SOYBEAN RESEARCH IN EURALIS SEMENCES - …€¦ · Soybean Research in France: the actors ... •...
Transcript of SOYBEAN RESEARCH IN EURALIS SEMENCES - …€¦ · Soybean Research in France: the actors ... •...
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SOYBEAN RESEARCH
IN EURALIS SEMENCES
24 Nov 2016
Confidential – for internal use only2
DESCRIPTION OF A NON GM BREEDING
PROGRAM FOR EUROPEAN MARKET
Confidential – for internal use only3
Soybean Research in France
• The ACTORS
• Soybean Research in EURALIS Semences
• Views on the European market
• Breeding scheme
• European evaluation
• Joint work through the GIE
• Breeding departures
• Genetic pools
• Predictive equations
• Genetic resources
Confidential – for internal use only4
Soybean Research in France: the actors
• Private Soybean seed companies
Euralis Semences is the leader
• > 50% market share in France
• Non GM soybean breeding since 1975
• 1 association: GIE SOJA (Group Interest Economical)
• - The private French seeds companies
• - Terres UNIVIA (Inter-industries group for oils and vegetable proteins)
• - Terres INOVIA (Agronomical research institute on oil and protein crops)
Confidential – for internal use only5
What are the main earliness segments in Europe ? (only certified seeds considered)
Market develops in East, so breeding should focus more on Early groups (000 to 0).
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Breeding Scheme
Year 1: New crosses: 60 per year
F1 plant in the greenhouse
Year 2: Bulk of F2 plants
Year 3: Bulk of F3 plants
Year 4: Bulk of F4 plants, harvest of individual
plants
Year 5: plant lines F5 in the nursery
Year 6: First year experimentation
Year 7: Second year experimentation (locations
across Europe)
Year 8:First year Application
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A European Soybean Breeding & Testing networkPresent in each soybean area in Europe
: Soybean Breeding Center (Toulouse)
: Seed factory (Pau + Cherkassy UA)
: Breeding & testing trials
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Help of Molecular activities
• Increasing use of Molecular Markers :
• Use of a high density chip 6K SNP (BARCSoySNP6K)
• SNP from the 50K chip (Song et al. 2013)
• Speed up soybean genetic progress (DNA map, optimal crosses)
• Genetic diversity :
• Objectives :
• Genetic resources to optimize the choice of the new departures
• Genetic structuration of the germplasm
• Varieties at pre-application stage to avoid DUS problem
Confidential – for internal use only9
Joint work through the GIE
Breeding activities based at Montpellier (at INRA : Institute National Research
Agronomic, station of Mauguio).
• - New crosses in greenhouses
• - F0 in summer
• - F1 generation in greenhouse during winter (speed up genetic progress)
• Average
•
•
10
15
20
25
30
2003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015
Succ
ess
rat
e (
%)
Year
Success rate for the crossesfrom 2003 to 2015
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Joint work through the GIE
• Development of 4 Genetic pools
• Protein pool (Medium – Late)
• Elite pool (for yield, Medium - Late)
• Improved pool (yield and protein, Medium - Late)
• In 2015 creation of a new genetic pool « Early High Protein »
• Molecular project to find specific marker for male sterile gene ms2 used in the pools
• Support to pre-application evaluation in some locations
• NIRS (Near Infra Red Spectroscopy) calibration for protein and oil
• Work on anti-nutritional factors (FAT) KTI and BBI (peptides)
• Objective: develop NIRS calibration (fast and cheap method) => screen genetic material
N Mini Max Moy R² SECV
Protéines 603 30,4 49 40,72 0,9637 0,721
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• Made from 125 samples (30 samples in 2012 + 50 in 2013 + 45 in 2014)
Oil & Proteins Calibration with NIRS
Oil content in % of MTQProteins content in % of MTQ
Oil content from the 125 samples varies from 12,9% to 23%
%
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• Correlation between OIL content (crude %) and PROTEIN content (crude %)
Oil & Proteins Calibration with NIRS
Correlation coefficient
Oil content in f (prot)
Linear (oil content in f(prot)
Proteins content (% MTQ)
Oil
co
nte
nt
(% M
TQ
)
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The Soybean GENETIC PROGRESS is slow compared to corn!
(Unip-Arvalis sources)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
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100
110
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Ql/Ha
SOYBEANWith 50% Farm saved seeds
CORN With Hybrid technology
+ 0.17 Ql / year
+ 1.33 Ql / year
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How to speed up the genetic progress to
increase Yield & Proteins for farmers ?
• Research is very costly. To speed up soybean genetic
progress, it is necessary to :
• 1- Use diversified source of genetics => “heterosis”
effect
• 2- Use certified seeds to finance research &
breeding
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Use of Genetic Resources today by EURALIS
• The origins
• French INRA collection: 1370 pedigrees, some off them present in the World
Collection
• Specific INRA Collection: 457 pedigrees (no present in the World Collection)
• EURALIS Collection
COLLECTION GLOBALE
1370 accessions
COLLECTION SPECIFIQUE
457 accessions
CORE-COLL 50
accessions
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But world soybean germplasm is huge,
especially in China !
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
There are 170.000 accessions in the world, including 45.000 are unique ones
70 000
60 000
50 000
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
0
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Use of Genetic Resources today by EURALIS
• EURALIS has no breeding collaboration with China yet
• EUCLEG project in 2015
• Global project on legume crops, interest for EURALIS on Soybean
• Withdraw of the Euralis candidature because seed flow was only from France to China and
no reciprocity
• Expectation: opening of China to germplasm exchanges with reciprocity
• Exchanges with private companies with MTA
• Import of genotypes from the World Collection (USDA)
• Purchase of genetic available on the market
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2- Use of certified seeds to speed up genetic
progress
- Soybean is a pure line (and not a hybrid) with easy
development of farm saved seeds.
- From 1 ha of soybean seeds certified purchased,
farmers can cover 160 000 ha in 4 years without
paying anything anymore to the breeder
Year ha
2014 1
2015 20
2016 400
2017 8 000
2018 160 000
- Research investment is not profitable
If farmers were using certified seeds, research budget would
dramatically increase followed by genetic progress : higher soybean
yield & proteins for farmers and industries.
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION