Spectral In-House 2010 Spectral In-House Training @ CET 1 st March 2010 Carsten Laukamp CSIRO...

Spectral In-House 2010

Spectral In-House Training @ CET 1st March 2010

Carsten LaukampCSIRO Exploration and MiningARRC, 26 Dick Perry Avenue Kensington, WAPh: 618-6436-8754Email: [email protected] Web: www.c3dmm.csiro.au


Spectral In-House Training @ CET, UWA, Crawley -01.03.2010 – GP2, second floor, Rm111, 3rd year Geology Lab

9:00 Mineral Spectroscopy Theory : Wavelength coverage, EMR-matter interaction, vibrational spectroscopy; VNIR-SWIR-TIR mineralogy and mineral groups; mineral disorder/abundance/chemistry; spectral libraries

Spectral Sensing Instruments – Proximal Systems : Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of field/lab systems; Hylogging

10:30 – 11:xx Lots of questions and Coffee

11:xx ASD &/or PIMA @ Lab and/or outside:

The Spectral Geologist (TSG) Software introduction : Applications, Interpretation of afore scanned data

12:30 – 13:30 Lunch

13:30 Spectral Sensing Instruments – Remote Systems : Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of remote systems; satellite vs airborne; imaging vs line profiling; multispectral vs hyperspectral; VNIR vs SWIR vs TIR

Alteration and Regolith Spectral-Mineral Models : Critical for successful use of spectral technology; Regolith mapping and Au (and Ni sulphide) exploration in the Kalgoorlie area; Mapping of ultramafic rocks; Alteration mapping using hyperspectral techniques.

15:00 – 15:xx Lots of questions & Afternoon Tea

Theory &

Proximal

Systems

ASD, PIMA, TSG

Remote Systems

Application to

Mineral Systems


Exploration Challenges

• Easy “surface” mineral deposits were discovered a long time ago• “Exploration under cover”

• Last 40 years – new geophysical/geochemical exploration technologies successful in deposit discoveries though…..

• Increased global demand for commodities not matched by recent discovery rate

• Understanding 4D processes of geological systems may advance future exploration success

• Mineral Systems > Predictive Models > Vectors

• Drilling still the ultimate exploration test• High cost but little “predictive” geological value extracted

• Fundamental pre-competitive geoscience data missing from current strategies, such as

• mineralogy• Mineralogical models (vectors) + spatially comprehensive mineralogy =

• exploration success?


What is Mineral Mapping?

• Hyperspectral sensing, spectral geology, imaging spectroscopy, molecular sensing, optical sensing

• The identification of mineralogy and mineral chemistry using reflectance and/or emission spectroscopy

• EMR absorbed/emitted by molecular processes (electronic, vibrational) at specific frequencies (wavelengths)

• Compositionally-diagnostic• a “complete” spectrum measured for every

pixel/sample• non contact, non invasive, • multi-scale in application.• Complementary information to that of

conventional exploration data (e.g. geophysics, geochemistry and geological mapping)


3D Spectral-Mineral Mapping Technologies 3D Spectral-Mineral Mapping Technologies

Drill Core

HyLogger

HyMap

Airborne

PIMA/TERRASPEC

Field

Satellite


What Can Mineral Sensing Technologies Provide?

• Seeing beyond the visible

visible longer wavelengths



• Mapping of mineralogy from every pixel on the ground

• See between the trees

pyrophyllite




• Mapping of mineralogy from every pixel on the ground

• See between the trees:

• Accurate, seamless maps of mineral abundances and mineral chemistries

• Laboratory-grade spectroscopy remotely

spectra depth

XR

D 0

02hk

l

kaolin abundance

80%15%

spectra depth

XR

D 0

02hk

l

spectra depth

XR

D 0

02hk

l

kaolin abundance

80%15%

kaolin abundance

80%15%



white mica chemistry

% trivalentcations inmuscovite

40%

25%

mineral mappinggeofluid model

published geology

Mineral composition from “remote” spectra

K radiometrics


Environmental Mapping – Dust monitoring

Laboratory results Airborne-field results


Spectrometers available in WA (Australia)

• Operational systems• Field

• PIMA-II (ISPL, CSIRO, Ausspec, mining companies) SWIR

• ASD (CSIRO, Mineral Mapping Services) VNIR SWIR• Laboratory/camp

• CSIRO HyChippers (AMDEL, AMMTEC, CSIRO) VNIR SWIR• CSIRO ANVCL (GSWA and other geosurveys) VNIR SWIR (TIR)

• Remote• Airborne HyMap (HyVista - Sydney) VNIR SWIR• Airborne Hyspex (DiMap – Perth) VNIR SWIR• Satellite ASTER (ERSDAC – Japan, Geoscience Australia) VNIR SWIR TIR

• Science systems• Field

• microFTIR (CSIRO-ARRC) TIR • Raman (CSIRO-ARRC) VNIR SWIR

• Laboratory• Bruker DHR (CSIRO-ARRC) SWIR TIR• Proto-TIRLogger TIR

• Remote• Specim (ARA – Flinders University, CSIRO-QCAT ) VNIR SWIR

Spectral coverage


From John Gingerich, AMIRA paper 2001

Valuing spectral mineralogy


CSIRO’s vision in Australia

• Every drill hole logged for mineralogy• RC, RAB, diamond

• Mineral map of Australia• Host rock, superimposed alteration (metamorphic and metasomatic),

regolith mineralogy, as well as soils, vegetation cover (baseline environmental maps)

• Environmentally sustainable!

• drill core +remote sensing 3-D mineral map (+ multi-temporal 4-D)

• Provided through the government geological surveys as part of their pre-competitive geoscience information suite

• Web based delivery, distributed data archives, interoperability

• Empower the exploration industry with tools for accurate mineral mapping

• No longer used as “colorful” pictures for subjective interpretation or boardroom walls but for quantitative mineralogical analysis and “frontline” exploration

Empowering the geoscientist with mineralogy


Building the “Google” mineral map of Australia

ASTERprocessed

Airborne HS public unprocessed

Airborne HS public processed

Airborne HS private

ANVCL public processed

Drill core - private

National Geoscience web portal


Spectral Geology @ CET

Paleozoic Orogenic Au Paleozoic Orogenic Au Sierra de la CulampajSierra de la Culampajáá ArgentiniaArgentinia

Epithermal Au Epithermal Au Eastern Mindanao Ridge Eastern Mindanao Ridge PhilippinesPhilippines

Archean Au Archean Au Kambalda St IvesKambalda St IvesAgnew Agnew WAWA

BIF-hosted Fe-ore BIF-hosted Fe-ore Koolyanobbing Koolyanobbing WAWA

BIF-hosted Fe-ore BIF-hosted Fe-ore Weld Range Weld Range WAWA

Channel Iron Ore Deposits Channel Iron Ore Deposits Rocklea Dome Rocklea Dome WAWA

Paleozoic Orogenic Au Paleozoic Orogenic Au Pataz District Pataz District PeruPeru

IOCG, … IOCG, … Mount Isa Inlier Mount Isa Inlier QldQld


• Mapping Mineral Composition:• Especially: Mg# of Chlorites• Epidote-group composition• Amphibole composition• Talc vs. Chlorite vs. Amphiboles vs.

Epidotes in “complex” rocks• Biotite• White mica composition (paragonite vs.

muscovite s.s. vs. phengite)

• Integrated analysis for mapping and mineralisation

• Developing Software Add Ons to TSG• Epithermal/porphyry• Archean Au• BIF and CID’s < Minerals Down Under

Flagship @ CSIRO• …

Clinozoisite (Ca2Al2O.AlOH[Si2O7][SiO4]) vs. Epidote (Ca2Al2O.(Al,Fe3+)OH[Si2O7][SiO4])

Clinozoisite (Ca2Al2O.AlOH[Si2O7][SiO4]) vs. Epidote (Ca2Al2O.(Al,Fe3+)OH[Si2O7][SiO4])

Research … input from CET~1558 nm

~1548 nm

courtesy of Tony Roache (M400)


Available on www.c3dmm.csiro.au

Available on www.c3dmm.csiro.au


Available on

www.c3dmm.csiro.auAvailable on

www.c3dmm.csiro.au


Under construction!

Under construction!


http://C3DMM.csiro.au


Spectral In-House Training @ CET, UWA, Crawley -01.03.2010 – GP2, second floor, Rm111, 3rd year Geology Lab

9:00 Mineral Spectroscopy Theory (48): Wavelength coverage, EMR-matter interaction, vibrational spectroscopy; VNIR-SWIR-TIR mineralogy and mineral groups; mineral disorder/abundance/chemistry; spectral libraries

Spectral Sensing Instruments – Proximal Systems (25): Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of field/lab systems; Hylogging

10:30 – 11:xx Lots of questions and Coffee

11:xx ASD &/or PIMA @ Lab and/or outside:

The Spectral Geologist (TSG) Software introduction : Applications, Interpretation of afore scanned data

12:30 – 13:30 Lunch

13:30 Spectral Sensing Instruments – Remote Systems (24): Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of remote systems; satellite vs airborne; imaging vs line profiling; multispectral vs hyperspectral; VNIR vs SWIR vs TIR

Alteration and Regolith Spectral-Mineral Models (39): Critical for successful use of spectral technology; Regolith mapping and Au (and Ni sulphide) exploration in the Kalgoorlie area; Mapping of ultramafic rocks; Alteration mapping using hyperspectral techniques.

15:00 – 15:xx Lots of questions & Afternoon Tea

Theory &

Proximal

Systems

ASD, PIMA, TSG

Remote Systems

Application to

Mineral Systems

Spectral In-House 2010 Spectral In-House Training @ CET 1 st March 2010 Carsten Laukamp CSIRO...

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