SOUVENIR - MOLDID - NEW

MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011

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VIVEKANANDHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES FOR WOMEN ELAYAMPALAYAM

National seminar on

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

23th

& 24th

February, 2011

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Convener : Dr. M.VIVEKANANDHAN

Organizing Secretary : Prof. B.T.SURESHKUMAR

Co-ordinator : Prof. K.MOORTHY

Invitation and Compeering

Coordinator : Mrs. V. Lavanya

Members: Thenmozhi.S - M.Phil Scholar

Thamari Selvi.A - M.Phil Scholar

Hemalatha.M - M.Phil Scholar

Merium Titus. - II.M.Sc AMB

Shanmugapriya.M - II.M.Sc AMB

Aswathy.M.P - II.M.Sc AMB

Subhasini.K - I.M.Sc AMB

Maria Rosa Mystica.S - I.M.Sc AMB

Kangiam Sarabati Devi. - I.M.Sc AMB

Thenmozhli.V - I.M.Sc AMB

Reception, Registration, Badges & Certificate:

Coordinators : Mrs. S.Arul Sheeba Malar

Mrs. A.Malavizhi

Members : Thillainayagi.R - M.Phil Scholar

Rubeni.V - M.Phil Scholar

Saranya.K - II.M.Sc AMB

Drisya Rishikesh. - II.M.Sc AMB

Savitha.T - II.M.Sc AMB


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Samundeeswari.M - I.M.Sc AMB

Rathika.N - I.M.Sc AMB

Sharmila Parveen.S - I.M.Sc AMB

Saranya.A.S - I.M.Sc AMB

Finance & Sponsorship

Coordinator : Dr. P. Vijayalakshmi

Members : Mekala.C - M.Phil Scholar

Nandhini.K - M.Phil Scholar

Sangeetha.N - M.Phil Scholar

Punitha.T - II.M.Sc AMB

Merium Titus - II.M.Sc AMB

Shiji.K.V - I.M.Sc AMB

Vijitha Rajan. - I.M.Sc AMB

Sulekha Chandran. - I.M.Sc AMB

Shijina P.V - I.M.Sc AMB

Sindhya V.K - I.M.Sc AMB

Seating arrangement / Decoration and Banner

Coordinators : Dr. R. Sengottuvel

Mr. P. Palanivel

Members : Mekala.T - M.Phil Scholar

Thamariselvi.A - M.Phil Scholar

Savitha.T - II.M.Sc AMB

Kavitha.R - II.M.Sc AMB

All I.M.Sc AMB Hostellers.

Food and Hospitality/ Guest reception & Transport

Coordinator : Mr.K.Moorthy

Mr.P.Palanivel

Members : Sathya.V.M - M.Phil Scholar

Kalpana.M - M.Phil Scholar

Vinodhini - II.M.Sc AMB


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Karkuzhali - II.M.Sc AMB

Drishya.T.C.V - I.M.Sc AMB

Navya.K - I.M.Sc AMB

Sathya.T - I.M.Sc AMB

Sengodi.R - I.M.Sc AMB

Suganya.K - I.M.Sc AMB

Audio/Video /Press and Cultural

Coordinator : Mrs. A. Malarvizhi

Members : Thenmozhi.S - M.Phil Scholar

Dhivya V.Menon - M.Phil Scholar

Radha.R - II.M.Sc AMB

Geethu.S - II.M.Sc AMB

Mythili Kalaivani.K - I.M.Sc AMB

Kokila.A - I.M.Sc AMB

Kanimozhi.C - I.M.Sc AMB

Anusuya.B - I.M.Sc AMB

Kasthuri.D - I.M.Sc AMB

Editorial Committee (Souvenior)

Coordinator : Mr. K. Moorthy

All staff members of the Department

Members : Thamaraiselvi.A - M.Phil Scholar

Mekala.T - M.Phil Scholar

Hemalatha.M - M.Phil Scholar

Sivagami.K - II.M.Sc AMB

Anitha.R - II.M.Sc AMB

Kasthuri.D - I.M.Sc AMB

Kavitha.M - I.M.Sc AMB

Latha.V - I.M.Sc AMB

Mohanavalli.V - I.M.Sc AMB

Maheswari.R - I.M.Sc AMB

Academic Session / Conducting

Coordinators : Dr. P. Vijayalakshmi

Mrs. V. Lanvanya


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Members : Suganya.A - M.Phil Scholar

Sangeetha - M.Phil Scholar

Sathya.S - M.Phil Scholar

Thangammal.C - II.M.Sc AMB

Shanmugarpriya.M - II.M.Sc AMB

Drishya.T.C.V - I.M.Sc AMB

Navya.K - I.M.Sc AMB

Aswathy Viswambharan. - I.M.Sc AMB

Premavathi.K - I.M.Sc AMB

Bhuvaneshwari.M - I.M.Sc AMB


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APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR TOOLS IN THE DETECTION

OF HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS

Dr. N. THAJUDDIN

Department of Microbiology

Bharathidasan University

Tiruchirappalli – 620 024

Email: [email protected]

Blooms of autotrophic algae and some heterotrophic protists are

increasingly frequent in coastal waters around the world and are

collectively grouped as harmful algal blooms (HABs). Proliferations of

microalgae in marine or brackish waters can cause massive fish kills,

contaminate seafood with toxins, and alter ecosystems in ways that humans

perceive as harmful. A broad classification of HABs distinguishes two

groups of organisms: the toxin producers, which can contaminate seafood

or kill fish, and the high-biomass producers, which can cause anoxia and

indiscriminate kills of marine life after reaching dense concentrations.

Some HABs have characteristics of both. Particularly in the tropics people

are often harassed by diseases and syndromes due to consumption of

seafood contaminated by algal toxins. Five human syndromes are presently

recognized to be caused by consumption of contaminated seafood:

Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP), Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP),

Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP), Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoniing

(NSP) and Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP). Other threats to human

health are posed by Cyanobacterial toxins in drinking water which may

cause severe damage or tumor promoters.

In the last two decades major challenges have occurred in how

microbiologists efficiently detect HABs. As the intensity and frequency of

HABs continue to rise, new methods of detection are needed for reliable

identification. Several methods are being used to detect HABs including

satellite ocean color sensing (SeaWiFS, MODIS and MERIS),

photosynthetic pigment analysis and toxin analysis. Limitations associated

with traditional culture based methods have pushed for the development of

culture-independent molecular techniques. Among the various molecular

tools, DNA-based methods such as PCR based finger printing methods,

blotting and hybridization techniques are fast, very specific and provide a

sensitive tool for the detection of HABs. The determination of 16Sr RNA /

18S rRNA sequences is widely used because these sequences are

universally present in living organisms and this molecule is composed the


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regions of higher and lower evolutionary conservation and more variable

regions that have been used in differentiation of genera and species. In

addition, other PCR based methods namely Randomly Amplified

Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Short Tamdemly Repeated Repetitive

Sequences (STRR), REP-PCR fingerprinting, M13 PCR technique etc. may

be used in all taxonomic levels. The PCR-based RAPD fingerprinting

technique of utilizing arbitrary oligonucleotides to prime DNA synthesis at

low annealing temperatures to divulge genomic diversity is a particularly

powerful typing method. Unlike the traditional PCR analysis, which

requires specific knowledge of sequences, RAPD does not require any

specific knowledge of the DNA sequences of the target organism. Direct

environmental samples subjected to blotting and hybridization techniques

using specific probes are also used in the rapid detection of HABs and

associated microbes.


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APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR TOOLS IN THE FIELD OF

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Dr.K. NATARAJASEENIVASAN Medical Microbiology Laboratory

Bharathidasan University

Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, India

Email: [email protected]

Since the conception of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 1983

by Dr Kary Mullis (and others from the Cetus Corporation) and the

subsequent publication in Science in 1985, this technique has been utilised

in many forms in order to produce virtually unlimited copies of genetic

material in the laboratory. Amplification of as little as a single strand of

DNA target sequence enables PCR to detect extremely low concentrations

of nucleic acid. This technology has reduced the reliance of the clinical

microbiology laboratory on culture-based methods and created new

opportunities for the clinical laboratory to more efficient diagnosis. There

are number of molecular tools avail based on basic PCR technique such as

Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), Real time PCR, RAPD and RFLP.

Reverse transcriptase PCR is used for the exponential amplification of very

low copy number of RNA molecules from the clinical samples. RT-PCR is

mainly used in studying the genomes of viruses whose genomes are

composed of RNA, such as Influenzavirus A and retroviruses like HIV.

RT-PCR is the preferred technique used to detect and quantify mRNA. RT-

PCR may also be used in cloning, constructing a cDNA library, amplifying

signal during in situ hybridizations, and synthesizing probes. Real-time

PCR has revolutionized the way Medical microbiology

laboratories

diagnose many human microbial infections. This

testing method is

combined form of PCR with fluorescent probe detection of amplified

product in the same reaction vessel. Since amplification and detection steps

are performed in the same closed vessel, the risk of releasing amplified

nucleic acids into the environment is negligible. The combination of

excellent sensitivity and specificity, low contamination risk, and speed has

made real-time PCR technology an appealing alternative to culture or

immunoassay-based testing

methods for diagnosing many infectious

diseases. Microarrays or DNA chips were designed to monitor the

expression of many genes in parallel, providing essentially more

information than Northern blots or reverse transcription polymerase chain

reaction analyzing one or few genes at a time. Microarrays have been


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hailed as the ultimate experimental tool for research, drug discovery and

diagnostics. They have the potential to perform a huge number of

molecular tests simultaneously and to produce a more information from a

single clinical sample. Bioinformatics, the application of computers in

biological sciences and especially analysis of biological sequence data, is

becoming an essential tool in molecular biology as genome projects

generate vast quantities of data. The ultimate goal of this field is to enable

the discovery of new biological insights as well as to create a global

perspective from which unifying principles in biology can be discerned.

Initial interest in Bioinformatics was propelled by the necessity to create

databases of biological sequences. The first database was created within a

short period after the Insulin protein sequence was made available in 1956.

It is now possible, through computer algorithm based bioinformatics

procedures, to identify and structurally modify a natural product, to design

a drug with the desired properties and to assess its therapeutic effects,

theoretically. Thus the Molecular and Bioinformatics tools are very helpful

for easy diagnosis and ideal treatment for threatening diseases.


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MOLECULAR VIROLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY

S MAHALINGAM Associate professor

Room No. BT 403

Tel: 91-44-2257-4130

[email protected]

[email protected]

Molecular pathogenesis of HIV

In a factory, someone has to stand on the loading dock, checking the

goods going out. By recognizing labels like bar codes on each shipment,

the loading dock supervisor makes sure that the products get where they are

supposed to go. A cell is like a factory: one of its most important jobs is to

produce proteins, like transcription factors and nuclear transport receptors.

But in cellular factories, the sorting task is complicated by the fact that

proteins are used by the cell itself as well as delivered to outside

"customers". Scientists are succeeding at deciphering the cell's complex

bar-coding system. But, surprisingly, they have never managed to get at the

loading dock itself to see how HIV PICs are actually shipped to their

destinations.

Regulation of HIV-1 infectivity and pathogenesis of AIDS remain

central interests of the laboratory. Unlike the typical animal-

oncoretroviruses, lentiviruses such as HIV have the ability to infect and

replicate within non-cycling cells. Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of the viral

genome is vital for the replication and assembly of many viruses. Nuclear

transport of Human immunodeficiency viral (HIV) genome, for instance, is

critical for productive infection in non-dividing cells such as human

macrophages. Our understanding on the nuclear import of HIV

preintegration complexes into the nucleus of non-dividing cells remains

rudimentary, and identification of cellular protein(s) which interact with

viral PICs is eagerly awaited and will reveal cellular system that are

important to diverse and basic cellular processes. Our laboratory will focus

on two issues: mechanism of HIV PICs nuclear import, and signals in PICs

that regulate its nuclear import. To achieve this goal we will clone and

characterize the host genes that are involved in this process. We will also

attempt to identify how the host genes interact with viral proteins to bring

about the events of HIV pathogenesis. Furthermore, a better understanding

of nuclear transport during viral infection might prove useful for designing

antiviral therapies and for designing delivery vectors for gene therapy,


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which is a rapidly developing and increasingly important area of research

in biomedical sciences.

Regulation of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport proteins

Identification and characterization of protein nuclear transport

pathways

Tumor biology

a. Understanding the cross talk between tumor suppressors and

activators of cell proliferation

b. Understanding the role nucleolar proteins in cell proliferation and

tumor development.


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“SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY- TRENDS”

Dr. S. AKILA, B. Sc, (Ag), MBA, and PhD.

No 15/20 Zenith Flats,

Brindhavan Street

Mylapore

Chennai 600004

Cell No: 044 -9840344990

E-mail: [email protected]

The 21st century is widely heralded as the century of biology.

Building on the fundamental understanding achieved in the second half of

the last century, revolutionary advances are expected to improve many

aspects of our lives, from clean energy and targeted, safer medicines to new

industries. Prominent among emerging technologies is “synthetic

biology,” which aims to apply standardized engineering techniques to

biology and thereby create organisms or biological systems with novel or

specialized functions to address countless needs.

The idea of managing or manipulating biology to identify or develop

specific characteristics is not new. Scientists have used DNA to create

genetically engineered cells and organisms for many years; the entire

biotechnology industry has grown around our expanding abilities in this

area. The shelves of grocery stores across the United States are stocked

with genetically engineered foods. Medical testing for genetically linked

diseases is widely used by people across society.

By contrast, the idea of assembling living organisms wholesale from

non- living parts has intrigued human imagination for centuries with no

success outside of fiction. For some, that possibility came one step closer

last May with the announcement that scientists at the J. Craig Venter

Institute had created the world‟s first self-replicating synthetic (human-

made from chemical parts) genome in a bacterial cell of a different species.

Intense media coverage followed, and the announcement ricocheted across

the globe within hours as proponents and critics made striking claims about

potential risks and benefits of this discovery and whether it amounted to an

early-stage example of “creating life.”

Research in synthetic biology may lead to new products for clean

energy, pollution control, and more affordable agricultural products,

vaccines, and other medicines. My Lecture will revolve around the key

aspects of these transformations; highlighting current research in the

synthetic biology and what future impacts these fronts may have on


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mankind over time. There are Do it yourself communities, garage labs and

IGEM wherein EVEN HIGH SCHOOL Students are working and

synthesizing life and it is high time our students get an exposure to the

information on these lines. This lecture may help any student from

undergraduate level onwards.


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NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Prof. P.T.KALAICHELVAN

DEAN STUDENTS

CAS in Botany

University of Madras

Guindy Campus

Chennai – 600 025

Phone – 9381033198

E-mail: [email protected]

Nanotechnology is the study of how materials behave when their

dimensions are reduced to the nanoscale. Nanobiotechnology and

bionanomaterials have been receiving considerable attention as a result of

their unique physical and chemical properties and their important

applications in optics, electronics, biomedicine, magnetics, mechanics,

catalysis, energy science etc.

In recent years nanobiotechnology has developed greatly designing

elements for diagnosis and therapy in the biomedical area. The large

amount of information generated creates a challenge to those that need to

manage it, this is to organize, standardize, store, compare, analyse and

visualise all the information to extract useful and applicable conclusions.

Smart delivery of nutrients, bio sensing, drug encapsulation and delivery,

molecular machines and devices, bioseparation of proteins, rapid sampling

of biological and chemical contaminants and nanoencapsulation of

nutraceuticals are some of the emerging topics of nanotechnology.

Advances in technologies, such as DNA microarrays,

microelectromechanical systems and microfluidics, will enable the

realization of the potential of nanotechnology for various applications.


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Oral -1

Production of Xylanase enzymes from paper mill effluent of

Trichoderma spp.

C. Sundari and P. Murugasundari

Dept. of Biochemistry,

Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Arts and Science for women,

Perambalur.

In the present study five Trichoderma sp. were isolated from paper

mill effluent collected from Karur, TNPL. Among the five isolates of

Trichoderma sp. T3 isolate were found to be an efficient isolate for

xylanase production using screening media. Enzyme was produced using

on different agricultural wastes such as sugarcane baggasse, rice bran and

banana fibre. The growth of the organism on different substrates was

optimized, by varying the pH (5-9) of the medium and at different

temperature at (30°C, 37°C, 45°C) of the medium using solid state

fermentation for a period of 10 days. The supernatant (crude enzyme

extract) was collected and the xylanase activity was assayed by using DNS

method. The amount of xylanase present in the different samples were

estimated using standard curve of xylose (1mg/ml). The precipitated

samples were used for the SDS PAGE to determine the molecular weight

of the proteins by using standard marker. In this study, the maximum

xylanase activity was observed in banana fibre at pH 5 and temperature

28°C which was found to be optimum for xylanase production. The use of

agro-wastes in the production of such enzymes as xylanases will ultimately

bring down their production cost and at the same time reduce

environmental pollution due to the wastes.

Oral - 2

Production of lipase from oil mill waste isolates of Bacillus subtilis

S. Sathya*, B. Pragatheswari*, P. Murugasundari*.

*Dept. of Biochemistry,


Perambalur.


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In this study, the lipolytic Bacillus subtilis was isolated from the oil

mill waste by enrichment techniques. The isolated colonies were screened

on Olive oil medium, colonies which produce the maximum zone of the

particular organisms was used for further optimization studies. Among the

5 Bacillus substilis isolates, a single isolates was the subjected to

submerged fermentation medium and the enzyme characteristics were

studied with respect to substrate, temperature and pH. The production of

lipase was significantly influenced by carbon sources such as Olive oil,

Castor oil, Gingelly oil, Palm oil, and Sunflower oil at different

temperature range. The maximum lipase activity was reached by the

Bacillus at 37°C and pH 7 where its production reached upto 0.01033 and

0.01066 µg/ml/min. Among the different substrate the maximum activity

was observed in Gingelly oil (0.01066 µg/ml/min) at pH 7 and temperature

37°C. Degradation of oil wastage by the crude enzyme extract and bacterial

suspension were compared. The crude enzyme extract liberate more free

fatty acid (10.9564 %) compared to Bacillus isolates (8.4240%). From the

study it was concluded that the commercially important enzyme can be

produced by submerged fermentation techniques using frequently available

edible oil sources it can be used for the biodegradation of oil effluents.

Oral - 3

Strategies for attenuation of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas

aeruginosa

Priyadharshini. A*,

*M.Sc., Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University,

Thiruchirappalli-24

Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-cell communication process mediated

by small compounds called autoinducers (N-acyl homoserine lactones) in

many pathogenic bacteria through which they regulate virulence gene

expression and bioflim formation. Hence interfering and attenuating the QS

circuit could be a valuable antipathogenic strategy. Pseudomonas

aeruginosa a gram negative, opportunistic pathogen causes the common

urinary tract infection in humans by forming bioflim. The colonization

event in bioflim formation is mediated by QS. The developed bioflim is

highly resistant to antibiotics and makes the treatment process harder.

Onward, by attenuating the QS system the bioflim formation could be

arrested.


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This quenching can be executed at three major regulatory steps in the

QS, i) at signal precursors ii) on signal molecules iii) through saturating

signal receptors. Action on signal molecules - This can be done by either

using enzymes that degrade the signal molecules like lactonases, acylases

or antibodies that quench the signal molecules. Action on signal receptors

– this can be done by using signal analogues that binds to the signal

receptors. Through this anti-quorum sensing means we could able to

curtail the antibiotic resistant bacteria, we could also arrest the formation of

resistant mutants to the current multispectral antibiotics, quorum sensing

attenuation would not leave natural selection to play.

Oral -4

Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in soil and water sample by PCR

targeting RLEP sequence – A diagnostic approach.

Dr.Kiran katoch*, M.Murali Kannan** and M.Sathish**

*National Jalma Institute of Leprosy and other Mycobacterial Diseases

(ICMR), Agra. **Bharathidasan university, Tiruchirappalli-24

Leprosy is also known as Hansen‟s disease, after Gerhard Armauer

Hansen, the Norwegian scientist who first observed the Bacillus under a

microscope in 1873, and identified it as the cause of leprosy. This disease

principally affects nerves and skin, with other organs of the body being

affected only in late stages. Germs may be spread through coughing and

sneezing. Many patients develop deformities due to nerve damage, as the

disease runs its course. Here in this work we are concentrated in the

detection of M.leprae in soil and water samples so as to diagnosis that

leprosy is also transmitted through Soil and water samples too. In this

present study soil and water samples were collected from the endemic areas

of Kanpur called as Gatampur. From the collected samples, the DNA

isolated directly from the soil and water samples by standardizing a

protocol. Using RLEP as a primer, detected the presence of M.leprae in the

isolated DNA samples from the environmental samples like soil and water

samples. So it has been concluded that leprosy is transmitted through soil

and water also.


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Oral -5

Rubella virus: Strategies favourable for replication and production of

viral progeny

M.Varunseelan,R.Roobini, P. Janani

Bharathidasan University, Trichy.

Viruses have evolved a number of different mechanisms to create a

favourable environment for their replication. Two strategies that are

explored by rubella virus were discovered recently. On the one hand,

rubella virus is not only able to confer resistance to infection by a

heterologous virus but also to infection by a homologous virus. The

exclusion of these super infecting viruses would prevent a competition

between rubella viruses and the super infecting virus for cellular resources.

On the other hand, rubella viruses have evolved a process of cell-cell

movement of viral RNA. The intercellular movement of a viral RNA

allows for the development of clusters of infected cells resulting in an

increase in the number of infected cells. These two strategies, the exclusion

of super infecting viruses and the intercellular movement of viral RNA,

allow for an effective replication cycle and a high production of rubella

virus progeny.

Oral - 6

Development of Monoclonal Antibodies for Specific Influenza H5n1

Diagnostic

C.Arulvignesh, R.Monisha and P.Priyamvadha Bharathidasan University, Trichy.

The haemagglutinin H5 is a specific marker for the highly pathogenic

avian virus H5N1. Therefore, monoclonal antibodies specific for conserved

region of the H5 protein and not cross-reaction with other haemagglutinin

subtypes are a prerequisite for the development of a sensitive diagnostic

test. The peptides used as immunogens have to fulfill the following

requirements: (a) high degree of conservation among the same influenza

virus subtype (i.e. H5), (b) predicted high immunogenicity according to

appropriate algorithm, (c) significant amino acid differences to other HA

subtypes, e.g. H1 and H3. by protein alignments three regions located in

the chainHA1 of the H5 protein were identified to meet these requirements.


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One of them comprises amino acid residues 43 to 83, which corresponds to

the tentative analogue of neutralizing epitope site E of H3. For expression

of recombinant protein, an appropriate expression cassette was detected

within yeast cell performing an immunofluorescence assay, and it was

further purified from the cell free supernatants using a nickel chelate resin.

The preliminary analysis of immune reactivity in mouse serum showed that

the peptide induced antibodies to interact with the full length H5 protein

expressed in yeast as well as in mammalian cells. Using commercially

available test systems for detection of H3N1 and H1N1 infections cross

reactivity of the induced antibodies was not observed.

Oral - 7

Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from agricultural

fertile soil

Nithya priya. M1, Praba. M

1, Sekar. P

2 and Ayyasamy.P.M

1.

1Dept. of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem .

2Dept. of Zoology, Government Arts and Science College, Salem .

Around 12 bacterial strains were isolated from fertile soils of

agricultural and non agricultural land. From this strain, Bacillus

thuringiensis found to be maximum. Among the strains, 4 strains showed

100 % mortality. The mortality of the remaining strains showed only

between 60 to 90%. The organism B. thuringiensis was also tested for the

production of insecticides. This organism having a potential ability to

produce insecticidal protein, which was attributed to the presence of the

endotoxin. These proteins are highly toxic to insects and are major role in

the activity. In highest mortality of crystal proteins are examined by SDS

PAGE. In this we got polypeptide bonds between 42 to 79 KDA. The

strong multiple bands were shown at 60 to 65 KDA.

Oral - 9

Isolation, Characterisation and Antibiogram of Candida species

isolated from urine

Susikala, M.,* Lali Growther* and N.Hemalatha*

*Department of Microbiology, Periyar University,

Salem - 636 011


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Candidemia is caused predominantly by Candida albicans. The

mortality rate associated with candidemia is high, but it varies with the

species of Candida and is lower in children than in adults. The objective of

this investigation was to check the incidence of Candida from urine. In this

work, urine of 100 patients were collected to determine the incidence of

candidemia. In this study, yeast was collected from the urine of 10 out of

100 patients. The biochemical characteristics, enzyme assay, antimicrobial

activity for various antibiotics, spice extracts were carried out. From highly

resistant species plasmids were also identified.

Oral - 10

Use of RAPD analysis for characterization of Phosphate-Solubilizing

Fungi

Pushpa.V*, Jayanthi.P*, Renukumari.S**, Mekala.M**

and Jegadeeshkumar.D***.

*KSR College of Arts and Science, Autonomous, Tiruchengode

** Sri Ramakrishna college of Arts and Science for women, Coimbatore,

***Chromopark Research Centre.

Totally twenty strains of phosphate-solubilizing fungus Aspergillus

niger (13) and Aspergillus flavus (7) isolated from the rhizosphere soil in

different area of Namakkal district. These were subjected to phenotypic and

genotypic characterization. The phosphate-solubilizing activity of each

strain was first evaluated using tricalcium phosphate as the phosphorus

source in the pikovskaya‟s culture medium. Phosphate solubilizing capacity

was also evaluated by changing pH and Temperature. In result, among the

3 types of pH 7.2 were exhibited highest activity and Temperature was

30ºC but same time pH 9 was exhibited higher activity in A.niger.

Furthermore PSF isolates were tested to antagonistic activity against soil

isolates of fungi and bacteria. Among the 20 isolates, 25% of PSF isolates

was active against bacteria but same time 20% isolates against fungi.

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to evaluate the

genetic diversity. From the data matrix obtained, a dendrogram was built

using the UPGMA method. The analysis of RAPD patterns as well as the

dendrogram exhibited a large genetic diversity among the 20 PSF

analyzed.


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Oral -11

Screening of HPV infection among college women with normal

cervical cytology

Selvi.S, Moorthy.K, and Arvind Prasanth.D

Department of Microbiology,

Periyar University, Salem-636 011.


Vivekanandha Colleges of Arts and Sciences for womem,

Tiruchengode.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death

among women in developing countries like India. The major risk factor for

cervical cancer Includes infection with the human papilloma virus, a

common sexually transmitted Infection (STI). PCR based methods are used

to detect wide range of HPV types and PCR amplipication has provided

sensitive and specific assays for a broad spectrum of HPV DNAs. In the

present study urine samples collected from 104 college students were

screened for HPV infections by using specific primers for E6(oncoprotein)

and high risk HPV type 16 to amplify the sample DNA. Among 104

subjects tested, 4 students (3.9%) showed positive result for low risk HPV

types and remaining were negative for both high risk type 16. The results

of the study indicate that genital HPV infection in college women seems to

be rare although the incidence of HPV infection continues to be a major

health problem in young women. Although HPV infection Positive cases

were very low. Awareness of HPV among college women regarding better

hygiene, prevention strategies, and HPV education is needed in India,

particularly among young women.

Oral -12

Intracellular antibodies for HIV-1 gene therapy

J.Susansunilraj , P.S.Maheshkumar


Indo-American College, Cheyyar-07

Two approaches to gene therapy of HIV infection have been

proposed: genetic modification of differentiated peripheral blood

http://p.s.maheshkumar.m.sc/


26

mononuclear cells ex-vivo, and gene transfer into hematopoietic stem or

progenitor cells ex-vivo. An important element in either strategy is the

development of specific target blocking moieties that inhibit viral

replication. Synthesized single-chain antibodies targeted to particular

intracellular compartments can inhibit replication at various stages of the

viral life cycle. As a simple and effective new method, intracellular

antibodies are likely to have widespread impact on biological research and

as potential therapeutic agents.

Oral -13

The potential application of keratinase from Bacillus spp. As a laundry

detergent, and feed additive.

Nandhini.R & Vidhya.K,

Vivekanadha College of Engineering for Women,

Namakkal.

Keratinolytic Bacillus spp. AJ4 and Bacillus spp. AJ9 isolated from

feather dumped soil produced keratinase of 82 U/ml(specific activity of

37.3 U/mg) and 78 U/ml (specific activity of 34.2 U/mg), respectively at

pH 7 and 10. keratinase of Bacillus spp. AJ4 exhibited increased

stability(82-94% and ~50%) in Triton X-100 and hydrogen peroxide.

Bacillus spp. AJ9 keratinase was 100% stable in SDS. The keratinases were

compatible with commercial detergents retained stability of 50-84% in

Rin® and Tide

®. With keratinase supplemented detergent solution blood

and egg yolk stain were completely removed in 1 hour. Addition of

keratinase to chick feed increased body weight (44.4g) and feed conversion

ratio (2.02).The rice seeds treated with feather hydrolysate showed 30%

increased vigour index. Significant stability towards detergents, improved

feed conversion ratio confirms the suitability of keratinase from Bacillus

sp. AJ4 and AJ9 for multitude industrial applications.

Oral -14

Impact of process parameters on alkaline protease production by

Bacillus subtilis in submerged fermentation.

Hannah Jacinth & Jayanthi.M,

Vivekanadha College of Engineering for Women, Namakkal.


27

A thermophilic Bacillus subtilis was isolated from soil sample

collected at Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India. The isolated strain produced

maximum alkaline protease after 72 hours of incubation at 50 degree C

with an optimum pH of 11.The best carbon sources were, rice bran and

lactose, while in case of nitrogen sources, Casein and ammonium nitrate

showed maximum enzyme activity. Among the amino-acids tested, L-

cysteine and L-histidine showed maximum enzyme yields. Trace elements,

inhibitors and surfactants inhibited alkaline protease production. Under

optimized condition Bacillus subtilis produced 1.32 units of alkaline

protease per ml of culture broth and it had a prominent effect in removing

the blood stains.

Oral -15

Anti diabetic activity by the in-vitro alpha amylase and alpha-

glucosidase inhibitory activity of Catharanthus roseaus.

Sasireka.K & Deepika.V

Vivekanadha College of Engineering for Women. Namakkal.

Catharanthus roseus is a plant extensively known for its anti-

inflammatory potential. In this study the alcoholic extract of flower and

leaf of Catharanthus roseus was tested for its α-amylase and α-glucosidase

inhibitory activity to understand its anti-diabetic potential. Varying

concentration of the extracts of leaf and flower were assayed for their

inhibitory action [in-vitro] on Serum amylase, pancreatic amylase, α-

amylase from fermented barley and α-glucosidase. Both extracts of the leaf

and flower were found to inhibit the enzymes considerably. The leaf extract

showed maximum inhibitory action with the concentration of 10mg/ml [IC

50]. IC 50 for the flower extract was found to be at a concentration of

12.5mg/ml. Further the anti-oxidant property of the herb was also evaluated

by its activity to inhibit lipid per oxidation. Catharanthus roseus extract of

leaf and flower exhibit their anti-diabetic effect by inhibiting the enzymes

which has a main role in carbohydrate metabolism like α-amylase and α-

glucosidase.


28

Oral -16

Plasmid profile and characterization of heavy metal resistant

pseudomonas aeruginosa

1R. Punitha,

1V. Lavanya,

2 D. Jegadeeshkumar

1Vivekanandha College of Arts and sciences for women,

Tiruchengode,

2 Chromopark research centre, Namakkal

The pollution of the environment with toxic heavy metals is

spreading throughout the world along with industrial progress.

Microorganisms and microbial products can highly efficient

bioaccumulators of soluble and particulate forms of metals especially dilute

external solutions. Totally 15 soil samples were collected and subjected to

isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It resulted showed 10 isolates were

obtained by selective media and biochemical test. These isolates were

subjected into heavy metal and antibiotic stability test. Totally 8 isolates

were resistance to multi heavy metals. In our current results multi metal

resistance isolates were exhibited high resistance towards a group of

antibiotics. The heavy metal resistances of Pseudomonas aeruginosa used

to exploit for clean up industrial wastewater and bioremediation of heavy

metal contaminated soil.

Oral -17

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Muntingia calabura and

molecular characterization by RAPD

R. Pradeepa1, D. Jegadeeshkumar

2

1Jamal Mohamed College, Trichy,

2 Chromopark research Centre,

Namakkal.

The medicinal plant of Muntingia calabura was selected as

the plant for the present study. Five different place of Muntingia calabura

plants were collected from Thuraiyur, Trichy, Namakkal, Thiruchencode

and Erode. In this current study we evaluate the Antioxidant, Antibacterial,

and Antifungal activity against wound isolates, carried by using the

methanolic extract of plant leaves, with agar difussion method. The

antioxidant potential of the 99% methanolic extact of leaves of Muntingia


29

calabura was assessed by using 1, 1-diphenyl, 2-picrylhydral (DPPH)

scavenging assay. The results showed strong reducing power and the DPPH

scavenging activity of methanolic extract of leaves in a dose dependent

manner with the Ic50 value of 24µg/ml present in the Namakkal plant.

Thuraiyur plant had highest sensitive against bacteria as E.coli.

Thiruchencode plant had sensitive against fungal as Candida albicans. In

that time, some variation occurs in these plants. So the present investigation

deals with identifying the diversity of Muntingia calabura. After those

plants‟s DNA were isolated and identified the diversity by using RAPD

Analysis. The end of the RAPD Analysis, we got hetrogenicity present in

those plants.

Oral -18

Determination of keratin degradation by fungi

K. Sathya*, P.Palanivel*, K.Moorthy* & Boobathy.S**

*Vivekananda College of Arts and Science for Women, Thiruchengodu.

**Easma Institute of Technology, Aravakurihcy.

The aim of this study was to characterize keratinolytic fungi isolated from

feather waste. Two isolates were selected after growth on solid medium

with feather meal as sole carbon and nitrogen source and screened for

proteolytic activity on milk agar plates. Two isolates were Aspergillus

niger and Aspergillus flavus. These fungi grew on diverse keratin wastes

such as feather meal. Keratinase activity was detected during growth, but

the complete degradation of these substrates was not always achieved. The

proteolytic character of crude enzymes was assessed using azokeratin and

azocasein as substrates. The keratinases were active on both substrates and

were similar in keratin hydrolysis when compared with commercially

available microbial peptidases. These novel keratinolytic isolates have

potential biotechnological use in processes involving keratin hydrolysis.

Oral -19

Cellulase enzyme production by Aspergillus Niger

K.Karthika*, V. Lavanya*, K.Moorthy* & K. Sathis Kumar** *Vivekananda College of Arts and Science for Women, Thiruchengodu

**Easma Institute of Technology, Aravakurihcy


30

Cellulase enzyme production is dependent on several factors such as

incubation time, temperature, pH and nutrients etc. choice of suitable

substrate is a key factor, which determines the productivity. Though most

of the substrates are natural substrates, choosing a natural substrate, which

is effective and efficient for the production of cellulase, would be essential.

In the present work, an attempt has made to identify a good natural

substrate that satisfies the above mentioned conditions for the production of

cellulase using Aspergillus niger.

Efficiency of sugarcane mollases, palm karnel and combination of

substrate (50% + 50%) for usage as substrate in cellulase

production has been examined. A methodology for the production

of cellulase has been done.

The process involves maintenance of culture, screening of isolate,

solid state fermentation, optimization, crude enzyme extraction

and partial purification of the enzyme by ammonium fractionation,

dialysis, silica-gel column chromatography.

The results obtained from these processes have been carefully

examined. Results based on the production of cellulase suggest

that combination of substrate (50% + 50%) has been a better

substrate compared to single substrate.

Cellulase produced extracellularly by the fungal strain Aspergillus

niger in solid state fermentation was purified by ammonium

sulphate fractionation followed by dialysis and column

chromatography.

Enzyme activity was optimal at pH 7.Cellulase activity was

maximal at Sugarcane mollases and combination of substrate

(50%+50%) with an activity of 0.6 u/gm.

Enzyme activity was maximal after 72 hrs of incubation time, with

an activity of 9.4 u/gm in combination of substrate (50%+50%).

Addition of carbon supplements like glucose enhances the

cellulase activity of 62 u/gm and addition of supplements like malt

extract enhances the cellulase activity, an activity of 34 u/gm.

Oral -20

Crude oil degradation by microorganisms

V.Valarmathi*,S.Arul Sheeba Malar*, K.Moorthy* &

S.Boobathy**


31

*Vivekananda College of Arts and Science for Women, Thiruchengodu


For the present study the water samples were collected from oil

contaminated sites at Cuddalore coastal area, India. Water samples were

used to analyze total Nitrogen, Phosphorous, BOD, COD, pH, temperature

and moisture. From the water sample there are four dominant bacterial

strains were isolated, viz, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Micrococcus sp.

The isolates were checked for the extent of crude oil degradation, all the

isolates gave maximum degradation. The degradation was higher in case of

broth as compared to minimal media. Among the three isolated bacterial

strains Pseudomonas showed higher degradation than other two isolates. A

detailed analysis of the hydrocarbon extract was performed by HPLC.

Oral -21

Lignolytic enzyme production by polyporaceae

T.Abinayashri*, M.Ponraj*, K.Moorthy* & S.Boobathy** *Vivekananda College of Arts and Science for Women, Thiruchengodu

**Easma Institute of Technology, Aravakurihcy .

Solid state fermentation of sugarcane molasses with Antrodiella sp.

proved very efficient as lignin content bed from about 7% to about 4 to 5 %

respectively. Microporus affinis through not efficient as Antrodiella spp.

also showed lignin breakdown capacities by about 2 – 3%. Microporus

xanthopus failed to record, any major ability to breakdown lignin and

hence would not be very important on the context of solid state

fermentation of lignocellulosic. These findings were replaced in the

lignolytic enzyme activities of these 3 fungi. Immobilization of Antrodiella

sp., Microporus xanthopus and Microporus affinis up to 24 days recorded a

linear in the activities of lignin peroxidase Mn peroxidase of laccase clearly

elucidating the importance of these enzymes for production of these

lignolytic enzyme. Production of fungal mycelia into the polyurethane

foam was observed under the microscope as well.

Oral -22

Pectolytic enzyme production by bacillus polymyxa


32

T. Nithya*, B.T. Sureshkumar*, K. Moorthy* & S. Boobathy** *Vivekananda College of Arts and Science for Women, Thiruchengodu


The present study deals with optimization of pectinesterase (PE)

production in submerged fermentation by Bacillus polymyxa. A Central

Composite Experimental Design was applied,consisting of 22 experiments,

including eight central points. Variables studied were: fermentation time

(24 to 120 h), pH (3.5 to 6.5) and initial concentration of pectin (5 to 20

g/l). Maximum PE production was 220 U/l, after 74 h of culture, in a

medium containing 20 g/l of pectin (pH 6.5). The optimal conditions for

PG production were pH:4.1, 20 g/l of pectin and 94 h of fermentation with

a maximum value of 1032 U/l. Under these conditions, the PE production

was low (15 U/l). A liquid extract with high PG activity and low PE

activity could be suitable to be used in food processing in order to reduce

the production of methanol.

Oral -23

Xylanase enzyme production by Aspergillus Terres

P.Deepa*, S.Arul Sheeba malar*, K. Moorthy* & K.Sathis Kumar** *Vivekananda College of Arts and Science for Women, Thiruchengodu


A xylanase producing fungi has been isolated from soil and identified

as Aspergillus terreus . Maximum growth of the organism was found at 48

h under submerged condition in xylan containing enriched medium,

whereas highest enzyme production (3.75U/mL) was recorded at 72 h. No

detectable cellulase activity was noted during whole cultivation period. The

partially purified enzyme hydrolyzed xylan into xylopentose and xylose.

All these properties of xylanase highlighten its promising uses in industrial

scale.

Oral -24

Efficacy of germicides and acceptability of residual disinfecting

activity in swimming pool water


33

Jenifer.W* R.Sengottuvel* and E.S.Karthy**

* Department of Microbiology,

Vivekananda College of arts and sciences for women, Tiruchengode.

** AWE CARE, Analytical & Research Laboratories, Postal Nagar,

Erode – 638011.

A survey of five swimming pools has been conducted to assess the

effectiveness of disinfection practices against various microorganisms and

to check compailance with recommended chlorine levels and pH. Although

a free chlorine residual of 1mg/ L and a pH range of 7-7.6 are ecommended

by local authorities. Out of five, one pool had a lower free chlorine

residual, but all the other pool samples had higher amount of chlorine

residual. The pH obtained from all the pools range from 7-7.3.

Microbiological analysis was performed for all the samples by performing

total bacterial count, coliforms and E.coli detection test. Chlorine is an

excellent oxidizing chemical and an efficient disinfectant. However

chlorine reacts with nitrogen based compounds to form chloramines which

are very poor disinfectants. As an alternative oxidation chemicals where

being sought, ozone became one of the obvious options. Ozone is very

effective at both oxidation and sanitation and is useful for reducing

production of some Disinfection by Products (DBPs). Ozone is far more

effective oxidant and disinfectant than either chlorine or hydrogen

peroxide. Its application and use in commercial swimming pools is

therefore obvious. Ozone primarily reverts back to oxygen and is therefore

considered to be clean or environmental friendly oxidant.

Oral -25

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as a biofertilizer

A.Thangamani ,*T.Sathishkumar*,

* Department of Biotechnology

Vivekanandha College for Women-Unjanai Village, Tiruchengode

PGPR colonize plant root and exert beneficial effect on plant growth

and development by a wide variety of mechanisms. To be an effective

PGPR, bacteria must be able to colonize roots because bacteria need to

establish itself in the rhizosphere to produce the benefical effect.


34

IAA a member of the group of phytohormones is generally consider

to be the most important signal molecule in the regulation of plant

development of three isolates,one isolates are positive for IAA production.

Among them one isolates PGPR are found to be good producers of IAA.

Phosphorus is one of the major nutrients,second only to nitrogen in

requirements for plants.

Most of the phosphorus in soil is present in the form of insoluble

phosphirus and cannot be utilized by the plant. The ability of bacteria to

solublized mineral phosphates has been of interest to agricultural

microbiologists as it can be enhance the availability of phosphorus and iron

for plant growth. PGPR have been shown to solubilise precipitated

phosphates and enhance phosphate availability to green gram that represent

a possible mechanism of plant growth promotion under field

condition.

The effectiveness of PGPR isolate whether they could increase the

seed germination rate as well as growth of seedling. Most of isolate

significantly increased plant height, root length; and dry matter production

of shoot and root of green gram seedling. Seed germination was also

increased when seeds were pre treated with PGPR isolates.

Often isolate, 3 isolates PGPR 1 PGPR II PGPR III, showed better

performance in aspects of seed germination and growth of seedling with

IAA production in addition of increment of seed germination and growth of

seedlings by isolate PGPR 1, it was positive for both phosphorus

solubilization and IAA production. These results suggests that the

increased growth of green gram seedlings by application of PGPR is due to

induction of IAA production and phosphorus solubilization.

Results suggests that PGPR are able to include the production

of IAA, solubilization of phosphorus, and resistance to pathogen and pests,

thereby improving the growth of plants. The use of PGPR as inoculants

biofertilizers is an efficient approach to replace chemical fertilizers and

pesticides for sustainable crop cultivation.

Oral -26

Metagenomics

R.Rekha*, T.Sathishkumar*,

*Department of Biotechnology



35

Metagenomics is the study of the genomes of a whole microbial

community, which several advantages over single bacterial genomic

studies. Microorganisms generally live in symbiotic relationships, and thus

metagenomics studies focuses on the genome sequencing of symbiotic

microbes instead of a single microbial species. Thus, it does not require the

isolation or lab cultivation of individual microbial species.

Currently there are two main sequencing strategies used in

metagenomics : 16S Rrna sequence analysis using Sanger sequencing

technology and metagenomics or metatranscriptomics analysis using NGS

technology. The former method allows a general taxonomic classification,

it cannot fully characterize the diversity of gene function within the

samples. The latter method allows additional research at the nucleotide

level, such as species clustering analysis, gene function analysis, and

association studies.

Oral -27

Antibacterial activity of Albizia julibrissin

Rajalakshmi .P.V* and Sasikala. P*.

*Department of Biochemistry,

Vivekanandha college of Arts and Sciences for Women,

Tiruchengode.

Albizia julibrissin was screened for potential antibacterial activity.

The methanolic solvent was used for evaluating antibacterial activity.

Antibacterial activity was test against four bacterial strains, such as,

Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas

aeruginosa by agar well diffusion method in various concentration. The

methanolic extract of Albizia julibrissin reported high zone of inhibition

(38mm) at a concentration of 200µl against Escherichia coli. At

200µl concentration it showed minimum zone of inhibition (20mm) against

Salmonella typhi. It may be due to the presence of Quercetin in Albizia

julibrissin plant.

Oral -28

Antimicrobial activity of Albizia lebbeck


36

Rajalakshmi.P.V* and Gomathi.P*

*Department of Biochemistry,

Vivekanandha college of Arts & Sciences for Women,

Tiruchengode.

The antimicrobial properties of methanolic extract of Albizia lebbeck

was studied a four different pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli ,

Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa by

agar well diffusion method in various concentration 100µl, 150µl, 200µl,

250µl.The successive methanolic extract of Albizia lebbeck leaves were

found inhibitory effect against those bacteria . The extract shows maximum

zone of inhibition (38mm) at a concentration of 250µl against Salmonella

typhi and minimum zone of inhibition (24mm) at a concentration of 250µl

against Escherichia coli . It may be due to the presence of Quercetin in the

Albizia lebbeck plant.

Oral -29

Antifungal combinations against Candida Albicans Biofilms in Vitro

Kalpana.M * and Vijayalakhsmi.P*.

*Department of Microbiology,

Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women.

Tiruchengode.

The pathogenesis of both superficial and systemic candidiasis is

closely dictated by properties of the yeast biofilms. Candida biofilms can

also develop on surfaces of prosthesis and medical devices, and exhibit

resistance to both antifungal and host defences. Candida albicans remains

the fungal species most commonly associated with biofilm formation and

the increase in Candida infections in the last decades has almost paralleled

increase and widespread use of a broad range medical implant devices,

mainly in populations with impaired host defences. Candida albicans

readily form biofilms, consortia of cells that co-exist as an organized

community, attached to a solid substratum that is enveloped with an

exopolysaccharide matrix, which have gained notoriety from their ability to

resist antimicrobials and immune cell exchange. We have evaluated

the efficacy of combinations of flucanozole (FLC), amphotericin B,

and ketoconozole (KTL) against Candida albicans biofilms in vitro.


37

Indifference was observed for all the combinations of paired antifungal

agents when a checker board titration method was used. The interactions

observed in the checker board microtiter plate testing combining the

different antifungal agents were confirmed in time-kill curve experiments.

Time-Kill experiments revealed an antagonistic effect of high FLC doses

with KTL.

Oral -30

Biodiversity of Algae and Cyanobacteria, Biochemical Composition

and RFLP Analysis of Phytoconis

R. Thillainayagi*, K. Nashima* and B.T. Suresh kumar**. Department of Microbiology

*Muthayammal college of Arts & Science.

** Vivekanandha college of Arts & Sciences for Women,

Tiruchengode.

Algae are one of the most important source to produced high amount

of proteins lipids, vitamins, aminoacids, fattyacids and pigment. It is used

to produce the biodiesel, bioethanol and hydrogen. In the present study,

algae and cyanobacteria were studied. At first 30 samples were collected

from different paddy fields ecosystem. The different isolates were

morphologically absorbed under the microscope and the size of the isolates

were measured by micrometry. The isolates were purified and mass

multiplication was also carried out using BG11 broth. The phytoconis taken

for further studies. Biochemical characterization such as protein, lipids,

chlorophyll a & b, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, carbohydrates were

performed. The DNA was extracted and RFLP was also performed. The

result showed that, the Phytoconis was fast growing which has high

pigments and also with more lipids and proteins.

Oral -31

Biological Control of Post Harvested Pathogen Controlled by Bacillus

spp.

A .Suganya *and A. Noortheen*

*Department of Microbiology

Vivekananda college of Arts & Science for Women,


38

Tiruchengode.

Plant diseases need to be controlled to maintain the quality and

abundance of food, feed, and fiber produced by growers around the world.

Different approaches may be used to prevent, mitigate or control plant

diseases. Beyond good agronomic and horticultural practices, growers

often rely heavily on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Such inputs to

agriculture have contributed significantly to the spectacular improvements

in crop productivity and quality over the past 100 years. However, the

environmental pollution caused by excessive use and misuse of

agrochemicals, as well as fear-mongering by some opponents of pesticides,

has led to considerable changes in people‟s attitudes towards the use of

pesticides in agriculture.

The present studies included the following, isolation and

characterization of B. subtilis isolates. Antifungal activity of B. subtilis

against postharvest pathogens of papaya. Seven isolates of B. subtilis were

isolated from the rhizosphere of papaya plants in Namakkal District viz.,

Karavalli, Kollikills and Namakkal. This Isolates were characterized and

identified as B. subtilis which were designated as B-1, B-2, B-3, B-4, B-5,

B-6 and B-7. Post harvest pathogens such as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus

and Fusarium sp. was isolated from papaya fruits found with symptoms of

fungal infection. In dual culture, Bacillus isolate of B-5 inhibited 27.27 %

and 55.55 % of A. niger growth on 24h and 48h incubation respectively. B4

isolate of Bacillus was effectively inhibited the growth of A. flavus in dual

culture method. B-5 isolates of Bacillus isolates effectively inhibited the

growth of Fusarium sp. (54.17%) on 48h incubation. In volatile assay,

maximum percentage inhibition of radial growth of fungi was observed

with isolates B-5 which was inhibited at 62.22% on A. niger, 60.98% on A.

flavus and 60.00% on Fusarium sp. From this studies, it was concluded that

B. subtilis (B-5) isolate was showing antagonistic property probably

through the production of diffusible and volatile antimicrobial metabolites

which has been proved to be an effective mechanism in controlling the

postharvest pathogens of papaya fruits. These observations and further

studies will help in developing the B. subtilis B-5 isolate has a potential

biocontrol agent against postharvest pathogens of papaya fruits.

Oral -32

Detection of Aerolysin gene, Hemolysin genes in Aeromonas hydrophila

isolated from diarrhoea and pond water samples


39

Thenmozhi.S*, and Vijayalakshmi.P*.


Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women,

Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode.

The detection of virulence factors of Aeromonas hydrophila is a key

component in determining potential pathogenicity because these factors act

multifunctionally and multifactorially. In this study totally 60 samples were

collected from diarrhoea and pond water. Among these only 37 samples

found to be positive for Aeromonas hydrophila.The Modified Rimler-

Shotts medium and Kaper‟s Multitest Medium, Starch Ampicillin Agar

were used as a selective presumptive isolation medium. The rapid detection

of two virulence factors was performed by using polymerase chain reaction

assay. The detected virulence genes include aerolysin (aerA) and

haemolysin (hyl H).The band appearance in the amplified virulence genes

of pond water and diarrhoea samples showed the molecular weight of

aerolysin (aerA-416bp) and haemolysin (hyl H-597bp) respectively.

Oral -33

Discovery of Leuconostoc mesenteroides sp from fermented foods and

process optimization for the increased production and purification of

dextran

K.Nanthini*, S.P.Vijayalakshmi* and B.T. Sureshkumar**

*Srimathi Indira Gandhi College,Trichy.

**Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for women, Tiruchengode

Various food samples such as soaked rice water, Sauerkraut, Sugar

cane juice, Molasses, Milk, Rice, Curd and Urid dhal are used for the

isolation of Leuconostoc mesenteroide sp. All yeast and other bacteria are

inhibited by addition of sorbate (0.2%) or more efficiently by pimaricine

(0.1%) and vancomycin (0.01%) enhances the selective growth of

mesentroides four isolates were obtained for the morphological observation

for the production of Dextran. Among the four isolates, production of

significant high quality of dextran was identified by the secretion of the

slimy dextran which was observed under microscope and confirmed by

ethanol precipitation. Media optimization trail had conducted to check the

nutrient requirements for the increased production of Dextran in shake

flask vide submerged fermentation. The most desired sucrose addition of


40

40 g/L had increased the productivity to 28 g/L when compared with static

has resulted 12 g/L. Study on feeding basic carbohydrates source sucrose.

That can affect the mesentroides to increase the dextran-sucrase activity

for the Dextran. It was observed that feeding at 20 th log hour showed the

increase in dextrin productivity of 40 g/L as the highest value. The nitrogen

source optimization was done to check the nutrient required for the

increased production of Dextran. The growth and production curve for the

highest dextran producing isolate mesenteroides species MRLCC 33 was

established. The dextran production was analyzed by the T.L.C

chromatographic technique. The RF value of the sample of the chilled

ethonal, extract dissolved into water was 5.3 vs the sucrose 5.0 which

confirms the conversion of the Dextran. The samples were sent for the

molecular mass profile of the dextran and the ribotyping analysis.

Oral -34

Phylogenetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus by random

amplification of polymorphic DNA

N. Sangeetha* and P.Vijayalakshmi* *Department of Microbiology

Vivekananda College of Arts and Sciences for Women,

Tiruchengode

The polymerase chain reaction was used to obtain randomly

amplified polymorphic DNA profile for genetic fingerprinting of 5

different isolates of staphylococcus aureus from beef, mutton, chicken,

commercial milk and urine samples. A numerical analysis of genomic

profiles was demonstrated and it was possible to differentiate these

Staphylococcus aureus strains. All the isolates were classified into three

major groups. (Sc.A, Sc.B, Sc.C). Sc.A group originated from animal host

while isolates from plant and animal origins formed the Sc.B and Sc.C

group. This indicates relationship between host origin and genetic variation

among staphylococcus aureus isolates. The DNA fingerprint defined

Staphylococcus aureus could be useful in epidemiological studies, medical

diagnosis and the identification of new strains and their origins.

Oral -35

A Study on the Isolation and Partial Purification of Antibiotics from

Soil Actinomycetes Against MRSA


41

Dhivya V.Menon*, Vijayalakshmi.N*,

and Sureshkumar.B.T** .


*Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts and Science for Women,

Coimbatore.

**Vivekanandha college of Arts and Sciences for Women,

Tiruchengode

In recent decades culturally independent methods demonstrated that

soil sediments contains wide range of unique microorganisms that devotes

an enormous for discovering new microbial secondary metabolites with

interesting biological activities such as antibiotics. These are chemicals

produced by micro organisms that in very low concentration, selectively

kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.

Soil Actinomycetes were isolated from soil samples collected from

different regions of Tamilnadu. The isolated Actinomycetes were subjected

to microscopic observation and most of the isolates were found to resemble

Streptomyces spp. The isolated Actinomycetes were screened for

antimicrobial activity. The isolates that exhibited potent antimicrobial

activity were further screened for antimicrobial activity against Methicillin

resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The isolate 5b exhibited potent activity

against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and was subjected to

further study at effective pH and temperature and finally the antibiotic was

extracted by suitable solvent extraction method.

Oral -36

Evaluation of Biofilm technology in biological treatment for textile

effluent

Mekala.C* and Vijayalakshmi.P*.


Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for women

Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode.

Increasing urbanization and industrialization have resulted in a

diagrammatic increase in the volume of wastewater produced around the

world. Textile industries are large industrial consumers of water as well as

produces of wastewater. Tightening the environmental standards has meant

that, much of these wastewaters have to be treated before it can be safely

discharged. The wastewater treatments step concentrates the various

pollutants in the wastewater into sludge, normally containing between 1


42

and 2% by weight dry solids, because of the dramatic increase in volume of

wastewater sludge treatment. Therefore, the sludge should be treated

properly. Biological treatment of wastewater evaluated as a good treatment

method for industrial effluent. Treatment of wastes with Pseudomonas and

Bacillus spp. involves the stabilization of waste by decomposing them into

harmless inorganic solids either by aerobic and anaerobic process. In

biocide (100%Hydrogen peroxide) treatment, it was detected that 0.0097

ml/ml effluent was required to kill bacterial load.

Oral -37

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Analysis of

bacteriocin Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria

Sathya.S and Vijayalakshmi.P


Vivekananda College of Arts & Sciences for Women,

Elayampalayam.

The lactic acid bacteria is one of the most diverse groups of bacteria.

The important attribute of lactic acid bacteria is their ability to produce

antimicrobial compounds called bacteriocin. In this study, 35 strains were

isolated from raw cow milk, 40 strains from fermented milk product like

curd, and 30 strains from batter. The isolates were characterized by using

biochemical and physiological methods as well as by analyzing

electrophoretic profiles of total soluble proteins by SDS- PAGE technique.

The lactic acid bacteria were assessed by AFLP finger printing analysis,

which detects genetic variation in microorganisms. The AFLP technique is

based on the selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments from a

total digest of genomic DNA. AFLP technique provides a novel and very

powerful DNA finger printing technique for DNAs of any origin or

complexity.

Oral -38

Identification of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin producing

Staphylococcus aureus from wound infected patients

V. Rubeni* and M. Ponraj*

*Department of microbiology


43

Vivekanandha College of Arts & Sciences for Women.

Tiruchengode.

Three types of samples were collected namely skin infection, burn

and accident wound samples. All samples, were analysed for the isolation

of Staphylococcus aureus with selective media, (Mannitol salt agar) and

biochemical tests. All the confirmed Staphylococcus aureus stains were

subsequently tested for antibacterial drug resistance based on Kirby –Bauer

disk diffusion method. Among the 9 antibiotics penicillin and vancomycin

showed the highest resistance. In PCR study all isolates of Staphylococcus

aureus were subjected to the previous study. The diversity of multidrug

resistance Staphylococcus was investigated according to SDS PAGE

analysis.

Oral -39

In vitro screening of antimicrobial activity of Adiantum raddianum

c.presl and Hemionitis arifolia (Burm.f.)Moore

M.HEMALATHA, Mr. K.MOORTHY,



Tiruchengode.

The antimicrobial activity of Adiantum raddianum c.presl and

Hemionitis arifolia (Burm.f.) Moore (aqueous, ethanol and petroleum

ether) extracts was studied against 14 microorganisms. It includes 12

Bacterial strains and 2 fungal strains. Disc diffusion method was employed

for screening of antimicrobial activity. The results of antimicrobial of

Adiantum raddianum c.presl reveals that the aqueous extract showed

moderate inhibitory activity against Salmonella paratyphi B (12mm),

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (16mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12mm) and

Cryptococcus neuformans (14mm). In ethanolic extract showed high

activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by giving a maximum zone of

25mm. The results of petroleum ether extract showed significant activity

against Staphylococcus aureus (25mm), Candida albicans (25mm) and

Shigella flexneri (19mm). The antimicrobial activity of Hemionitis arifolia

(Burm.f.) Moore aqueous extract showed significant inhibitory activity

against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35mm). In ethanolic extract showed

significant inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30mm),


44

Cryptococcus neoformans (21mm) and Salmonella paratyphi A (16mm). In

petroleum ether extract showed significant activity against Pseudomonas

aeruginosa (20mm). Though preliminary attempt was made with Adiantum

raddianum c.presl and Hemionitis arifolia (Burm.f.) Moore. Further work

to be carried out by purification of phytoconstituents.

Oral -40

Media Optimization to Improve the Productivity of Raw Starch

Hydrolysing Glucoamylase in lab scale –Solid State and Submerged

Fernentation by Aspergillus niger

V.M. Sathya*, A. Abisha* and P.Palanivel* *Department of Microbiology

Vivekanandha college of Arts & Sciences for Women,

Tiruchengode.

Glucoamylase is a raw starch hydrolyzing enzyme. The production of

glucose from starch is a multi stage process involving different microbial

enzyme in successive enzymatic steps. Two key enzymes are involved in a

thermostable bacterial amylase enzyme and a fungal glucoamylase enzyme.

Glucoamylase place a major role in industrial ethanol production at

economic scale. The manufacture of high fructose corn syrub (HFCS) using

glucoamylase for starch saccharification. More than half of all commercial

baked goods and practically all soft drink bottlers use thus syrub instant of

sugar because HFCS is both sweeter and cheaper. The fed batch

fermentation experiments in solid state fermentation and submerged

fermentation lab koji was tried to increase the productivity of maltodextrin.

Solid state and submerged fermentation by Aspergillus niger lab koji was

tried with the feeding various concentration of maltodextrin (60%) 1m1,

2ml, 3ml, 4ml, 5ml and nitrogen source soya flour (D/T) (10%).

Oral -41

Media and process optimization for the increased production of

docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by Schizochytrium spp. vide lab scale

submerged fermentation

Mekala.T* and Sureshkumar.B.T*.

*Department of Microbiology,


45

Vivekanandha college of Arts & Sciences for Women.

Tiruchengode.

Docosahexaenoic acid is a biogenic precursor for the eicosanoid

pathway such as prostaglandin and thromboxane. DHA is launched by

Martek Bioscience Company USA. DHA (omega -3 fatty acid) and

Arachidonic acid (omega-6 fatty acid) are formulated in infant formula.

DHA is a fatty acid – in specific terms, an omega-3 long chain

polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is a primary building block of the brain and

eye. Everyone needs DHA. Cells in the brain, retina, heart and other parts

of the nervous system have connecting arms that transport electrical

currents sending messages throughout the body. Neuromins DHA is a safe,

natural dietary supplement. It is not a drug. DHA is present in mothers

milk. Sample collected from ATCC. Then prepared artificial sea water and

then added yeast, peptone with microelements and glucose also prepared

separately. Both glucose and medium were kept for autoclave separately.

After cooling, vial culture inoculated into medium and glucose also mixed

with medium that is seed flask. The increased production of DHA by

Schizochytrium spp. vide lab scale submerged fermentation at shake flask

level. The aim of this work is to increase the productivity of DHA by

adopting various methods in process optimization studies at lab scale vide

shake flask level by feeding various concentrations of carbon (glucose),

inorganic nitrogen (ammonia), organic nitrogen sources (soya flour

defatted toasted, corn steep powder). The optimization trial has been

conducted and the amount of DHA yield is calculated. The fatty acid are

determined by gas chromatography.

Oral -42

Screening and Production of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Using

Oleaginous Fungi

Thamaraiselvi.A* , Palanivel.P* and K.Moorthy*


Vivekanandha College of Arts & Sciences for Women,

Tiruchengode.

Oleaginous is a lipid producing microorganism. A small number of

eukaryotic microorganism, the oleaginous species can accumulate

triacylglycerol as a celluar storage of lipids, sometimes upto 70% of the


46

biomass. Some of the lipids are particularly containing high proportion of

polyunsaturated fatty acid. They include bacteria, fungi, yeast. Generally

they can grown in very low temperature and pollution free environment.

Polyunsaturated fatty acid are well known for their potential in therapeutic,

food and nutritional applications. Various samples were collected from

cold regions (bark, leaves, soil & water) of coonoor, jimcana club at nilgiri

Dt, Tamilnadu. These samples were cultured for the screening technique

and detection of the Rhizopus spp. can produce high lipid content of

Oleaginous activity. The culture was extracted with hexane and aqueous

methanol and template was made for all those colonies. Preliminary

detection of lipid production was checked with Thin Layer

Chromatography (TLC) sheet and purified various fractions such as

monoacylglyceride (MAG), the lipid content was about 15mg,

diacylglyceride (DAG), the lipid content was about 25mg, triacylglyceride

(TAG), the lipid content was about 425mg and free fatty acid (FF) vide

column chromatography, lipid quantification vide solid state fermentation.

The fatty acid profile was determined by Gas chromatography.


47

Poster - 1

Dc-sign and the regulation of HIV transmission to T cells

M.Varunseelan, R.Roobini and P Janani

Bharathidasan University, Trichy.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells and

play a key role in immune regulation. DCs are among the first cell

encountered by pathogens upon their mucosal entry. DCs take up and

process antigens after migrating to the lymph node, mature DCs activate T

cells by the presentation of processed antigens via Class II major

histocompatibility complexes. To initiate this primary response, DCs

express a whole array of pattern recognition receptors that are involved in

capture, processing and presentation of antigens. One of this receptor is

dendritic cell specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), a C-type

lectin, that is highly expressed an immature monocyte derivative DCs. In

addition to pathogen interaction, DC-SIGN is involved in the formation of

the immunological synapse between DC and resting T cell, via interaction

with ICAM-3(intercellular adhesion molecule-3).intriguingly, DC-SIGN is

also involved in the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

from DCs to T cells, thereby enabling the efficient infection of T cells in

the lymph node. Previously, we have identified the region in DC-SIGN

regulating HIV transmission. We have shown that internalization of the

virus particle is no prerequisite for virus transmission. Presently, we are

looking for unknown cellular co-factor involved in DC-SIGN mediated

HIV transmission. A set of SIGN chemicals and mutated molecules is

utilized for these analyses. Understanding this unique mechanism of virus

transmission would enable the development of specific inhibitors, leading

to a preventative strategy against HIV infection.

Poster - 2

Cloning of inc A gene from the clinical isolates of Chlamydia

trachomatis - a sexually trasmitted dieases

Salaja R* .D.Deepika*, M.Prabharan*, Dr.Daman** *Bharathidasan University.

**ACBR, New Delhi.

Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that occupy a non-

acidified vacuole (the Inclusion) during their entire developmental cycle.


48

These bacteria produce a set of proteins (Inc proteins) that localize to the

surface of the inclusion within infected cells (Hackstadt et al. 1997).

Chlamydia trachomatis Inc A is also commonly found in long fibers that

extend away from the inclusion (Rockey et al. 2002). Robert et al. (2005)

used standard and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy to

demonstrate that these fibers extend to newly developed inclusions, termed

secondary inclusions, within infected cells (Robert et al. 2005)., C.

trachomatis is the major cause of mucopurulent cervicitis, pelvic

inflammatory disease (PID), tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy

(Black 1997, Semeniuk et. al. 2002). The sequelae to PID due to C.

trachomatis can be severe and may result in death. Since C. trachomatis

infection is a marker of sexual activity, an association between C.

trachomatis and cervical cancer has been suggested. Worldwide, C.

trachomatis is the leading preventable cause of blindness and bacterial

sexually transmitted infections (STIs).We did the cloning of Inc A gene

from the clinical isolates of C.trachomatis and we obtained some results.

This work has been carried out in ACBR, New Delhi.

Poster - 3

Development of Monoclonal Antibodies for Specific Influenza H5n1

Diagnostic

C.Arulvignesh, R.Monisha and P.Priyamvadha Bharathidasan University,

Trichy.

The haemagglutinin H5 is a specific marker for the highly pathogenic

avian virus H5N1. Therefore, monoclonal antibodies specific for conserved

region of the H5 protein and not cross-reaction with other haemagglutinin

subtypes are a prerequisite for the development of a sensitive diagnostic

test. The peptides used as immunogens have to fulfill the following

requirements: (a) high degree of conservation among the same influenza

virus subtype (i.e. H5), (b) predicted high immunogenicity according to

appropriate algorithm, (c) significant amino acid differences to other HA

subtypes, e.g. H1 and H3. by protein alignments three regions located in

the chainHA1 of the H5 protein were identified to meet these requirements.

One of them comprises amino acid residues 43 to 83, which corresponds to

the tentative analogue of neutralizing epitope site E of H3. For expression

of recombinant protein, an appropriate expression cassette was detected


49

within yeast cell performing an immunofluorescence assay, and it was

further purified from the cell free supernatants using a nickel chelate resin.

The preliminary analysis of immune reactivity in mouse serum showed that

the peptide induced antibodies to interact with the full length H5 protein

expressed in yeast as well as in mammalian cells. Using commercially

available test systems for detection of H3N1 and H1N1 infections cross

reactivity of the induced antibodies was not observed.

Poster -4

Campylobacter jejuni - An Emerging Food Borne Pathogen

Radha, P. and Ayyasamy. P.M.

Department of Microbiology, Periyar University,

Salem -11.

Campylobacter jejuni is a bacterium that was first recognized as a

cause of human gastrointestinal illness in 1975. Campylobacter jejuni is a

curved, gram-negative, microaerophilic, thermophilic rod that grows best at

42°C and low oxygen concentrations. These characteristics are adaptations

for growth in its normal habitat especially in the intestines of warm

blooded birds and mammals. Campylobacter has so many reservoirs in the

environment, food products (especially poultry, beef and pork) are at risk

of contamination during processing and other studies have documented.

Campylobacter alone contaminate up to 88% on chicken carcasses.

Campylobacteriosis, the illness caused by Campylobacter, is a zoonotic

emerging infectious disease characterized by diarrheal (often bloody),

abdominal pain, malaise, fever, nausea and vomiting etc. Campylobacter

infection may result in long-term health problems, called Guillain Barre

Syndrome (GBS) that occurs several weeks after the acute diarrheal illness,

and may result in permanent paralysis. GBS occurs when a person‟s

immune system makes antibodies against components of Campylobacter

and these antibodies attack components of the body‟s nerve cells because

they are chemically similar to bacterial components. This phenomenon

where the immune system attacks itself following Campylobacter infection

is called “molecular mimicry.” Macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin,

clarithromycin, or azithromycin) are the most effective agents for

Campylobacter jejuni. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics can also be used, but

resistance to this class has been rising, at least in part due to the use of this

class of antimicrobial in poultry feed. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria

http://www.about-guillain-barre.com/




50

is an emerging and increasing threat to human health by increasing

antimicrobial resistance in food borne pathogens and that patients who are

prescribed antibiotics are at increased risk for acquiring antimicrobial

resistant food borne infections. The use of antibiotics in feed for food

animals, on animals prophylactically to prevent disease, and the use of

antibiotics in humans unnecessarily must be reduced. European countries

have reduced the use of antibiotics in animal feed and have seen a

corresponding reduction in antibiotic-resistant illnesses in humans. Now a

day, prevalence, pathogenesis and control of Campylobacter using

antibiotics are in progress in several ways. However, prevention,

awareness, traditional or advanced technology still needed to eradicate

Campylobacter completely.

Poster -5

Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants against isolated clinical

pathogens

Poornima.S,Vijayalakshmi.M, Malarvizhi.A and Hemalatha.P,


Periyar University, Salem -11

The plant kingdom plays a main role in the life of human beings and

animals. The plants, as one of the important source for the treatment of

different diseases. In this present investigation, the pathogenic bacterial

isolates were identified from clinical samples by using standard methods.

The antibacterial activity on ethonolic leaves extracts of Curcuma longa

(turmeric), Azadirachta indica (neem), and Ocimum sanctum (tulsi) against

5 different clinical pathogenic bacterial isolates of Staphylococcus aureus,

Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and

Proteus vulgaris were performed by agar well diffusion method. MIC was

also employed with plant extracts. The inhibiting activity of plant extracts

was compared with standard antibiotics. The more inhibitory zone is

observed in ethanol extract of Curcuma longa and Azadirachta indica

against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

and Proteus vulgaris. The result showed that the ethanolic extract was

more effective than the water extract.

Poster -6

Molecular diagnosis of Neonatal Infection


51

Sugandhi.P* and Dhandapani.R*. Periyar University, Salem - 11

Neonates are newborn infant, especially one less than four weeks

old. These newborns are highly susceptible to various infections, than

older children and adults. It is because their new immune system is not

adequately developed to fight the bacteria, viruses and parasites that cause

these infections. Neonatal infections are currently responsible for 1.6

million deaths in developing countries. The most common causes of death

in neonatal period are infections (32%) including septicemia, meningitis,

pneumonia, diarrhoea followed by birth asphyxia (29%) and prematurity

(24%). Presently neonatal sepsis is the major cause of neonatal mortality

and morbidity. Neonatal infections are caused by number of infectious

organisms like Group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Rubella, Herpes

simplex virus, Hepatitis B virus, Toxoplasma gondii and Candida albicans.

Clinical diagnosis of newborn infants is difficult since there is no

laboratory test with 100% specificity and sensitivity. Common blood tests

consisting of WBC count, platelet count, blood culture and Chest X-rays,

urine tests results does not provide results before 48–72 hrs. So molecular

diagnosis provides highly sensitive and reliable results that can detect

infectious pathogens both qualitatively and quantitatively with timely test

results. Molecular methods are divided into four types such as

Hybridization methods (FISH, Probe hybridization and Micro arrays),

Amplification methods (PCR, Nested PCR, Pathogen specific PCR, and

Multiplex PCR), Post-amplification detection strategies (PCR+Sequencing,

PCR+hybridization), Non-Nucleic acid methods (Proteomics, Spectroscopy

and Phage assays) . Neonatal infections should be treated at the earliest

because the immune system of an infant is not completely developed and

the infection might become fatal. Antibiotics, Ampicillin and Gentamicin

are recommended for Group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli,

Pyrimethamine, the sulfa drug- sulfadiazine and folinic acid are

recommended for Toxoplasmosis, Liposomal Amphotericin B (L-Amp-

LRC-1) are recommended for Candidiasis. Vaccination plays a key role in

the prevention of infection in the neonatal period. It is also important to

support the mother by providing adequate knowledge regarding prevention

and early identification of neonatal infections.


52

Poster -7

Inhibition of food borne bacterial pathogens by bacteriocins from

Lactococcus lactis isolated from human breast milk

Krithika.D*, Sengottuvel.R**, and Dhandapani.R*.

*Department of Microbiology, Periyar University,

Salem-11.

**Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women

Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode-637 205

The human breast milk was collected, and serially diluted and plated

on glucose amended nutrient agar. The different colonies were taken and

gram staining was performed to screen gram positive lactic acid bacteria.

The test organisms were inoculated into Lactococcus agar medium.

Lactococcus lactis was isolated and identified by gram staining and

biochemical tests and bacteriocin was produced from them. Lactococcus

lactis cells were cultured at different time points such as 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 36

hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs to study the time kinetics of the strain of interest. The

maximum growth was observed at 36 hrs. The organisms were then

subjected to heat shock treatment at 55oC. The production of bacteriocin

was checked between pH 8.0, 8.5 and 9.0 and 8.5 was found to be ideal.

Then bacteriocin was partially purified using (DEAE cellulose) column

chromatography technique. The produced bacteriocins were checked for

antimicrobial activity against food borne pathogens. SDS PAGE was also

performed to determine the molecular weight of the bacteriocin which was

found to be 29 kDa.

Poster -8

Dermatophytosis and its molecular diagnosis–an alternative to

conventional methods

Umamaheswari.S, Sargunan.C, and Arvind Prasanth.D

Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem-636 011.

Consultant Dermatologist, Skin care and Cosmetology Clinic, Krishnagiri.

Dermatophytosis (ring worm or tinea infection) is one of the most

common fungal infections. Dermatophytes are a group of closely related

Keratinophilic fungi that invade keratinized tissues such as skin, hair and


53

nails and in humans and animals. This group consists of three genera

namely Trichophyton spp, Microsporum spp, and Epidermophyton spp. The

infections of this group are generally superficial and cutaneous. The risk

factor constitute exposuer to infectd people, animals, soil, fomites

including hat, combs, hairbrushes, humid climate, tight-fitting clothes,

chronic topical treatment or oral corticosteroid use, HIV, diabetes mellitus,

extreme obesity, occupation exposure, and other metabolic disorders. The

clinical manifestations are presented as infections of the glabrous skin

(tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and Tinea faciei), the highly keratinized skin

(palms, soles), skin rich in terminal hair Follicles (tinea capitis, tinea

barbae) and nail infection. The conventional method of identification by

microscopy includes potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount and the fungal

culture. As the conventional method lacks the ability to make an early and

specific diagnosis because of their overlapping characteristics, variability,

pleomorpic and inconclusive. The role of rapid identification method plays

a vital role in diagnosis as it enables a clinical to initiate early therapy. The

molecular approaches are more rapid and accurate Alternatives for the

conventional method of dermatophyte identification. These Methods

include restriction fragement length polymorphism analysis (RFLP),

sequencing of the large-submit Rrna gene and protein-encoding genes,

gene-specific PCR,random amplification of polymorphic analysis(AFLP),

and dot blot hybridization. Recent, studies have focused on the internal

transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the Rrna gene. Sequence analysis of the

ITS regions have proven to be a useful tool not only for phylogenetic

delineation but also for the identification of some dermatophytes. It is

indicated that PCR and other molecular-based techniques may be

considered as gold standard for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis and can

aid the clinician in initiating prompt and appropriate antifungal therapy.

Poster -9

Extended Spectrum of Beta-Lactamases (ESBL)-an emerging threat to

clinical therapeutics

Kowshalya.S, and Arvind Prasanth.D


Periyar University, Salem -636011.

Extended spectrum Beta–lactamases (ESBLs) are plasmid mediated,

TEM and SHV derived Beta–lactamase enzymes ,first isolated in Western


54

Europe in mid 1980s ,most commonly reported in Klebsiella spp. followed

by Escherichia coli. These enzymes are capable of hydrolyzing broad

spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams but inactive against

cephamycins and imipenem . In addition ,ESBL producing organisms

exhibit co resistance to many other classes of antibiotics resulting in

limitation of therapeutic option. ESBLs have serine at their active site and

attack the amide bond in the Beta–lactam ring of antibiotics causing their

hydrolysis. Due to their inoculums effect and substrate specificity their

detection possesses a major challenge. The incidence of these organisms is

being continuously increasing throughout the World with limited treatment

alternatives. Hence it is necessary to know the prevalence of these

organisms and to formulate treatment policy. Moreover, restricted use of

the third generation cephalosporins lead to withdrawal of selective pressure

and use of Beta–lactam and Beta–lactamase inhibitor combinations may

exert reverse mutation on these enzymes.

Poster -10

Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the virulence of E.coli.

Jayalakshmi.M*, Palanivel.P* and Jegadeeshkumar.D**

*Vivekanandha College Of Arts And Sciences For Women, Tiruchengode,

**Chromopark Research Centre, Namakkal

Totally ten E.coli isolates were obtained from poultry fecal samples.

In the present study, we studied the effect of oxidative stress on the

production of certain virulence factors by E.coli. The isolates were exposed

to oxidative stress by growing them in the presence of different

concentration of H2O2. These H2O2 causes a significantly decrease in the

expression of virulence factors such as cell surface hydrophobicity,

adherence, haemolysis serum resistance and Fimbriae. The results of the

present study clearly indicated that the oxidative stress may result, in

changes that may influence the virulence of E.coli.

Poster -11

Isolation of Biofilm forming antibiotic resistance blood isolates of

Candida albicans

Karthiga.P*, Vijayalakshmi.P* and Jegadeeshkumar.D**


55

*Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women,

Tiruchengode,

**Chromopark Research Centre, Namakkal.

Biofilm production has been implicated as a potential virulence

factor of some Candida species. Early detection of slime production by the

Candida species may be useful for clinical decisions. Therefore, we aimed

to demonstrate the formation of biofilm by Candida species isolated from

blood samples collected from ICU patients. The organisms were grown on

sabouraud‟s liquid medium containing 8% glucose. Biofilm production was

determined and biofilm forming C. albicans was subjected to antimicrobial

stability such as RED, and CDR types of antibiotics. In our current study

30% of isolates were resistance to RED and 40 % to CDR1 antibiotic. The

data suggest that the capacity of candida species to produce biofilm in vitro

may be a reflection of antibiotic resistance and pathogen of the isolates to

cause central venous catheter related candidaemia in ICU patients.

Poster -12

Isolation and identification of β lactamase producing Salmonella

typhimurium from food handlers in around Namakkal area

Gunavathi.N*, Moorthy.K*,Suresh kumar.B.T* and

Jegadeeshkumar.D**

* Vivekanandha College Of Arts And Science For Women,

Tiruchengode. **

Chromopark Research Centre, Namakkal.

In the present studies, 15 nail samples were collected to screen the

asymptomatic typhoid carriers and find out the emergency of beta

lactamase producing Salmonella tyhimurium. Totally10 (66.6%) isolates

were obtained from nail samples by selective media and biochemical test

like TSI, Indole, MR and VP test. These ten isolates were tested to ESBL

analysis, two isolates only showed positive for ESBL. In this present study

all isolates were subjected to antimicrobial stability test, among the 5

antibiotics 4 antibiotics were resistance to all isolates of Salmonella

tyhimurium. Furthermore all isolates were subjected to RAPD analysis for

identification of genetic diversity. In the study of RAPD analysis

heterogenecity was observed.


56

Poster -13

Virulence and molecular characterization of acute gastroenteritis

causing E.coli isolate from stool samples.

Anandharekha.R*, Vijayalakshmi.P* and Jegadeeshkumar.D**

*Vivekanandha College of Arts and Science for Women,

Tiruchengode,

** Chromopark research centre, Namakkal

To evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence

genes in E.coli strains isolates from stools samples of acute gastroenteritis

patients. A total of 12 E.coli were isolated and studied them for the

presence of fim I virulence factor by PCR. In this studies 10 E.coli (83.3%)

were produced virulence gene. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial

stability test. Among 9 antibiotics, ampicilin (100%) was highly resistance

followed by tetracycline (75%), chloramphenical (66.6%). The resistance

strains showed significantly higher prevalence of virulence genes (fim I)

than susceptible isolates. These isolates were subjected to RAPD analysis

for identification of genetic diversity. Our RAPD analysis showed

heterogenecity present in all isolates.

Poster -14

VIRULENCE DISTRIBUTATION AND MOLECULAR

CHARACTERIZATION OF Aeromonas hydrophila ISOLATED

FROM DIARRHOEAL PATIENTS

Balasundari.M*,Vijayalakshmi.P *and Jegadeeshkumar.D**.

*Vivekanandha College of Arts And Science For Women,

Tiruchengode.

** Chromopark research centre, Namakkal.

Aeromonas hydrophila is a causative agent of a number of human

infections. Aeromonads have been isolated from patients with diarrhoea. In

spite of a number of virulence factors produced by Aeromonas species,

their association with diarrhoeal diseases has not been clearly linked. In

current study, 35 fecal samples of a randomly selected population were

screened for presence of A. hydrophila. Out of the total number of cases, 20

were suffering from diarrhoea and the rest were asymptomatic healthy

individuals. The result showed that 10 of the samples were positive for


57

Aeromonas spp. A. hydrophila was isolated as the sole enteropathogen

from 80% diarrhoeal and 20% asymptomatic cases. These ten samples were

subjected to virulence factors identification such as hemolysin (40%),

gelatinase (20%) and protease (40%). Random amplified Polymorphic

DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied for molecular characterization of

Salmonella species. A total of 3 primers were used and only single primer

showed good discriminatory power for all isolates. Dendrogram showed

heterogenecity present in all isolates.

Poster -15

Biogas production from Eichornia crassipes

Thangamani.P*, and Karthy.E.S**

* Department of microbiology,

Vivekananda College of Arts & Sciences for women,

Tiruchengode

** AWE CARE,

Analytical and Research Laboratories Postal Nagar. Erode.11

India has been facing the fuel energy problems in some parts of the

country, especially in rural areas. In order to reduce dependence on

commercial energy, steps have been taken to develop an alternative source,

such as biogas. The main constraints for installing a digester, however, are

the initial investment cost and the competition over kerosene water

hyacinths cause ecological and economic problems by impeding navigation

and fishing activities, clogging irrigation systems and by creating a chronic

shortage of dissolved oxygen harmful to the fauna and the flora. Anaerobic

digestion is a highly promising technology for converting biomass waste

into methane, which may directly be used as an energy source. A one drum

digests continuous load digesters with total volume of 150 L. Totally 75 Kg

of pre compost water hyacinth was add and incubate for 30 days.

Periodically physical, chemical and microbial parameter was analyzed

(Total nitrogen test, Volatile fatty acids test, Total solids and volatile

solids, pH, Temperature, Thermophilic bacterial count, Total bacterial

count, anaerobic bacterial count). The goal of the present study is to assess

the feasibility of biomethanation process for biogas production from water

hyacinth.


58

Poster -16

Detection of lipase and amylase activity from plant sources

Uma L* and Karthy E.S** * Department of microbiology,

Vivekananda College of Arts & Sciences for women, Tiruchengode **

AWE CARE, Analytical and Research Laboratories,

Postal Nagar, Erode.11

Lipolytic enzymes are widely used in the manufacturing process

throughout the world in the varied and interesting applications. In recent

years in the growing demand of lipolytic enzymes has been increased due

to potential use in the various manufacturing process of industrial goods

such as detergent industry, food industry and medicine, which inspired to

search new sources for enzyme isolation. Amylases also most important

industrial enzymes that have a wide variety of applications ranging from

conversation of starch to sugar syrups to the production of cyclodextrins for

the pharmaceutical industry. For this study, 15 kinds of plant sources viz.

fruits, vegetables, pulses were selected for the detection of lipase and

amylase enzymes. Amylolytic and lipolytic activity of above plant source

extracts were detected by using starch and tributyrin agar plates. These

enzymes were characterized by studying the profile of the temperature,

different concentration of substrate and different concentration of enzymes

for the enzyme activity.

Poster -17

Molecular sub-cloning of the gene encoding wheat monomeric alpha

amylase inhibitor in E.COLI.

R.Rabiathul basriya, *T.Sathishkumar, Department of Biotechnology

Vivekanandha College for Women-Unjanai.

Scirophaga incertulas is a predominantly monophagous pest of rice

which causes high yield loss of rice crop. The larvae of this pest completes

their growth within the stem by feeding on the stem parts resulting in „dead

hearts‟or „white heads‟ condition. The larvae are not easily accessible to


59

sprayed pesticides because they complete their life cycle within the stem.

Several works have been carried out to develop transgenic crops, but there

is always a chance of the larvae developing resistance to Bt toxins. Hence,

it is important to look for resistant genes from other sources that can be

incorporated into rice genome.

Genes that encode protinaceous inhibitors that target digestive

enzymes like protenaces and amylases are the ideal candidates for

producing transgenies. Alpha amylases play an important role in the

carbohydrate metabolism of such insects. Hence, alpha-amylase inhibitors

from non host plants would be attractive aspects to control the larvae of

Scirophaga incertulas. preliminary studies have shown that the amylase

activity of this rice pest can inhibited by the monomeric and dimeric alpha-

amylase inhibitors of the local variety of wheat. So this study have focused

on the sub-cloning of the monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitor gene in

E.coli. Since this WMAI gene is nonglyconited. It can be expressed in the

prokaryotic host such as E.coli.

Thus using the various molecular techniques WMAI gene was sub-

cloned into pET25b vector to be expressed in the prokaryotic host E.coli.

the original gene was amplified using the primers which were designed in

the lab. The gene and the vector were linearized using the restriction

enzymes. The vector was ligated with the vector and then transformed to

E.coli host. The positive clones were screened for the presense of the insert.

These clones were sent for sequencing to confirm that the gene is in right

reading frame for its expression in the host.

Poster -18

The effect of starch and dextrin in penicillin production

using Penicillium Chrysogenum

K.Priya, *T.Sathishkumar.

Department of Biotechnology

Vivekanandha College for Women-Unjanai.

Penicillium chrysogenum is the major organism used for the

production of Penicillin in industrial level. The well isolated colonies were

observed on seed medium.

The colony size was observed to be 3 to 5mm in diameter. The

morphology of the colony appeared to be light green with white periphery


60

patches. Highly wrinkled with many indentations on its surfaces with raised

center like crater hollow in middle.

Production medium for Penicillin should contain the PH of 6.8, this

PH was optimum for Penicillin production. After the substrates such as

starch and dextrin were given to the medium as daily addition and

dumping, well isolated colonies of Penicillim chrysogenum.

Thus the penicillin activity was high in the production medium which

containing both starch and dextrin. This activity of Penicillin were used

against the several bacterial infections. Thus, carbon sources play a main

role in the Penicillin production.

Poster -19

Development of dot-ELISA for the detection of avian infectious

bronchitis virus

P.RAMYA DEVI*,T.SATHISKUMAR*, * Department of Biotechnology


Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) us a major cause of disease in

domestic fowl. The virus produce an acute highly contagious disease of

upper respiratory & urogenital tract if chicken termed as infectious

Bronchitis (IB). Urogential form characterized involvement of kidneys as

pale enlarged kidneys, clinically this condition described as Infectious

Bronchitis (IBV) and it may resemble nephritis due some other cause. IB

was diagnosed by means of isolation and identification with available

vaccine virus.

The virus has worldwide distribution and recently many different

variants have been isolated (Cook, 1983). Because of financial losses

caused by the virus, a fast sensitive virus detection method is essential to

help the poultry industry.

The present study was conducted to know the incidence of IBV in

commercial chicken in and around Nammakal, Palladam and Udumalpet

area of Tamil Nadu. The disease is of more significant economic concern

for the poultry meat and egg production of Tamil Nadu and India as well.

The present study involved in the isolation of IBV from affected

kidneys of commercial chickens and identification of the isolates by HA,

AGPT and DOT-ELISA comparison with available commercial vaccine

strain.


61

The IBV has been implicated in Bronchitis and Nephritis.

Vaccination is only partially successful because of the continual emergence

of antigenic vaccine. Hence the study was focused to identify and antigenic

variant among the field isolated and there by arriving a new vaccination

programmes with suitable antigenic type or types.

Poster -20

Microcystin Isolation from Cyanobacterial Strains

Dr L.R Gopinath and Jennita Soraisham

Department of Biotechnology,

Vivekanandha college of Arts and Sciences for Women

Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode- 637 205

Namakkal, Tamilnadu.

Blue green algae (cyanobacteria) are unique photosynthetic

organisms of great importance because of their existence of some 3.5

billion years and their distribution in terrestrial, freshwater and marine

habitats. During warm weather, many lakes, ponds and surface water

bodies turn blue-green due to the growth of cyanobacteria. This

phenomenon is known as “bloom formation”. Their growth is being

enhanced by the high level nutrient level of nitrogen phosphorous and

carbondioxide concentration from the industrial effluents, livestock or

human waste. Majority of the common bloom formers are known to

produce biotoxins and are responsible for sporadic formation but recurrent

cases of poisoning and death among wildlife and domestic animals.

Cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria are predominantly hepatoxic and

neurotoxic. Mycrocystin is a hepatotoxin and are one of the most

frequently reported toxin in surface water. They can promote tumours,

contamination of sea food with toxin and can damage the fishing industries.

Recent researches have actually shown that microcystin act as protein

phosphatase inhibitors as well as tumor promoters when present in

nanomolar concentration.

Microcystis, a cyanobacterial species, is known to produce a class of

cyclic hepatopeptides called microcystis. Microcystis can be produced non-

ribosomally by multifunctional enzyme complexes and thus were long

regarded as secondary metabolites like most of the microbial peptides

showing similar synthesis.


62

The present study was carried out with the four fresh water

cyanobacterial strains namely Microcystis aeruginera, Oscillatoria

amphigranulata, Oscillatoria peronata, Oscillatoria proteus, to optimize

the level of chlorophyll which are highly useful for the growth

measurements.

Poster -21

Production of lipase from oil mill waste isolates of Bacillus subtilis

S. Sathya*, B. Pragatheswari*, P. Murugasundari*.

*Dept. of Biochemistry,


Perambalur.

In this study, the lipolytic Bacillus subtilis was isolated from the oil

mill waste by enrichment techniques. The isolated colonies were screened

on Olive oil medium, colonies which produce the maximum zone of the

particular organisms was used for further optimization studies. Among the

5 Bacillus substilis isolates, a single isolate was the subjected to submerged

fermentation medium and the enzyme characteristics were studied with

respect to substrate, temperature and pH. The production of lipase was

significantly influenced by carbon sources such as Olive oil, Castor oil,

Gingelly oil, Palm oil, and Sunflower oil at different temperature range.

The maximum lipase activity was reached by the Bacillus at 37°C and pH 7

where its production reached upto 0.01033 and 0.01066 µg/ml/min. Among

the different substrate the maximum activity was observed in Gingelly oil

(0.01066 µg/ml/min) at pH 7 and temperature 37°C. Degradation of oil

wastage by the crude enzyme extract and bacterial suspension were

compared. The crude enzyme extract liberate more free fatty acid (10.9564

%) compared to Bacillus isolates (8.4240%). From the study it was

concluded that the commercially important enzyme can be produced by

submerged fermentation techniques using frequently available edible oil

sources it can be used for the biodegradation of oil effluents.

Poster -22

Comparative study of bactericidal activity of commercial antibiotics

with medicinal plant extracts (Morinda citrifolia & Puncia granatum)

AGAINST Salmonella typhimurium, E.coli and Vibrio cholerae.


63

Reeba James, T.B., Dhivya.S., and Lavanya, V. Department of Microbiology,

Vivekananda College of Arts & Sciences for women,

Elayampalayam – 637 205.

Tiruchengode -Tk.

Namakkal – Dt.

Plant extract have antimicrobial activity against microorganisms. The

present study was an ethonobotanical approach by which the antimicrobial

effect of various extracts was screened against the selected pathogenic

bacteria. The extracts used for this study included pomegranate and

collected leaves of Morinda citrifolia & Puncia granatum. The inhibitory

effect of plant extracts were tested using Agar well diffusion method

against Salmonella typhimurium, E.coli and Vibrio cholerae. The inhibitory

effect of leaf and pomegranate extracts against gastro intestinal

microorganism was determined.

Poster -23

In vitro screening of Salacia Chinensis Linn against microbial

pathogens.

Drisya Rishikesh*, J.P.S. Veena Sochalingam* and

S.Arul Sheeba Malar*, K.Moorthy

*PG and Research Department of Microbiology


Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode- 637 205.

In recent generation, herbal preparations are more frequently used to

prevent and treat several diseases in world. The present study focused to

screen the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plant namely Salacia

chinensis Linn. Antimicrobial activity of the plant was screened by disc

diffusion method. A total of 17 microbial strains were used, out of which

15 were bacterial strains and 2 were fungal strains. The ethanolic extract of

Salacia chinensis Linn were used to study the antimicrobial activity. The

sensitivity and resistance pattern of the organisms were properly identified

by using various antibiotics, and compared with antimicrobial activity of

plant extract. The ethanolic extract showed effective antimicrobial activity

against 11 organisms with maximum zone of inhibition. This extract


64

showed anti fungal activity against 2 fungus Candida albicans and

Cryptococcus neoformans. Staphylococcus epidermidis on extract produced

40mm zone which was similar to Amikacin. This extract showed moderate

antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris,

Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B,

Shigella flixneri, Vibrio parahemolyticus and Listeria monocytogenus. The

research reveals that Salacia chinensis Linn extract showed antimicrobial

activity for many organisms.

Poster -24

Effect of Multidrug Resistance of ESBL Strains on Antiviral Drugs

Vinodhini.R*, Palanivel.P* and Sengottuvel.R*. *Department of microbiology,


Tiruchangode-637205.

ESBL (Extended spectrum β-lactamase) are plasmid mediated

enzymes which are capable of hydrolyzing and inactivating a wide variety

of first generation and third generation cephalosporin‟s, pencillins as well a

monobactams (such as aztreanam). Most of these plasmids not only

contains DNA encoding ESBL enzymes but also carry genes which confer

resistance to several non-B lactam antibiotics. They are aminoglycosides,

fluoroquinolones, tetracyclins, chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole,

trimethopriom. In the present study, samples like urine, sputum, pus,

blood were collected from that Klebslella sp, Staphylococcus aureus,

E.coli, Proteus sp, Salmonella sp, Enterobacter, Pseudoomonas sp were

isolated. Among 15 isolates 3 were identified as the ESBL strains.

Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates were done by Kirby- Bauer disc

diffusion method.

Kelbsiella sp was sensitive to Tobramycin, Gatifloxacin, Netilmycin,

Tetracycline, Amikacin. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to

Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Netilmycin, Vancomycin, Genetamycin.

Pseudomonas sp was sentitive to Gatifloxaci, Netilmycin, Amikacin,

cefepime / Tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime. Enterobacter was

sensitive to ceftazidime, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, Netilmycin,

Tetracycline. Salmonella spp. sensitive to Ampicillin, Gentamytcin,

cotrimoxazole, Amikacin, cefpirome, ceftazidime. E.coli was sensitive to

Tobramycin, Netilmycin, cefepime / Tazobactam, Amikacin, Proteus was

sensitive to Ciprofloxin, Gentamycin etc.,


65

The ESBL strains was identified by Double disc synergism test. In this

method Amoxicillin / Clavulanic acid combination disc, cefazidime, and

ceftodoxime discs were used. The ESBL strains were go for plasmid curing

by antiviral drugs like Amantadine, Rimantandine etc., finally plasmid

cured ESBL strains antibiogram were studied.

Poster -25

A Study on heavy metal toxicity and tolerance capability of Rhizobium

spp.

Kavitha.R *, Sengottuvel.R* and Palanivel.P*.

*Department of Microbiology ,


Tiruchengode-637205.

Heavy metals are some of the major environmental pollutants. Main

sources of heavy metals contamination include urban industrial aerosols,

solid wastes from animals , mining activities, industrial chemicals. The

effect of heavy metals cadmium chloride, cobalt nitrate, nickel (II)

chloride, zinc nitrate on the growth of microorganism Rhizobium were

studied. For the genus Rhizobium different concentrations (200ppm,

400ppm, 600ppm, 800ppm and 1000ppm) of heavy metals was prepared in

Trypticase Soya Broth. Test media were inoculated with the test organism.

The growth of the organism were studied at 37°C at different time intervals

(24hrs, 48hrs, 72hrs, 96hrs and 120hrs). Growth were measured by means

OD value using spectrophotometer at 620nm. Cobalt salt heavily affect the

growth of the organism at the concentration of 800ppm where as Nickel

salt moderately affect the growth of the organism at the concentration of

400ppm and Zinc and cadmium salts didn‟t show any effect on the growth

of the organism.

Poster -26

Study of physical and cultural parameters on the Bacteriocin produced

by Lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Indian fermented

foods.

Meriam Titus* and Vijayalakhsmi. P*



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Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women

Elayampalayam,Tiruchengode-637 205

Lactic acid bacteria predominates the micro-flora of fermented

products. They produce metabolites that inhibit the growth of food borne

pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. The objectives of the present

study were isolation, identification of LAB from traditional Indian

fermented foods and study of physical and cultural parameters on the

bacteriocin produced by them. Seven isolates of bacteriocin producing

LAB were isolated from curd, dosa batter and idli batter and were

identified as genera of Lactobacillus. The culture supernatants of the seven

isolates were evaluated for the antimicrobial activity against

Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp. The stability of the

bacteriocin was tested at different temperature, pH, presence of bile salts

and storage period at 4oC. The bacteriocin produced by the isolates were

stable at temperatures 30o-80

oC and with highest activity at pH 6. SDS-

PAGE analysis of the partially purified bacteriocins suggested their

apparent molecular weights between 16.5-48kDa. These bacteriocins may

have a potential use as food bio-preservatives and may help in improving

the gut environment by compairing several pathogenic micro organisms.

Poster -27

Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Syzygium

aromaticum against meat spoilage organisms

Saranya.K*, Arul Sheeba Malar.S* and Ramyadevi.T*




Plants are the mainstay of medicine and credited with mystical and

almost supernatural power of healing. The practice of herbal medicine

dates backs to the very earliest periods of known human history. There is

evidence of herbs have been used in the treatment of diseases and for

revitalizing body systems in almost all ancient civilizations. In the present

studies seven isolates of Bacillus spp. Staphylococcus aureus. Escherichia

coli, Proteus spp. Klebsiella spp. Salmonella spp. Pseudomonas spp. were

isolated from the meat samples of Salem district. The isolates were

characterized and identified by preliminary and biochemical tests. The


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antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and

Syzygium aromaticum were studied against various meat pathogens such as

gram positive and gram negative organisms by agar well diffusion method.

In this method various concentrations of the extracts were used for the

antibacterial activity. Cinnamomum zeylanicum showed activity against

three organisms such as Bacillus spp. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas

spp. Syzygium aromaticum extract showed activity against only two

organisms such Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. However further

extensive work to be carried on the basis of isolation and purification of

active components from the plant material, purified compound to be

identified properly which can be used for antibacterial activity and then

drug can be formulated for commercial purpose.

Poster -28

RAPD analysis and determination of antimicrobial activity of

medicinal plant oils on biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus isolated

from clinical samples

Punitha.T* and Vijayalakshimi. P*



Tiruchengode-637205

Staphylococcus aureus is a very versatile pathogen isolated from

wound infection, causing many different infection , ranging from mild to

superficial that are life threatening or fatal and it has the ability to form

biofilm which is an accumulation of microbial community enmeshed in self

produced extracellular material. Among the collected fifty pus samples,

twenty five isolates of genera Staphylococcus, were isolated and using

biochemical tests the species confirmed as S.aureus. Twenty five isolates

of S.aureus were detected for biofilm formation using congo red agar plates

in in vitro method and its antibiogram were detected for methicillin

resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using Muller-Hinton agar.

Biofilm formation over the wound infection resist the use of antibiotics. In

order to inhibit the biofilm formation, the twenty five strong biofilm

forming isolates were treated with the essential oils obtained from

Eucalyptus, Neem, Olive, Amla, Turpentine, Mint in different

concentration using agar disc diffusion method. The isolates which

showing high sensitivity to the essential oils were randomly isolated and its


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genetic diversity were evaluated using Random Amplification of

Polmorphic DNA (RAPD) method.

Poster -29

Prospective detection of secondary skin infection isolates from

outpatients and their sensitivity to antimicrobial agent

Radha.R, Selvi.M and Lavanya.V,


Vivekanandha College Of Arts And Sciences for Women,Tiruchengode-

637205.

Skin and soft tissues infections are involving the non-skeletal tissues.

Most skin infections result from a break in the skin such as surgery,

decubitus ulcer, cuts, punctures, animals or insects bites thorn and needle

pricks or burns. When a hole is multiply leading to a delay in the healing

process and finally infections conditions. A total samples scrapped

aseptically from one hospital were identified as Staphylococcus aureus,

Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus mutants, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus

epidermis based on phenotypic and genotypic characterizations. The

analysis for antimicrobial susceptibility showed that most of isolates,

belonging to the various genera developed multiple drug resistant.

Poster -30

Antibacterial Activity of Actinomycetes from Termites Gut

Shanmugapriya.M, Abisha.A and Palanivel.P,




Termites gut microflora colonizing the hindgut of lower and higher

termites. The intestinal tracts of termites gut microbiota are Actinomycetes,

Fermentative bacteria, Spirochaetes and Pseudomonads. Actinomycetes

isolated from local termites (workers). The Actinomycetes flora in the

termite are changed depending on the taxonomic difference between

termites. Actinomycetes are symbiotically associated with other microbiota

(Spirochaetes, Pseudomonads and fermentative bacteria etc.,) in the hind


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gut of termites. Actinomycetes produce primary and secondary metobolites

regulate to avoide their overgrowth of the other organisms associated with

termites gut. Termites were collected from Sugarcane wastes, tree barks

and live termites mounds from Namakkal. Termites were surface sterilized

by using 70% ethanol and the gut was removed without rupturing and

washed in sterile phosphate buffer (pH 7). Diluted gut extract were plated

on to the Starch Caesein Agar (SCA) with Nystatin and Nalidixic acid.

Actinobacter load in SCA plates 360 colonies in 10-1

dilution , 270 colonies

in 10-2

dilution, 157 colonies in 10-3

dilution from this plate 27 Actinobacter

were subcultured in ISP2. These Actinobacter were used to screen the

clinical isolates (Pseudomonas spp. Proteus spp. Staphylococcus aureus,

Salmonella spp. Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli). Method used for

screening was Cross Streak Method, three strains of Actinobacter showed

antagonistic effect against clinical isolates. Proceeding work to be

completed in this investigation includes, Mass cultivation, Solvent

Extraction, MIC, MBC determination and compound analysis.

Poster -31

Whole cell protein profile of CTXM antibiotic resistance Klebsiella

Pneumoniae isolate from different food samples

S.Aruna., K. Gokila., C. Sasirekha., V.Lavanya., and

R.Balagurunathan.


Periyar University, Salem-11.

Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from Food samples like milk

samples, chicken meat samples and goat meat samples. Among the three

types of samples, highest occurrence obtained from milk and goat meat

samples (50%) and lowest occurrence in chicken meat samples (37.5%). In

order to find out the CTXM antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae

described by two methods namely Phenotypic method (Disc diffusion),

Genotypic method (PCR). Out of 12 isolates 10 (83%) was showed

resistance to CTXM antibiotic. In this studies both methods were described

the same results. In the present study all CTXM antibiotic resistance

isolates were subjected into SDS PAGE analysis for characterized the

whole cell protein. The distinct protein bands among the different isolates

of Klebsiella pneumoniae the protein band ranges from 14.3kd to 97.4kd

and all isolates had above 97.4kd protein bands. Among the 10 isolates few


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isolates had polymorphic bands patterns. This result indicate the genetic

diversity were present in our isolates. This study indicated that Klebsiella

pneumoniae is prevalent in the milk, goat and chicken meat sold at retail

shops in Namakkal area. The detection of 10 Klebsiella pneumoniae in this

study reflects the possible cross-contamination from multiple sources at the

slaughter house and poor hygiene during meat cutting, handling and storage

at shops. Proper cooking of meat before consumption and improving

personal and meat hygiene in the line of meat production from farm to farm

should be adopted to ensure the safety of meat and meat products for

human consumption.

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