Spanish American War & WWI I.Intro II.Spanish-American War Why & Results III.WWI (1914/17-18)...
Transcript of Spanish American War & WWI I.Intro II.Spanish-American War Why & Results III.WWI (1914/17-18)...
Spanish American War & WWI I. IntroII. Spanish-American War
• Why & ResultsIII. WWI (1914/17-18)
A. Battle-front1. Background…why?2. Origins-Wilson3. US & War
B. Home-frontA. Big GovernmentB. Society & Economy
Key Terms• Yellow Press• The Maine• Francis Ferdinand • Lusitania• Zimmerman Telegram• Selective Service Act• William McAdo• Anti-German Hysteria
Spanish-American War(1898)
• US vs. Spain• Controversy over Cuba;
Cuba was a Spanish colony.
• US President:
William McKinley
(1897-1901)
Journalism
Yellow Press• Journalists who stretched the
facts to sell papers• Joseph Pulitzer & William
Randolph Hearst were key publishers
Compare to National Inquirer
Comic Character: The Yellow Kid
The Maine(2/98)
• USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor
The Maine(February, 1898)
• 226 Americans killed
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“Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain…”
USS Maine: Anchor & Mast(Arlington National Cemetery)
Dewey’s Route To The Philippines
• May 1, 1898 Admiral Dewey steamed into Manila Bay
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Results: “A Splendid Little War”
• A new hero emerged: Theodore Roosevelt
• Only lasted 6 weeks• US won; about 379
died in combat• US acquired an
overseas empire
Theodore Roosevelt’s Rough Riders
Results: The Cost
• Over 5,000 died from disease or other problems• Did the empire violate American principles…?
WWI Alliances & Major Powers(1914/17-18)
Allies• Great Britain• France• Russia• Serbia
Central Powers• Germany• Austria-Hungary• Turkey
Spark
• Assassinated in Sarajevo by Serbians; June, 1914
Francis Ferdinand & wife; heir to throne in Austria-Hungary
WWI Alliances & Major Powers(1914/17-18)
Allies• Great Britain• France• Russia• Serbia
Central Powers• Germany• Austria-Hungary• Turkey
US President
• Goal: Wanted US to remain neutral
Woodrow Wilson
(1913-1921)
What Events Led US To Fight?
1. German Submarine warfare
2. Zimmerman Telegram
Road To War: Lusitania
• New York newspapers carried warnings like this from the German embassy.
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Road To War: Lusitania
• Americans were warned not to go on ship.
Lusitania
(British passenger liner)
• Torpedoed in 1915 1,200 died (128 Americans).
• Germany pledged to stop sub-warfare.
Zimmerman Telegram(1917)
1. Mexico should attack US.
2. Germany would help Mexico defeat US.
3. Mexico would recapture land previously lost to US.
Message from German Foreign Minister to Mexican Government:
Germany’s Gamble In 1917(If they acted quickly, they could end the war)
• US declared war (1917): The gamble failed!
WWI Alliances & Major Powers(1914/17-18)
Allies• Great Britain• France• Russia• Serbia
Central Powers• Germany• Austria-Hungary• Turkey
• United States
US Contributions To War Effort
1. Supplies & US troops provided emotional lift.
2. A cease-fire, ending the fighting, went into effect November 11, 1918.
Wounded Marine Near Toulon, France in 1918
Selective Service Act (Draft)(1917)
1. All males 18-45 became eligible.
2. Lottery system was developed.
3. 1 in 5 draftees were born outside US.
Sheet Music For A New Song
Recruiting Posters
How To Pay For WWI
• Secretary of Treasury• Income tax rates were
raised• They borrowed
William McAdo
Liberty Bonds
Posters Encouraged People to Buy War Bonds
Actor Douglas Fairbanks at a War Bond Rally
Economy
• Economic Boom!• Manufacturing increased
33%• Real wages increased 20%
Mining Industry “Boomed;” Poster Printed In Several Languages
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Michigan’s Economy & WWI
• State of MI subsidized farmers (25% production increase)
• Automobile production increased fourfold
• Camp Custer (Battle Creek)– $10 million in
revenue
Soldiers resting during basic training at Camp Custer, MI
US Farmers Prospered
1913 1918
Corn $.70/bushel $1.52/bushel
Cotton $.12/lb. $.29/lb.
Race Relations
• “Great Migration”• About 500,000 blacks moved North for jobs
Race Relations
Race Riots • East St. Louis, Illinois• At least 39 blacks died
African-American Family Just Arrived in Chicago
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Women Roles
Women’s Roles• 11,000 served in Navy
overseas• 1 million worked in
industry
This Advertisement Encouraged Women to Enter the Workforce
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Women’s Roles
• Women often earned higher wages during the war
Women Workers on the Union Pacific Railroad
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Patriotism & Volunteerism
Food Administration• Slogans were common:
– “Meatless Mondays” & “Wheatless Wednesdays”
– “Serve beans, by all means”
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Food Administration Poster
Anti-German Hysteria(Patriotism Turned Ugly)
1. Americans began to fear all things German (food).
2. Personal attacks against Americans of German ancestry
3. In Michigan:
a) City of Berlin changed to Marne
b) German language was abandoned in public schools
4. Prohibition of alcohol
Spanish American War & WWI I. IntroII. Spanish-American War
• Why & ResultsIII. WWI (1914/17-18)
A. Battle-front1. Background…why?2. Origins-Wilson3. US & War
B. Home-frontA. Big GovernmentB. Society & Economy
Key Terms• Yellow Press• The Maine• Francis Ferdinand • Lusitania• Zimmerman Telegram• Selective Service Act• William McAdo• Anti-German Hysteria