alexander Graham Bell).Alexander Graham Bell).

Advances and SetbacksAdvances and Setbacks

Advances in Technology and Advances in Technology and ScienceScience

Ideas in science also Ideas in science also helped the Industrial helped the Industrial Revolution.Revolution.

Henry Bessemer (1850Henry Bessemer (1850’’s) s) came up with came up with ““the the Bessemer processBessemer process”” to to make steel quickly and make steel quickly and cheaply – and purer and cheaply – and purer and stronger – and faster.stronger – and faster.

This stronger steel made This stronger steel made taller buildings, better taller buildings, better and bigger bridges, more and bigger bridges, more railroad tracks…..railroad tracks…..

And – the United States And – the United States has plenty of coal and has plenty of coal and iron.iron.

……………………………………

In medicine: Horace Wells In medicine: Horace Wells (American dentist) came (American dentist) came up with a anesthetic to up with a anesthetic to stop pain during surgery.stop pain during surgery.

Joseph Lister (English) Joseph Lister (English) began to use began to use antiseptics antiseptics to to stop infections during stop infections during surgeries.surgeries.

Thomas Edison (in 3 Thomas Edison (in 3 years): the microphone, years): the microphone, phonograph, the electric phonograph, the electric light bulb, etc…(1000 light bulb, etc…(1000 inventions) in his lab in inventions) in his lab in Menlo Park, New Jersey.Menlo Park, New Jersey.

X-Rays (Roentgen), X-Rays (Roentgen), Radioactivity (Curie), Radioactivity (Curie), Einstein's ideas of physics Einstein's ideas of physics and relativity – all in the and relativity – all in the mid to late 1800mid to late 1800’’s.s.

European Policies in India and European Policies in India and IndonesiaIndonesia

The Industrial Revolution came The Industrial Revolution came at the height of the period of at the height of the period of colonialism.colonialism.

Britain's lead in the I.R., itBritain's lead in the I.R., it’’s s powerful navy, and all the lands powerful navy, and all the lands it controlled made in the most it controlled made in the most powerful country in the world.powerful country in the world.

One place England tried to One place England tried to control was India (to hold them control was India (to hold them back from competing for textile back from competing for textile power). They really mis-power). They really mis-managed their control of Indiamanaged their control of India’’s s resources and people.resources and people.

The Dutch also expanded their The Dutch also expanded their empire into Indonesia, and empire into Indonesia, and didndidn’’t do them too many favors t do them too many favors either.either.

(ruling foreign lands for economic and military power)