Injury Assessment

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Sports Medicine

Daily Objectives

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Content ObjectivesLearn how to conduct an injury assessment.Understand what effects the severity of an injury.

Language ObjectivesRead assigned portion of text.Copy important vocabulary words.

Pace Lap

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Where should you place the pads for the AED?

5 minutes

Vocabulary AssignmentCopy the following definitions on the note

cards that are provided.AssessmentDiagnosisAnthropomorphic dataMechanism of ForcePalpationActive MotionPassive MotionFunctional activitySports Specific ActivityLigamentous Laxity

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Injury AssessmentAssessment

The orderly collection of objective and subjective data on the athletes health status.

Objective DataInformation that can be visually observed by the

examiner during the assessment and physical examination.SwellingDiscoloration

Subjective Data Information that is verbally collected from the

athlete during the assessment. It hurts right here !! I rolled my ankle!! It is killing me !!!

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Scenario AssignmentYou are covering a high school baseball game

when the 165 pound junior center fielder falls to the ground trying to catch a fly ball. During your assessment you notice that the athlete is holding his R. Knee in a guarded (bent) position. He states that when he turned to run after the ball he felt a “pop” in his knee. He also states that his knee hurts all over. There is noticeable swelling right away, and when you walk him off of the field you also see that he is limping.

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Injury DiagnosisDiagnosis

Using information from the assessment and physical examination to determine the nature, cause, and extent of the athletes injury.Can only be made by a licensed health care provider.ExamplesTorn ACLDislocated Elbow1st Degree Ankle Sprain

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Factors that Influence The InjuryAnthropomorphic Data

Age, Weight, Gender, Structure, etc…Mechanism of Force

All energies involved at the time of impact, including the direction , intensity, duration, activity, and position of the body and body part.

SpeedThe greater the speed of the collision or force

the greater the chance of injury.Remember The First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy can not be created or destroyed.

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Factors that Influence The InjuryProtective Equipment

Was there any protective equipment worn?Did it fit properly?

Skill LevelBeginners are at a greater risk of being

injured, especially when they are competing against someone with more experience.

ExampleVarsity vs. JV

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Injury AssessmentTwo Phases

Primary Injury SurveyCheck for life threatening conditions.

Secondary injury SurveyA thorough medical evaluation of an

athletes overall health to reveal any injuries beyond the initial injury.

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Primary SurveyChecking for any injuries that may be life

threatening.A,B,C’s

AirwayBreathingCirculation

In the event of a life threatening emergency EMS should be activated immediately.

ExamplesNo BreathingChest Pains that do not go awayUnconsciousnessUncontrollable Bleeding

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Secondary Injury SurveyA thorough medical evaluation of an

athletes overall health to reveal any injuries beyond the initial injury.

Only to be completed after a life threatening condition has been ruled out.

HOPSHistoryObservationPalpationSpecial Test

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AssignmentRead page 193 – 195 and answer the

following questions.1.What information should be obtained during

the history portion of the exam?2.What three things should specifically look for

during the observation portion of the exam?3.Define palpation.4.During the observation and palpation

portions of the exam which side should be examined first? (The injured side or uninjured side) Why???

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HistoryDo not touch the athlete until questions have

been asked.Questions

What happened?When did it occur?What factors influenced the injury? (Pg. 193)Did you hear an abnormal sound? (pop, snap, rip)Where is your pain located? (Use one finger to point)

0-10 pain scale (Pg194)Is there any numbness or altered sensations?Does the body part feel unstableHave you ever injured this body part before?

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ObservationObserve the uninjured side first!!!!Look for any obvious deformities.Examples

Dislocations and/or FracturesSwellingBleedingColor Changes in SkinWalking patternsFacial Expressions during movement.

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PalpationThe touching of the injured athlete during the

examination to determine the extent of the injury.Palpate the uninjured side first.Apply firm pressure to elicit pain.Continue to observe the athletes facial

expressions.Palpate one joint above and below the site of

injury.Feel for any deformities.

Pops, Cracks, SqueeksPalpate all tissues in the area. (Bones, Muscles,

Joint Lines, Ligaments, etc..)

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Pace Lap

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Please list three things that you would observe for during the observation portion of the secondary assessment.

5 minutes

Reading AssignmentRead Pages 196 and 197 and answer the

following questions.What is the difference between active range of motion and passive range of motion?

What does the term ligamentous laxity mean?

When testing an athletes strength which type of muscle contraction should you begin with? Which side of the body should you test for?

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Special TestRange of Motion Test

Active Range of MotionMovement through the range of

motion done by the athlete.Passive Range of Motion

Movement through the range of motion performed by the examiner.

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Special TestLigament Stability Test

Specialized test for each joint articulation in the body. These test examine the ligamentous laxity.

Ligamentous Laxity: The degree of looseness in the ligaments.

Useful to determine the extent of a sprain.Examples

Lachmans Test for the ACLAnterior Drawer for the ATFL in the ankle.Valgus Stress Test for the MCL in the Knee or

the UCL in the elbow.

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Special TestStrength TestAlso Known as Manual Muscle Test

(MMT)Begin with the uninjured side first.Begin with isometric contractions and move to isotonic contractions.

Look for weakness and loss of muscle mass.

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Assignment

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Take a look on pages 197 and copy the following definitions:Functional Activities

Usual activities that the athlete can comfortably perform.

Sports Specific ActivitiesActivities that are related to and mimic the

athletes specific position and sportKEY CONCEPT

Sports specific activities are usually a better predictor of the athletes ability to return to play.

Assignment

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Read pages 199-200 regarding the criteria for return to play. Answer the following questions.1. What are the four return to play criteria?2. What would it take for someone to meet the full

strength criteria?3. What type of activities should the athlete be able

to perform pain free prior to returning to play?4. Provide three examples of skills performance test

for the sport of basketball.5. Why is it important for the athlete to be

emotionally ready prior to returning to play after an injury?

Return to Play Criteria

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Prior to clearing an athlete to return to play several criteria must be met:

They Must:1. Have full strength2. Be Free From Pain3. Pass Skills Performance Test4. Be Emotionally Ready

Return to Play Criteria

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Full StrengthThe “WHOLE” athlete should be at 100% of the

pre-injury strength. Pain Free

The athlete should be without pain while performing the “SKILLS PERFORMANCE TEST”.

Skills Performance TestSports Specific Activities

Emotional ReadinessAthletes must be mentally and emotionally

prepared to return to the sport so that they can participate at 100%.

Anything less than 100% places them at risk for a new injury or a re-injury.

Pace Lap

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___________ range of motion us movement through the range of motion done by the athlete.

___________ range of motion is movement through the range of motion performed by the examiner.

5 minutes

Pace Lap

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Please list three factors that influence the severity of an injury.

5 minutes