Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 93

Topic: 6.6 Reproduction- Male and Female reproductive systems

Essential Question: Write the functions of each of the parts of the male/female reproductive system (in pictures)

6.6 Reproduction- Male and female reproductive systems

Key Vocabulary:Male:

seminal vesicleprostate glandvas deferensepididymistestisscrotum

Female: OvaryFallopian tubeUterusVaginaCervix

BIOZONE: 342-343

Write the functions of each of the parts of the male/female reproductive system (in pictures)

Human ReproductionEverything comes down to a male gamete (sperm) fertilizing a female gamete (egg or ovum)• Ensures ½ genetic makeup of the resulting zygote comes from each parent• Ensures genetic variation in the human species

Human ReproductionHormones play a key role

Human ReproductionDevelopment of sexual dimorphism• Different body forms of males and females

Assessment Statements

• 6.6.4 List three roles of testosterone in males

Human ReproductionRegulation of sexual physiology• Ex: testosterone in males• Determines the development of male genitalia during embryonic

development• Ensures development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty

(facial hair etc.)• Maintains the sex drive of males throughout their lifetime

The Male and Female Reproductive Systems• The structures of the male and female reproductive systems are adapted

for the production and release of the gametes

The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

The female reproductive system: • Ensures a suitable location for fertilization• Provides an environment for the growth of the

embryo then fetus until birth

Assessment Statements

• 6.6.1 Draw and label diagrams of the adult male and female reproductive systems

Male Reproductive System

Label the male reproductive system- write a short description of the function of each part

p. 536-539 in text

Male Reproductive System

Seminal vesicle

Prostate gland

anus

epididymis

scrotum

Testis

Erectile tissue of penis

Urethra

Vas deferens

Urinary bladder

Urinary bladder- collects urineVas deferens- transports sperm from epididymisUrethra- tube connected to bladder for excretion of urine and semenErectile tissue- tissue with vascular spaces to be engorged with blood for erectionSeminal vesicle- gland that makes most content (70%) of semenProstate gland- that secretes milky white fluid that makes up 30% of semenAnus- opening at which solid waste is excretedEpididymis- tube that carries sperm from testes to vas deferensScrotum- sack of skin that contains the testes, epididymis and part of the vas deferensTestis- (plural testes- or testicles) produces sperm and male hormones

Female Reproductive System plus bladder

Label the female reproductive system- write a short description of the function of each part

p. 536-539 in text

Female Reproductive System plus bladder

Oviduct aka Fallopian tube

Ovary

Uterus

Urinary bladder

Urethra

Vaginal openingAnus

Vagina

Cervix

Cervix- lower part of the uterus, opens for childbirthVagina- muscular tube leading from external genitals to cervixAnus- opening at which solid waste is excretedOviduct (Fallopian Tubes)- the tube through which an ovum (egg) passes from an ovaryOvary- female reproductive organ in which eggs are producedUterus- (womb) connects cervix and fallopian tubes- fetus develops hereUrinary bladder- collects urineUrethra- tube connected to bladder for excretionVaginal Opening- opening to vagina

Female Reproductive System (external/internal detail)

aka fallopian tubes

(inner lining of uterus)

Label the female reproductive system- write a short description of the function of each part

p. 536-539 in text

Female Reproductive System (external/internal detail)

aka fallopian tubes

(inner lining of uterus)

OvariesOviduct aka Fallopian Tubes

Uterus

Cervix

Vagina

Endometrium(inner lining of uterus)

Wall of uterusCorpus Luteum

Follicles

Endometrium: blood-rich, inner mucous membrane of the uterusCorpus Luteum- temporary endocrine structure that secretes progesterone to make the uterus more suitable for implantation

Crash Course: Reproductive System (12m2s)• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7rsH2loIY8

Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 95

Topic: 6.6 Reproduction- Menstruation

Essential Question: How do hormones play a key role in the menstrual cycle?

6.6 Reproduction- Menstruation

Key Vocabulary:Menstruation

BIOZONE: 344

How do hormones play a key role in the menstrual cycle?

Assessment Statements

• 6.6.2 Outline the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle, including FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), oestrogen and progesterone

Menstrual Cycle• The menstrual cycle prepares the ovaries for ovulation and the uterus for

implantation• Starts at puberty• On average, 28 day cycle

• Purpose: to time the release of an egg or ovum (ovulation) for possible fertilization and later implantation into the inner lining of the uterus• This implantation MUST occur when the uterine inner lining (the

endometrium) is rich with blood vessels• It will shed if no implantation occurs• This breakdown leads to menstrual bleeding• This is a sign no pregnancy occurred

Menstrual Cycle• The hypothalamus is the regulatory center of

the menstrual cycle• Produces a hormone known as

gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)• The target tissue is the pituitary gland

• Results in the production and secretion of two hormones into the bloodstream• Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)• Luteinizing hormone (LH)• The target tissues for these hormones

are the ovaries

gland

Ovaries

Endometrium of uterus

Progesterone (after ovulation)Oestrogen

Menstrual Cycle• FSH and LH have several effects on the

ovaries• Increase the production/secretion of

another reproductive hormone by the follicle cells of the ovary= estrogen• Estrogen enters the blood steam• Target tissue is the endometrium of

the uterus• Results in an increase the blood

vessels of the endometrium

gland

Ovaries

Endometrium of uterus

Progesterone (after ovulation)Estrogen

Menstrual Cycle

Menstrual Cycle• Another effect of FSH and LH is the production of structures within the

ovaries known as Graafian follicles

oocyte

Menstrual Cycle1. Oocytes (immature eggs) are

formed • Made up of follicle cells and true

reproductive cells in the ovaries

1.

Menstrual Cycle2. Graffian Follicles formed• Under chemical stimulation, the

follicle cells and oocytes become Graffian follicles

1.

2.

Menstrual Cycle3. Ovulation Occurs• A spike in the level of FSH and LH leads

to ovulation• Release of oocyte from the Graafian

follicle• Oocyte is accompanied by the inner

ring of follicle cells • Typically enters the Fallopian tube

soon after ovulation

3.

Menstrual Cycle4. Corpus Luteum forms• The outer ring of follicle cells remains

within the ovary and the cells of this ring divide to become the corpus luteum

• This will produce progesterone for 10-12 days after ovulation• Maintains the thickened, highly

vascular endometrium, so embryo can implant

• GnRH is not produced when estrogen and progesterone levels are high, so FSH and LH remain at low levels at this time

4.

Menstrual Cycle *Assuming there is no pregnancy

5. Corpus luteum breaks down • Leads to a decline in progesterone and

estrogen levels• Endometrium can no longer be

sustained• Capillaries and blood vessels begin

to break• Menstruation begins

5.

Menstrual Cycle• Low levels of progesterone and estrogen

signal the hypothalamus to begin secreting GnRH and thus another menstrual cycle begins!

• There is no beginning or end of the menstrual cycle• We designate the first day of the menstrual

cycle as the first day of menstruation

Ovulation & the Menstrual Cycle (4m5s)• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJsrGmWeKE

Assessment Statements

• 6.6.3 Annotate a graph showing hormone levels in the menstrual cycle, illustrating the relationship between changes in hormone levels and ovulation, menstruation, and thickening of the endometrium

Homework/Classwork

• Annotate the graph showing hormone levels in the menstrual cycle, illustrating the relationship between changes in hormone levels and ovulation, menstruation, and thickening of the endometrium

• Look at it like a data analysis question. Look for patterns and comparisons you can make throughout the cycle• Ex: When progesterone peaks, what happens to the uterine

lining?

Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 97

Topic: 6.6 Reproduction- IVF and Ethics

Essential Question: What are some of the possible complications involved with IVF?

6.6 Reproduction- IVF and Ethics

Key Vocabulary:In Vitro Fertilization

BIOZONE: 353-354

What are some of the possible complications involved with IVF?

Assessment Statements

• 6.6.5 Outline the process of in-vitro fertilization (IVF)

In Vitro Fertilization

• Please read the In Vitro Fertilization article to gather background on how the procedure is done• Highlight important information

Focus on:• Procedure• Medicines involved• Side effects• Risks involved• % rates of success

In Vitro Fertilization

• Why would a couple or a person decide to under go IVF?• Think of reasons:• Not just because they want a child!

In-vitro Fertilization (IVF)• Natural fertilization typically occurs in one of a female’s Fallopian tubes

24-48 hours after ovulation• The resulting zygote begins to divide by mitosis and takes several more days

to travel down the Fallopian tube to the endometrium• When the embryo reaches the endometrium, it has already mitotically

divided many times• The embryo then implants in the endometrium

In-vitro Fertilization (IVF)• Some couples are unable to bear children for a wide

variety of possible reasons including:• Males with low sperm counts• Males with impotence (failure to achieve or

maintain an erection)• Females who cannot ovulate normally• Females with blocked Fallopian tubes

• Reproductive technologies have been developed to help overcome these situations • One of the most common In Vitro Fertilization

Steps of an IVF Procedure Preparation:• A woman is usually injected with FSH

for about 10 days• This ensures the development of many

Graafian follicles within her ovaries

• Several eggs (oocytes) are then harvested surgically

Steps of an IVF Procedure Preparation:• The man ejaculates into a container to obtain sperm

cells

Steps of an IVF Procedure Preparation:• The harvested eggs are mixed with sperm

cells in separate culture dishes

• Microscopic observation reveals which ova are fertilized and if the early development appears normal and healthy

Steps of an IVF Procedure • Usually two or three healthy embryos are introduced into the woman’s

uterus for implantation• The procedure is VERY expensive and using only one embryo could mean

a high risk of failure and having to repeat the procedure• More than one embryo increases the likelihood that at least one will implant

successfully

• Any healthy embryos from culturing that are not implanted can be frozen and used later if another implantation procedure is needed

IVF Costs• The average cost of an IVF cycle in the U.S. is $12,400, according to

the American Society of Reproductive Medicine. This price will vary depending on where you live, the amount of medications you're required to take, the number of IVF cycles you undergo, and the amount your insurance company will pay toward the procedure• Medicines may cost and additional $5-6,000• Many times a single round may be closer to $18,000

IVF 2m19s- 6m6s• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXsCngh89fI

Assessment Statements

• 6.6.6 Discuss the ethical issues associated with IVF

Arguments For and Against IVF p.96

As a table, please discuss the arguments for and against IVF• Create a table on the TOP ½ p. 96 and record your thoughts • We will share out as a class at the end of the period

Arguments for IVF Arguments Against IVF

Arguments For and Against IVFOn the bottom half of p. 96:• Please read the articles passed out to your tables• These are from a variety of sources and years• Gain knowledge on the different view points of IVF and different ethical

considerations that people have in regards to IVF• Add to your table of arguments

Imagine a panel put together to debate the pros and cons of IVF. Give three pro or con arguments that would likely be given by each of the following panel members:

• Health insurance executive-• Man or woman who needs IVF to have a child-• Religious representative-• Administrator from an IVF clinic-

*DEBATE ACTIVITY TO FOLLOW ON

MONDAY

Arguments for IVF• Enables couples who would otherwise be unable to have children to have a

family• Embryos that are visibly not healthy in the early stages of development can

be eliminated from consideration for implantation• Genetic screening is possible on embryos before implantation to eliminate

the chance of passing on some genetic diseases• IVF technology will advance and lead to further benefits in reproductive

biology

Arguments Against IVF• Embryos that are produced during culturing, but are

not implanted are either frozen or destroyed• There are complex legal issues concerning the use of those

frozen embryos when couples split up

• Genetic screening of embryos could lead to society choosing desirable characteristics• “Designer babies”

• Some reproductive problems of an individual are genetically passed on and IVF bypasses nature’s way of decreasing the genetic frequency of that reproductive problem• Miscarriage etc..

• Multiple births and the problems associated with multiple births are more likely with IVF than with natural conception• Low birth weight, early delivery, etc…

DEBATE: Arguments For and Against IVFIt doesn’t matter what “side” you are on, you need to be able to argue the

pros and cons of IVF• Each person at your table will take on the role of one of the panel

members. Engage in a discussion arguing for or against IVF. • Try and keep the conversation going. • Debate should take approx. 15 mins.

• At the end, one group will share their debate in front of the classImagine a panel put together to debate the pros and cons of IVF. Give three pro or con arguments that would likely be given by each of the following panel members:• Health insurance executive-• Man or woman who needs IVF to have a child-• Religious representative-• Administrator from an IVF clinic-