Specpro (Cases Up to Finals)

8/19/2019 Specpro (Cases Up to Finals)

1/79

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, petitioner, vs. COURT OF APPEALS and CYNTHIA VICENCIO, respondents .

D E C I S I O N

QUISUMBING, J.:

This is an a !a" in#!$ %s!d &' #h! R! (&"i) %* #h! Phi"i in!s as $! $!s!n#!d &' #h! O+)! %* #h! S%"i)i#%$ G!n!$a" OSG-, assai"in #h! d!)isi%n i/01 %* C%($# %* A !a"s $%2(" a#!d %n A $i" 34, 0545, 6hi)h a+$2!d #h! d!)isi%n ii/31 %* #h! R! i%na" T$ia" C%($# %* Mani"a, B$an)h 73, da#!d, A( (s# 80, 0549. Th!a !a"!d d!)isi%n $an#!d $i a#! $!s %nd!n# C'n#hia Vi)!n)i%s !#i#i%n *%$ )han ! %* s($na2!, *$%2 Vi)!n)i% #% Y(.

As *%(nd &' #h! #$ia" )%($#, h!$!(nd!$ a$! #h! *a)#s and )i$)(2s#an)!s %* #h! )as!:

P!#i#i%n!$s ! id!n)! is #% #h! !;!)# #ha# sh! 6as &%$n %n 05 A %* P!#i#i%n-@ #ha# %n 0 h. E-@ #ha# in 054 , !#i#i%n!$s 2%#h!$ a ain "!d an%#h!$ !#i#i%n 6i#h #his C%($#, S . P$%). N%. 4 33 7, *%$ #h!d!)"a$a#i%n %* Pa&"% Vi)!n)i% as an a&s!n#!!, and 6hi)h !#i#i%n 6as $an#!d %n 3 A $i" 054 in a d!)isi%n $!nd!$!d &' #h! H%n. C%$%na I&a' S%2!$a E>h. F

F 0-@ #ha# %n 07 A $i" 054 , !#i#i%n!$s 2%#h!$ and E$n!s#% Y( 6!$! %in!d in 2a#$i2%n' in a )!$!2%n' s%"!2ni=!d &' Ma'%$ B!n a2in S. A&a"%s %* Manda"('%n , M!#$% Mani"a E>h. G-.

I# 6as a"s% !s#a&"ish!d #ha# ! !$n si)- sin)! h!$ )hi"dh%%d, !#i#i%n!$ had n%# ?n%6n 2()h "!ss $!2!2&!$!d h!$ $!a" *a#h!$ Pa&"% Vi)!n)i%, and h!$ ?n%6n*a#h!$ had &!!n and s#i"" is E$n!s#% Y(@ #ha# d!s i#! %* 6hi)h sh! had &!!n (sin #h! *a2i"' na2! Vi)!n)i% in h!$ s)h%%" and %#h!$ $!"a#!d a)#i i#i!s #h!$!in@#ha# in i!6 %* s()h si#(a#i%n, )%n*(si%n a$%s! as #% h!$ a$!n#a ! and sh! had &!!n s(& !)#!d #% in (i$i!s 6h' sh! is (sin Vi)!n)i% as h!$ *a2i"' na2!, &%#h&' h!$ )"ass2a#!s and #h!i$ n!i h&%$s, )a(sin h!$ !>#$!2! !2&a$$ass2!n#@ #ha# %n #6% 3- %))assi%ns 6h!n sh! $an as a &!a(#' )%n#!s#an# in a Li%ns C"(&a;ai$ and in a Mani"a R!d C$%ss a !an#, h!$ na2! 6as !n#!$!d as C'n#hia L. Y(@ #ha# h!$ s#! *a#h!$ had &!!n $i%$"' )%ns("#!d a&%(# #his !#i#i%n and had

i !n his )%ns!n# #h!$!#%@ #ha# in *a)# E$n!s#% Y( #!s#i !d *%$ !#i#i%n!$ and )%n $2!d his )%ns!n# #% #h! !#i#i%n as h! had a"6a's #$!a#!d !#i#i%n!$ as his%6n da( h#!$ ! !$ sin)!. iii/81

A# #h! h!a$in %* #h! !#i#i%n *%$ )han ! %* na2! &' #h! #$ia" )%($#, #h! OSG 2ani*!s#!d #ha# i# 6as % %sin #h! !#i#i%n. I# a$#i)i a#!d in #h! $%)!!din s &')$%ss !>a2inin #h! $i a#! $!s %nd!n# C'n#hia Vi)!n)i%, !#i#i%n!$ a quo - and h!$ 6i#n!ss!s.

Dis$! a$din #h! OSGs )%n#!n#i%n, #h! #$ia" )%($# $("!d #ha# #h!$! is n% a"id )a(s! *%$ d!n'in #h! !#i#i%n. F($#h!$, #h! #$ia" )%($# s#a#!d #ha# i# )%("d n%#)%2 !" $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s s#! *a#h!$ #% ad% # h!$, as ad% #i%n is a %"(n#a$' a)#@ &(# *ai"($! #% $!s%$# #% ad% #i%n sh%("d n%# &! a )a(s! *%$ disa""%6in

$i a#! $!s %nd!n# #% "! a""' )han ! h!$ na2!. i / 1 H!n)!, i# $an#!d #h! )han ! %* s($na2! %* $i a#! $!s %nd!n# *$%2 Vi)!n)i% #% Y(.

Th! d!)isi%n %* #h! #$ia" )%($# 6as a+$2!d &' #h! a !""a#! )%($#, 6hi)h h!"d #ha# i# is *%$ #h! &!s# in#!$!s# %* !#i#i%n!$ #ha# h!$ s($na2! &! )han !d. Th!a !""a#! )%($# #%%? in#% a))%(n# #h! #!s#i2%ni!s %* $i a#! $!s %nd!n# and h!$ 6i#n!ss!s #ha# a""%6in #h! )han ! %* s($na2! 6%("d i ! h!$ an % %$#(ni#'#% i2 $% ! h!$ !$s%na"i#' and 6!"*a$!. /71 I# "i?!6is! n%#!d #ha# #h! dis)$! an)' &!#6!!n h!$ %$i ina" s($na2!, #a?!n *$%2 h!$ &i%"% i)a" *a#h!$@ and #h!s($na2! %* h!$ s#! *a#h!$, 6h% has &!!n s%)ia""' $!)% ni=!d as h!$ *a#h!$, )a(s!d h!$ !2&a$$ass2!n# and in*!$i%$i#' )%2 "!>. i/ 1

Th! 2ain iss(! &!*%$! (s is 6h!#h!$ #h! a !""a#! )%($# !$$!d in a+$2in #h! #$ia" )%($#s d!)isi%n a""%6in #h! )han ! %* $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s s($na2! #% #ha#%* h!$ s#! *a#h!$s s($na2!.

0


2/79

In R! (&"i) s. H!$nand!= ii/91 , 6! ha ! $!)% ni=!d inter alia, #h! *%""%6in as s(+)i!n# $%(nds #% 6a$$an# a )han ! %* na2!: a- 6h!n #h! na2! is $idi)("%(s,dish%n%$a&"! %$ !>#$!2!"' di+)("# #% 6$i#! %$ $%n%(n)!@ &- 6h!n #h! )han ! is a "! a" )%ns! (!n)! %* "! i#i2a#i%n %$ ad% #i%n@ )- 6h!n #h! )han ! 6i""a %id )%n*(si%n@ d- 6h!n %n! has )%n#in(%(s"' (s!d and &!!n ?n%6n sin)! )hi"dh%%d &' a Fi"i in% na2! and 6as (na6a$! %* a"i!n a$!n#a !@ !- 6h!n #h!)han ! is &as!d %n a sin)!$! d!si$! #% ad% # a Fi"i in% na2! #% !$as! si ns %* *%$2!$ a"i!na !, a"" in %%d *ai#h and 6i#h%(# $! (di)! #% an'&%d'@ and *- 6h!n#h! s($na2! )a(s!s !2&a$$ass2!n# and #h!$! is n% sh%6in #ha# #h! d!si$!d )han ! %* na2! 6as *%$ a *$a(d("!n# ($ %s!, %$ #ha# #h! )han ! %* na2! 6%("d

$! (di)! (&"i) in#!$!s#.

P$i a#! $!s %nd!n# ass!$#s #ha# h!$ )as! *a""s (nd!$ %n! %* #h! (s#i a&"! $%(nds a*%$!)i#!d. Sh! sa's #ha# )%n*(si%n has a$is!n as #% h!$ a$!n#a ! &!)a(s!! !$ sin)! )hi"dh%%d, E$n!s#% Y( has a)#!d as h!$ *a#h!$, ass(2in d(#i!s %* $!a$in , )a$in and s( %$#in h!$. Sin)! sh! is ?n%6n in s%)i!#' as #h! da( h#!$%* E$n!s#% Y(, sh! )"ai2s #ha# sh! has &!!n s(& !)#!d #% in (i$i!s $! a$din h!$ (s! %* a di;!$!n# s($na2!, )a(sin h!$ 2()h h(2i"ia#i%n and !2&a$$ass2!n#.H%6! !$, i# is n%# d!ni!d #ha# $i a#! $!s %nd!n# has (s!d Vi)!n)i% as h!$ s($na2! in h!$ s)h%%" $!)%$ds and $!"a#!d d%)(2!n#s. B(# sh! had (s!d #h!s($na2! %* h!$ s#! *a#h!$, Y(, 6h!n sh! a$#i)i a#!d in (&"i) *(n)#i%ns, s()h as !n#!$in &!a(#' )%n#!s#s, na2!"', 6i#h #h! Li%ns C"(& and #h! Mani"a R!dC$%ss, and 6h!n sh! )!"!&$a#!d h!$ d!&(# a# #h! Mani"a H%#!". iii/41

Th! S%"i)i#%$ G!n!$a" h%6! !$ a$ (!s #ha# #h!$! is n% $% !$ and $!as%na&"! )a(s! #% 6a$$an# $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s )han ! %* s($na2!. S()h )han ! 2i h#! !n )a(s! )%n*(si%n and i ! $is! #% "! a" )%2 "i)a#i%ns d(! #% #h! *a)# #ha# $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s s#! *a#h!$ has #6% 3- )hi"d$!n 6i#h h!$ 2%#h!$. In #h!! !n# %* h!$ s#! *a#h!$s d!a#h, i# is %ssi&"! #ha# $i a#! $!s %nd!n# 2a' ! !n )"ai2 inh!$i#an)! $i h#s as a "! i#i2a#! da( h#!$. In his 2!2%$and(2, #h!S%"i)i#%$ G!n!$a", % in!s #ha# E$n!s#% Y( has n% in#!n#i%n %* 2a?in C'n#hia as an h!i$ &!)a(s! d!s i#! #h! s( !s#i%n 2ad! &!*%$! #h! !#i#i%n *%$ )han ! %* na2! 6as h!a$d &' #h! #$ia" )%($# #ha# #h! )han ! %* *a2i"' na2! #% Y( )%("d !$' !asi"' &! a)hi! !d &' ad% #i%n, h! has n%# % #!d *%$ s()h a $!2!d'. i>/51

J! nd 2!$i# in #h! S%"i)i#%$ G!n!$a"s )%n#!n#i%n.

Th! #%()hs#%n! *%$ #h! $an# %* a )han ! %* na2! is #ha# #h!$! &! proper and reasonable cause *%$ 6hi)h #h! )han ! is s%( h#. >/0 1 Th! assai"!d d!)isi%n asa+$2!d &' #h! a !""a#! )%($# d%!s n%# !$s(ad! (s #% d! a$# *$%2 #h! a "i)a&i"i#' %* #h! !n!$a" $("! %n #h! (s! %* s($na2!s >i/001 , s !)i )a""' #h! "a66hi)h $! (i$!s #ha# "! i#i2a#! )hi"d$!n sha"" $in)i a""' (s! #h! s($na2! %* #h!i$ *a#h!$ >ii/031 .

P$i a#! $!s %nd!n# C'n#hia Vi)!n)i% is #h! "! i#i2a#! %;s $in %* F! L!a&$!s and Pa&"% Vi)!n)i%. As $! i%(s"' s#a#!d, a "! i#i2a#! )hi"d !n!$a""' &!a$s #h!s($na2! %* his %$ h!$ *a#h!$. I# 2(s# &! s#$!ss!d #ha# a )han ! %* na2! is a $i i"! !, n%# a 2a##!$ %* $i h#, add$!ss!d #% #h! s%(nd dis)$!#i%n %* #h! )%($#,6hi)h has #h! d(#' #% )%nsid!$ )a$!*(""' #h! )%ns! (!n)!s %* a )han ! %* na2! and #% d!n' #h! sa2! (n"!ss 6!i h#' $!as%ns a$! sh%6n. >iii/081

C%n*(si%n ind!!d 2i h# a$is! 6i#h $! a$d #% $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s a$!n#a ! &!)a(s! %* h!$ s($na2!. B(# ! !n, 2%$! )%n*(si%n 6i#h $a ! "! a" )%ns! (!n)!s)%("d a$is! i* 6! a""%6 $i a#! $!s %nd!n# #% &!a$ h!$ s#! *a#h!$s s($na2!, ! !n i* sh! is n%# "! a""' ad% #!d &' hi2. Jhi"! $! i%(s d!)isi%ns ha ! a""%6!d)hi"d$!n #% &!a$ #h! s($na2! %* #h!i$ $!s !)#i ! s#! *a#h!$s ! !n 6i#h%(# #h! &!n! # %* ad% #i%n, #h!s! ins#an)!s sh%("d &! dis#in (ish!d *$%2 #h! $!s!n#)as!. In Ca"d!$%n s. R! (&"i), >i /0 1 and L"an!#a s. A $a a, > /071 #his C%($# a""%6!d #h! )%n)!$n!d )hi"d #% ad% # #h! s($na2! %* #h! s#! *a#h!$, &(# (n"i?!#h! si#(a#i%n in #h! $!s!n# )as! 6h!$! $i a#! $!s %nd!n# is a "! i#i2a#! )hi"d, in #h%s! )as!s #h! )hi"d$!n 6!$! n%# %* "! i#i2a#! a$!n#a !. In M%%$! s.R! (&"i) ,> i/0 1 6h!$! #h! )i$)(2s#an)!s a !a$s #% &! si2i"a$ #% #h! $!s!n# )as! &!*%$! (s, #h! C%($# ( h!"d #h! R! (&"i)s %si#i%n:

J! nd #!na&"! #his %&s!$ a#i%n %* % !$n2!n#s )%(ns!". Ind!!d, i* a )hi"d &%$n %(# %* a "a6*(" 6!d"%)? &! a""%6!d #% &!a$ #h! s($na2! %* #h! s!)%ndh(s&and %* #h! 2%#h!$, sh%("d #h! $s# h(s&and di! %$ &! s! a$a#!d &' a d!)$!! %* di %$)!, #h!$! 2a' $!s("# a )%n*(si%n as #% his $!a" a#!$ni#'. In #h! "%n$(n #h! )han ! 2a' $!d%(nd #% #h! $! (di)! %* #h! )hi"d in #h! )%22(ni#'.

Jhi"! #h! ($ %s! 6hi)h 2a' ha ! ani2a#!d !#i#i%n!$ is "a(si&"! and 2a' $(n a"%n #h! *!!"in %* )%$dia"i#' and s i$i#(a" $!"a#i%nshi #ha# !$ ad!s a2%n#h! 2!2&!$s %* #h! M%%$! *a2i"', %($ hand is d!*!$$!d &' a "! a" &a$$i!$ 6hi)h 6! )ann%# a# $!s!n# % !$"%%? %$ &$(sh asid!. > ii/091

Si2i"a$"' in Padi""a s. R! (&"i), > iii/041 #h! C%($# $("!d #ha#:

3


3/79

T% a""%6 said 2in%$s #% ad% # #h! s($na2! %* #h!i$ 2%#h!$s s!)%nd h(s&and, 6h% is n%# #h!i$ *a#h!$, )%("d $!s("# in )%n*(si%n in #h!i$ a#!$ni#'. I# )%("d a"s%)$!a#! #h! s(s i)i%n #ha# said 2in%$s, 6h% 6!$! &%$n d($in #h! )% !$#($! %* #h!i$ 2%#h!$ 6i#h h!$ $s# h(s&and, 6!$! in *a)# si$!d &' Ed6a$d Padi""a, #h(s&$in in #h!i$ "! i#i2a#! s#a#(s in#% dis)$!di#. >i>/051

P$i a#! $!s %nd!n#, 2i h# sin)!$!"' 6ish #% &! in a %si#i%n si2i"a$ #% #ha# %* h!$ s#! *a#h!$s "! i#i2a#! )hi"d$!n, a "a(si&"! $!as%n #h! !#i#i%n *%$ )han ! %* na2! 6as "!d in #h! $s# "a)!. M%$!% !$, i# is "a(da&"! #ha# E$n!s#% Y( has #$!a#!d C'n#hia as his !$' %6n da( h#!$, $% idin *%$ a"" h!$ n!!ds as a *a#h!$6%("d his %6n K!sh and &"%%d. H%6! !$, "! a" )%ns#$ain#s "!ad (s #% $! !)# $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s d!si$! #% (s! h!$ s#! *a#h!$s s($na2!. F($#h!$, #h!$! is n%ass($an)! #h! !nd $!s("# 6%("d n%# &! ! !n 2%$! d!#$i2!n#a" #% h!$ !$s%n, *%$ ins#!ad %* &$in in a s#% #% (!s#i%ns, #h! !$' )han ! %* na2!, i* $an#!d,)%("d #$i !$ 2()h d!! !$ in (i$i!s $! a$din h!$ a$!n#a !.

Las#"', 6h!n #his )as! 6as d!)id!d &' #h! a !""a#! )%($#, $i a#! $!s %nd!n# 6as a"$!ad' 04 '!a$s %"d &(# s#i"" )%nsid!$!d a 2in%$ &!)a(s! R! (&"i) A)#4 5, >>/3 1 "%6!$in #h! a ! %* 2a %$i#', 6as #h!n in !;!)#. H%6! !$, $! a$d"!ss %* $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s a !, %($ )%n)"(si%n $!2ains )%nsid!$in #h!

)i$)(2s#an)!s &!*%$! (s and #h! "a)? %* an' "! a""' (s#i a&"! )a(s! *%$ a""%6in #h! )han ! %* h!$ s($na2!.

WHEREFORE, #h! a !a"!d d!)isi%n is h!$!&' REVERSED and SET ASIDE @ and #h! ins#an# !#i#i%n is h!$!&' GRANTED.

SO ORDERED.

G.R. No. L-20997 April 27, 1967

IN THE MATTER OF THE ETITION TO !HANGE NAME OF ONG H"AN TIN TO TERESITA TAN ONG. H"AN TIN, !#i#i%n!$ a !""an#s.

RE "#LI! OF THE HILI INES, % %si#%$ a !""!!.

8


4/79

J. C. Yuseco for petitioner and appellant.O ce of the Solicitor General for oppositor and appellee.

SAN!HE$, J.:

P!#i#i%n #% )han ! #h! na2! %* On H(an Tin #% T!$!si#a Tan S !)ia" P$%)!!din 8730, $!ss!d #h!

% ini%n #ha# an a"i!n )ann%# a ai" hi2s!"* %* #h! $% isi%ns %* %($ R("!s %* C%($# $!"a#in #% )han ! %* na2! and #h!$!( %n d!ni!d #h! !#i#i%n. A 2% ! #%$!)%nsid!$ 6as $! !)#!d in #h! )%($# s %$d!$ %* N% !2&!$ 3 , 05 3. O;sh%%# is #h! $!s!n# a !a".

0. A# iss(! is 6h!#h!$ an a"i!n 2a' !#i#i%n *%$ a )han ! %* na2!. P$i2a$i"', #his (!s#i%n hin !s %n #h! $% !$ in#!$ $!#a#i%n %* #h! 6%$d !$s%n as i# is!2 "%'!d in R("! 0 8 %* #h! R("!s %* C%($#. This $%&"!2, &' a"" 2!ans, is n%# n!6.

In a $!)!n# (di)ia" #!s# In #h! P!#i#i%n *%$ #h! Chan ! %* Na2! %* is#in *a2i"' $!"a#i%ns, %$ in #h! $i h#s and d(#i!s K%6in #h!$!*$%2@n%$ d%!s i# )$!a#! n!6 *a2i"' $i h#s and d(#i!s 6h!$! n%n! &!*%$! 6!$! !>is#in . I# d%!s n%# a"#!$ %n! s "! a" )a a)i#', )i i" s#a#(s %$ )i#i=!nshi . Jha#is a"#!$!d is %n"' #h! na2!, 6hi)h in #ha# 6%$d %$ )%2&ina#i%n %* 6%$ds &' 6hi)h a !$s%n is dis#in (ish!d *$%2 %#h!$s and 6hi)h h! &!a$s as #h! "a&!"%$ a !""a#i%n *%$ #h! )%n !ni!n)! %* #h! 6%$"d a# "a$ ! in add$!ssin hi2, %$ in s !a?in %* %$ d!a"in 6i#h hi2 84 A2. is#!n)! %* s()h #i!s 2i h# &! !$$%n!%(s"' i2 $!ss!d %n #h! (&"i)2ind. B(# #his is $!)is!"' #h! ($ %s! %* #h! (di)ia" a "i)a#i%n #% d!#!$2in! 6h!#h!$ #h!$! is $% !$ and $!as%na&"! )a(s! *%$ #h! )han ! %* na2!. Ash!"d &' #his C%($# a$! s! !$a" )as!s, in 6hi)h !$#in!n#"' !n%( h #h! !#i#i%n!$s 6!$! a"i!ns, #h! )han ! is n%# a 2a##!$ %* $i h# &(# %* (di)ia" dis)$!#i%n, #% &!!>!$)is!d in #h! "i h# %* #h! $!as%ns add()!d and #h! )%ns! (!n)!s #ha# 6i"" "i?!"' *%""%6 On P!n Oan s. R! (&"i), L 4 87, N% . 0579@ Tan s. R! (&"i), L0 84 , A $i" 3 , 05 3@ On T! s. R! (&"i), L 077 5,


5/79

Chan ! %* na2! (nd!$ %($ %6n "a6 is a s !)ia" $%)!!din #% !s#a&"ish #h! s#a#(s %* a !$s%n in %" in his $!"a#i%ns 6i#h %#h!$s, #ha# is, his "! a" %si#i%nin, %$ 6i#h $! a$d #%, #h! $!s# %* #h! )%22(ni#'. Th! !#i#i%n #h!$!*%$ is di$!)#!d a ains# a"". I# is in rem . S% i# is, #ha# (nd!$ S!)#i%n 8 %* R("! 0 8, (&"i)a#i%n %* #h! !#i#i%n is $! (i$!d. 0

Th! &$%ad !n!$a" d%)#$in! is #ha# #h! s#a#(s %* an a"i!n indi id(a" is % !$n!d and )%n#$%""!d &' #h! lex domicilii .3 I2 "i)i# in #his $!)! # is #ha# an a"i!n 2a'&! a""%6!d #% )han ! his na2! h!$! %n"' i* h! &! d%2i)i"!d in #h! Phi"i in!s. And d%2i)i"! 2!ans !$2an!n# h%2!, #h! "a)! #% 6hi)h, 6h!n! !$ a&s!n#*%$ &(sin!ss %$ "!as($!, %n! in#!nds #% $!#($n, and d! !nds %n *a)#s and )i$)(2s#an)!s, in #h! s!ns! #ha# #h!' dis)"%s! in#!n#. 8

An a"i!n 6h% #!2 %$a$i"' s#a's in #h! Phi"i in!s 2a' n%# #h!$! a ai" %* #h! $i h# #% )han ! his na2!. F%$, 6ha# %%d 6i"" #ha# &! i*, a*#!$ a"", his s#a' 6i"" &! *%$a sh%$# !$i%d %* #i2! I# 6%("d n%# &! %* 2()h &!n! # #% hi2@ )%($# $%)!!din s *%$ #h! ($ %s! )%("d '!# &! a (s!"!ss )!$!2%n'@ #ha# sa"(#a$' !;!)#sK%6in *$%2 a )han ! %* his s%)ia" $!"a#i%n and )%ndi#i%n 2a' n%# #h(s &! a)hi! !d. And #h!n, s#%)? sh%("d &! #a?!n %* #h! *a)# #ha# in a )han ! %* na2!,#hi$d !$s%ns and #h! S#a#! a$! )%n)!$n!d. C%$$!)#, #h!n, i# is #% sa' #ha# )han ! %* na2! is n%# #!2 %$a$' in na#($!@ #h! n!6 na2! 2a' n%# &! sh(n#!d asid!a# 6i"".

J!, a))%$din "', "a' d%6n #h! $("! #ha# onl a"i!n d%2i)i"!d in #h! Phi"i in!s 2a' a "' *%$ )han ! %* na2! in #h! )%($#s #h!$!%*. !"#ph$!.%&t

C%nsid!$in #ha# #h! !#i#i%n h!$!in )%2 "i!s 6i#h #h! $! (isi#!s s!# *%$#h in #h! R("!s %* C%($#, 6! %#! #% s!# asid! #h! %$d!$s %* #h!


6/79

G.R. No. L-27621 A%&%'( )0, 197)

IN THE MATTER OF THE !HANGE OF NAMES OF SE!AN *O* + MARIL N SE, SE!AN *O*, !#i#i%n!$ a !""!!,s.

RE "#LI! OF THE HILI INES, % %si#%$ a !""an#.

O ce of the Solicitor General 1ntonio /. (arredo, 1ssistant Solicitor General /aci co /. de Castro for oppositor2appellant.

3mmanuel *. (ado for petitioner2appellee.

MA*ASIAR, J.:

A !a" &' #h! R! (&"i) %* #h! Phi"i in!s *$%2 #h! %$d!$ %* #h! C%($# %* Fi$s# Ins#an)! %* C%#a&a#% da#!d S! #!2&!$ 8, 05 $!ins#a#in #h! %$d!$ da#!d Ma$)h8 , 05 $an#in #h! 2%#i%n *%$ s( "!2!n#a" (d 2!n# %* !#i#i%n!$ a !""!! and a(#h%$i=in a !""!! s "! a" 6i*! L()ia O. T!! and #h!i$ 2in%$ )hi"d$!nna2!"', P!$*!)#%, R%2!%, T%2as, Dani!" and An#%ni%,


7/79

Th! !#i#i%n!$ has #h(s $!s!n#"' a) (i$!d #h$!! dis#in)# na2!s: C(a ian %?, S!)an %? and An#%ni% C(a. H! has )%nsis#!n#"' (s!d S!)an %as $! is#!$!d in #h! B($!a( %* I22i $a#i%n in his %+)ia" and &(sin!ss d!a"in s. B(# his *a2i"' and *$i!nds ha ! a"s% 2ad! (s! %* his Ch$is#ianna2!s, An#%ni% C(a. In *a)#, his '%(n !s# s%n has &!!n &a #i=!d as An#%ni% C(a, - 2in%$ )hi"d$!n #% C(a?%? 6h% 6!$! #h!n $! is#!$!d in #h! B($!a( %* I22i $a#i%n 6i#h #h! s($na2! %* C(a .0 05, ROA-.

On


8/79

A"" #h!s! )hi"d$!n 6!$! &a #i=!d in #h! R%2an Ca#h%"i) Ch($)h %* C%#a&a#% Ci#' &!a$in #h! %"d s($na2! %* #h! !#i#i%n!$ C(a. N%6, L()ia T!! %? d!si$! #% *%""%6 #h! n!6 s($na2! %* h!$ h(s&and C(a?%?. Th! )hi"d$!n P!$*!)#%, R%2!%, B!##', T%2as, Dani!" and An#%ni%, !)(#%$' 6h!n #h! $!s!n# 2%#i%n *%$ s( "!2!n#a"

(d 2!n# 6as "!d and #ha# #h! said 2%#i%n a2%(n#!d #% #h! $! % !nin %* #h! 2ain !#i#i%n in a))%$dan)! 6i#h R("!s 89 and 84 %* #h! R! is!d R("!s %* C%($#, and *%$#h6i#h s!# asid! i#s %$d!$ da#!d F!&$(a$' 34, 05 , 6i#h%(# $! (di)! #% !#i#i%n!$ s $i h# #% "! a n!6 and s! a$a#! !#i#i%n *%$ #h! ($ %s! .84, ROA-.

H%6! !$, ( %n 2%#i%n *%$ $!)%nsid!$a#i%n &' !#i#i%n!$ a !""!! %n A( (s# 39, 05 . 85 , ROA-, d!s i#! #h! % %si#i%n #h!$!#% &' #h! % !$n2!n# "!d%n S! #!2&!$ 0, 05 . 7 9, ROA-, #h! #$ia" )%($# in i#s %$d!$ da#!d S! #!2&!$ 8, 05 s!# asid! i#s %$d!$ da#!d Ma' 03, 05 and $!ins#a#!d i#s $! i%(s%$d!$ da#!d Ma$)h 8 , 05 . 9 5, ROA-, *$%2 6hi)h #h! S#a#! a !a"!d.

Th! a !a" sh%("d &! s(s#ain!d.

Th! $("!s a$! !$' !> "i)i#. S!)#i%n 3 %* R("! 0 8 %* #h! R! is!d R("!s %* C%($# $% id!s #ha# a !#i#i%n *%$ a )han ! %* na2! sha"" &! si n!d and !$i !d &' #h!!$s%n d!si$in his na2! #% &! )han !d, %$ s%2! %#h!$ !$s%n in his &!ha"*. Th!$! is n!!d #h!$!*%$! *%$ a s! a$a#! !#i#i%n #% &! "!d &' #h! 6i*! L()ia O. T!!,

6h% is a"$!ad' %* a !, in h!$ %6n &!ha"* and in &!ha"* %* h!$ 2in%$ )hi"d$!n.

Th!n a ain, #% )%n*!$ ($isdi)#i%n %n #h! )%($#, sin)! !#i#i%ns *%$ )han ! %* na2! a$! $%)!!din s in rem , s#$i)# )%2 "ian)! 6i#h #h! $! (i$!2!n#s is !ss!n#ia",na2!"', #ha# s()h !$i !d !#i#i%n sh%("d &! (&"ish!d *%$ #h$!! 8- s())!ssi ! 6!!?s in s%2! n!6s a !$s %* !n!$a" )i$)("a#i%n in #h! $% in)!@ and #ha#&%#h #h! #i#"! %$ )a #i%n %* #h! !#i#i%n and i#s &%d' sha"" $!)i#! 0- #h! na2! %$ na2!s %$ a"ias!s %* #h! a "i)an#@ 3- #h! )a(s! *%$ 6hi)h #h! )han ! %* na2!is s%( h#@ and 8- #h! na2! %$ na2!s %$ a"ias!s %* #h! a "i)an#@ 3- #h! )a(s! *%$ 6hi)h #h! )han ! %* na2! is s%( h#@ and 8- #h! n!6 na2! as?!d *%$. Th!$!as%n *%$ #h!s! $! (i$!2!n#s is #ha# a )han ! %* na2! is a 2a##!$ %* (&"i) in#!$!s#. Th! !#i#i%n!$ 2i h# &! in, #h! $% (!s a""!$' %$ hidin #% a %id s!$ i)!%* s!n#!n)! %$ )%2 "ian)! 6i#h a (d 2!n# in a )$i2ina" )as!, %$ )%("d ha ! !s)a !d *$%2 $is%n@ %$ i* an a"i!n, h! 2i h# ha ! i !n )a(s! *%$ d! %$#a#i%n %$2i h# &! %n! a ains# 6h%2 an %$d!$ %* d! %$#a#i%n 6as iss(!d %$ #ha# #h! n!6 na2! #h! !#i#i%n!$ d!si$!s #% ad% # 2a' &! si2i"a$ #% #ha# %* a $!s !)#a&"!

!$s%n and #h! "a##!$ 2i h# ha ! ! id!n)! #ha# !#i#i%n!$ is %* (nsa %$' $! (#a#i%n #ha# 2i h# i2 ai$ his %6n %%d na2!. B!in a $i i"! ! and n%# a $i h#, a)han ! %* na2! "i!s 6i#hin #h! dis)$!#i%n %* #h! )%($# i ! %$ 6i#hh%"d. Fai"($! #% )%2 "' 6i#h #h!s! ($isdi)#i%na" $! (i$!2!n#s, $!nd!$s #h! $%)!!din s an(""i#'. 1

T% a""%6 #h! )han ! %* na2! %* #h! 6i*! and %#h!$ 2in%$ )hi"d$!n %* !#i#i%n!$ a !""!!, ( %n a 2!$! 2%#i%n as an in)id!n# in #h! $%)!!din s *%$ #h! )han !%* na2! %* !#i#i%n!$ a !""!!, 6i"" n%# %n"' d! $i ! #h! % !$n2!n# %* #h! $! (i$!d "in *!!s #h!$!*%$ &(# 6i"" a"s% dis !ns! 6i#h #h! a*%$!said !ss!n#ia"$! (i$!2!n#s $!s !)#in #h! $!)i#a"s in #h! #i#"! %* #h! !#i#i%n and #h! (&"i)a#i%n #% a $is! !$s%ns, 6h% 2a' &! in %ss!ssi%n %* ad !$s! in*%$2a#i%n %$! id!n)! a ains# #h! $an# %* #h! !#i#i%n, s% #ha# #h!' 6i"" )%2! *%$6a$d 6i#h s()h in*%$2a#i%n %$ ! id!n)! in %$d!$ #% $%#!)# (&"i) in#!$!s# as 6!"" as #h!in#!$!s# %* $i a#! indi id(a"s 6h% 2a' &! $! (di)!d &' #h! )han ! %* na2! %* #h! !#i#i%n!$.

As $!i#!$a#!d in #h! a*%$!)i#!d )as!s, a"" #h! na2!s %$ a"ias!s %* !#i#i%n!$ 2(s# a !a$ in #h! #i#"! %$ )a #i%n %* #h! !#i#i%n@ &!)a(s! #h! $!ad!$ (s(a""'2!$!"' "an)!s a# #h! #i#"! %* #h! !#i#i%n and 2a' %n"' $%)!!d #% $!ad #h! !n#i$! !#i#i%n i* #h! #i#"! is %* in#!$!s# #% hi2. M%$!% !$, #h! !#i#i%n and #h! %$d!$di$!)#in i#s (&"i)a#i%n a$! (s(a""' *%(nd in #h! insid! %$ &a)? a !s %* a n!6s a !$, 6hi)h !s)a ! #h! n%#i)! %* #h! $!ad!$ 6h% 2!$!"' "an)!s a# #h! #i#"! %* #h! !#i#i%n and d%!s n%# n%#i)! #h! %#h!$ na2!s and %$ a"ias!s %* #h! a "i)an# i* #h!s! a$! 2!n#i%n!d %n"' in #h! &%d' %* #h! !#i#i%n %$ %$d!$.

Sin)! #h!$! is a #%#a" a&s!n)! %* a !#i#i%n si n!d &' L()ia O. T!! and h!$ %#h!$ 2in%$ )hi"d$!n and #h! (&"i)a#i%n #h!$!%*, #h! )ha""!n !d %$d!$s da#!d Ma$)h8 , 05 and S! #!2&!$ 8, 05 a$! )%2 "!#!"' %id ab initio .

Inas2()h as !#i#i%n!$ a !""!! s %6n !#i#i%n and #h! (&"i)a#i%n %* #h! sa2! d% n%# in)"(d! a"" his na2!s and a"ias!s, #h! n!6 na2! h! d!si$!s #% &!a$ as6!"" as #h%s! %* his 2in%$ da( h#!$ Ma$i"'n S!, #h! #$ia" )%($# "i?!6is! a) (i$!d n% ($isdi)#i%n % !$ his !#i#i%n and #h! d!)isi%n $an#in his !#i#i%n issi2i"a$"' %id ab initio and )%("d &! a##a)?!d )%""a#!$a""', i#ia#!d as i# 6as &' a *a#a" Ka6 "a)? %* ($isdi)#i%n.

4


9/79

IN VIEJ HEREOF, THE QUESTIONED ORDERS DATED SEPTEMBER 8, 05 AND MARCH 8 , 05 OF THE TRIAL COURT, AS JELL AS THE iii/81 and H%n.


10/79

$i a#! $!s %nd!n#s &!*%$! #h!i$ $!s !)#i ! sa"as *%$ #h! )an)!""a#i%n and %$ )%$$!)#i%n %* !n#$i!s in #h! $!)%$ds %* &i$#h %* !#i#i%n!$s ($s(an# #% R("! 0 4 %* #h! R! is!d R("!s %* C%($#.

This is a s#%$' %* #6% 3- s!#s %* )hi"d$!n si$!d &' %n! and #h! sa2! 2an &(# &! %##!n %* #6% 3- di;!$!n# 2%#h!$s. On! s!#, #h! $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s h!$!in,a$! #h! )hi"d$!n %* L!! T!? Sh!n and his "a6*(" 6i*!, !h Shi%? Ch!n . Th! %#h!$ s!#, #h! !#i#i%n!$s h!$!in, a$! a""! !d"' )hi"d$!n %* L!! T!? Sh!n and his)%n)(&in!, Ti( Ch(an.

Ri#a . L!!, L!%n)i% L!! T!? Sh!n , R%sa . L!! Vand!$"!?, M!"%d' . L!! Chin, L()ia . L!! T!? Sh!n On , )! #i%n %* E22a L!!, 6as

"!d &!*%$! #h! R! i%na" T$ia" C%($# RTC- %* Mani"a and d%)?!#!d as SP. PROC. NO. 53 8 53 >> /71 and "a#!$ assi n!d #% B$an)h 9 $!sid!d % !$ &'$!s %nd!n# )! # *%$ Ri#a . L!! 6h% 6as &%$n and $ais!d in China, $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s h!$!in 6!$! a"" &%$n and$ais!d in #h! Phi"i in!s.

S%2!#i2! in O)#%&!$, 05 4, L!! T!? Sh!n , *a)i"i#a#!d #h! a$$i a" in #h! Phi"i in!s *$%2 China %* a '%(n i$" na2!d Ti( Ch(an. Sh! 6as in#$%d()!d &' L!! T!? Sh!n #% his *a2i"' as #h!i$ n!6 h%(s!2aid &(# *a$ *$%2 &!)%2in #h!i$ h%(s!2aid, Ti( Ch(an i22!dia#!"' &!)a2! L!! T!? Sh!n s 2is#$!ss. As a $!s("#%* #h!i$ i""i)i# $!"a#i%ns, Ti( Ch(an a ! &i$#h #% !#i#i%n!$s.

Un?n%6n #% !h Shi%? Ch!n and $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s, ! !$' #i2! Ti( Ch(an a ! &i$#h #% !a)h %* #h! !#i#i%n!$s, #h!i$ )%22%n *a#h!$, L!! T!? Sh!n ,*a"si !d #h! !n#$i!s in #h! $!)%$ds %* &i$#h %* !#i#i%n!$s &' 2a?in i# a !a$ #ha# !#i#i%n!$s 2%#h!$ 6as !h Shi%? Ch!n .

Sin)! #h! &i$#h %* !#i#i%n!$s, i# 6as Ti( Ch(an 6h% a ! 2a#!$na" )a$! and (idan)! #% #h! !#i#i%n!$s. Th!' a"" "i !d in #h! sa2! )%2 %(nd !h Shi%? Ch!n

and $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s 6!$! $!sidin in. A"" 6as 6!"", #h!$!*%$!, &!*%$! $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s dis)% !$' %* #h! dish%n!s#' and *$a(d !$ !#$a#!d &' #h!i$ *a#h!$,L!! T!? Sh!n .

Th! #id!s #($n!d a*#!$ !h Shi%? Ch!n s d!2is! %n Ma' 5, 0545. L!! T!? Sh!n insis#!d #ha# #h! na2!s %* a"" his )hi"d$!n, in)"(din #h%s! %* !#i#i%n!$s, &!in)"(d!d in #h! %&i#(a$' n%#i)! %* !h Shi%? Ch!n s d!a#h #ha# 6as #% &! (&"ish!d in #h! n!6s a !$s. I# 6as #his s!!2in "' i$$a#i%na" a)# #ha# i (!d $i a#!$!s %nd!n#s )($i%si#', i* n%# s(s i)i%n. >> ii/91

A)#in %n #h!i$ s(s i)i%n, #h! $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s $! (!s#!d #h! Na#i%na" B($!a( %* In !s#i a#i%n NBI- #% )%nd()# an in !s#i a#i%n in#% #h! 2a##!$. A*#!$in !s#i a#i%n and !$i )a#i%n %* a"" !$#in!n# $!)%$ds, #h! NBI $! a$!d a $! %$# #ha# %in#!d %(#, a2%n %#h!$s, #h! *a"s! !n#$i!s in #h! $!)%$ds %* &i$#h %*

!#i#i%n!$s, s !)i )a""' #h! *%""%6in :

0. As !$ Bi$#h C!$#i )a#! %* MARCELO LEE Ann!> F 0-, #h!i$ *a#h!$, LEE TE SHENG 2ad! i# a !a$ #ha# h! is #h! 03 #h )hi"d %* M$s. EH SHIO CHENG&(# ( %n in !s#i a#i%n, i# 6as *%(nd %(# #ha# h!$ H%s i#a" R!)%$ds, #h! 2%#h!$ 6h% a ! &i$#h #% MARCELO LEE had i !n &i$#h *%$ #h! 0 s# #i2!, as !$dia n%sis %* #h! a##!ndin h'si)ian, D$. R. LIM, i# 6as GRAVIDA I, PARA I 6hi)h 2!ans $s# $! nan)', $s# "i ! &i$#h d!"i !$' $!*!$ #%: MASTER PATIENTSRECORDS SUMMARY Ann!> I-. A"s%, #h! a ! %* #h! 2%#h!$ 6h!n sh! a ! &i$#h #% MARCELO LEE as !$ $!)%$d 6as %n"' 09 '!a$s %"d, 6h!n in *a)# and in #$(#h,

EH SHIO CHENGs a ! 6as #h!n a"$!ad' 84 '!a$s %"d. Th! add$!ss (s!d &' #h!i$ *a#h!$ in #h! Mas#!$ Pa#i!n# $!)%$d 6as a"s% #h! sa2! as #h! Bi$#h C!$#i )a#!%* MARCELO LEE 3 37 Ri=a" A !n(!, Mani"a-. Th! na2! %* MARCELO LEE 6as $!)%$d!d (nd!$ H%s i#a" N%. 3309 4, a ! 98.

0


11/79

3. As !$ Bi$#h C!$#i )a#! %* ALBINA LEE Ann!> F 3-, i# 6as 2ad! #% a !a$ #ha# ALBINA LEE 6as #h! #hi$d )hi"d 6hi)h is 6i#h%(# an' $a#i%na"i#', &!)a(s!#h! 8 $d )hi"d %* EH SHIO CHENG is MELODY LEE TE SHENG Ann!> E 3-. N%#! a"s%, #ha# #h! a ! %* #h! 2%#h!$ as !$ H%s i#a" R!)%$ds (2 si)- *$%2 09 #%33 '!a$s %"d, &(# #h! %n"' a ! a %* MARCELO LEE and ALBINA LEE is %n"' 3 '!a$s.

8. As !$ Bi$#h C!$#i )a#! %* MARIANO LEE Ann!> F 8-, i# 6as 2ad! #% a !a$ #ha# MARIANO LEE 6as #h! 7 #h )hi"d, &(# #h! #$(#h is, EH SHIO CHENGs7 #h )hi"d is LUCIA LEE TE SHENG Ann!> E -. As !$ H%s i#a" R!)%$d, #h! a ! %* EH SHIO CHENG 6as %n"' 38 '!a$s %"d, 6hi"! #h! a)#(a" a ! %* EH SHIO CHENG, 6as #h!n a"$!ad' '!a$s %"d.

. As !$ Bi$#h C!$#i )a#! %* PABLO LEE Ann!> F -, i# 6as 2ad! #% a !a$ #ha# PABLO LEE 6as #h! 0 #h )hi"d %* EH SHIO CHENG 6hi)h is i2 %ssi&"! #%&! #$(!, )%nsid!$in #h! *a)# #ha# EH SHIO CHENG ha ! s#% !d )%n)!i in a*#!$ h!$ 00 #h )hi"d. A"s% as !$ H%s i#a" R!)%$d, #h! a ! %* #h! 2%#h!$ 6as%2i##!d in #h! $!)%$ds. I* PABLO LEE is #h! 0 #h )hi"d %* EH SHIO CHENG, i# 6%("d %n"' 2!an #ha# sh! ha ! si)- i !n &i$#h #% h!$ $s# &%$n )hi"d a# #h! a !%* 4 #% 5 '!a$s, 6hi)h is i2 %ssi&"! #% &! #$(!.

Bas!d %n #h! &i$#h $!)%$d %* MARIANO LEE in 0578, #h! $!)%$d!d a ! %* EH SHIO CHENG 6as 38 '!a$s %"d. T6% '!a$s a*#!$ PABLO LEE 6as &%$n in 0577, #h!di;!$!n)! is %n"' 3 '!a$s, s% i# is i2 %ssi&"! *%$ PABLO LEE #% &! #h! 0 #h )hi"d %* EH SHIO CHENG, as i# 6i"" %n"' 2!an #ha# sh! ha ! si)- i !n &i$#h a# #ha#i2 %ssi&"! a !.

7. As !$ Bi$#h C!$#i )a#! %* HELEN LEE Ann!> F 7-, i# 6as 2ad! #% a !a$ #ha# sh! is #h! #h )hi"d %* EH SHIO CHENG, &(# as !$ Bi$#h C!$#i )a#! %* E 7-, h! is #h! #$(! #h )hi"d %* EH SHIO CHENG. P!$ H%s i#a" R!)%$d, EH SHIO CHENG is %n"' 34 '!a$s %"d, 6hi"! EH SHIO CHENGS#$(! a ! a# #ha# #i2! 6as 7 '!a$s %"d.

. EMMA LEE has n% $!)%$d in #h! h%s i#a" &!)a(s!, as !$ )%2 "ainan#s a""! a#i%n, sh! 6as &%$n a# #h!i$ h%(s!, and 6as "a#!$ ad2i##!d a# Chin!s!G!n!$a" H%s i#a".

9. As !$ Bi$#h C!$#i )a#! %* CATALINO LEE Ann!> F 9-, i# 6as 2ad! #% a !a$ #ha# h! is #h! 0 #h )hi"d %* EH SHIO CHENG, and #ha# #h! a ! %* EHSHIO CHENG a.?.a. M$s. LEE TE SHENG, (2 !d *$%2 34 '!a$s %"d a# #h! &i$#h %* HELEN LEE %n 38 A( (s# 0579 #% 84 '!a$s %"d a# #h! &i$#h %* CATALINO LEE%n 33 A $i" 0575.

4. As !$ Bi$#h C!$#i )a#! %* EUSEBIO LEE, #h! a""! !d "as# s%n %* EH SHIO CHENG, #h! a ! %* #h! 2%#h!$ is 4 '!a$s %"d. H%6! !$, as !$ H%s i#a"R!)%$d, #h! a ! %* M$s. LEE TE SHENG, #h!n 6as %n"' 85 '!a$s %"d. C%nsid!$in #h! *a)#, #ha# a# #h! #i2! %* MARCELOs &i$#h %n 00 Ma' 057 . EH SHIO CHENGs a ! is 84 '!a$s %"d and a# #h! #i2! %* EUSEBIOs &i$#h, sh! is a"$!ad' 4 '!a$s %"d, i# is a"$!ad' i2 %ssi&"! #ha# sh! )%("d ha ! i !n &i$#h #% 4 )hi"d$!n

in a s an %* %n"' 0 '!a$s a# h!$ a !. As !$ dia n%sis, #h! a""! !d 2%#h!$ $! is#!$!d %n EUSEBIOs &i$#h indi)a#! #ha# sh! had (nd!$ %n! CEASARIANSECTION, 6hi)h D$. RITA . LEE said is n%# #$(!.

In i!6 %* #h! *%$! %in *a)#s, #h! NBI )%n)"(d!d #ha#:

0 . In )%n)"(si%n, as !$ Chin!s! G!n!$a" H%s i#a" Pa#i!n#s R!)%$ds, i# is !$' %& i%(s #ha# #h! 2%#h!$ %* #h!s! 4 )hi"d$!n is )!$#ain"' n%# EHSHIO CHENG, &(# a 2()h '%(n !$ 6%2an, 2%s# $%&a&"' TIU CHUAN. U %n *($#h!$ ! a"(a#i%n and ana"'sis &' #h!s! A !n#s, LEE TE SHENG, is in a (anda$' in >in #h! a ! %* EH SHIO CHENG %ssi&"' #% )%n*%$2 6i#h his $and d!si n %* 2a?in his 4 )hi"d$!n as #h!i$%6n "! i#i2a#! )hi"d$!n, )%ns! (!n#"' !"! a#in #h! s#a#(s %* his 3 nd *a2i"' and s!)($! #h!i$ *(#($!. Th! d%)#%$ "a2!n#!d #ha# #his)%2 "ain# 6%("d n%# ha ! &!!n n!)!ssa$' had n%# #h! *a#h!$ and his 3 nd *a2i"' ?! # %n insis#in #ha# #h! 4 )hi"d$!n a$! #h! "! i#i2a#!)hi"d$!n %* EH SHIO CHENG. >> iii/41

I# 6as #his $! %$# #ha# $%2 #!d $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s #% "! #h! !#i#i%ns *%$ )an)!""a#i%n and %$ )%$$!)#i%n %* !n#$i!s in !#i#i%n!$s $!)%$ds %* &i$#h 6i#h #h!"%6!$ )%($#s.

00


12/79

Th! !#i#i%n!$s "!d a 2%#i%n #% dis2iss &%#h !#i#i%ns SP. PROC. NO. 53 8 53 and SP. PROC. NO. C 0 9 %n #h! $%(nds #ha#: 0- $!s%$# #% R("! 0 4 isi2 $% !$ 6h!$! #h! ("#i2a#! %& !)#i ! is #% assai" #h! "! i#i2a)' and "ia#i%n %* !#i#i%n!$s@ 3- #h! !#i#i%n, 6hi)h is !ss!n#ia""' an a)#i%n #% i2 ( n "! i#i2a)'6as "!d $!2a#($!"'@ and 8- #h! a)#i%n #% i2 ( n has a"$!ad' $!s)$i&!d. >>i>/51

On F!&$(a$' 03, 0558, $!s %nd!n# >>/0 1 Th!n %n F!&$(a$' 09, 0558, !ns! %* #h! !#i#i%n!$s, %n)! a 6!!? *%$ #h$!! 8- )%ns!)(#i ! 6!!?s in a n!6s a !$ %* !n!$a" )i$)("a#i%n in#h! Phi"i in!s.

L!# )% i!s %* #h! !$i !d !#i#i%n 6i#h i#s ann!>!s and %* #his O$d!$ &! s!$ !d ( %n #h! O+)! %* #h! S%"i)i#%$ G!n!$a", and #h! $!s %nd!n#s, and &! %s#!d %n#h! B(""!#in B%a$d %* #his C%($#, a"s% a# #h! !> !ns! %* #h! !#i#i%n!$s.

SO ORDERED. >>>i/001

On #h! %#h!$ hand, $!s %nd!n# >>i /0 1 P!#i#i%n!$s M%#i%n R!)%nsid!$a#i%n %* #h! said d!)isi%n 6as a"s% d!ni!d &' #h! C%($# %* A !a"s in a R!s%"(#i%n da#!d D!)!2&!$ 05, 055 . >>> /071

03


13/79

H!n)!, #his !#i#i%n.

I. P!#i#i%n!$s )%n#!nd #ha# $!s%$# #% R("! 0 4 %* #h! R! is!d R("!s %* C%($# is i2 $% !$ sin)! $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s s!!? #% ha ! #h! !n#$' *%$ #h! na2! %* !#i#i%n!$s 2%#h!$ )han !d *$%2 !h Shi%? Ch!n #% Ti( Ch(an 6h% is a )%2 "!#!"' di;!$!n# !$s%n. Jha# $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s #h!$!*%$! s!!? is n%# 2!$!"' a

)%$$!)#i%n in na2! &(# a d!)"a$a#i%n #ha# !#i#i%n!$s 6!$! n%# &%$n %* L!! T!? Sh!n s "! i#i2a#! 6i*!, !h Shi%? Ch!n , &(# %* his 2is#$!ss, Ti( Ch(an, in!;!)# a &as#a$di=a#i%n %* !#i#i%n!$s. >>> i/0 1 P!#i#i%n!$s #h(s "a&!" $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s s(i#s &!*%$! #h! "%6!$ )%($#s as a )%""a#!$a" a##a)? a ains# #h!i$"! i#i2a)' in #h! (is! %* a R("! 0 4 $%)!!din .

D!&(n?in !#i#i%n!$s a&% ! )%n#!n#i%n, #h! C%($# %* A !a"s %&s!$ !d:

> > > > > > > > >.

As )%$$!)#"' %in#!d %(# &' #h! $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s in #h!i$ )%22!n# > > >, #h! $%)!!din s a$! si2 "' ai2!d a# !s#a&"ishin a a$#i)("a$ *a)#, s#a#(s and %$$i h#. S#a#!d di;!$!n#"', #h! #h$(s# %* said $%)!!din s 6as #% !s#a&"ish #h! *a)#(a" #$(#h $! a$din #h! %))($$!n)! %* )!$#ain ! !n#s 6hi)h )$!a#!d %$ a;!)#!d#h! s#a#(s %* !$s%ns and %$ %#h!$6is! d! $i !d said !$s%ns %* $i h#s. >>> ii/091

> > > > > > > > >.

I# is $!)is!"' #h! $% in)! %* a s !)ia" $%)!!din s()h as #h! %n! %(#"in!d (nd!$ R("! 0 4 %* #h! R! is!d R("!s %* C%($# #% !s#a&"ish #h! s#a#(s %$ $i h# %* aa$#', %$ a a$#i)("a$ *a)#. >>> iii/041 Th! !#i#i%ns "!d &' $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s *%$ #h! )%$$!)#i%n %* !n#$i!s in #h! !#i#i%n!$s $!)%$ds %* &i$#h 6!$! in#!nd!d #%

!s#a&"ish #ha# *%$ h'si)a" and %$ &i%"% i)a" $!as%ns i# 6as i2 %ssi&"! *%$ !h Shi%? Ch!n #% ha ! )%n)!i !d and i !n &i$#h #% #h! !#i#i%n!$s as sh%6n in#h!i$ &i$#h $!)%$ds. C%n#$a$' #% !#i#i%n!$s )%n#!n#i%n #ha# #h! !#i#i%ns &!*%$! #h! "%6!$ )%($#s 6!$! a)#(a""' a)#i%ns #% i2 ( n "! i#i2a)', #h! $a'!$ #h!$!inis n%# #% d!)"a$! #ha# !#i#i%n!$s a$! i""! i#i2a#! )hi"d$!n %* !h Shi%? Ch!n , &(# #% !s#a&"ish #ha# #h! *%$2!$ a$! n%# #h! "a##!$s )hi"d$!n. Th!$! is n%#hin #%i2 ( n as #h!$! is n% &"%%d $!"a#i%n a# a"" &!#6!!n !h Shi%? Ch!n and !#i#i%n!$s. >>>i>/051

F($#h!$ san)#i%nin $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s $!s%$# #% R("! 0 4, #h! C%($# %* A !a"s ad !$#!d #% %($ $("in in #h! "!adin )as! %* 'epublic vs. 4alencia >"/3 1 6h!$6! a+$2!d #h! d!)isi%n %* B$an)h I %* #h! #h!n C%($# %* Fi$s# Ins#an)! CFI- %* C!&( Ci#' %$d!$in #h! )%$$!)#i%n in #h! na#i%na"i#' and )i i" s#a#(s %*

!#i#i%n!$s 2in%$ )hi"d$!n as s#a#!d in #h!i$ $!)%$ds %* &i$#h *$%2 Chin!s! #% Fi"i in%, and "! i#i2a#! #% i""! i#i2a#!, $!s !)#i !"'. A"#h%( h $!)% ni=in #ha# #h!)han !s %$ )%$$!)#i%ns s%( h# #% &! !;!)#!d a$! n%# 2!$! )"!$i)a" !$$%$s %* a ha$2"!ss %$ inn%)(%(s na#($!, #his C%($#, si##in en banc , h!"d #h!$!in #ha# ! !ns(&s#an#ia" !$$%$s in a )i i" $! is#!$ 2a' &! )%$$!)#!d and #h! #$(! *a)#s !s#a&"ish!d $% id!d #h! a$#i!s a $i! !d &' #h! !$$%$ a ai" #h!2s!" !s %* #h!+ppropri+(/ + /r'+r pro // i & .>"i/301 In #h! said )as!, 6! a"s% "aid d%6n #h! $("! #ha# a $%)!!din *%$ )%$$!)#i%n and %$ )an)!""a#i%n %* !n#$i!s in #h!

)i i" $! is#!$ (nd!$ R("! 0 4 )!as!s #% &! s(22a$' in na#($! and #a?!s %n #h! )ha$a)#!$is#i)s %* an +ppropri+(/ + /r'+r pro // i & 6h!n a"" #h$%)!d($a" $! (i$!2!n#s (nd!$ R("! 0 4 a$! )%2 "i!d 6i#h. Th(s 6! h!"d:

P$% id!d #h! #$ia" )%($# has )%nd()#!d $%)!!din s 6h!$! a"" $!"! an# *a)#s ha ! &!!n *(""' and $% !$"' d! !"% !d, 6h!$! % %sin )%(ns!" ha ! &!!n i !n% %$#(ni#' #% d!2%"ish #h! % %si#! a$#'s )as!, and 6h!$! #h! ! id!n)! has &!!n #h%$%( h"' 6!i h!d and )%nsid!$!d, #h! s(i# %$ $%)!!din is a $% $ia#!.

Th! !$#in!n# s!)#i%ns %* $("! 0 4 $% id!:

SEC. 8. /arties . Jh!n )an)!""a#i%n %$ )%$$!)#i%n %* an !n#$' in #h! )i i" $! is#!$ is s%( h#, #h! )i i" $! is#$a$ and a"" !$s%ns 6h% ha ! %$ )"ai2 an' in#!$!s#6hi)h 6%("d &! a;!)#!d #h!$!&' sha"" &! 2ad! a$#i!s #% #h! $%)!!din .

SEC. . 5otice and publication. U %n #h! "in %* #h! !#i#i%n, #h! )%($# sha"", &' an %$d!$, > #h! #i2! and "a)! *%$ #h! h!a$in %* #h! sa2!, and )a(s!$!as%na&"! n%#i)! #h!$!%* #% &! i !n #% #h! !$s%ns na2!d in #h! !#i#i%n. Th! )%($# sha"" a"s% )a(s! #h! %$d!$ #% &! (&"ish!d %n)! in a 6!!? *%$ #h$!! 8-)%ns!)(#i ! 6!!?s in a n!6s a !$ %* !n!$a" )i$)("a#i%n in #h! $% in)!.

08


14/79

SEC. 7. Opposition. Th! )i i" $! is#$a$ and an' !$s%n ha in %$ )"ai2in an' in#!$!s# (nd!$ #h! !n#$' 6h%s! )an)!""a#i%n %$ )%$$!)#i%n is s%( h# 2a', 6i#hin*#!!n 07- da's *$%2 n%#i)! %* #h! !#i#i%n, %$ *$%2 #h! "as# da#! %* (&"i)a#i%n %* s()h n%#i)!, "! his % %si#i%n #h!$!#%.

Th(s, #h! !$s%ns 6h% 2(s# &! 2ad! a$#i!s #% a $%)!!din )%n)!$nin #h! )an)!""a#i%n %$ )%$$!)#i%n %* an !n#$' in #h! )i i" $! is#!$ a$! 0- #h! )i i"$! is#$a$, and 3- a"" !$s%ns 6h% ha ! %$ )"ai2 an' in#!$!s# 6hi)h 6%("d &! a;!)#!d #h!$!&'. U %n #h! "in %* #h! !#i#i%n, i# &!)%2!s #h! d(#' %* #h! )%($##% 0- iss(! an %$d!$ >in #h! #i2! and "a)! *%$ #h! h!a$in %* #h! !#i#i%n, and 3- )a(s! #h! %$d!$ *%$ h!a$in #% &! (&"ish!d %n)! a 6!!? *%$ #h$!! 8-)%ns!)(#i ! 6!!?s in a n!6s a !$ %* !n!$a" )i$)("a#i%n in #h! $% in)!. Th! *%""%6in a$! "i?!6is! !n#i#"!d #% % %s! #h! !#i#i%n: 0- #h! )i i" $! is#$a$, and

3- an' !$s%n ha in %$ )"ai2in an' in#!$!s# (nd!$ #h! !n#$' 6h%s! )an)!""a#i%n %$ )%$$!)#i%n is s%( h#.

I* a"" #h!s! $%)!d($a" $! (i$!2!n#s ha ! &!!n *%""%6!d, a !#i#i%n *%$ )%$$!)#i%n and %$ )an)!""a#i%n %* !n#$i!s in #h! $!)%$d %* &i$#h ! !n i* "!d and)%nd()#!d (nd!$ R("! 0 4 %* #h! R! is!d R("!s %* C%($# )an n% "%n !$ &! d!s)$i&!d as s(22a$'. Th!$! )an &! n% d%( #ha# 6h!n an % %si#i%n #% #h!

!#i#i%n is "!d !i#h!$ &' #h! Ci i" R! is#$a$ %$ an' !$s%n ha in %$ )"ai2in an' in#!$!s# in #h! !n#$i!s s%( h# #% &! )an)!""!d and %$ )%$$!)#!d and #h!% %si#i%n is a)#i !"' $%s!)(#!d, #h! $%)!!din s #h!$!%n &!)%2! ad !$sa$' $%)!!din s. >"ii/331 Und!$s)%$in s( "i!d.-

T% #h! 2ind %* #h! C%($# %* A !a"s, #h! $%)!!din s #a?!n in &%#h !#i#i%ns *%$ )an)!""a#i%n and %$ )%$$!)#i%n %* !n#$i!s in #h! $!)%$ds %* &i$#h %* !#i#i%n!$s in#h! "%6!$ )%($#s a$! a $% $ia#! ad !$sa$' $%)!!din s.

J! a $!!. As )%$$!)#"' %&s!$ !d &' #h! C%($# %* A !a"s:

In #h! ins#an# )as!, a !#i#i%n *%$ )an)!""a#i%n and %$ )%$$!)#i%n %* !n#$i!s %* &i$#h 6as "!d &' $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s and ($s(an# #% #h! %$d!$ %* #h! RTC Mani"a,da#!d F!&$(a$' 09, 0558, a )% ' %* #h! %$d!$ s!##in #h! )as! *%$ h!a$in 6as %$d!$!d (&"ish!d %n)! a 6!!? *%$ #h$!! 8- )%ns!)(#i ! 6!!?s in a n!6s a !$%* !n!$a" )i$)("a#i%n in #h! Phi"i in!s. In #h! RTC a"%%?an, #h!$! 6as an a)#(a" (&"i)a#i%n %* #h! %$d!$ s!##in #h! )as! *%$ h!a$in in M!dia U da#! %n)! a6!!? *%$ #h$!! 8- )%ns!)(#i ! 6!!?s. In &%#h )as!s n%#i)!s %* #h! %$d!$s 6!$! %$d!$!d s!$ !d ( %n #h! S%"i)i#%$ G!n!$a", #h! Ci i" R! is#$a$s %* Mani"a and

a"%%?an and ( %n #h! !#i#i%n!$s h!$!in. B%#h %$d!$s s!# #h! )as! *%$ h!a$in and di$!)#!d #h! Ci i" R! is#$a$s and #h! %#h!$ $!s %nd!n#s in #h! )as! &!"%6 #%"! #h!i$ % %si#i%ns #% #h! said !#i#i%ns. A 2%#i%n #% dis2iss 6as )%ns! (!n#"' "!d &' h!$!in !#i#i%n!$s Ma$)!"%, Ma$ian%, Pa&"%, H!"!n, Ca#a"in% and

E(s!&i%, a"" s($na2!d L!!, and A"&ina L!! Y%(n in #h! RTC Mani"a, and an % %si#i%n 6as "!d &' E22a L!! in #h! RTC a"%%?an.

In i!6 %* #h! *%$! %in , 6! h%"d #ha# #h! !#i#i%ns "!d &' #h! $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s in #h! )%($#s &!"%6 &' 6a' %* a s !)ia" $%)!!din *%$ )an)!""a#i%n and %$)%$$!)#i%n %* !n#$i!s in #h! )i i" $! is#!$s 6i#h #h! $! (isi#! a$#i!s, n%#i)!s and (&"i)a#i%ns )%("d !$' 6!"" &! $! a$d!d as #ha# $% !$ s(i# %$ a $% $ia#!a)#i%n. >"iii/381 Und!$s)%$in s( "i!d.-

Th! !#i#i%n!$s ass!$#, h%6! !$, #ha# 2a?in #h! $%)!!din s ad !$sa$ia" d%!s n%# i ! #$ia" )%($#s #h! "i)!ns! #% % &!'%nd #h! a2&i# %* R("! 0 4 6hi)h is"i2i#!d #% #h%s! )%$$!)#i%ns )%n#!2 "a#!d &' A$#i)"! 03 %* #h! N!6 Ci i" C%d! %$ 2!$! )"!$i)a" !$$%$s %* a ha$2"!ss %$ inn%)(%(s na#($!. >"i /3 1 Th! !#i#i%n!$%in# #% #h! )as! %* )aba o2'o#e vs. 'epublic, >" /371 6hi)h is %* a "a#!$ da#! #han 'epublic vs. 4alencia, >" i/3 1 6h!$! #his C%($# $! !$#!d #% #h! d%)#$in! "aid

d%6n in !a$"i!$ )as!s, >" ii/391 s#a$#in 6i#h 6 7on 6in vs. 'epublic, >" iii/341 $%hi&i#in #h! !>#!nsi%n %* #h! a "i)a#i%n %* R("! 0 4 &!'%nd inn%)(%(s %$ha$2"!ss )han !s %$ )%$$!)#i%ns. P!#i#i%n!$s )%n#!nd #ha# as h!"d in Go, et al. vs. Civil 'e istrar ,>"i>/351 a""%6in s(&s#an#ia" )han !s (nd!$ R("! 0 4 6%("d$!nd!$ #h! said $("! (n)%ns#i#(#i%na" as #h! sa2! 6%("d ha ! #h! !;!)# %* in)$!asin %$ 2%di*'in s(&s#an#i ! $i h#s.

A# #h! %(#s!#, i# sh%("d &! %in#!d %(# #ha# in #h! )i#!d )as! %* )aba o2'o#e vs. 'epublic ,"/8 1 #h! $!as%n 6! d!)"a$!d n("" and %id #h! %$#i%n %* #h! "%6!$)%($#s %$d!$ di$!)#in #h! )han ! %* La&a'% R%6!s )i i" s#a#(s and #h! "ia#i%n %* %n! %* h!$ )hi"d$!n as a !a$in in #h! "a##!$s $!)%$d %* &i$#h, is n%# &!)a(s!R("! 0 4 6as ina $% $ia#! #% !;!)# s()h )han !s, &(# &!)a(s! La&a'% R%6!s !#i#i%n &!*%$! #h! "%6!$ )%($# *ai"!d #% i2 "!ad a"" indis !nsa&"! a$#i!s #% #h!)as!.

J! !> "ain!d in #his 6is!:

> > >. An a $% $ia#! $%)!!din is $! (i$!d 6h!$!in a"" #h! indis !nsa&"! a$#i!s sh%("d &! 2ad! a$#i!s #% #h! )as! as $! (i$!d (nd!$ S!)#i%n 8, R("! 0 4 %* #h! R! is!d R("!s %* C%($#.

0


15/79

In #h! )as! &!*%$! Us, sin)! %n"' #h! O+)! %* #h! S%"i)i#%$ G!n!$a" 6as n%#i !d #h$%( h #h! O+)! %* #h! P$% in)ia" Fis)a", $! $!s!n#in #h! R! (&"i) %* #h!Phi"i in!s as #h! %n"' $!s %nd!n#, #h! $%)!!din s #a?!n, 6hi)h is s(22a$' in na#($!, is sh%$# %* 6ha# is $! (i$!d in )as!s 6h!$! s(&s#an#ia" a"#!$a#i%ns a$!s%( h#. Asid! *$%2 #h! O+)! %* #h! S%"i)i#%$ G!n!$a", a"" %#h!$ indis !nsa&"! a$#i!s sh%("d ha ! &!!n 2ad! $!s %nd!n#s. Th!' in)"(d! n%# %n"' #h! d!)"a$!d*a#h!$ %* #h! )hi"d &(# #h! )hi"d as 6!"", #% !#h!$ 6i#h #h! a#!$na" $and a$!n#s, i* an', as #h!i$ h!$!di#a$' $i h#s 6%("d &! ad !$s!"' a;!)#!d #h!$!&'. A""%#h!$ !$s%ns 6h% 2a' &! a;!)#!d &' #h! )han ! sh%("d &! n%#i !d %$ $! $!s!n#!d > > >.

> > > > > > > > >.

Th! $i h# %* #h! )hi"d Vi)#%$ia #% inh!$i# *$%2 h!$ a$!n#s 6%("d &! s(&s#an#ia""' i2 ai$!d i* h!$ s#a#(s 6%("d &! )han !d *$%2 "! i#i2a#! #% i""! i#i2a#!.M%$!% !$, sh! 6%("d &! !> %s!d #% h(2i"ia#i%n and !2&a$$ass2!n# $!s("#in *$%2 #h! s#i 2a %* an i""! i#i2a#! "ia#i%n #ha# sh! 6i"" &!a$ #h!$!a*#!$. Th! *a)##ha# #h! n%#i)! %* h!a$in %* #h! !#i#i%n 6as (&"ish!d in a n!6s a !$ %* !n!$a" )i$)("a#i%n and n%#i)! #h!$!%* 6as s!$ !d ( %n #h! S#a#! 6i"" n%# )han ! #h!na#($! %* #h! $%)!!din s #a?!n. R("! 0 4, "i?! a"" #h! %#h!$ $% isi%ns %* #h! R("!s %* C%($#, 6as $%2(" a#!d &' #h! S( $!2! C%($# ($s(an# #% i#s $("!2a?in a(#h%$i#' (nd!$ S!)#i%n 08, A$#i)"! VIII %* #h! 0598 C%ns#i#(#i%n, 6hi)h di$!)#s #ha# s()h $("!s sha"" n%# di2inish, in)$!as! %$ 2%di*' s(&s#an#i ! $i h#s.I* R("! 0 4 6!$! #% &! !>#!nd!d &!'%nd inn%)(%(s %$ ha$2"!ss )han !s %$ )%$$!)#i%ns %* !$$%$s 6hi)h a$! isi&"! #% #h! !'! %$ %& i%(s #% #h! (nd!$s#andin ,

s% as #% )%2 $!h!nd s(&s#an#ia" and )%n#$% !$sia" a"#!$a#i%ns )%n)!$nin )i#i=!nshi , "! i#i2a)' %* a#!$ni#' %$ "ia#i%n, %$ "! i#i2a)' %* 2a$$ia !, 6i#h%(#%&s!$ in #h! $% !$ $%)!!din s as !a$"i!$ 2!n#i%n!d, said $("! 6%("d #h!$!&' &!)%2! an (n)%ns#i#(#i%na" !>!$)is! 6hi)h 6%("d #!nd #% in)$!as! %$ 2%di*'s(&s#an#i ! $i h#s. This si#(a#i%n is n%# )%n#!2 "a#!d (nd!$ A$#i)"! 03 %* #h! Ci i" C%d!. "i/801 Und!$s)%$in s( "i!d-.

Fa$ *$%2 !#i#i%n!$s #h!%$', #his C%($#s $("in in )aba o2'o#e vs. 'epublic "ii/831 d%!s n%# !>)"(d! $!)%($s! #% R("! 0 4 %* #h! R! is!d R("!s %* C%($# #% !;!)#s(&s#an#ia" )han !s %$ )%$$!)#i%ns in !n#$i!s %* #h! )i i" $! is#!$. Th! %n"' $! (isi#! is #ha# #h! $%)!!din s (nd!$ R("! 0 4 &! an +ppropri+(/ + /r'+rpro // i & as )%n#$a dis#in (ish!d *$%2 a '%33+r pro // i &. Th(s:

I* #h! ($ %s! %* #h! !#i#i%n /*%$ )an)!""a#i%n and %$ )%$$!)#i%n %* !n#$i!s in #h! )i i" $! is#!$1 is 2!$!"' #% )%$$!)# #h! )"!$i)a" !$$%$s 6hi)h a$! isi&"! #% #h!!'! %$ %& i%(s #% #h! (nd!$s#andin , #h! )%($# 2a', (nd!$ a s(22a$' $%)!d($!, iss(! an %$d!$ *%$ #h! )%$$!)#i%n %* a 2is#a?!. H%6! !$, as $! !a#!d"')%ns#$(!d, )han !s 6hi)h 2a' a;!)# #h! )i i" s#a#(s *$%2 "! i#i2a#! #% i""! i#i2a#!, as 6!"" as s!>, a$! s(&s#an#ia" and )%n#$% !$sia" a"#!$a#i%ns 6hi)h )an %n"'&! a""%6!d a*#!$ a $% $ia#! ad !$sa$' $%)!!din s d! !ndin ( %n #h! na#($! %* #h! iss(!s in %" !d. Chan !s 6hi)h a;!)# #h! )i i" s#a#(s %$ )i#i=!nshi %* a

a$#' a$! s(&s#an#ia" in )ha$a)#!$ and sh%("d &! #h$!sh!d %(# in a $% !$ a)#i%n d! !ndin ( %n #h! na#($! %* #h! iss(!s in )%n#$% !$s', and 6h!$!in a"" #h!a$#i!s 6h% 2a' &! a;!)#!d &' #h! !n#$i!s a$! n%#i !d %$ $! $!s!n#!d and ! id!n)! is s(&2i##!d #% $% ! #h! a""! a#i%ns %* #h! )%2 "ain#, and $%%* #% #h!

)%n#$a$' ad2i##!d. > > >. "iii/881 Und!$s)%$in s( "i!d.-

I# is #$(! #ha# in s !)ia" $%)!!din s *%$2a" "!adin s and a h!a$in 2a' &! dis !ns!d 6i#h, and #h! $!2!d' $an#!d ( %n 2!$! a "i)a#i%n %$ 2%#i%n. B(# #hisis n%# a"6a's #h! )as!, as 6h!n #h! s#a#(#! !> $!ss"' $% id!s. "i /8 1 H!n)!, a s !)ia" $%)!!din is n%# a"6a's s(22a$'. On! %n"' has #% #a?! a "%%? a# #h!

$%)!d($! %(#"in!d in R("! 0 4 #% s!! #ha# 6ha# is )%n#!2 "a#!d #h!$!in is n%# a s(22a$' $%)!!din per se . R("! 0 4 $! (i$!s (&"i)a#i%n %* #h! !#i#i%n#h$!! 8- #i2!s, i.!., %n)! a 6!!? *%$ #h$!! 8- )%ns!)(#i ! 6!!?s S!). -. Th! R("! a"s% $! (i$!s in)"(si%n as a$#i!s %* a"" !$s%ns 6h% )"ai2 an' in#!$!s#6hi)h 6%("d &! a;!)#!d &' #h! )an)!""a#i%n %$ )%$$!)#i%n S!). 8-. Th! )i i" $! is#$a$ and an' !$s%n in in#!$!s# a$! a"s% $! (i$!d #% "! #h!i$ % %si#i%n, i* an',6i#hin *#!!n 07- da's *$%2 n%#i)! %* #h! !#i#i%n, %$ *$%2 #h! "as# da#! %* (&"i)a#i%n %* s()h n%#i)! S!). 7-. Las#, &(# n%# #h! "!as#, a"#h%( h #h! )%($# 2a'2a?! %$d!$s !> !di#in #h! $%)!!din s, i# is a*#!$ h!a$in #ha# #h! )%($# sha"" !i#h!$ dis2iss #h! !#i#i%n %$ iss(! an %$d!$ $an#in #h! sa2! S!). 9-.

Th(s, 6! nd n% $!as%n #% d! a$# *$%2 %($ $("in in 'epublic vs. 4alencia ," /871 #ha# R("! 0 4, 6h!n a"" #h! $%)!d($a" $! (i$!2!n#s #h!$!(nd!$ a$! *%""%6!d,is #h! +ppropri+(/ + /r'+r pro // i & #% !;!)# s(&s#an#ia" )%$$!)#i%ns and )han !s in !n#$i!s %* #h! )i i" $! is#!$. I# 2(s# &! )%n)!d!d, h%6! !$, #ha#! !n a*#!$ 'epublic vs. 4alencia " i/8 1 #h!$! )%n#in(!s #% &! a s!!sa6in %* % ini%n %n #h! iss(! %* 6h!#h!$ %$ n%# s(&s#an#ia" )%$$!)#i%ns in !n#$i!s %* #h! )i i"$! is#!$ 2a' &! !;!)#!d &' 2!ans %* R("! 0 4 in $!"a#i%n #% A$#i)"! 03 %* #h! N!6 Ci i" C%d!. Th! 2%$! $!)!n# )as!s %* )eonor vs. Court of 1ppeals " ii/891 aR! (&"i) s. La&$ad%$ " iii/841 d% s!!2 #% si na" a $! !$si%n #% #h! 6 7on 6in $("in 6hi)h d!"i2i#!d #h! s)% ! %* a "i)a#i%n %* A$#i)"! 03 #% )"!$i)a" %$#' % $a hi)a" !$$%$s in !n#$i!s %* #h! )i i" $! is#!$.

In 'epublic vs. )abrador, #h! C%($# h!"d #ha# R("! 0 4 )ann%# &! (s!d #% 2%di*', a"#!$ %$ in)$!as! s(&s#an#i ! $i h#s, s()h as #h%s! in %" in #h! "! i#i2a)' %$i""! i#i2a)' %* a )hi"d. J! $("!d #h(s:

07


16/79

This iss(! has &!!n $!s%" !d in )eonor vs. Court of 1ppeals . In #ha# )as!, R!s %nd!n# Ma($i)i% L!%n%$ "!d a !#i#i%n &!*%$! #h! #$ia" )%($# s!!?in #h!)an)!""a#i%n %* #h! $! is#$a#i%n %* his 2a$$ia ! #% P!#i#i%n!$ Vi$ inia L!%n%$. H! a""! !d, a2%n %#h!$s, #h! n(""i#' %* #h!i$ "! a" %6s a$isin *$%2 #h! n%n%&s!$ an)! %* #h! "! a" $! (i$!2!n#s *%$ a a"id 2a$$ia !. In d!&(n?in #h! #$ia" )%($#s $("in $an#in s()h !#i#i%n, #h! C%($# h!"d as *%""%6s:

On i#s *a)!, #h! R("! 6%("d a !a$ #% a(#h%$i=! #h! )an)!""a#i%n %* an' !n#$' $! a$din 2a$$ia !s in #h! )i i" $! is#$' *%$ an' $!as%n &' #h! 2!$! "in %* a!$i !d !#i#i%n *%$ #h! ($ %s!. H%6! !$, i# is n%# as si2 "! as i# "%%?s. D%)#$ina""', #h! %n"' !$$%$s #ha# )an &! )an)!"!d %$ )%$$!)#!d (nd!$ #his R("! a$!

#' % $a hi)a" %$ )"!$i)a" !$$%$s, n%# 2a#!$ia" %$ s(&s#an#ia" %n!s "i?! #h! a"idi#' %$ n(""i#' %* a 2a$$ia !. A )"!$i)a" !$$%$ is %n! 6hi)h is isi&"! #% #h! !'!s %$%& i%(s #% #h! (nd!$s#andin @ !$$%$ 2ad! &' a )"!$? %$ a #$ans)$i&!$@ a 2is#a?! in )% 'in %$ 6$i#in (lac vs. 'epublic, L 0 4 5, N% . 34, 0574-@ %$ s%2ha$2"!ss and inn%)(%(s )han ! s()h as a )%$$!)#i%n %* na2! #ha# is )"!a$"' 2iss !""!d %$ %* a 2iss#a#!2!n# %* #h! %))( a#i%n %* #h! a$!n# 1nsalada vs.'epublic, L 0 33 , F!&. 0 , 0574 8.

9here the e:ect of a correction in a civil re istr #ill chan e the civil status of petitioner and her children from le itimate to ille itimate, the same cannot beranted except onl in an adversarial > > >.

Clearl and unequivocall , the summar procedure under 'ule !; of the Civil Code cannot be used b -auricio tochan e his and 4ir inias civil status from married to sin le and of their three children from le itimate to ille itimate. > > >

Th(s, 6h!$! #h! !;!)# %* a )%$$!)#i%n %* an !n#$' in a )i i" $! is#$' 6i"" )han ! #h! s#a#(s %* a !$s%n *$%2 "! i#i2a#! #% i""! i#i2a#!, as in Sa$ah i#as )as!, #h!sa2! )ann%# &! $an#!d in s(22a$' $%)!!din s. "i>/851

I# is, #h!$!*%$!, hi h #i2! #ha# 6! (# an !nd #% #h! )%n*(si%n s%6n &' $%n%(n)!2!n#s s!!2in "' in )%nKi)# 6i#h !a)h %#h!$, and !$ha s, in #h! $%)!ss,s#!2 #h! )%n#in(in inK(> %* )as!s $aisin #h! sa2! s(&s#an#ia" iss(!.

Th! &asis *%$ #h! $%n%(n)!2!n# #ha# !>#!ndin #h! s)% ! %* R("! 0 4 #% s(&s#an#ia" )%$$!)#i%ns is (n)%ns#i#(#i%na" is !2&%di!d in #h! !a$"' )as! %* 6 7on6in vs. 'epublic ">/ 1 #ha# $s# d!"in!a#!d #h! !>#!n# %$ s)% ! %* #h! 2a##!$s #ha# 2a' &! )han !d %$ )%$$!)#!d ($s(an# #% A$#i)"! 03 %* #h! N!6 Ci i" C%d!.

Th! S( $!2! C%($# $("!d in #his )as! #ha#:

> > >. A*#!$ a 2a#($! d!"i&!$a#i%n, #h! % ini%n 6as $!a)h!d #ha# 6ha# 6as )%n#!2 "a#!d #h!$!in a$! 2!$! )%$$!)#i%ns %* 2is#a?!s #ha# a$! )"!$i)a" in na#($!and n%# #h%s! #ha# 2a' a;!)# #h! )i i" s#a#(s %$ #h! na#i%na"i#' %$ )i#i=!nshi %* #h! !$s%ns in %" !d. I* #h! ($ %s! %* #h! !#i#i%n is 2!$!"' a )"!$i)a" !$$%$#h!n #h! )%($# 2a' iss(! an %$d!$ in %$d!$ #ha# #h! !$$%$ %$ 2is#a?! 2a' &! )%$$!)#!d. I* i# $!*!$s #% a s(&s#an#ia" )han !, 6hi)h a;!)#s #h! s#a#(s %$)i#i=!nshi %* a a$#', #h! 2a##!$ sh%("d &! #h$!sh!d %(# in a $% !$ a)#i%n d! !ndin ( %n #h! na#($! %* #h! iss(! in %" !d. S()h a)#i%n )an &! *%(nd a#

$and%2 in %($ s(&s#an#i ! and $!2!dia" "a6s #h! i2 "!2!n#a#i%n %* 6hi)h 6i"" na#($a""' d! !nd ( %n #h! *a)#%$s and )i$)(2s#an)!s #ha# 2i h# a$is! a;!)#in#h! in#!$!s#!d a$#i!s. This % ini%n is $!di)a#!d ( %n #h! #h!%$' #ha# #h! $%)!d($! )%n#!2 "a#!d in a$#i)"! 03 is s(22a$' in na#($! 6hi)h )ann%# )% !$)as!s in %" in )%n#$% !$sia" iss(!s. ">i/ 01

This d%)#$in! 6as #a?!n a s#! *($#h!$ in #h! )as! %* Chua 9ee, et al. vs. 'epublic ">ii/ 31 6h!$! #h! C%($# said #ha#:

F$%2 #h! #i2! #h! N!6 Ci i" C%d! #%%? !;!)# %n A( (s# 8 , 057 (n#i" #h! $%2(" a#i%n %* #h! R! is!d R("!s %* C%($# %n #!nd!d &!'%nd inn%)(%(s %$ ha$2"!ss )han !s %$)%$$!)#i%ns %* !$$%$s 6hi)h a$! isi&"! #% #h! !'! %$ %& i%(s #% #h! (nd!$s#andin , s% as #% )%2 $!h!nd s(&s#an#ia" and )%n#$% !$sia" a"#!$a#i%ns )%n)!$nin)i#i=!nshi , "! i#i2a)' %* a#!$ni#' %$ "ia#i%n, %$ "! i#i2a)' %* 2a$$ia !, said R("! 0 4 6%("d #h!$!&' &!)%2! (n)%ns#i#(#i%na" *%$ i# 6%("d &! in)$!asin %$2%di*'in s(&s#an#i ! $i h#s, 6hi)h )han !s a$! n%# a(#h%$i=!d (nd!$ A$#i)"! 03 %* #h! N!6 Ci i" C%d!. ">iii/ 81 Und!$s)%$in s( "i!d-.

0


17/79


18/79

I# 2a' &! !$' 6!"" said #ha# R! (&"i) A)# N%. 5 4 is C%n $!ss $!s %ns! #% #h! )%n*(si%n 6$%( h# &' #h! *ai"($! #% d!"in!a#! as #% 6ha# !>a)#"' is #ha# s%)a""!d '%33+r pro / %r/ *%$ )han !s %$ )%$$!)#i%ns %* a ha$2"!ss %$ inn%)(%(s na#($! as dis#in (ish!d *$%2 #ha# +ppropri+(/ + /r'+r pro // i &*%$ )han !s %$ )%$$!)#i%ns %* a s(&s#an#ia" ?ind. F%$ 6! 2(s# ad2i# #ha# #h%( h 6! ha ! )%ns#an#"' $!*!$$!d #% an +ppropri+(/ + /r'+r pro // i & , ha ! *ai"!d #% )a#! %$i)a""' s#a#! (s# 6ha# #ha# $%)!d($! is. R! (&"i) A)# N%. 5 4 n%6 !2&%di!s #ha# '%33+r pro / %r/ 6hi"! R("! 0 4 is #ha#+ppropri+(/ + /r'+r pro // i & . B! #ha# as i# 2a', #h! )as! a# &a$ )ann%# &! d!)id!d %n #h! &asis %* R! (&"i) A)# N%. 5 4 6hi)h has $%s !)#i !a "i)a#i%n. H!n)!, #h! n!)!ssi#' *%$ #h! $!)!din #$!a#is!.

II. Th! !#i#i%n!$s )%n#!nd #ha# #h! $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s ha ! n% )a(s! %* a)#i%n #% &$in #h! )as!s &!"%6 as A$#i)"! 090 %* #h! Fa2i"' C%d! a""%6s #h! h!i$s %* #h! *a#h!$ #% &$in an a)#i%n #% i2 ( n #h! "! i#i2a)' %* his )hi"d$!n %n"' a*#!$ his d!a#h. "> iii/ 41

A$#i)"! 090 $% id!s:

Th! h!i$s %* #h! h(s&and 2a' i2 ( n #h! "ia#i%n %* #h! )hi"d 6i#hin #h! !$i%d $!s)$i&!d in #h! $!)!din a$#i)"! %n"' in #h! *%""%6in )as!s:

0- I* #h! h(s&and sh%("d di! &!*%$! #h! !> i$a#i%n %* #h! !$i%d >!d *%$ &$in in #his a)#i%n@

3- I* h! sh%("d di! a*#!$ #h! "in %* #h! )%2 "ain#, 6i#h%(# ha in d!sis#!d #h!$!*$%2@ %$

8- I* #h! )hi"d 6as &%$n a*#!$ #h! d!a#h %* #h! h(s&and.

P!#i#i%n!$s )%n#!n#i%n is 6i#h%(# 2!$i#.

In #h! $!)!n# )as! %* (abiera vs. Catotal , ">i>/ 51 6! ( h!"d #h! d!)isi%n %* #h! C%($# %* A !a"s #ha# a+$2!d #h! (d 2!n# %* #h! RTC %* Lana% d!" N%$#!d!)"a$in #h! &i$#h )!$#i )a#! %* %n! T!% s#a G(in#% as n("" and %id ab initio , and %$d!$in #h! L%)a" Ci i" R! is#$a$ %* I"i an Ci#' #% )an)!" #h! sa2! *$%2 #h!R! is#$' %* Li ! Bi$#hs. J! $("!d #h!$!in #ha# $i a#! $!s %nd!n# P$!s!n#a)i%n Ca#%#a", )hi"d %* s %(s!s E( !ni% Ba&i!$a and H!$2% !na Ca$i%sa, had #h!$! (isi#! s#andin #% ini#ia#! an a)#i%n #% )an)!" #h! !n#$' %* &i$#h %* T!% s#a Ba&i!$a, an%#h!$ a""! !d )hi"d %* #h! sa2! s %(s!s &!)a(s! sh! is #h! %n! 6h%s#ands #% &! &!n! #!d %$ in ($!d &' #h! (d 2!n# in #h! s(i#, %$ #h! a$#' !n#i#"!d #% #h! a ai"s %* #h! s(i#. ">>/7 1

J! "i?!6is! h!"d #h!$!in #ha#:

> > > A$#i)"! 090 %* #h! Fa2i"' C%d! is n%# a "i)a&"! #% #h! $!s!n# )as!. A )"%s! $!adin %* #h! $% isi%n sh%6s #ha# i# a "i!s #% ins#an)!s in 6hi)h #h! *a#h!$i2 ( ns #h! "! i#i2a)' %* his 6i*!s )hi"d. Th! $% isi%n, h%6! !$, $!s( %s!s #ha# #h! )hi"d 6as #h! (ndis (#!d %;s $in %* #h! 2%#h!$. Th! $!s!n# )as!a""! !s and sh%6s #ha# H!$2% !na did n%# i ! &i$#h #% !#i#i%n!$. In %#h!$ 6%$ds, #h! $a'!$ #h!$!in is n%# #% d!)"a$! #ha# !#i#i%n!$ is an i""! i#i2a#! )hi"d %* H!$2% !na, &(# #% !s#a&"ish #ha# #h! *%$2!$ is n%# #h! "a##!$s )hi"d a# a"". > > >. ">>i/701

Si2i"a$"', 6! $("!d in (enite+2(adua vs. Court of 1ppeals ">>ii/731 #ha#:

P!#i#i%n!$s insis#!n)! %n #h! a "i)a&i"i#' %* A$#i)"!s 0 , 0 , 09 and 090 %* #h! Fa2i"' C%d! #% #h! )as! a# &!n)h )ann%# &! s(s#ain!d. > > >.

> > > > > > > > >.

A )a$!*(" $!adin %* #h! a&% ! a$#i)"!s 6i"" sh%6 #ha# #h!' d% n%# )%n#!2 "a#! a si#(a#i%n, "i?! in #h! ins#an# )as!, 6h!$! a )hi"d is a""! !d n%# &! #h! )hi"d %* na#($! %$ &i%"% i)a" )hi"d %* a )!$#ain )%( "!. Ra#h!$, #h!s! a$#i)"!s % !$n a si#(a#i%n 6h!$! a h(s&and %$ his h!i$s- d!ni!s as his %6n a )hi"d %* his 6i*!.

Th(s, (nd!$ A$#i)"! 0 , i# is #h! h(s&and 6h% )an i2 ( n #h! "! i#i2a)' %* said )hi"d &' $% in : 0- i# 6as h'si)a""' i2 %ssi&"! *%$ hi2 #% ha ! s!>(a"in#!$)%($s!, 6i#h his 6i*! 6i#hin #h! $s# 03 da's %* #h! 8 da's 6hi)h i22!dia#!"' $!)!d!d #h! &i$#h %* #h! )hi"d@ 3- #ha# *%$ &i%"% i)a" %$ %#h!$ s)i!n#i )$!as%ns, #h! )hi"d )%("d n%# ha ! &!!n his )hi"d@ 8- #ha# in )as! %* )hi"d$!n )%n)!i !d #h$%( h a$#i )ia" ins!2ina#i%n, #h! 6$i##!n a(#h%$i=a#i%n %$ $a#i )a#i%n

04


19/79

&' !i#h!$ a$!n# 6as %ain!d #h$%( h 2is#a?!, *$a(d, i%"!n)!, in#i2ida#i%n %$ (nd(! inK(!n)!. A$#i)"!s 09 and 090 $!in*%$)! #his $!adin as #h!' s !a? %* #h! $!s)$i #i ! !$i%d 6i#hin 6hi)h #h! h(s&and %$ an' %* his h!i$s sh%("d "! #h! a)#i%n i2 ( nin #h! "! i#i2a)' %* said )hi"d. D%("!ss #h!n, #h! a !""a#!)%($# did n%# !$$ 6h!n i# $!*(s!d #% a "' #h!s! a$#i)"!s #% #h! )as! a# &!n)h. F%$ #h! )as! a# &!n)h is n%# %n! 6h!$! #h! h!i$s %* #h! "a#! Vi)!n#! a$!)%n#!ndin #ha# !#i#i%n!$ is n%# his )hi"d &' Isa&!". Ra#h!$, #h!i$ )"!a$ s(&2issi%n is #ha# !#i#i%n!$ 6as n%# &%$n #% Vi)!n#! and Isa&!". O($ $("in in Ca&a#&a#Li2 s. In#!$2!dia#! A !""a#! C%($#, 0 SCRA 70, 79 )i#!d in #h! i2 ( n!d d!)isi%n is a $% %s, vi+ :

P!#i#i%n!$s $!)%($s! #% A$#i)"! 3 8 %* #h! N!6 Ci i" C%d! /n%6 A$#. 09 %* #h! Fa2i"' C%d!1 is n%# 6!"" #a?!n. This "! a" $% isi%n $!*!$s #% an a)#i%n #% i2 ( n"! i#i2a)'. I# is ina "i)a&"! #% #his )as! &!)a(s! #his is n%# an a)#i%n #% i2 ( n #h! "! i#i2a)' %* a )hi"d, &(# an a)#i%n %* #h! $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s #% )"ai2#h!i$ inh!$i#an)! as "! a" h!i$s %* #h!i$ )hi"d"!ss d!)!as!d a(n#. Th!' d% n%# )"ai2 #ha# !#i#i%n!$ Vi%"!#a Ca&a#&a# Li2 is an i""! i#i2a#! )hi"d %* #h! d!)!as!d,&(# #ha# sh! is n%# #h! d!)!d!n#s )hi"d a# a"". B!in n!i#h!$ "! a""' ad% #!d )hi"d, n%$ an a)?n%6"!d !d na#($a" )hi"d, n%$ a )hi"d &' "! a" )#i%n %* Es !$an=aCa&a#&a#, Vi%"!#a is n%# a "! a" h!i$ %* #h! d!)!as!d. ">>iii/781

III. P!#i#i%n!$s )"ai2 #ha# $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s )a(s! %* a)#i%n had a"$!ad' $!s)$i&!d as 2%$! #han ! 7- '!a$s had "a s!d &!#6!!n #h! $! is#$a#i%n %* #h!"a#!s# &i$#h a2%n #h! !#i#i%n!$s in 05 and #h! "in %* #h! a)#i%ns in D!)!2&!$ %* 0553 and F!&$(a$' %* 0558. ">>i /7 1

J! disa $!!. As )%$$!)#"' %in#!d %(# &' #h! C%($# %* A !a"s, inas2()h as n% "a6 %$ $("! s !)i )a""' $!s)$i&!s a >!d #i2! *%$ "in #h! s !)ia" $%)!!din(nd!$ R("! 0 4 in $!"a#i%n #% A$#i)"! 03 %* #h! N!6 Ci i" C%d!, i# is #h! *%""%6in $% isi%n %* #h! N!6 Ci i" C%d! #ha# a "i!s:

A$#. 00 5. A"" %#h!$ a)#i%ns 6h%s! !$i%ds a$! n%# >!d in #his C%d! %$ in %#h!$ "a6s 2(s# &! &$%( h# 6i#hin ! '!a$s *$%2 #h! #i2! #h! $i h# %* a)#i%na))$(!s.

Th! $i h# %* a)#i%n a))$(!s 6h!n #h!$! !>is#s a )a(s! %* a)#i%n, 6hi)h )%nsis#s %* #h$!! 8- !"!2!n#s, na2!"': a- a $i h# in *a %$ %* #h! "ain#i; &' 6ha#! !$2!ans and (nd!$ 6ha#! !$ "a6 i# a$is!s %$ is )$!a#!d@ &- an %&"i a#i%n %n #h! a$# %* #h! d!*!ndan# #% $!s !)# s()h $i h#@ and )- an a)# %$ %2issi%n %n #h! a$#%* s()h d!*!ndan# i%"a#i ! %* #h! $i h# %* #h! "ain#i;. I# is %n"' 6h!n #h! "as# !"!2!n# %))($s %$ #a?!s "a)! #ha# i# )an &! said in "a6 #ha# a )a(s! %* a)#i%nhas a$is!n. ">> /771

I# is ind(&i#a&"! #ha# $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s ha ! a )a(s! %* a)#i%n. Th! "as# !"!2!n# %* #h!i$ )a(s! %* a)#i%n, #ha# is, #h! a)# %* #h!i$ *a#h!$ in *a"si*'in #h!!n#$i!s in !#i#i%n!$s &i$#h $!)%$ds, %))($$!d 2%$! #han #hi$#' 8 - '!a$s a %. S#$i)#"' s !a?in , i# 6as ( %n #his %))($$!n)! #ha# $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s $i h# %* a)#i%n %$ $i h# #% s(! a))$(!d. H%6! !$, 6! 2(s# #a?! in#% a))%(n# #h! *a)# #ha# i# 6as %n"' s%2!#i2! in 0545 #ha# $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s dis)% !$!d #ha# #h!'in *a)# had a )a(s! %* a)#i%n a ains# !#i#i%n!$s 6h% )%n#in(! #% (s! said *a"si !d &i$#h $!)%$ds.

H!n)!, i# 6%("d $!s("# in 2ani*!s# in (s#i)! i* 6! 6!$! #% d! $i ! $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s %* #h!i$ $i h# #% !s#a&"ish #h! #$(#h a&%(# a *a)#, in #his )as!, !#i#i%n!$s#$(! 2%#h!$, and #h!i$ $!a" s#a#(s, si2 "' &!)a(s! #h!' had dis)% !$!d #h! dish%n!s#' !$ !#$a#!d ( %n #h!2 &' #h!i$ )%22%n *a#h!$ a# a 2()h "a#!$ da#!. This is !s !)ia""' #$(! in #h! )as! %* $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s 6h%, as #h!i$ *a#h!$s "! i#i2a#! )hi"d$!n, did n%# ha ! an' $!as%n #% s(s !)# #ha# h! 6%("d )%22i#s()h d!)! #i%n a ains# #h!2 and d! $i ! #h!2 %* #h!i$ s%"! $i h# #% inh!$i# *$%2 #h!i$ 2%#h!$s !h Shi%? Ch!n s- !s#a#!. I# 6as %n"' s%2!#i2! in 0545 #ha#

$i a#! $!s %nd!n#s s(s i)i%ns 6!$! a$%(s!d and )%n $2!d. F$%2 #ha# #i2! (n#i" 0553 and 0558, "!ss #han ! 7- '!a$s had "a s!d.

P!#i#i%n!$s 6%("d ha ! (s $!)?%n #h! ! '!a$ $!s)$i #i ! !$i%d *$%2 #h! da#! %* #h! $! is#$a#i%n %* #h! "as# &i$#h a2%n #h! !#i#i%n!$s si&"in s in 05 , andn%# *$%2 #h! da#! $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s had dis)% !$!d #h! *a"s! !n#$i!s in !#i#i%n!$s &i$#h $!)%$ds in 0545. P!#i#i%n!$s &as! #h!i$ %si#i%n %n #h! *a)# #ha# &i$#h$!)%$ds a$! (&"i) d%)(2!n#s, h!n)!, #h! !$i%d %* $!s)$i #i%n *%$ #h! $i h# %* a)#i%n a ai"a&"! #% #h! $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s s#a$#!d #% $(n *$%2 #h! #i2! %* #h!$! is#$a#i%n %* #h!i$ &i$#h )!$#i )a#!s in #h! Ci i" R! is#$'.

J! )ann%# a $!! 6i#h !#i#i%n!$s #hin?in %n #ha# %in#.

I# is #$(! #ha# #h! &%%?s 2a?in ( #h! Ci i" R! is#!$ and a"" d%)(2!n#s $!"a#in #h!$!#% a$! (&"i) d%)(2!n#s and sha"" &! prima facie ! id!n)! %* #h! *a)#s#h!$!in )%n#ain!d. ">> i/7 1 P!#i#i%n!$s "i?!n #h!i$ &i$#h $!)%$ds #% "and #i#"!s, (&"i) d%)(2!n#s #ha# s!$ ! as n%#i)! #% #h! 6h%"! 6%$"d. Un*%$#(na#!"' *%$ #h!

!#i#i%n!$s, #his ana"% ' d%!s n%# h%"d 6a#!$. Un"i?! a #i#"! #% a a$)!" %* "and, a !$s%ns a$!n#a ! )ann%# &! a) (i$!d &' $!s)$i #i%n. On! is !i#h!$ &%$n %* aa$#i)("a$ 2%#h!$ %$ n%#. I# is #ha# si2 "!.

05


20/79

IV. Fina""', !#i#i%n!$s a))(s! $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s %* *%$(2 sh% in . Th!' !n(2!$a#! #h! %#h!$ a)#i%ns "!d &' $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s a ains# #h!2 $i%$ #% #h!"in %* #h!i$ R("! 0 4 !#i#i%ns in #h! "%6!$ )%($#s, as *%""%6s:

0- A )$i2ina" )%2 "ain# *%$ *a"si )a#i%n %* !n#$i!s in #h! &i$#h )!$#i )a#!s "!d a ains# #h!i$ *a#h!$ as $in)i a" and a ains# d!*!ndan#s as a""! !da))!ss%$i!s@

3- A !#i#i%n *%$ #h! )an)!""a#i%n %* #h! na#($a"i=a#i%n )!$#i )a#! %* #h!i$ *a#h!$, L!! T!? Sh!n @ and

8- A !#i#i%n *%$ a$#i#i%n %* !h Shi%? Ch!n s !s#a#!. ">> ii/791

A))%$din #% #h! !#i#i%n!$s, a"" #h! #h$!! 8- a)#i%ns a&% ! 2!n#i%n!d, as 6!"" as #h! R("! 0 4 !#i#i%ns, s(& !)# %* #h! )as! &!*%$! (s, $ais! #h! )%22%niss(! %* 6h!#h!$ !#i#i%n!$s a$! #h! na#($a" )hi"d$!n %* !h Shi%? Ch!n %$ Ti( Ch(an. Th!' )%n#!nd #ha# in a"" #h!s! )as!s, #h! (d ! %$ h!a$in %+)!$ 6%("dha ! #% $!s%" ! #his iss(! in %$d!$ #% d!#!$2in! 6h!#h!$ %$ n%# #% $an# #h! $!"i!* $a'!d *%$. ">> iii/741

F%$(2 sh% in is $!s!n# 6h!n in #h! #6% %$ 2%$! )as!s !ndin #h!$! is id!n#i#' %* a$#i!s, $i h#s %$ )a(s!s %* a)#i%n and $!"i!*s s%( h#. ">>i>/751 E !n)($s%$' !>a2ina#i%n %* #h! "!adin s "!d &' $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s in #h!i$ a$i%(s )as!s a ains# !#i#i%n!$s 6%("d $! !a" #ha# a# #h! !$' "!as# #h!$! is n%id!n#i#' %* $i h#s %$ )a(s!s %* a)#i%n and $!"i!*s $a'!d *%$. Th! $!s!n# )as! has i#s $%%#s in #6% 3- !#i#i%ns "!d (nd!$ R("! 0 4, #h! ($ %s! %* 6hi)h is #%)%$$!)# and %$ )an)!" )!$#ain !n#$i!s in !#i#i%n!$s &i$#h $!)%$ds. S(+)! i# #% s#a#!, #h! )a(s! %* a)#i%n in #h!s! R("! 0 4 !#i#i%ns and #h! $!"i!* s%( h##h!$!*$%2 a$! !$' di;!$!n# *$%2 #h%s! in #h! )$i2ina" )%2 "ain# a ains# !#i#i%n!$s and #h!i$ *a#h!$ 6hi)h has *%$ i#s )a(s! %* a)#i%n, #h! )%22issi%n %* a)$i2! as d! n!d and !na"i=!d (nd!$ #h! R! is!d P!na" C%d!, and 6hi)h s!!?s #h! (nish2!n# %* #h! a))(s!d@ %$ #h! a)#i%n *%$ #h! )an)!""a#i%n %* L!! T!?Sh!n s na#($a"i=a#i%n )!$#i )a#! 6hi)h has *%$ i#s )a(s! %* a)#i%n #h! )%22issi%n &' L!! T!? Sh!n %* an i22%$a" a)#, and his ("#i2a#! d! %$#a#i%n *%$ i#s%& !)#@ %$ *%$ #ha# 2a##!$, #h! a)#i%n *%$ a$#i#i%n %* !h Shi%? Ch!n s !s#a#! 6hi)h has *%$ i#s )a(s! %* a)#i%n #h! $i a#! $!s %nd!n#s $i h# (nd!$ #h! N!6Ci i" C%d! #% inh!$i# *$%2 #h!i$ 2%#h!$s !s#a#!.

J! #h!$!*%$! )%n)($ in #h! ndin %* #h! C%($# %* A !a"s #ha# #h!$! is n% *%$(2 sh% in #% s !a? %* in #h! )%n)! # #ha# #his is d!s)$i&!d and )%n#!2 "a#!din Ci$)("a$ N%. 34 50 %* #h! S( $!2! C%($#.

WHEREFORE , #h! !#i#i%n is h!$!&' DENIED and #h! assai"!d d!)isi%n %* #h! C%($# %* A !a"s da#!d O)#%&!$ 34, 055 is AFFIRMED.

SO ORDERED.

G.R. No. 120457 + %+r 20, 200

3


21/79

MILAGROS M. #AR!O, +' (8 / N+(%r+l G%+r i+ + G%+r i+ A Li( /3 o MAR O ANN G"STILO, !#i#i%n!$,s.

!O"RT OF A EALS :S E!IAL SI;TEENTH DIVISION!d his si na#($! #% #h! /etition si ni*'in his )%n*%$2i#' #h!$!#%. 0

On 3 Ma$)h 0548. G(s#i"% "!d a Constancia , 6h!$!in h! a)?n%6"!d !d !d h!$ si na#($! #% #h! &i$#h )!$#i )a#!

30


22/79

)%n#ainin #h! in)%$$!)# !n#$i!s. 09 Th! RTC a"s% n%#!d #ha# F$an)is)% had si ni !d his )%n*%$2i#' #% #h! a)#i%n &' si nin #h! %$i ina" !#i#i%n, and #ha# G(s#i"%had 2ani*!s#!d #h$%( h a Constancia da#!d 3 Ma$)h 0548 #ha# h! 6as a)?n%6"!d in $!ssin n% %& !)#i%n #% #h! !#i#i%n. 04

G(s#i"% di!d in 05 D!)!2&!$ 054 . 05 T6% !s#a#! $%)!!din s a$%s! *$%2 his d!a#h, %n! "%d !d in Ma?a#i, 3 #h! %#h!$ in Ha$$is C%(n#', T!>as. 30 A2%n #ha$#i)i an#s in &%#h !s#a#! $%)!!din s 6as #$insi) *$a(d %$ "a)? %* ($isdi)#i%n #ha# 6%("d (s#i*' #h! ann("2!n# %* #h! RTC O$d!$. 37 Nadia"s% %in#!d %(# #ha# #h! Ma?a#i in#!s#a#! )%($# had a $% !d a )%2 $%2is! a $!!2!n# 6h!$!in #h! a$#i!s had a $!!d #ha# #h! %n"' h!i$s %* #h! d!)!d!n#A$2and% a$! #h! s($ i in s %(s!, Nadina G. G(s#i"%, #h! da( h#!$, #$insi) *$a(d, #h! #6% $%(nds #ha# 6%("d (s#i*' #h! ann("2!n# %* a na" (d 2!n#. 83 I# $("!d #ha# 6hi"!


23/79

- Th! RTC sh%("d ha ! !>)"(d!d as h!a$sa' #h! Constancia a""! !d"' si n!d &' G(s#i"% and #ha# #h! s($$%(ndin )i$)(2s#an)!s (nd!$ 6hi)h i# 6asiss(!d a ! $!as%n #% d%( i#s a(#h!n#i)i#' and )$!di&i"i#'.

In#!$!s#in "', #h! (!s#i%ns #ha# Ba$)% $ais!d 6%("d #i)?"! #h! *an)i!s %* !$(di#! )i i"is#s '!a$nin *%$ a )ha""!n !. H%6! !$, #h! ("#i2a#! $!s%"(#i%n %* #his )as!hin !s %n 6h!#h!$ #h! de ri ueur $! (i$!2!n#s %* #h! !>#$a%$dina$' $!2!d' %* ann("2!n# %* (d 2!n# ha ! &!!n sa#is !d.

Fi$s#, a &$i!* $! isi# %* #h! a)#i%n #% ann(" (d 2!n#.

Th! $!)%($s! is ! (i#a&"! in )ha$a)#!$, a""%6!d %n"' in !>)! #i%na" )as!s, as 6h!$! #h!$! is n% a ai"a&"! %$ %#h!$ ad! (a#! $!2!d'. Ann("2!n# %* (d 2!n#s isa $!2!d' "%n a(#h%$i=!d and san)#i%n!d in %($ ($isdi)#i%n. 84 As *a$ &a)? as 0504, #his C%($# in (anco 3spa%ol2?ilipino v. /alanca 85 $!)% ni=!d #h! a ai"a&i"i#'%* a di$!)# a##a)? %* a na" (d 2!n# %n #h! $%(nd #ha# i# is %id *%$ 6an# %* ($isdi)#i%n. In 'e es v. *atu 6! h!"d #ha# #h! a"idi#' %* a na" (d 2!n# %$%$d!$ %* #h! )%($# 2a' &! a##a)?!d %n"' &' a di$!)# a)#i%n %$ $%)!!din %$ &' 2%#i%n in an%#h!$ )as! %n #h! $%(nd %* "a)? %* ($isdi)#i%n.

Y!#, i# 6as %n"' in #h! 0559 R("!s %* Ci i" P$%)!d($! #ha# *%$ #h! $s# #i2! #h! $%)!d($! *%$ #h! ann("2!n# %* (d 2!n#s %$ na" %$d!$s and $!s%"(#i%ns in )i i")as!s %* $! i%na" #$ia" )%($#s, #h$%( h a !#i#i%n &!*%$! #h! C%($# %* A !a"s, 6as *%$2a""' $% id!d. R("! 9 #h!$!%* (nd!$ 6hi)h #h! $%)!d($! 6as in#! $a#!din)%$ %$a#!s s!##"!d ($is $(d!n)! %n ann("2!n# %* (d 2!n#.

S#a#(#%$' &asis *%$ #h! $!2!d' 6as "aid 6a' &a)? in 054 , 6i#h #h! !na)#2!n# %* Th! $!ss "i2i#a#i%n is si ni )an# sin)! $! i%(s ($is $(d!n)! $!)% ni=!d %#h!$ $%(nds as 6 !"". 3 Th! (nd!$"'in $!as%n is #$a)!a&"! #% #h!n%#i%n #ha# ann(""in na" (d 2!n#s %!s a ains# #h! $ain %* na"i#' %* (d 2!n#. Li#i a#i%n 2(s# !nd and #!$2ina#! s%2!#i2! and s%2!6h!$!, and i# is!ss!n#ia" #% an !;!)#i ! ad2inis#$a#i%n %* (s#i)! #ha# %n)! a (d 2!n# has &!)%2! na" #h! iss(! %$ )a(s! in %" !d #h!$!in sh%("d &! "aid #% $!s#. Th! &asi)$("! %* na"i#' %* (d 2!n# is $%(nd!d %n #h! *(nda2!n#a" $in)i "! %* (&"i) %"i)' and s%(nd $a)#i)! #ha# a# #h! $is? %* %))asi%na" !$$%$, #h! (d 2!n# %* )%($#s and #h! a6a$d %* (asi (di)ia" a !n)i!s 2(s# &!)%2! na" a# s%2! d! ni#! da#! >!d &' "a6. 8 E !n i* #h! $("! %n ann("2!n# %* (d 2!n# is $%(nd!d%n ! (i#', #h! $!"i!* is %* an !>#$a%$dina$' )ha$a)#!$, and n%# as $!adi"' a ai"a&"! as #h! $!2!di!s %ainin #% a (d 2!n# #ha# is n%# '!# na".

Th!$! a$! #6% as !)#s %* ($isdi)#i%n 6hi)h a$! i#a" *%$ dis %si#i%n %* #his )as! ($isdi)#i%n % !$ #h! +(%r/ o (8/ + (io or '%?@/ ( 3+((/r , a ($isdi)#i%n % !$ #h! p+r(i/' . Ba$)% )"ai2s #ha# #h! RTC *ai"!d #% sa#is*' &%#h as !)#s %* ($isdi)#i%n. Sh! % in!s #ha# #h! RTC did n%# a) (i$! ($isdi)#i%n % !$#h! a$#i!s d(! #% #h! *ai"($! #% i2 "!ad h!$ as a a$#' #% #h! !#i#i%n *%$ )%$$!)#i%n. On #h! %#h!$ hand, #h! $!2ainin iss(!s #ha# sh! $ais!s as !$$%$s (# in#%

(!s#i%n 6h!#h!$ #h! RTC had ($isdi)#i%n % !$ #h! s(& !)# 2a##!$ %* Nadina s !#i#i%n.

J! sha"" $s# #a)?"! #h! (!s#i%n %* 6h!#h!$ #h! RTC had a) (i$!d ($isdi)#i%n % !$ Ba$)% and a"" %#h!$ indis !nsa&"! a$#i!s #% #h! !#i#i%n *%$ )%$$!)#i%n.

Th! !ss!n#ia" $! (isi#! *%$ a""%6in s(&s#an#ia" )%$$!)#i%ns %* !n#$i!s in #h! )i i" $! is#$' is #ha# #h! #$(! *a)#s &! !s#a&"ish!d in an a $% $ia#! ad !$sa$ia"$%)!!din . This is !2&%di!d in S!)#i%n 8, R("! 0 4 %* #h! R("!s %* C%($#, 6hi)h s#a#!s:

S!)#i%n 8. /arties Jh!n )an)!""a#i%n %$ )%$$!)#i%n %* an !n#$' in #h! )i i" $! is#!$ is s%( h#, #h! )i i" $! is#$a$ and a"" !$s%ns 6h% ha ! %$ )"ai2 an'in#!$!s# 6hi)h 6%("d &! a;!)#!d #h!$!&' sha"" &! 2ad! a$#i!s #% #h! $%)!!din .

Th! C%($# %* A !a"s h!"d #ha# ($isdi)#i%n % !$ #h! a$#i!s 6as $% !$"' a) (i$!d #h$%( h #h! n%#i)! &' (&"i)a#i%n !;!)#!d in )%n*%$2i#' 6i#h S!)#i%n %* R("! 0 4. Ba$)% assai"s #his h%"din and )"ai2s #ha# #h! *ai"($! #% i2 "!ad h!$ as a a$#' #% #h! !#i#i%n *%$ )%$$!)#i%n d! $i !d #h! RTC %* ($isdi)#i%n.

Und%(!d"', Ba$)% is a2%n #h! a$#i!s $!*!$$!d #% in S!)#i%n 8 %* R("! 0 4. H!$ in#!$!s# 6as a;!)#!d &' #h! !#i#i%n *%$ )%$$!)#i%n, as an' (di)ia"d!#!$2ina#i%n #ha# is#!n)! a# #h! #i2! sh! "!d #h! !#i#i%n *%$ )%$$!)#i%n. Ind!!d, d%( 2a' a"6a's &! )as# as #% 6h!#h!$ a !#i#i%n!$ (nd!$ R("! 0 4 6%("d

38


24/79

?n%6 %* a"" #h! a$#i!s 6h%s! in#!$!s#s 2a' &! a;!)#!d &' #h! $an#in %* a !#i#i%n. F%$ !>a2 "!, a !#i#i%n!$ )ann%# &! $!s(2!d #% &! a6a$! %* a"" #h!"! i#i2a#! %$ i""! i#i2a#! %;s $in s %* his h!$ s %(s! %$ a$a2%($. Th! *a)# #ha# Nadina a2!nd!d h!$ !#i#i%n #% i2 "!ad F$an)is)% and G(s#i"% indi)a#!s!a$n!s# !;%$# %n h!$ a$# #% )%2 "' 6i#h S!)#i%n 8 as (%#!d a&% !.

Y!#, ! !n #h%( h Ba$)% 6as n%# i2 "!ad!d in #h! !#i#i%n, #h! C%($# %* A !a"s )%$$!)#"' %in#!d %(# #ha# #h! d!*!)# 6as )($!d &' )%2 "ian)! 6i#h S!)#i%n ,R("! 0 4, 6hi)h $! (i$!s n%#i)! &' (&"i)a#i%n, #h(s:

S!)#i%n . U %n #h! "in %* #h! !#i#i%n, #h! )%($# sha"", &' %$d!$, > #h! #i2! and "a)! *%$ #h! h!a$in %* #h! sa2!, and )a(s! $!as%na&"! n%#i)! #h!$!%* #%&! i !n #% #h! !$s%ns na2!d in #h! !#i#i%n. Th! )%($# sha"" a"s% )a(s! #h! %$d!$ #% &! (&"ish!d %n)! a 6!!? *%$ #h$!! 8- )%ns!)(#i ! 6!!?s in an!6s a !$ %* !n!$a" )i$)("a#i%n in #h! $% in)!.

Th! ($ %s! $!)is!"' %* S!)#i%n , R("! 0 4 is #% &ind #h! 6h%"! 6%$"d #% #h! s(&s! (!n# (d 2!n# %n #h! !#i#i%n. Th! s6!! %* #h! d!)isi%n 6%("d )% !$! !n a$#i!s 6h% sh%("d ha ! &!!n i2 "!ad!d (nd!$ S!)#i%n 8, R("! 0 4, &(# 6!$! inad !$#!n#"' "!*# %(#. Th! C%($# %* A !a"s )%$$!)#"' n%#!d:

Th! (&"i)a#i%n &!in %$d!$!d 6as in )%2 "ian)! 6i#h, and &%$n! %(# &' #h! O$d!$ %* is#!d a "in! %* d!)id!d )as!s, s%2! %* #h!2 d!)id!d a*#!$ 4alencia, s#a#in #ha# R("! 0 4 )ann%# &! (s!d #% !;!)#s(&s#an#ia" )%$$!)#i%ns in !n#$i!s %* #h! )i i" $! is#!$. 79 Th! d%)#$in! 6as #$a)!d &a)? #% #h! 057 )as! %* 6 7on 6in v. 'epublic ,74 #h! $a#i%na"! %* 6hi)h #h!C%($# $!! a"(a#!d in )ee :

3


25/79

J! !n#($! #% sa' n%6 #ha# #h! a&% ! $%n%(n)!2!n#s $%)!!d *$%2 a 6$%n $!2is!, #ha# is, #h! in#!$ $!#a#i%n #ha# A$#i)"! 03 !$#ains %n"' #%)"!$i)a" !$$%$s %* a ha$2"!ss %$ inn%)(%(s na#($!, !;!)#i !"' !>)"(din *$%2 i#s d%2ain, and #h! s)% ! %* i#s i2 "!2!n#in $("!, s(&s#an#ia" )han !s#ha# 2a' a;!)# na#i%na"i#', s#a#(s, "ia#i%n and #h! "i?!. Jh' #h! "i2i#!d s)% ! %* A$#i)"! 03 Un*%$#(na#!"', T' %n Tin d%!s n%# sa#is*a)#%$i"' ans6!$#his (!s#i%n !>)! # #% % in! #ha# #h! $%)!d($! )%n#!2 "a#!d in A$#i)"! 03 is s(22a$' in na#($! and )ann%#, #h!$!*%$!, )% !$ )as!s in %" in)%n#$% !$sia" iss(!s. S(&s! (!n# )as!s ha ! 2!$!"' !)h%!d #h! T' %n Tin d%)#$in! 6i#h%(#, h%6! !$, sh!ddin "i h# %n #h! 2a##!$.

Th! Ka6 in T' %n Tin "i!s in i#s #h!%$' #ha# A$#i)"! 03 )%n#!2 "a#!s a s(22a$' $%)!d($!.

Fi$s# %* a"", A$#i)"! 03 is a s(&s#an#i ! "a6 #ha# $% id!s as *%""%6s:

N% !n#$' in a )i i" $! is#!$ sha"" &! )han !d %$ )%$$!)#!d, 6i#h%(# a (di)ia" %$d!$.

I# d%!s n%# $% id! *%$ a s !)i ) $%)!d($! %* "a6 #% &! *%""%6!d !>)! # #% sa' #ha# #h! )%$$!)#i%ns %$ )han !s 2(s# &! !;!)#!d &' (di)ia" %$d!$. Ass()h, i# )ann%# &! "!an!d #h!$!*$%2 #ha# #h! $%)!d($! )%n#!2 "a#!d *%$ %ainin s()h (di)ia" %$d!$ is s(22a$' in na#($!.

S!)%nd"', i# is i2 %$#an# #% n%#! #ha# A$#i)"! 03 (s!s &%#h #h! #!$2s )%$$!)#!d and )han !d. In i#s %$dina$' s!ns!, #% )%$$!)# 2!ans #% 2a?! %$s!# $i h#@ #% $!2% ! #h! *a("#s %$ !$$%$s *$%2 6hi"! #% )han ! 2!ans #% $! "a)! s%2!#hin 6i#h s%2!#hin !"s! %* #h! sa2! ?ind %$ 6i#h s%2!#hin#ha# s!$ !s as a s(&s#i#(#! . Th! $% isi%n n!i#h!$ (a"i !s as #% #h! ?ind %* !n#$' #% &! )han !d %$ )%$$!)#!d n%$ d%!s i# dis#in (ish %n #h! &asis %* #h!!;!)# #ha# #h! )%$$!)#i%n %$ )han ! 2a' ha !. H!n)!, i# is $% !$ #% )%n)"(d! #ha# a"" !n#$i!s in #h! )i i" $! is#!$ 2a' &! )han !d %$ )%$$!)#!d (nd!$A$#i)"! 03. Jha# a$! #h! !n#$i!s in #h! )i i" $! is#!$ J! n!!d n%# % *($#h!$ #han A$#i)"!s 9 and 4 %* #h! sa2! #i#"! #% nd #h! ans6!$.

A$#. 9. A)#s, ! !n#s and (di)ia" d!)$!!s )%n)!$nin #h! )i i" s#a#(s %* !$s%ns sha"" &! $!)%$d!d in #h! )i i" $! is#!$.

A$#. 4. Th! *%""%6in sha"" &! !n#!$!d in #h! )i i" $! is#!$:

0- Bi$#hs@ 3- 2a$$ia !s@ 8- d!a#hs@ - "! a" s! a$a#i%ns@ 7- ann("2!n#s %* 2a$$ia !@ - (d 2!n#s d!)"a$in 2a$$ia !s %id *$%2 #h!&! innin @ 9- "! i#i2a#i%ns@ 4- ad% #i%ns@ 5- a)?n%6"!d 2!n#s %* na#($a" )hi"d$!n@ 0 - na#($a"i=a#i%n@ 00- "%ss, %$ 03- $!)% !$' %* )i#i=!nshi @ 08- )i i" in#!$di)#i%n@ 0 - (di)ia" d!#!$2ina#i%n %* "ia#i%n@ 07- %"(n#a$' !2an)i a#i%n %* a 2in%$@ and 0 - )han !s %* na2!.

I# is &!'%nd d%( #ha# #h! s !)i ) 2a##!$s )% !$!d &' #h! $!)!din $% isi%ns in)"(d! n%# %n"' s#a#(s &(# a"s% na#i%na"i#'. Th!$!*%$!, #h! T' %n Tin$%n%(n)!2!n# #ha# A$#i)"! 03 d%!s n%# )%n#!2 "a#! 2a##!$s #ha# 2a' a;!)# )i i" s#a#(s, na#i%na"i#' %$ )i#i=!nshi is !$$%n!%(s. This in#!$ $!#a#i%n

has #h! !;!)# %* is%"a#in A$#i)"! 03 *$%2 #h! $!s# %* #h! a$#i)"!s in Ti#"! VI, B%%? I %* #h! N!6 Ci i" C%d!, in )"!a$ )%n#$a !n#i%n %* #h! $("! %* s#a#(#%$' )%ns#$()#i%n #ha# a s#a#(#! 2(s# a"6a's &! )%ns#$(!d as a 6h%"! s()h #ha# #h! a$#i)("a$ 2!anin #% &! a##a)h!d #% an' 6%$d %$ h$as! isas)!$#ain!d *$%2 #h! )%n#!># and #h! na#($! %* #h! s(& !)# #$!a#!d. 75

)ee a"s% %in#s %(# #ha# R! (&"i) A)# N%. 5 4, !na)#!d in 3 0, has !;!)#i !"' )han !d #h! na#($! %* a $%)!!din (nd!$ R("! 0 4. Und!$ #his n!6 "a6,)"!$i)a" %$ #' % $a hi)a" !$$%$s and )han ! %* $s# na2! %$ ni)?na2! 2a' n%6 &! )%$$!)#!d %$ )han !d &' #h! )%n)!$n!d )i#' %$ 2(ni)i a" $! is#$a$ %$

)%ns(" !n!$a", 6i#h%(# n!!d %* an' (di)ia" %$d!$. Th! %& i%(s !;!)# is #% $!2% ! *$%2 #h! a2&i# %* R("! 0 4 #h! )%$$!)#i%n %$ )han in %* s()h !$$%$s in!n#$i!s %* #h! )i i" $! is#!$. H!n)!, 6ha# is "!*# *%$ #h! s)% ! %* % !$a#i%n %* R("! 0 4 a$! s(&s#an#ia" )han !s and )%$$!)#i%ns in !n#$i!s %* #h! )i i" $! is#!$.

I# 2a' &! !$' 6!"" said #ha# R! (&"i) A)# N%. 5 4 is C%n $!ss s $!s %ns! #% #h! )%n*(si%n 6$%( h# &' #h! *ai"($! #% d!"in!a#! as #% 6ha# !>a)#"' is#ha# s% )a""!d s(22a$' $%)!d($! *%$ )han !s %$ )%$$!)#i%ns %* a ha$2"!ss %$ inn%)(%(s na#($! as dis#in (ish!d *$%2 #ha# a $% $ia#! ad !$sa$'

$%)!!din *%$ )han !s %$ )%$$!)#i%ns %* a s(&s#an#ia" ?ind. F%$ 6! 2(s# ad2i# #ha# #h%( h 6! ha ! )%ns#an#"' $!*!$$!d #% an a $% $ia#! ad !$sa$'$%)!!din , 6! ha ! *ai"!d #% )a#! %$i)a""' s#a#! (s# 6ha# #ha# $%)!d($! is. R! (&"i) A)# N%. 5 4 n%6 !2&%di!s #ha# s(22a$' $%)!d($! 6hi"! R("!

0 4 is #ha# a $% $ia#! ad !$sa$' $%)!!din . >>> 0

37


26/79

R! (&"i) A)# N%. 5 4 2a' n%# nd a "i)a#i%n in #his )as!, '!# i# is )"!a$"' an%#h!$ indi)i(2 %* h%6 !n#$!n)h!d #h! Va"!n)ia $("in is #%da'. Ji#h #h!!na)#2!n# %* #h! "a6, #h! "! is"a#($! a)?n%6"!d !d #h! %#!n)' %* #h! $("in . T% $! !a#, s(&s#an#ia" )%$$!)#i%ns #% #h! )i i" s#a#(s %* !$s%ns $!)%$d!d in #h!)i i" $! is#$' 2a' &! !;!)#!d #h$%( h #h! "in %* a !#i#i%n (nd!$ R("! 0 4. An' *($#h!$ a##!2 # #% "i2i# #h! s)% ! %* a "i)a#i%n %* R("! 0 4 $(ns a ains# #h!6a"" %* (di)ia" $!)!d!n# )!2!n#!d &' "! is"a#i ! a+$2a#i%n.

N!>#, Ba$)% a$ (!s #ha# #h! !#i#i%n *%$ )%$$!)#i%n had $!s)$i&!d (nd!$ #h! Ci i" C%d!@ and #ha# #h! !#i#i%n *%$ )%$$!)#i%n sh%("d &! #$!a#!d as a !#i#i%n *%$)han ! %* na2! 6hi)h )an %n"' &! "!d &' #h! !$s%n 6h%s! na2! is s%( h# #% &! )han !d. Th!s! a$ (2!n#s )an &! d!)id!d %in#"'. Th!' &%#h a$! n%# 6!""#a?!n as #h!' )ann%# a""(d! #% a "a)? %* ($isdi)#i%n #ha# 6%("d $!nd!$ #h! RTC Order s(& !)# #% ann("2!n#.

Ass(2in ar uendo #ha# Nadina s !#i#i%n *%$ )%$$!)#i%n had $!s)$i&!d and %$ #ha# #h! a)#i%n s!!?in #h! )han ! %* na2! )an %n"' &! "!d &' #h! a$#'6h%s! na2! is s%( h# #% &! )han !d, #his d%!s n%# a"#!$ #h! $!a"i#' #ha# (nd!$ #h! "a6 #h! Ma?a#i RTC had ($isdi)#i%n % !$ #h! s(& !)# 2a##!$ %* #h! !#i#i%n*%$ )%$$!)#i%n. Th! )"(si ! %$i ina" ($isdi)#i%n in a"")i i" a)#i%ns in 6hi)h #h! s(& !)# %* #h! "i#i a#i%n is in)a a&"! %* !)(nia$' !s#i2a#i%n. 3 In )%2 "!2!n#a#i%n %* $an# %* ($isdi)#i%n, S!)#i%n 0 %* R("! 0 4

$% id!s #ha# #h! !$i !d !#i#i%n #% #h! )an)!""a#i%n %$ )%$$!)#i%n %* an' !n#$' $!"a#in #h!$!#% sh%("d &! "!d 6i#h #h! C%($# %* Fi$s# Ins#an)! n%6 R! i%na"

T$ia" C%($#- %* #h! $% in)! 6h!$! #h! )%$$!s %ndin )i i" $! is#$' is "%)a#!d.

P$!s)$i #i%n and "a)? %* )a a)i#' #% &$in a)#i%n )ann%# &! i n%$!d &' a )%($# %* "a6 in $% !$"' $!s%" in an a)#i%n, #% #h! !>#!n# #ha# a ndin #ha# an' %* #h!s! $%(nds !>is# 6i"" &! s(+)i!n# #% )a(s! #h! dis2issa" %* #h! a)#i%n. 8 Y!#, #h! !>is#!n)! %* #h!s! $%(nds d%!s n%# %(s# #h! )%($# *$%2 i#s %6!$ #% d!)id!#h! )as!. is#!n)! %* #h!s! #6% $%(nds %n"' )ha$a)#!$i=!s #h! d!)isi%n as !$$%n!%(s. An!$$%n!%(s (d 2!n# is %n! #h%( h $!nd!$!d a))%$din #% #h! )%($s! and $a)#i)! %* #h! )%($# is )%n#$a$' #% "a6. I# is n%# a %id (d 2!n#. 9

As *%$ Ba$)% s $!2ainin a$ (2!n#s, #h!' si2i"a$"' *ai", as #h! 6%$s# #h!' )%("d !s#a&"ish is #ha# #h! RTC Order is an !$$%n!%(s (d 2!n#.

Ba$)% )%$$!)#"' n%#!s, h%6! !$, #ha# #h! RTC !$$!d in di$!)#in #ha# #h! na2! %* Nadina s da( h#!$ &! )han !d *$%2 "ains:

>>>


27/79

Th! "a6 san)#i%ns #h! ann("2!n# %* )!$#ain (d 2!n#s 6hi)h, #h%( h na", a$! ("#i2a#!"' %id. Ann("2!n# %* (d 2!n# is an ! (i#a&"! $in)i "! n%# &!)a(s! i#a""%6s a a$#' "i#i an# an%#h!$ % %$#(ni#' #% $!% !n a (d 2!n# #ha# has "%n "a s!d in#% na"i#' &(# &!)a(s! i# !na&"!s hi2 #% &! dis)ha$ !d *$%2 #h! &($d!n%* &!in &%(nd #% a (d 2!n# #ha# is an a&s%"(#! n(""i#' #% &! in 6i#h. Th! in! i#a&"! )%n)"(si%n is #ha# #h! RTC Order, d!s i#! i#s a a$!n# Ka6s, is n%# n(""and %id, and #h(s )ann%# &! ann(""!d. C%ns! (!n#"', #h! C%($# %* A !a"s )%22i##!d n% $! !$si&"! !$$%$ in iss(in #h! assai"!d d!)isi%n.

This C%($# has &!!n )%ns#$ain!d in #h! as# #% "!a ! !$$%n!%(s d!)isi%ns as #h!' 6!$!. 97 O($ *!a"#' #% (s#i)! in i#s $is#in! *%$2 #h! ( h%"din %* $i h# % !$6$%n is ! (i %is!d 6i#h %($ adh!$!n)! #% d(! $%)!ss, and #h! $("!s #ha# !2ana#! *$%2 #ha# $in)i "!. Th! C%($# #a?!s $!a# )a$! in d$a*#in $("!s %* $%)!d($! s% #ha# #h! a>i%2s #ha# % !$n #h! "! a" &a##"! $%(nd 2a' "i ! ( #% i2a#i%n %* d(! $%)!ss as #h! !2&%di2!n# %* #h!

s %$#in id!a %* *ai$ "a'. 9 D(! $%)!ss di)#a#!s #ha# "i#i an#s &! a;%$d!d a $!as%na&"! % %$#(ni#' #% a##a)? !$$%n!%(s (d 2!n#s and &! shi!"d!d *$%2 #h!ad !$s! !;!)#s %* %id (d 2!n#s. D(! $%)!ss "i?!6is! d!2ands #ha# a a$#', a*#!$ #$!??in #h! "%n $%ad %* "i#i a#i%n sh%("d &! !$2i##!d #% !n %' #h! *$(i#s%* an a(s i)i%(s na" (d 2!n#. A&s!n# an' )%n in)in d!2%ns#$a#i%n #ha# #h! RTC Order is a#!n#"' n("" and %id, #h!$! is n% $!as%n (nd!$ "a6 and

($is $(d!n)! #% ( s!# i#, i !n #h! $!a"i#' #ha# i# has "%n &!)%2! na".

WHEREFORE, #h! a&% ! $!2is!s )%nsid!$!d, #h! /etition is h!$!&' dis2iss!d *%$ "a)? %* 2!$i#. C%s#s a ains# !#i#i%n!$.

SO ORDERED.

G.R. No. 156027 D/ /3?/r 5, 2010

RE "#LI! OF THE HILI INES, P!#i#i%n!$,s.

MERL N MER!ADERA (8ro%&8 8/r A((or / -i -F+ (, EVEL N M. OGA, R!s %nd!n#.

D E C I S I O N

MENDO$A, J.:

This !#i#i%n *%$ $! i!6 %n )!$#i%$a$i assai"s #h! D!)!2&!$ 5, 3 4 D!)isi%n 0 %* #h! C%($# %* A !a"s BC18, in CA G.R. CV N%. 7 4 MIN, 6hi)h a+$2!d #h!S! #!2&!$ 34, 3 7 O$d!$ %* #h! R! i%na" T$ia" C%($# %* Di %"% Ci#', B$an)h 4 B'6C8, in a !#i#i%n *%$ )%$$!)#i%n %* !n#$i!s, d%)?!#!d as S !)ia" P$%)!!din sN%. R 8 39 SP N%. R 8 39-, "!d &' $!s %nd!n# M!$"'n M!$)ad!$a B-ercadera8 (nd!$ R("! 0 4 %* #h! R("!s %* C%($#.

T8/ F+ (%+l + ro / %r+l A (/ / / ('

On


28/79

Und!$ R.A. N%. 5 4, #h! )i#' %$ 2(ni)i a" )i i" $! is#$a$ %$ )%ns(" !n!$a", as #h! )as! 2a' &!, is n%6 a(#h%$i=!d #% !;!)# #h! )han ! %* $s# na2! %$ni)?na2! and #h! )%$$!)#i%n %* )"!$i)a" %$ #' % $a hi)a" !$$%$s in )i i" $! is#$' !n#$i!s. Und!$ said "a6, ($isdi)#i%n % !$ a "i)a#i%ns *%$ )han ! %* $s# na2! isn%6 $i2a$i"' "%d !d 6i#h ad2inis#$a#i ! %+)!$s. Th! "a6 n%6 !>)"(d!s #h! )han ! %* $s# na2! *$%2 #h! )% !$a ! %* R("!s 0 8 (n#i" and (n"!ss anad2inis#$a#i ! !#i#i%n *%$ )han ! %* na2! is $s# "!d and s(&s! (!n#"' d!ni!d 8 and $!2% !s )%$$!)#i%n %$ )han in %* )"!$i)a" !$$%$s in !n#$i!s %* #h! )i i"$! is#!$ *$%2 #h! a2&i# %* R("! 0 4. H!n)!, 6ha# is "!*# *%$ #h! s)% ! %* % !$a#i%n %* #h! $("!s a$! s(&s#an#ia" )han !s and )%$$!)#i%ns in !n#$i!s %* #h! )i i"$! is#!$.

Th! O+)! %* #h! L%)a" Ci i" R! is#$a$ %* Di %"% Ci#', h%6! !$, $!*(s!d #% !;!)# #h! )%$$!)#i%n (n"!ss a )%($# %$d!$ 6as %ain!d &!)a(s! #h! Ci i" R! is#$a$#h!$!in is n%# '!# ! (i !d 6i#h a !$2an!n# a %in#2!n# &!*%$! h! )an a"id"' a)# %n !#i#i%ns *%$ )%$$!)#i%ns "!d &!*%$! #h!i$ %+)! as 2anda#!d &'R! (&"i) A)# 5 4. 7

M!$)ad!$a 6as #h!n )%ns#$ain!d #% "! a /etition ?or Correction of Some 3ntries as 1ppearin in the Certi cate of )ive (irth (nd!$ R("! 0 4 &!*%$! #h!R! i%na" T$ia" C%($# %* Di %"% Ci#' B'6C8. Th! !#i#i%n 6as d%)?!#!d as S !)ia" P$%)!!din s N%. R 8 39 BS/ 5o. '2D=>E8. S!)#i%n 3 %* R("! 0 4 $!ads:

SE!. 2. Entries subject to cancellation or correction . U %n %%d and a"id $%(nds, #h! *%""%6in !n#$i!s in #h! )i i" $! is#!$ 2a' &! )an)!""!d %$)%$$!)#!d: a- &i$#hs@ &- 2a$$ia !s@ )- d!a#hs@ d- "! a" s! a$a#i%ns@ !- (d 2!n#s %* ann("2!n#s %* 2a$$ia !@ *- (d 2!n#s d!)"a$in 2a$$ia !s %id *$%2#h! &! innin @ - "! i#i2a#i%ns@ h- ad% #i%ns@ i- a)?n%6"!d 2!n#s %* na#($a" )hi"d$!n@ - na#($a"i=a#i%n@ ?- !"!)#i%n, "%ss %$ $!)% !$' %* )i#i=!nshi @ "- )i i"in#!$di)#i%n@ 2- (di)ia" d!#!$2ina#i%n %* "ia#i%n@ n- %"(n#a$' !2an)i a#i%n %* a 2in%$@ and :o< 8+ &/' o +3/. /Und!$s)%$in s( "i!d1

U %n $!)!i # %* #h! !#i#i%n *%$ )%$$!)#i%n %* !n#$', #h! RTC iss(!d an %$d!$, da#!d !ns! %* !#i#i%n!$ %n)! a 6!!? *%$ #h$!! 8- )%ns!)(#i ! 6!!?s in a n!6s a !$ !di#!d and (&"ish!d in Di %"% Ci#' and%* !n!$a" )i$)("a#i%n #h!$!in, #h! Ci#' %* Da i#an and #h! $% in)! %* a2&%an a d!" N%$#!, and )% i!s h!$!%* &! *($nish!d #% #h! O+)! %* #h! S%"i)i#%$G!n!$a" %* si)- 08 A2%$s%"% S#., L! as i Vi""a !, Ma?a#i, M!#$% Mani"a, #h! Ci#' Ci i" R! is#$a$ %* Di %"% , and %s#!d %n #h! &(""!#in &%a$ds %* #h! Ci#' Ha"" %* Di %"% , #h! P$% in)ia" Ca i#%" B(i"din , and %* #his C%($#.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Th! O+)! %* #h! S%"i)i#%$ G!n!$a" BOSG8 !n#!$!d i#s a !a$an)! *%$ #h! R! (&"i) %* #h! Phi"i in!s and d! (#i=!d #h! O+)! %* #h! Ci#' P$%s!)(#%$ #% assis# in#h! )as! %n"' %n #h! !$' da' %* #h! h!a$in . This $%2 #!d #h! )%($# #% $!s!# #h! h!a$in %n S! #!2&!$ 7, 3 7. On said da', #h!$! &!in n% % %si#i%n,)%(ns!" *%$ M!$)ad!$a 2% !d *%$ "!a ! %* )%($# #% $!s!n# ! id!n)! ex parte . Ji#h%(# an' %& !)#i%n *$%2 #h! Ci#' P$%s!)(#%$, #h! #$ia" )%($# d!si na#!d #h!&$an)h )"!$? %* )%($# #% $!)!i ! ! id!n)! *%$ M!$)ad!$a.

On S! #!2&!$ 07, 3 7, #h! #!s#i2%n' %* O a and s! !$a" h%#%)% i!s %* d%)(2!n#s 6!$! *%$2a""' %;!$!d and 2a$?!d as ! id!n)! #% $% ! #ha# M!$)ad!$an! !$ (s!d #h! na2! Ma$i"'n in an' %* h!$ (&"i) %$ $i a#! #$ansa)#i%ns. On S! #!2&!$ 3 , 3 7, #h! RTC iss(!d an %$d!$ ad2i##in E>hi&i#s A #% I 9 a#h!i$ s(&2a$?in s, as $!"! an# #% #h! $!s%"(#i%n %* #h! )as!.

Th! *%""%6in *a)#s 6!$! a#h!$!d *$%2 d%)(2!n#a$' ! id!n)! and #h! %$a" #!s#i2%n' %* O a, as $! %$#!d &' #h! "%6!$ )%($#:

P!#i#i%n!$ M!$"'n M. M!$)ad!$a 6as &%$n %n A( (s# 05, 059 a# Di %"% Ci#'. Sh! is #h! da( h#!$ %* s %(s!s Ti$s% U. M!$)ad!$a and N%$2a C. La) (ia%. Th!*a)# %* h!$ &i$#h 6as $! %$#!d #% #h! O+)! %* #h! Ci#' Ci i" R! is#$a$ %* Di %"% Ci#' %n S! #!2&!$ 4, 059 . I# 6as $!)%$d!d %n a ! 4, &%%? n%. 5, in #h!

34

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_186027_2010.html#fnt3http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_186027_2010.html#fnt3http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_186027_2010.html#fnt4http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_186027_2010.html#fnt5http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_186027_2010.html#fnt6http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_186027_2010.html#fnt6http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_186027_2010.html#fnt7http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_186027_2010.html#fnt3http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_186027_2010.html#fnt4http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_186027_2010.html#fnt5http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_186027_2010.html#fnt6http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_186027_2010.html#fnt7


29/79

R! is#$' %* Bi$#hs %* said )i i" $! is#$'. In #h! )!$#i )a#i%n %* &i$#h da#!d Ma' 5, 3 7 iss(!d &' #h! sa2! $! is#$', h!$ i !n na2! a !a$s as Ma$i"'n and n%#M!$"'n E>hi&i# C -.

On S! #!2&!$ 35, 0595, !#i#i%n!$ 6as &a #i=!d a))%$din #% #h! $i#!s and )!$!2%ni!s %* #h! Uni#!d Ch($)h %* Ch$is# in #h! Phi"i in!s. As $!K!)#!d in h!$)!$#i )a#! %* &a #is2 iss(!d &' said )h($)h, sh! 6as &a #i=!d &' #h! na2! M!$"'n L. M!$)ad!$a E>hi&i# D -.

In h!$ !"!2!n#a$' di "%2a iss(!d &' #h! Paa$a"an S!n#$a" n Es#a?a, Di %"% Ci#'@ h!$ hi h s)h%%" di "%2a iss(!d &' #h! a2&%an a d!" N%$#! S)h%%" %* A$#sand T$ad!s, Di %"% Ci#'@ and )%""! ! di "%2a iss(!d &' #h! Si""i2an Uni !$si#', D(2a (!#! Ci#', 6h!$! sh! !a$n!d #h! d! $!! %* Ba)h!"%$ %* S!)%nda$'Ed()a#i%n, (ni*%$2"' sh%6 h!$ na2! as M!$"'n L. M!$)ad!$a E>hi&i#s E , F , and G -.

P$!s!n#"', sh! is 6%$?in in U.P. Mindana%, B(han in, Da a% Ci#'. H!$ )!$#i )a#! %* 2!2&!$shi iss(!d &' #h! G% !$n2!n# S!$ i)! Ins($an)! S's#!2 a"s%&!a$s his /si)1 )%2 "!#! na2! as M!$"'n La) (ia% M!$)ad!$a E>hi&i# H -.

Jh!n sh! s!)($!d an a(#h!n#i)a#!d )% ' %* h!$ )!$#i )a#! %* "i ! &i$#h *$%2 #h! Na#i%na" S#a#is#i)s O+)!, sh! dis)% !$!d #ha# h!$ i !n na2! as $! is#!$!d isMa$i"'n and n%# M!$"'n@ h!n)!, #his !#i#i%n.

In i#s S! #!2&!$ 34, 3 7 D!)isi%n, 4 #h! RTC $an#!d M!$)ad!$a s !#i#i%n and di$!)#!d #h! O+)! %* #h! Ci#' Ci i" R! is#$a$ %* Di %"% Ci#' #% )%$$!)# h!$ na2!a !a$in in h!$ )!$#i )a#! %* "i ! &i$#h, Ma$i"'n La) (ia% M!$)ad!$a, #% MERLYN La) (ia% M!$)ad!$a. S !)i )a""', #h! dis %si#i ! %$#i%n %* #h! RTC D!)isi%n$!ads:

JHEREFORE, #h! !#i#i%n is GRANTED. A))%$din "', #h! O+)! %* #h! Ci#' Ci i" R! is#$a$ %* Di %"% Ci#' is h!$!&' di$!)#!d #% )%$$!)# #h! i !n na2! %* !#i#i%n!$ a !a$in in h!$ )!$#i )a#! %* "i ! &i$#h, *$%2 Ma$i"'n La) (ia% M!$)ad!$a #% MERLYN La) (ia% M!$)ad!$a.

In a *%($ a ! d!)isi%n, #h! RTC $("!d #ha# #h! d%)(2!n#a$' ! id!n)! $!s!n#!d &' M!$)ad!$a s(+)i!n#"' s( %$#!d #h! )i$)(2s#an)!s a""! !d in h!$ !#i#i%n.C%nsid!$in #ha# sh! had (s!d M!$"'n as h!$ i !n na2! sin)! )hi"dh%%d (n#i" sh! dis)% !$!d #h! dis)$! an)' in h!$ C!$#i )a#! %* Li ! Bi$#h, #h! RTC 6as)%n in)!d #ha# #h! )%$$!)#i%n 6as (s#i !d.

Th! OSG #i2!"' in#!$ %s!d an a !a" $a'in *%$ #h! $! !$sa" and s!##in asid! %* #h! RTC d!)isi%n. I# 2ain"' an)h%$!d i#s a !a" %n #h! a ai"2!n# %* M!$)ad!$a %* #h! $!2!d' and $%)!d($! (nd!$ R("! 0 4. In i#s B$i!* 5 "!d 6i#h #h! CA, #h! OSG a$ (!d #ha# #h! "%6!$ )%($# !$$!d 0- in $an#in #h! $a'!$ *%$)han ! %* na2! in a !#i#i%n *%$ )%$$!)#i%n %* !n#$i

Specpro (Cases Up to Finals)

Documents

Transcript of Specpro (Cases Up to Finals)