SOUTH CAROLINA STATE COMPREHENSIVE OUTDOOR

RECREATION PLAN (SCORP)

2008

MARK SANFORD Governor of South Carolina

CHAD PROSSER Director, South Carolina Department of

Parks, Recreation and Tourism

South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism

Recreation, Planning and Engineering Office 1205 Pendleton Street, Suite 246 Columbia, South Carolina 29201

803-734-0173 www.discoversouthcarolina.com

www.scprt.com

Tony Bebber, Planning Manager 803-734-0189

The Matheny-Burns Group Post Office Box 1645

Lexington, South Carolina 29071 (803) 356-9475

The preparation of this report was financed by the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Special thanks go to the following:

� The Matheny-Burns Group, the planning and resource development consulting firm that provided research and technical assistance in the preparation of the SCORP draft and final report. This assistance included the facilitation of five public workshops and the Interagency Focus Group Meeting, as well as coordination with a number of State, Federal, regional and local agencies and organizations that have contributed to the 2008 SCORP.

� Dr. Robert Oldendick and his staff at the Survey Research Laboratory of the Institute

for Public Service and Policy Research, University of South Carolina, for their work on the 2005 South Carolina Recreation Participation & Preference Study.

� Yun Poungthana, Art Director of the SCPRT Sales and Marketing Office, for the

graphic design of the cover and valuable assistance with printing specifications and process.

� Mary Stewart, Office Manager of the SCPRT Recreation, Planning and Engineering

Office, for always providing cheerful assistance and patience.

� The Lamar Branch of the Darlington County Library, the Charleston County Parks

& Recreation Commission, Barnwell State Park, the Appalachian Council of

Governments, the Central Midlands Council of Governments, and Sesquicentennial State Park for the use of meeting facilities for the regional public workshops.

� Numerous workshop participants and representatives of the more than 50 agencies

and organizations that actively participated in the SCORP planning process, provided current information and data, submitted recommendations and contributed valuable comments and insight for the draft document.

The main cover photo of this publication is of Caesars Head State Park and the back cover photo is of Hickory Knob State Resort Park. The back inset photos were taken at the following State Parks: Colleton State Park (left photo), Hunting Island State Park (center photo), and Table Rock State Park (right photo). The South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age, or handicap in its programs and activities. If anyone believes he or she has been subjected to discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age, or handicap, he or she may file a complaint alleging discrimination with either the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, 1205 Pendleton Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, or the Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 29240.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................................. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... ii GOVERNOR’S LETTER ............................................................................................................ iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES, CHARTS AND TABLES ...................................................................... v-vi ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................. vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ E1-E19

I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1

II. STATE PROFILE

A. GEOGRAPHIC PROFILE .................................................................................... 2-5 B. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ................................................................................ 5-9 C. ECONOMIC PROFILE ....................................................................................... 9-10

III. 2002 SCORP ACCOMPLISHMENTS ................................................................. 11-15

IV. STATE OUTDOOR RECREATION GOALS

A. LEGISLATIVE GOALS .................................................................................. 16-17 B. SCPRT MISSION AND GOALS ..................................................................... 17-18 C. SCORP GOALS ..................................................................................................... 18

V. SCORP PLANNING PROCESS............................................................................. 19-20

VI. SCORP PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS.................................................. 21-22

VII. STATE OUTDOOR RECREATION ASSESSMENT

A. RECREATION RESOURCES ............................................................................ 23-66 B. ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND ........................................................................... 66-94 C. ISSUE IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION ..................................... 94-101

VIII SCORP IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM

A. FUTURE NEEDS .............................................................................................102-103 B. RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................. 103-114

IX. SELECTED REFERENCES .................................................................................115-120

X. APPENDICES

A. RECREATION PARTICIPATION BY PLANNING DISTRICT .................. 121-131 B. SOUTH CAROLINA HERITAGE PRESERVES .......................................... 132-140

C. LIST OF SAMPLE GRANTS AND FUNDING SOURCES.......................... 141-145 D. SUMMARY OF FEDERAL LEGISLATION........................................................ 146

E. SUMMARY OF PUBLIC WORKSHOPS AND COMMENTS..................... 147-157 F. 2002 SCORP ACCOMPLISHMENTS............................................................ 158-171

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LIST OF FIGURES, CHARTS AND TABLES

FIGURES PAGE

Figure 1. South Carolina Surface Water .............................................................................. 3 Figure 2. South Carolina Planning Districts and MSAs ...................................................... 6 Figure 3. South Carolina Population Change by County, 1990-2000 ................................. 7 Figure 4. South Carolina Population Density by County, 2000 ........................................... 8 Figure 5. South Carolina State Park Service ........................................................................27 CHARTS PAGE

Chart 1. 2002 SCORP Priority Implementation Issues ..................................................... 11 Chart 2. SC State Park Service 2003 Strategic Management Goals ................................ 24 Chart 3. Design Recommendations for an Aging Society ................................................. 85 Chart 4. 2008 SCORP Priority Issues ........................................................................... 95-97 Chart 5. Key Issues Facing Outdoor Recreation .............................................................. 98 Chart 6. Suggested Actions and Solutions to Key Outdoor Recreation Issues ........... 98-99 Chart 7. Issues of National Concern ........................................................................ 100-101 Chart 8. Outdoor Recreation Guiding Policy and Planning Principles .......................... 102 Chart 9. 2008 SCORP Implementation Issues ........................................................ 103-104 TABLES PAGE

Table 1. Major Reservoirs in South Carolina ...................................................................... 4 Table 2. South Carolina Population by MSA ..................................................................... 6 Table 3. South Carolina Population by Regional Planning Area ........................................ 7 Table 4. South Carolina Population by Age ........................................................................ 9 Table 5. South Carolina Population by Race and Ethnicity ................................................ 9 Table 6. South Carolina State Park Service Facilities ................................................... 25-26 Table 7. National and State Designated Scenic Rivers in SC ............................................ 29 Table 8. South Carolina Trail Mileage by Type of Use ..................................................... 32 Table 9. Popular South Carolina Public Trails ............................................................. 35-36 Table 10. South Carolina Scenic Highways .................................................................... 37-38 Table 11. Recreational Facilities at Thurmond, Hartwell and Russell Lakes ..................... 43 Table 12. South Carolina Land Trust Network ............................................................... 48-51 Table 13. Summary of Resource Category River Miles in SC............................................. 52 Table 14. Important Wetlands in South Carolina ............................................................ 55-56 Table 15. Summary of Grants Funded by the SC Conservation Bank, FY 2004-2007........ 63 Table 16. Statewide Recreation Participation Trends .................................................... 68-69 Table 17. Average Recreation Participation per SC Resident by Activity...................... 70-71 Table 18. Total Participation in Recreational Activities ................................................. 71-72 Table 19. Statewide Recreation Participation by Age Group.......................................... 73-74 Table 20. Statewide Recreation Participation by Gender ............................................... 75-76 Table 21. Statewide Recreation Participation by Family Income .................................. 77-78 Table 22. Statewide Recreation Participation by Race ................................................... 78-79

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LIST OF FIGURES, CHARTS AND TABLES

TABLES PAGE

Table 23. Persons with Disabilities Rehabilitated by the SC Vocational ............................ 87 Rehabilitation Department, Fiscal Years 2001-2004 Table 24. Poverty Status for South Carolina Residents by Age........................................... 89 Table 25. 2008 SCORP Implementation Strategies .................................................. 105-114 Table 26. State Recreation Participation, Appalachian Planning District ......................... 122 Table 27. State Recreation Participation, Upper Savannah Planning District ................... 123 Table 28. State Recreation Participation, Catawba Planning District ............................... 124 Table 29. State Recreation Participation, Central Midlands Planning District ................. 125 Table 30. State Recreation Participation, Lower Savannah Planning District .................. 126 Table 31. State Recreation Participation, Santee-Lynches Planning District .................... 127 Table 32. State Recreation Participation, Pee Dee Planning District ................................ 128 Table 33. State Recreation Participation, Waccamaw Planning District .......................... 129 Table 34. State Recreation Participation, Berkeley-Charleston-Dorchester ........................ 130 Planning District Table 35. State Recreation Participation, Lowcountry Planning District .......................... 131

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SCORP ACRONYMS

ACE: Ashepoo-Combahee-Edisto Rivers ADA: Americans with Disabilities Act ATV: All-Terrain Vehicle BMPs: Best Management Practices COG: Council of Governments CORPS: US Army Corps of Engineers DU: Ducks Unlimited FERC: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission GIS: Geographic Information System HLTF: Heritage Land Trust Fund (State) KVLT: Katawba Valley Land Trust LWCF: Land and Water Conservation Fund (Federal) NERR: National Estuarine Research Reserve NF: National Forest NPS: National Park Service NRCS: Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly Soil Conservation Service) NRT: National Recreation Trail OCRM: Ocean and Coastal Resources Management Office (SCDHEC) OHV: Off-Highway Vehicle OPSP: Open Project Selection Process OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration PARD: Parks and Recreation Development Fund (State) PCF: Palmetto Conservation Foundation QU: Quail Unlimited RAC: State Forests Recreational Advisory Council RELT: Recreation Land Trust Fund (State) RTP: Recreational Trails Program Fund (Federal) SAFETEA-LU: Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act/Legacy for Users SC: South Carolina SCDAH: South Carolina Department of Archives and History SCDHEC: South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control SCDNR: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources SCDOT: South Carolina Department of Transportation SCE&G: South Carolina Electric and Gas Company SCFC: South Carolina Forestry Commission SCORP: State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan SCPRT: South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism SCRPA: South Carolina Recreation and Parks Association TEA 21: Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century TU: Trout Unlimited UPARR: Urban Park and Recreation Recovery Program (Federal) USDA: United States Department of Agriculture USFS: United States Forest Service USFWS: United States Fish and Wildlife Service WMA: Wildlife Management Area

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The 2008 State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) is South Carolina’s official outdoor recreation plan and serves as a guide to Federal, State and local governmental agencies and non-profit and private sector entities involved in recreation and natural resources planning and development. The purpose of the Plan is to consider outdoor recreation issues relating to the needs of both residents and visitors to South Carolina, examine the State's recreational resources, analyze demand for recreational opportunities, develop an implementation program to address the identified needs and issues, identify funding opportunities, and identify issues of state and national importance. The South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism (SCPRT) is the designated agency responsible for outdoor recreation planning in the State to include the update of the SCORP every five years. The SCORP process provides an opportunity for a variety of agencies and organizations to communicate upcoming projects, leverage limited resources, and coordinate activities. The SCORP is used as a guide for distribution of State recreation grant funds such as the Recreation

Land Trust (RELT) Fund and the Parks and Recreation and Development (PARD) Fund. The SCORP meets the National Park Service requirements for a state plan and serves as the planning document for the disbursement of South Carolina's share of the Federal Land and Water

Conservation Fund (LWCF), administered by the National Park Service of the US Department of the Interior, and as a guide for the distribution of the Recreational Trails Program (RTP) Fund. The Plan is also used by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the USDA Forest Service, SCPRT, the SC Department of Natural Resources, and other State, regional and local agencies and organizations to identify recreation usage patterns and needs.

State Profile South Carolina is located in the heart of a region that is experiencing unprecedented growth. An overview of the State’s geographic, population, and economic development trends provides a glimpse into the challenges and opportunities faced by South Carolinians as we work to accommodate growth while preserving and enhancing our State’s abundant natural resources and quality of life. These conditions have a profound affect on recreation and tourism resources and help define the direction and focus of outdoor recreation planning in the Palmetto State.

� South Carolina ranks 40th in land area among the fifty states at more than 32,000 square miles. The State offers a full range of topographic features – from the mountains and foothills of the southern Blue Ridge; to the rolling Piedmont, Sandhills, and broad Coastal Plains; and to the coastal barrier islands and expansive beaches on the Atlantic Ocean.

� The State’s climate offers long summers and mild winters that provide year-round recreational opportunities.

� South Carolina benefits from an abundant supply of water in the form of lakes, streams, rivers, wetlands and aquifers. There are 11,000 miles of permanently flowing rivers and

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streams in the State, or nearly one-half mile for every square mile of land surface. There are also more than 1,600 lakes larger than 10 acres throughout the State. Of these lakes, 19 reservoirs that are larger than 1,000 acres each collectively account for more than 461,400 acres of surface water.

� Almost one-fourth of the State (4.6 million acres) is considered wetlands. Only 4 other states have a higher percentage of wetlands – Alaska, Florida, Louisiana and Maine. South Carolina’s wetlands comprise nearly 12% of the total wetland area of the southeastern United States. Of the State’s wetlands, 90% are freshwater and 10% consist of saltwater or brackish marshland. Freshwater wetlands occur throughout the State and include freshwater marshes, forested wetlands (primarily cypress-tupelo swamps and bottomland hardwood forests), and isolated wetlands (Carolina bays, pocosins, potholes, mountain bogs, and sinkholes).

� The State has 190 miles of coastline. The coastal beaches are the State’s greatest single attraction among the various natural, historic, and man-made recreational resources and are the focal point of the State's travel and tourism industry. The 60-mile Grand Strand contains some of the Atlantic Coast's longest unbroken stretches of beaches. Other coastal resources include 240 miles of Intracoastal Waterway, extensive saltwater marshes, and numerous bays and sounds.

� South Carolina has experienced steady population growth over the past three decades and is currently the 10th fastest growing state in the nation. Between 1970 and 2000, the State’s population grew by nearly 55%, from approximately 2.6 million to more than 4 million.

� South Carolina’s population has become increasingly urbanized, with more than 60% of the State now classified as urban. There are 10 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in South Carolina that encompass 21 of the State’s 46 counties. The combined population for these MSAs exceeds 3 million, with 75% of the State's population living within these 10 metropolitan areas.

� The number of South Carolina households, at more than 1.5 million, has grown at a faster rate than the population as a whole. This trend is the result of smaller family size with fewer children, an increase in the number of single-parent households, longevity among the elderly population, and delayed marriages. Household growth has been accompanied by a rise in the median age of State residents to 35.4 years. These demographic trends will influence outdoor recreation planning efforts in future years.

� South Carolina ranks 7th highest in the nation in the overall percentage of minority population. Caucasians and African-Americans comprise 68% and 29% of the State’s population, respectively. The racial composition of the State’s population will continue to change in the coming decades. Both the State’s Asian and Hispanic populations are projected to more than double from 1990 to 2025, representing growth rates six times higher than the South Carolina population as a whole.

� Emerging from an agrarian tradition, the State has launched the transformation of its economy into a diversified base of manufacturing, trade, services, and tourism. Tourism has evolved into a major economic asset for the Palmetto State, with South Carolina hosting

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29 million domestic visitors annually for a total of 103 million visitor days. The State hosts nearly 1 million international visitors each year, primarily from Canada and Europe.

� The economic impact of tourism in South Carolina is significant and growing, generating $16 billion in annual economic activity. The tourism and travel industry now directly and indirectly supports more than 216,000 jobs for South Carolinians and contributes $10.9 billion to the gross state product (GSP). This contribution to the GSP is anticipated to grow to $17 billion by the year 2010.

� Outdoor recreation plays an integral, yet largely untapped, role in South Carolina’s burgeoning tourist industry. More than 11 million annual visitors participate in some form of outdoor recreation during their trip. Coupled with heritage and cultural tourism, outdoor recreation offers significant economic development opportunities for all regions of the State, especially for our rural, inland communities.

Public Participation Public participation in the SCORP process was generated through multiple forums that included formal surveys, public workshops, interagency focus meetings, interviews, and web-based review of planning documents:

� South Carolina Recreational Resources Forum – In March 2005, SCPRT convened the statewide Recreational Resources Forum, bringing together State, Federal, and local agencies to explore common issues and share information related to public recreation resources, as well as explore opportunities for collaboration and partnerships.

� South Carolina Recreation Participation and Preference Study – SCPRT contracted with the University of South Carolina's Institute for Public Service and Policy Research to conduct a 2005 telephone survey of more than 2,100 State residents aged 12 and older. Respondents were asked a series of questions about their favorite recreational activities and actual participation rates for almost four dozen recreational activities over the past year.

� Participation in South Carolina State Survey – The USC Institute for Public Service and Policy Research surveyed more than 800 South Carolinians in 2007 about issues such as the role of SCPRT, the primary role of state parks, visits to state parks, state park services, and environmental protection. A previous survey conducted in 2001 also included questions related to the acquisition, prioritization and development of land for public open space and trails.

� Public Workshops – In October and November of 2007, SCPRT and the Matheny-Burns Group conducted a series of five regional public workshops held in Greenville, Columbia, North Charleston, Barnwell County, and Darlington County. News releases were distributed to media, along with direct mail or email notification to representatives of more than 275 local parks and recreation departments, councils of government, State and Federal agencies and public and private recreation interests. Participants in the regional workshops identified 60 recreational issues, which were subsequently refined into 15 major issues. An additional 15 emails were received that provided further commentary on issues, proposed actions, or other recommendations for outdoor recreation in South Carolina.

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� Interagency Focus Group Meeting – A broad representation of State, Federal, and local organizations met in November 2007 to consider implementation strategies, partnerships and resources to impact the identified outdoor recreation issues.

� Draft Plan Review – Review and comments on the draft plan were requested from agency and organization representatives, those attending the public workshops, and the general public. This review was facilitated by posting the draft plan on the SCPRT website, notifying planning participants and interested parties of its availability, and providing print copies upon request to those lacking web access.

Recreation Resources South Carolina is home to a variety of outdoor recreation resources ranging from public lands and facilities provided by Federal, State, and local governments to private facilities and properties open to the public or for exclusive use through ownership or lease. Demand for recreational opportunities continues to grow as the State’s population grows, as more residents and visitors expand interest and usage, and as residents and visitors alike seek new activities.

Public Facilities There are numerous publicly-owned recreation facilities in South Carolina ranging from national forests, national parks and state parks, to local parks and single purpose facilities such as boat access ramps. The various public facilities in the State are developed and managed by multiple agencies at different levels of government, with some recreational facilities leased from the private sector. As traditional funding sources decline and maintenance and upgrade costs for recreational facilities continue to increase, most public facilities have adopted user fees to offset operational and maintenance costs.

State Parks The South Carolina State Park Service is comprised of 48 state parks totaling more than 80,000 acres. Activities and events vary at each park but commonly include a combination of natural or historical attractions, camping, lodging, picnicking, interpretive and educational programs, swimming, fishing, boating, hiking, equestrian trails, playgrounds, biking, or community buildings. These park properties contribute to the State’s protected base of natural and historic areas, providing South Carolinians with public access to diverse outdoor experiences that are representative of the State’s rich base of natural, cultural and historic resources. Scenic Rivers Nine South Carolina river segments have been designated State Scenic Rivers to date – the Middle Saluda, Little Pee Dee (US 378 to the Greater Pee Dee River), Lower Saluda, Broad, Lynches, Ashley, Black, Great Pee Dee and Little Pee Dee (Dillon County). Several others are now considered eligible under the State Scenic River Program – the Congaree, Whitewater, Thompson, Edisto and Little Pee Dee/Lumber. South Carolina also shares most of the Chattooga National Wild and Scenic River along its northwestern border with the State of Georgia.

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State Forests The South Carolina Forestry Commission manages five state forests in South Carolina - Sand Hills in Chesterfield and Darlington Counties (46,000 acres), Harbison in Richland County (2,177 acres), Poe Creek in Pickens County (1,806 acres), Manchester in Sumter County (28,000 acres), and Wee Tee in Williamsburg and Georgetown Counties (12,439 acres). A wide and varied range of outdoor recreational activities are offered within each forest, ranging from picnicking and fishing to equestrian and all-terrain vehicle trails. Heritage Preserves The SC Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) manages 70 State Heritage Preserves totaling 81,409 acres throughout the State. These preserves range in size from 1 acre to more than 18,000 acres and represent unique natural or cultural sites. Recreational opportunities at most sites include trails and wildlife observation, with organized nature and historical outings, picnicking, and hunting opportunities provided at many of the preserves. Wildlife Management Areas The SCDNR leases a total of 820,082 acres of public and private land for designated wildlife management areas to provide game hunting opportunities for the public as part of its Wildlife Management Area (WMA) Program. The Department also manages 212,682 acres of state-owned WMA land, including some Heritage Preserves, and provides hunting opportunities on approximately 1 million acres of public and privately leased land. Trails and Greenways More than 2,800 miles of trails and greenways have been constructed and designated throughout South Carolina, with additional trails and greenways in the planning stages. These resources are managed by a variety of agencies and community-based groups and accommodate diverse land-based recreational activities including hiking, fitness walking, mountain biking, all-terrain vehicles and motorcycles, and equestrian use, as well as water activities such as canoeing, rafting and kayaking. Of particular note is the Palmetto Trail, which upon completion will link numerous existing public lands and existing trail segments to form a mountains-to-the-sea trail. Scenic Highways South Carolina currently has more than 415 miles of designated Scenic Highways. The State has three nationally designated Scenic Highways – the Cherokee Foothills National Scenic Highway in the Upstate, the Savannah River National Scenic Highway, and the Ashley River National Scenic Highway in Charleston. The USDA Forest Service also designated 14.5 miles of SC Highway 107 in Oconee County as the Oscar Wigington Scenic Byway. A 40-mile segment of the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail tour route in South Carolina is managed by the National Park Service. National Forests Two national forests encompass 630,000 acres in South Carolina. The Francis Marion National Forest and the Sumter National Forest offer a wide range of recreational opportunities – from world class whitewater rafting, kayaking and canoeing on the Chattooga National Wild and Scenic River to a myriad of Lowcountry experiences on blackwater rivers and swamps and in

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maritime forests and marshes. Recreational opportunities are diverse and include hunting (allowed on more than 600,000 of the 630,000 acres), shooting sports, white water boating, sea kayaking, freshwater and saltwater fishing, shrimping, hiking, backpacking, boat ramps, primitive camping, tent/RV camping, ATV and motorcycle riding, mountain biking, horseback riding, interpretative trails and environmental education. More than 1 million visitors use these forests each year. National Parks South Carolina is home to several nationally-significant park, monument, military, battlefield and historic sites. Congaree National Park is the largest of these sites at more than 22,000 acres and preserves the largest tract of old-growth bottomland hardwood forest remaining in the United States. The Park was the 57th national park designated nationwide and is the only national park in the State. The Park offers hiking trails, a boardwalk trail, wilderness canoe trail, and areas for group and primitive camping and fishing. Other national park sites preserve and/or interpret sites from the Revolutionary and Civil Wars. Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie National Monuments in Charleston County are two of the most visited National Park Service properties in the State. Other historic sites include Kings Mountain National Military Park in York and Cherokee Counties, Cowpens National Battlefield in Cherokee County, Charles Pinckney National Historic Site (home site of a signer of the Declaration of Independence) in Charleston County, and Ninety Six National Historic Site in Greenwood County. These national park sites offer opportunities to explore the history of the nation through historic buildings, documentaries, displays, trails, and tours.

National Wildlife Refuges There are eight national wildlife refuges in South Carolina – Waccamaw, ACE Basin Refuge, Savannah, Pinckney Island, Cape Romain, Santee, Carolina Sand Hills and Tybee. The refuges total more than 173,000 acres and provide diverse recreational opportunities including nature drives, wildlife observation, walking, bicycling, photography blinds, interpretive displays, hiking trails, picnic facilities, fishing, canoeing/kayaking, hunting, and environmental education. US Army Corps of Engineers Facilities The US Army Corps of Engineers manages 325,000 acres of land and water along the Savannah River. The three lake projects – Hartwell Lake, Richard B. Russell Lake, and J. Strom Thurmond Lake – are among the largest Corps projects in the country. Visitors to all three lakes enjoy a wide range of recreational activities including water sports, hunting, hiking, picnicking, camping, boat ramps and fishing. Local and Other Resources Local governments in South Carolina maintain significant park areas and facilities. Locally-provided facilities include more than 1,368 athletic fields; 187 community centers; 55 swimming pools; 591 playgrounds; 780 tennis courts; 456 outdoor and 124 indoor basketball courts; 396 picnic shelters; 118 tracks for walking, jogging, and running; 368 trails for walking, biking, hiking, horseback riding, and ATVs; and 41 water trails for canoeing and kayaking. Museums, art exhibits, and other cultural facilities are also provided by organizations including the SC Arts Commission, the SC Department of Archives and History, Patriots Point

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Development Authority, the SC Museum Commission, the SC State Library, and various local governmental, institutional, non-profit, and private organizations.

Grant Resources Traditional Federal funding sources for outdoor recreation have continued at level-funding or in some cases, have declined. However, the State offers several grant opportunities to support recreation initiatives, most of which are administered through SCPRT.

� Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) – LWCF is a federally-funded grant program administered by SCPRT for the acquisition and development of outdoor recreation areas by local or state agencies.

� Recreation Land Trust Fund (RELT) – Administered through SCPRT, RELT funds are available to local governmental entities for the acquisition of land for public recreation purposes.

� Recreational Trails Program (RTP) – RTP is a federally-funded grant program available to state, federal and local government agencies or qualified private organizations for the purpose of building or improving trails.

� Parks and Recreation Development Fund (PARD) – PARD is a state-funded, non-competitive reimbursable grant program for eligible local governments or special purpose districts which provide recreational opportunities within each county.

� Tourism Partnership Program (TPP) – TPP provides grants to local governmental entities, destination marketing organizations, public sector organizations and other non-profit groups to support efforts to attract visitors and encourage visitor spending.

� Heritage Corridor Development Grants – Grants are available to communities and non-profit organizations located within the 14-county SC National Heritage Corridor to develop, implement and maintain a successful heritage tourism attraction program that benefits and attracts visitors to the area.

Additional opportunities are available through the SC Department of Archives and History and the SC Department of Transportation.

� Historic Preservation Grant Program – Through funding provided by the US Department of Interior’s National Park Service, the SC Department of Archives and History administers the State’s Historic Preservation Grant Program to support stabilization and weatherization projects within the State’s 25 Certified Local Governments.

� Transportation Enhancement Program Grants – SCDOT allocates Federal SAFETEA-LU funds under the Transportation Enhancement Program to allow local governments the opportunity to construct non-traditional transportation facilities to accommodate activities such as bicycle and pedestrian facilities, streetscapes, scenic and landscaping programs, and historic preservation.

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Private Facilities Private recreation facilities for public use are available in many forms, including baseball/softball fields provided by companies or civic groups; swimming, fishing and picnic areas provided by utilities; and campgrounds, marinas, golf courses, historic sites, and state-leased hunting lands. In addition, private non-profit land trusts have been created throughout the State in response to growing development pressures. These organizations are increasingly active in the protection of natural and cultural resources through the permanent protection of properties through land donation or purchase, or conservation easements.

Other Resources South Carolina is blessed with a wealth of natural resources which have special attraction for outdoor recreation. Rivers, wetlands and historic and culturally significant sites contribute to the State’s rich recreation environment. Though seriously impacted by recent drought conditions, South Carolina’s rivers have historically been abundant and accessible, providing a myriad of recreational opportunities for residents throughout the State. Most notable among these river resources are the Chattooga National Wild and Scenic River and the nine designated State Scenic Rivers. Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, comparable to rain forests and coral reefs. South Carolina’s 4.6 million acres of wetlands are important to outdoor recreation because they support fishing, shellfishing, hunting, boating, wildlife observation and photography, nature study, swimming, camping, hiking, historic sites, and walking for pleasure. Plants and wildlife are abundant and many endangered, rare, or uncommon species exist in these areas. Unfortunately, the US Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that South Carolina wetland areas decreased by 27% during the last century, resulting in a loss of more than 1.75 million acres of wetlands. South Carolina has a wealth of historic and culturally significant places. The State has 1,365 listings, including 163 historic districts, in the National Register of Historic Places. These listings include buildings, structures, and sites ranging from Native American campgrounds dating to 8,000 BC to sites associated with the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s; from grand mansions to modest farmhouses; and from upcountry textile mill villages to Pee Dee railroad towns and Lowcountry rice fields.

Land Acquisition and Protection Land protection and acquisition is a critical issue for outdoor recreation in South Carolina. Virtually all outdoor recreational pursuits require or are enhanced by the amount and quality of protected land available to the public. Three programs are currently available at the State level to support land protection efforts:

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� Recreation Land Trust Fund (RELT) – Approximately $358,000 in annual RELT funds are shared by local recreation departments and state agencies, with approximately $100,000 of these annual funds reserved for state park land purchases.

� Heritage Land Trust Fund (HLTF) – The HLTF is used to acquire and manage significant natural and cultural resources and is funded primarily through the allocation of a small percentage of the Real Estate Documentation Stamp Tax fee. Program funding rose steadily from FY 2002 to FY 2006 due to the State’s booming real estate market, but dropped by more than half a million dollars in FY 2007 when the real estate market began to slow.

� Conservation Land Bank – The Land Bank was established in the 2002 Conservation Bank

Act to fund the purchase of significant conservation or recreational land as well as protective easements. Since actual funding began in July 2004, the Conservation Bank has provided more than $70 million to conserve more than 134,000 acres, including more than 124,000 acres of forestlands and wetlands. The Bank is primarily funded by a percentage of the Real Estate Transfer Fee, generating average annual revenues of more than $18 million. In the FY 2007-08 State budget, the Conservation Bank received a non-recurring additional appropriation of $5 million.

An assessment of South Carolina’s relative position in preserving significant lands warrants concern, with the State ranking 5th nationally in urban sprawl. A study conducted by the USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service estimated that nearly 200,000 acres of the State’s farmland was lost to urban uses from 1987 to 1997. South Carolina ranked 21st among the 50 states in the amount of park land statewide in 1998 and by 2006, the State had dropped to 33rd. While South Carolina as a whole lags behind its neighbors in land protection efforts, some local jurisdictions mirror promising national trends for land conservation. The growth of private land trusts and local government conservation programs is an encouraging trend that will grow in effectiveness with broad support from the general public. In the 2001 State Survey conducted by USC’s Survey Research Laboratory, respondents viewed growth management as one of the most important problems facing the State, ranking higher than taxes, crime, and transportation and second only to education. In the State’s more urban areas that are experiencing rapid development the issue of growth ranked first, ahead of education. Survey respondents also indicated a willingness to pay more taxes for land protection – 69% supported the use of tax funds to buy land for parks, 60% to purchase environmentally sensitive areas, and 51% to protect greenbelts. The land protection and conservation programs which appear to be most effective are those based in counties experiencing rapid growth, which have sensitive natural areas, and benefit from a stronger economic base, such as Beaufort and Charleston Counties. The loss of land from its natural state in some of these areas has prompted successful initiatives for public funding. Land protection and acquisition efforts will be strengthened through continued support and a funding commitment for the State’s Conservation Land Bank, coupled with legislation that

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actively encourages and promotes local government and private sector land conservation and removes existing constraints on the ability of local governments to fund such programs.

Assessment of Demand Mirroring the State’s population growth, the demand for new, updated and expanded recreational facilities continues to increase. However, funding remains very limited and recreational expenditures must be prioritized. To determine current and long-range outdoor recreational demand and needs in South Carolina, SCPRT launched a comprehensive needs assessment process that involved the review of up-to-date demographic and economic data, surveys of residents, a series of public meetings, interagency meetings, and a review of state and national trends in outdoor recreation. An in-depth review of the latest Census data revealed a changing population that is aging, more racially and ethnically diverse, employed in more diverse occupational sectors, and living in increasingly urbanized communities. A formal telephone survey of State residents was conducted to assess recreational participation and preference. The usage and needs of out-of-state visitors and special populations were also examined. State and national trends in outdoor recreation were reviewed and major outdoor recreation issues in South Carolina were identified through a series of regional public workshops. Issues of national concern were also considered through interagency meetings and focused research.

Recreation Participation and Preference As part of its continuing efforts to meet the recreational needs of South Carolinians, SCPRT periodically conducts surveys of the general public to determine the extent to which the State’s residents participate in a variety of recreational activities, as well as their preferences for such activities. The most recent survey was conducted in 2005 by the University of South Carolina's Institute for Public Service and Policy Research. The data also provides comparisons with the results from the 1990, 1994 and 1999 surveys. The general conclusion from the latest survey data is that participation by State residents in recreational activities has remained quite stable over the past 15 years. With only minor variations in rank and order, the same set of activities appear in the top eleven positions in 1990, 1994, 1999 and 2005. Walking for pleasure or exercise remains the activity in which the largest percentage of State residents (83.2%) participate, followed by attending outdoor sporting events, beach swimming or sunbathing, driving for pleasure, and working out with weights or exercise machines. Approximately half of those interviewed reported participation in picnicking, swimming in a pool, or visiting historic sites. Nearly 43% of respondents had been bicycling and nearly 40% visited a museum or went freshwater fishing. Participation rates for other activities varied from nearly 35% for visiting an unusual natural feature to slightly over 1% for playing in-line hockey. When the frequency of participation is considered, walking for pleasure or exercise remains the activity with the highest level of participation, followed by working out with weights or exercise machines, driving for pleasure, jogging or running, bird watching, bicycling, and watching wildlife. Although the overall percentage of participation may have decreased,

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several activities such as playing baseball, softball or tennis have posted increases in the number of times participated. In addition, more than 80% of participation in day-to-day recreational activities including playing football, baseball, tennis, soccer, softball, bicycling, and playing golf occurs in the region closest to the respondents’ homes. In general, persons in younger age groups exhibit higher participation levels in recreational activities, particularly true in vigorous physical activities such as jogging or running, playing basketball, football, soccer, or volleyball, or working out with weights or exercise machines. However, there are activities for which those in the middle age categories are more likely to participate and one activity – bird watching – for which persons age 65 and older show the highest level of participation. While men are more likely than women to participate in traditional outdoor sports such as fresh and saltwater fishing, hunting, shellfishing and shrimping, other shooting sports, and hunting dog field trials, women are generally more likely to engage in more passive leisure-time activities, such as visiting a zoo, museum, or historical site; picnicking; bird watching; and walking for pleasure or on a guided nature trail. Participation and preference differences by respondent’s family income were also significant for a number of recreational activities. The general tendency is for South Carolinians from higher income families to participate in the surveyed recreational activities at a higher rate than persons with lower incomes. Data also demonstrated differing participation levels for a number of these activities between the races, with whites more likely to participate in water sports and traditional outdoor recreational activities such as camping, hiking, hunting, other shooting sports, and participating in hunting dog field trials. The participation of blacks was higher in active sports including basketball, football, volleyball, and softball; bicycling; jogging or running; and working out with weights or exercise machines. The percentage of South Carolinians who feel the State has adequate outdoor recreation or leisure-time facilities and activities has increased steadily, from 59.8% in 1994 to 61.3% in 1999 and to 63.5% in 2005. Residents noted that a wide range of facilities and activities are needed, with parks mentioned most frequently as a recreational need, followed by swimming facilities, activities for youth, basketball facilities, bicycle paths and playgrounds. Moreover, a common concern that continues to surface in the survey data is the need to provide recreational opportunities for young people, with activities for youth and facilities for youth often mentioned as the State’s greatest recreational need.

Special Populations Meeting the recreational needs of all individuals is a particular challenge. Consideration must be given to those who may experience barriers to accessing recreational facilities or programs for a variety of reasons such as financial, cultural, geographic, and physical. It is recognized that the needs of these special populations extend well beyond recreation and that recreation providers must work closely with other public and private service providers in the transportation, community health, human services, and planning sectors to coordinate efforts to meet the diverse needs of these population groups.

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South Carolina ranks the 7th highest in the nation – behind the District of Columbia and the states of Hawaii, Mississippi, Maryland, Louisiana and Georgia – in the overall percentage of minority population. However, the racial composition of the State’s minority population is shifting significantly. Census data shows that South Carolina’s foreign-born population grew more rapidly (a 47% increase) from 2000 to 2005 than any other state in the nation. For many minorities, access to recreational opportunities heavily depends on individual proximity to existing facilities and programs, available transportation, and costs to participate. Mirroring national trends, South Carolina's older population is increasing. In 1960, only 6.3% of the State's population was 65 and over. This segment of the population had grown to 12.1% by 2000. More recent State estimates identified 598,550 South Carolinians aged 65 and older in 2005, comprising 14.1% of the State’s total population. Census projections indicate older adults will comprise more than one-fifth of the State's population by the year 2030. More than half of the over 65 group (51.3%) are females. To better accommodate the recreational needs of older individuals, recreation providers must consider the different limitations faced by the older adult population when developing and promoting programs and facilities. Disabilities can include a wide range of conditions – physical limitations, mental illness, and serious medical conditions. Included are persons with mental retardation, autism, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury and similar disabilities. More than one out of ten South Carolinians aged 5 and over are disabled. This equates to 12% or 810,857 State residents. Adults aged 65 and older comprise nearly 46%, or 213,448 persons, and have the highest percentage of disabled persons. The recreational needs of persons with disabilities vary greatly by type of disability. Close attention must be paid to ADA requirements in providing accessibility for the disabled. Additional efforts could be made to promote and publicize available programs and facilities. In addition, the needs of individuals with temporary conditions such as those with sprains or fractures, pregnant women, and children in strollers should be considered. More than 14%, or 547,869 South Carolinians, live below poverty. However, a closer look at poverty statistics reveals that nearly 19% of the State’s children and almost 14% of its elderly residents live below poverty. Economically disadvantaged individuals face many obstacles in meeting their recreational needs. These obstacles include the lack of transportation to existing recreational facilities and programs, the inability to pay user fees (particularly private fees) and purchase specialized equipment or uniforms, and the lack of information about available facilities and programs. User fees for recreation must be weighed carefully and maintained at the lowest levels possible, especially for public facilities. Additionally, information about low-cost recreational programs and facilities can be targeted to disadvantaged residents to increase awareness of and participation in available opportunities.

Outdoor Recreation Trends Outdoor recreation is receiving increased attention across multiple disciplines as our communities, our nation, and the world experience rapid growth and development that concurrently pose new opportunities and daunting challenges to keep pace with recreational demand while preserving significant resources. Substantial population growth, combined with

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the changing demographic composition of Americans in terms of ethnicity, race, household composition, and age have been noted as primary factors impacting recreation trends. USDA Forest Service research and data from its 2000-2001 National Survey on Recreation and

the Environment indicate that outdoor recreation continues to grow in popularity nationwide, with 97% of Americans aged 16 or older reporting participation to some extent in outdoor recreation during any given year. The most favored recreational activities of the 1990s have remained popular in more recent studies, with walking for pleasure and family gatherings retaining the top two spots in the most recent ranking. Participation in kayaking and motorized recreational activities such as jetskiing and driving off-road grew substantially since the previous survey conducted in 1994. A number of issues have been identified that will impact the future of outdoor recreation at both the national and local levels. USDA staff emphasized several trends of note, including:

� Public properties and providers will be tasked with accommodating most of the future growth in recreation demands.

� Restoration and management of ecosystems and recreation are high priorities for Federal properties, but lack of adequate funding will be a barrier in meeting these priorities.

� State lands, especially state parks, are reaching maturity and will require investments in facilities maintenance and upgrade. Many of these parks will also experience the pressures of growing usage of existing limited facilities and acreage.

� Private landowners are continuing to close more land to public or leased access for recreational activity. Private lands are also being developed around many public sites, preventing the potential for public acquisition and expansion of existing public parks and lands.

� Increasing demands for activities such as climbing, off-road vehicle use, hiking, horseback riding, motorized vehicle use, wildlife viewing, and tourism services will contribute to more competition and conflicts on public and private properties.

� A broad spectrum of recreational activities are likely to experience increased conflict as demands grow for water access, trails, backcountry, developed sites, and roads.

� Traditional and non-mechanized recreational user groups often perceive much more conflict than newer non-traditional and mechanized user groups.

Building on earlier research and national assessments of demand and supply trends in outdoor recreation, USDA program staff also noted additional general recreation characteristics and trends that will shape recreational planning and policy in the coming years:

� Wilderness benefits are expanding.

� The outdoor recreation market will to continue to grow.

� Access to the private land base for recreation continues to decline.

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� Demand for nearby recreation resources is increasing.

� Recreational resource development has not been equal across regions or settings. There are also new sports, advances in equipment and technology, and alternative ways of participating in existing sports that are changing the way people recreate. Some newer activities are attracting increased participation among women, youth, minorities, and other non-traditional groups. However, many new activities also pose conflicts with other recreation users. Emerging, growing and evolving recreational activities include:

� Mountain biking – on rough terrain rather than streets or paths � Off-road vehicles – all-terrain vehicles, motorcycles, and full-size vehicles � Backcountry usage – new gear, cell phones, GPS units � Skate-boarding – new equipment, ramps and parks, tricks and high risk activities � Sporting clays – clay target shooting on a course simulating hunting experiences and

hunting preserves � Hunting preserves – guided hunts on private land, often with pen-raised game � Jet skis – personal watercraft powered by water jets rather than propellers � Bass fishing – special boats and other gear, tournaments, clubs � Fly fishing – renewed interest, classes, freshwater and saltwater � Kayaking – whitewater or touring, fishing opportunities � Rowing – team and individual competition, winter training opportunities in warmer

climates � Personal exercise equipment – used at home or office � Private gyms – workout clubs, indoor pools, and other indoor activities � Geo-caching – a techno-sport using global positioning satellites (GPS) and hand-held

systems to locate specific “finds” in state, local and national parks and forests � Field Sports – soccer, lacrosse, disc golf, ultimate Frisbee � Dog parks – opportunities for “off leash” exercise, training, agility, obedience,

conformation � Water parks and spray facilities

The growing emphasis and interest in heritage and nature-based tourism continues to hold economic promise for many communities in South Carolina. The Palmetto State has a rich cultural history and natural resource base, much of which remains untapped and unprotected. Rural communities with attractive cultural, scenic and historical resources are among the fastest growing heritage tourism destinations. The numerous smaller towns and communities throughout the State stand to benefit from continued development of the regional heritage and nature-based tourism markets. The recognition of the State’s heritage tourism resources as an economic resource and as a catalyst for community revitalization is paramount in the creation of a sustainable economy for the State and its distinct regions. However, careful assessment, coordination and planning, coupled with adequate funding resources, are integral to preserving the State’s cultural heritage and abundant natural resources and to fostering a climate for further tourism and outdoor recreation growth.

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Issue Identification and Prioritization In order to identify the most important recreational issues to the general public, SCPRT and the Matheny-Burns Group worked with local providers and user groups in a series of five regional workshops held across the State. More than 275 organizations with recreational interests were notified and encouraged to involve their members and allied organizations. Nearly 70 representatives participated in the regional workshops, in which participants identified 60 recreational needs and concerns. These recommendations were subsequently refined into 15 major issues following completion of all the workshops and the receipt of additional written and electronic correspondence that provided further comments, proposed actions, or other recommendations for outdoor recreation in South Carolina. An interagency focus group meeting contributed additional insight into emerging issues, priorities, resources and funding trends, and evolving missions relative to outdoor recreation. Issues of broader concern were also considered by examining the work of national groups who have recommended actions on a number of recreational matters. The 15 priority issues that emerged from this extensive planning process are: Issue 1: Increase funding for outdoor recreation facilities and programs, to include increased

grant opportunities, exploring privatization and/or leveraging public-private partnerships for appropriate activities and facilities, seeking private sponsorships, and fostering increased volunteer involvement to augment staff and reduce operational costs.

Issue 2: Increase funding for locally-based recreation facilities and programs, particularly in rural communities, to reduce the need for travel, relieve crowding at major facilities, and enhance recreational access for persons with mobility or financial limitations.

Issue 3: Create an expanded network of trails that are well-designed and well-managed, are available to many, and provide appropriate facilities for:

- Equestrians - Boating, including canoeing, kayaking and rowing - Walkers, hikers, backpackers, and bikers in both urban and rural settings - Historic trails (Revolutionary War, railroad, etc.) - General use trails

Issue 4: Provide adequate support facilities for all trails including:

- Trailheads, including signage, parking and restrooms - Potable water for people and livestock - Parking for longer campers and horse trailers where appropriate - Water and electrical hookups at non-primitive camp sites - Additional secluded primitive campsites - Bathhouses, where appropriate - Trash collection - Safety improvements (scheduled water releases, warning devices, call boxes, parking improvements, etc.)

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Issue 5: Provide additional education, outreach and promotion of available outdoor recreation opportunities statewide – including recreational facilities, educational programs, trails for all types of uses, and camping facilities – with a particular emphasis on reaching minorities, K-12 students and educators, lower income residents, and persons with disabilities.

Issue 6: Promote increased collaboration between recreational facility managers and teachers on formal and informal outdoor education opportunities.

Issue 7: Provide or improve outdoor recreation facilities to enable greater accessibility and use by multiple age groups and persons with disabilities.

Issue 8: Minimize conflicts between outdoor recreational activities that are not compatible through education, regulation, and careful planning of new or expanded facilities and programs.

Issue 9: Provide and properly maintain adequate facilities for and access to a diverse range of outdoor recreation activities, from traditionally popular activities such as boating and hunting to emerging activities such as rowing, rock climbing, disc golf, and dog parks.

Issue 10: Require and/or encourage the provision of connectivity between trails, outdoor recreation facilities, open space and residential development on all levels – local, regional and statewide.

Issue 11: Create and encourage partnerships among government and non-profit agencies at all levels to ensure coordination, reduce redundancies, provide training and technical assistance, and leverage resources to enable additional outdoor recreation opportunities.

Issue 12: Encourage small business and eco-tourism opportunities to enhance local economic development and to fill unmet outdoor recreational needs.

Issue 13: Protect and acquire significant lands for natural and cultural resources and identify opportunities for allowing public outdoor recreational use.

Issue 14: Protect shorelines (rivers, lakes, and beaches) and dedicate more waterfront lands for public recreational use and access.

Issue 15: Promote green technologies and energy conservation techniques in the planning, design, construction and operation of outdoor recreation facilities to reduce costs and conserve natural resources.

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Issues of National Concern Many recreational issues of national concern have surfaced over the last few years as communities, non-profits, the private sector, and individuals have joined recreational and natural resource providers in recognizing the growing importance of recreational opportunity to overall quality of life and community sustainability. Similarities and common themes on recreation and related issues are found throughout the recommendations of diverse groups such as the 2007 Regional and National Recreation Forums convened by the American Recreation Coalition and the National Forest Foundation, the Healthy People 2010 initiative, and studies conducted by the American Planning Association, the National Association of City and County Health Officials and the National Park Service. Current recreational issues of national concern include:

� Stable funding, as provided through mechanisms such as dedicated trust funds and user fees, is needed to continue to meet the recreational and natural resources needs of the American people.

� Adequate operational funds must be provided to maintain, update and expand existing recreation resources and new facilities added due to increased demand and population growth.

� America’s outdoor recreation facilities, including trail and forest systems, are in need of significant repair and enhancement; however, sufficient funding has not been made available.

� Lack of outreach and education about the myriad of diverse outdoor recreation opportunities available continues to be a major barrier to outdoor recreation participation.

� Accommodating future outdoor recreation demands will increasingly fall on public properties and providers as private landowners close land to public access.

� As America’s youth are increasingly drawn to activities other than outdoor recreation such as the internet and expanding audio/video options, creative ways to boost outdoor recreation and physical activity among this sector of the population should be explored.

� Shrinking Federal and state funds allocated for recreation-related projects and programs will necessitate the creation of outdoor recreation partnerships and collaborations among all levels of government, non-profits, volunteers, private recreation providers, and other non-traditional recreation interests to seek alternative funding sources and leverage existing funds.

� Outdoor recreation opportunities are limited for residents of highly urbanized areas, minorities, persons with disabilities, and persons of limited means.

� Different strategies must be developed to meet the outdoor recreation needs of all parts of society.

� Increased participation in and demand for a broad spectrum of outdoor activities such as climbing, motorized and off-road vehicle use, hiking, horseback riding, water sports and

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wildlife viewing is likely to create competition and conflicts for the use of public and private properties.

� Demand for nearby recreation resources is increasing as the nation becomes increasingly urbanized, fuel prices climb, and security concerns related to travel increase.

� The benefits of outdoor recreation and physical activity to public health and well being are widely recognized and have begun to impact public policy.

� A national system of parks, greenways, trails, scenic corridors, and recreation areas will contribute to the health and quality of life of individuals and communities, create jobs and economic benefits, conserve natural habitat and cultural resources, improve existing resources, and meet the changing recreational needs of the American people.

Shared issues that transcend state and agency boundaries will affect the quantity and quality of outdoor recreation opportunities in communities throughout the country and include: Federal funding for resource expansion and operations; environmental concerns; public and private sector coordination and collaboration to provide recreational access; increasing demand and competition; increased emphasis on encouraging physical activity within all age groups; and on-going education and outreach efforts.

Implementation Program The SCORP Implementation Program for outdoor recreation in South Carolina represents the five-year planning period from 2008 through 2013. Individual agencies and organizations will develop detailed plans for the identified strategies based on their respective missions, priorities, and available resources. The needs and recommendations addressed in the 2008 SCORP Implementation Program were developed through meetings and discussions with numerous Federal, State, and local agencies and organizations whose involvement is considered integral to successful implementation of the SCORP. The Implementation Program serves as a general blueprint for guiding outdoor recreation initiatives in South Carolina over the next five years. It is important to recognize that additional windows of opportunity will likely open within the five-year plan period to address outdoor recreational needs. Although these new opportunities may not be specifically identified in this Plan, they should be incorporated as available into efforts to address future needs and advance the major plan implementation recommendations. Of particular benefit are opportunities that generate interagency and public-private collaboration and that maximize resources through partnerships, cost-sharing agreements, grant opportunities, volunteer involvement, or other major cost-saving measures. The Implementation Program identifies future outdoor recreation needs, as well as establishes specific implementation strategies and responsibilities to achieve plan goals in the coming five years.

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Future Needs Outdoor recreation policy and planning in South Carolina will be guided by the following general principles for the next five years:

� Take action on the major recreation issues identified by the general public.

� Address the continued transition of traditional funding streams and identify alternative funding sources and resource development opportunities with an increased emphasis on interagency collaboration and public-private partnerships to maximize limited resources.

� Base acquisition and development decisions on the findings of participation and preference studies within the context of the significant identified issues.

� Seek and pursue windows of opportunity such as cost-sharing, partnerships, land donations, bargain sales, and perpetual easements when possible.

� Incorporate related needs and strategies from other agency and organization planning processes and implement recommendations from other existing studies and plans.

� Encourage Federal action on issues of national concern. Realization of the SCORP goals and implementation strategies will be shaped by these general guidelines, as well as impacted by a myriad of environmental challenges and opportunities. These external trends include: the continued transition and decline of traditional funding streams and the need to identify alternative funding sources and resource development strategies; an increased emphasis on interagency collaboration, public-private partnerships, and volunteer involvement to maximize limited resources; and continued population growth and development in South Carolina that is accompanied by an increased demand for expanded recreational opportunities, additional demand on existing recreational resources, and growing development pressure on existing and potential natural and cultural resources.

Recommendations State and local agencies as well as non-profit and private organizations plan to accomplish a wide range of actions that will address the fifteen priority implementation issues identified during the 2008 SCORP planning process. A detailed listing of 129 ambitious, yet attainable planned implementation strategies is provided in Part VIII of the 2008 SCORP.

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PART I. INTRODUCTION

The 2008 State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) is South Carolina’s official outdoor recreation plan. As such, this five-year plan serves as a guide to various Federal, State and local governmental agencies and the private sector entities involved in recreation and natural resources planning and development. The purpose of the Plan is to consider outdoor recreation issues relating to the needs of both residents and visitors to South Carolina, examine the State's recreational resources, analyze demand for recreational opportunities, develop an implementation program to address the identified needs and issues, identify funding opportunities, and identify issues of national importance. The Plan provides an opportunity for a variety of agencies and organizations to communicate upcoming projects, leverage limited resources, and coordinate activities. The SCORP is used as a guide for distribution of State recreation grant funds such as the Recreation Land Trust (RELT) Fund and the Parks and

Recreation and Development (PARD) Fund. The SCORP meets the National Park Service requirements for a state plan and serves as the planning document for the disbursement of South Carolina's share of the Federal Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) which is administered by the National Park Service of the US Department of the Interior. It is also used as a guide for the distribution of the Federal Recreational Trails Program Fund and by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the USDA Forest Service, the SC Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, the SC Department of Natural Resources, and other State, regional and local agencies and organizations to identify recreation use and needs concerning resources under their purview.

The South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism (SCPRT) is the designated agency responsible for outdoor recreation planning in the State. The South Carolina General Assembly created the SCPRT in 1967 and reaffirmed its role in 1993:

� To promote the State's tourist attractions;

� To promote the general health and welfare of South Carolinians by developing and expanding recreational areas;

� To develop a coordinated plan which best utilizes the State's facilities and resources such as the natural scenery, outdoor sports, and recreational activities;

� To provide for the preservation and perpetuation of the Palmetto State's rich historical heritage;

� To lease or convey lands to local governments for parks and recreation facilities; and

� To study the State's park and outdoor recreational resources and facilities, the current and projected needs for these resources, and the extent to which these needs are being met.

The SCPRT is also charged with promoting economic diversity in all areas of the Palmetto State by extending the full benefits of tourism and recreation.

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PART II. STATE PROFILE

Located in the Southeastern United States, the State of South Carolina is in the heart of a region that is experiencing unprecedented growth. An overview of the State’s geographic, population, and economic development trends provides a glimpse into the challenges and opportunities faced by South Carolinians as we work to accommodate growth while preserving and enhancing our State’s quality of life. These trends have a profound affect on recreation and tourism resources and help define the direction and focus of outdoor recreation planning in the Palmetto State.

A. GEOGRAPHIC PROFILE South Carolina’s diverse geography and wealth of natural resources play an integral role in shaping the State’s growth patterns and its appeal as a recreational and tourist destination. South Carolina ranks 40th in size among the fifty states at 32,007 square miles. Of this total, land area comprises more than 30,111 square miles, or 94%, with the remaining 1,896 square miles, or 6%, consisting of water. The State offers a full range of topographic features – from the mountains and foothills of the southern Blue Ridge, to the rolling Piedmont, Sandhills, and broad Coastal Plains, and to the coastal barrier islands and expansive beaches on the Atlantic Ocean. South Carolina is comprised of three physiographic provinces – the Blue Ridge, Piedmont and Coastal Plain. The Blue Ridge Mountains cover an area of approximately 500 square miles in the northwestern corner of the State. The highest point in the State is Sassafras Mountain in Pickens County, with an elevation of 3,548 feet above sea level. As a transitional zone between the Appalachian Mountains and the Atlantic Coastal Plain, the Piedmont region roughly spans the area between Greenville and Columbia. The Piedmont is separated from the Coastal Plain by the fall line – the boundary where the upland terrain gives way to less rocky, softer soil conditions – that generally runs diagonally across the middle of the State through the Capital City of Columbia. The Coastal Plain extends over approximately two-thirds of the State, from the fall line to the Atlantic. This region is commonly referred to as the Lowcountry. The overall mean elevation of the State is estimated at 350 feet above sea level. Climate also influences the quality and accessibility of outdoor recreational activities in South Carolina. Nestled between the Atlantic Ocean and the Blue Ridge Mountains, the State enjoys relatively favorable weather conditions. The State’s climate offers long summers and mild winters providing year-round recreational opportunities. The Appalachian Mountains that form the northwestern border contribute to a temperate climate. Their proximity blocks much of the cold air from the northwest, resulting in mild winters. However, their presence also creates a notable area of decreased rainfall in the middle portion of the State. The average temperature in the middle of the State ranges from 32ºF to 55ºF in January and between 70ºF and 92ºF in July. The average temperature statewide is 65ºF. South Carolina benefits from an abundant supply of water in the form of lakes, streams, rivers, wetlands and aquifers. This water supply has contributed to the development and growth of the State’s economy, particularly its tourism industry. The State's water resources are presently ample and still reasonably clean and fresh. The primary sources for water in the State are

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precipitation and stream flow from adjacent states. There are 11,000 miles of permanently flowing rivers and streams, nearly one-half mile for every square mile of land surface. The four major river basins in South Carolina are: the ACE River Basin with sub-basins consisting of the Ashepoo, Combahee and Edisto Rivers; the Pee Dee River Basin with sub-basins consisting of the Black, Little Pee Dee, Lynches, Great Pee Dee and Waccamaw Rivers; the Santee River Basin with sub-basins consisting of the Cooper, Santee, Congaree, Saluda, Broad, Wateree and Catawba Rivers; and the Savannah River Basin which spans portions of South Carolina, Georgia and North Carolina (Figure 1).

Figure 1. South Carolina Surface Water

Rainfall impacts the condition and supply of the State’s water resources and is usually abundant and distributed relatively evenly throughout the year. The annual rainfall ranges from 30 to 75 inches, and averages 45 inches. The heaviest rainfall occurs in the northwestern portion of the State in the Mountains and Foothills, while the Midlands area is the driest. The Coastal Plain receives higher levels of rainfall due to the influence of the Atlantic. However, periods of drought are not uncommon and can influence natural and outdoor recreational resources. A one-in-four probability of drought is projected for somewhere in the State at any given time. Droughts are naturally-occurring events that can seriously impact agriculture, drop water bodies to record low levels, damage forestry resources, drastically lower shallow and deep ground water resources, threaten public drinking water supplies, and endanger water quality. More recent

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droughts have included a severe drought period from June 1998 to August 2002 – in which statewide precipitation fell below normal for 41 out of 51 months. The State has also been under a moderate drought declaration since June 2007 that was updated to severe by September 2007. Man-made controls such as dams have significantly influenced stream-flow and recreational opportunity in several regions of the State. There are 1,617 lakes larger than 10 acres scattered throughout South Carolina. According to the Inventory of Lakes in South Carolina, these lakes cover more than 521,737 acres and impound in excess of 15 million acre-feet of water. Of these, 19 reservoirs larger than 1,000 acres account for more than 461,400 acres of surface water (Table 1). Power production was the primary reason for constructing 15 of these large reservoirs. However, recreation is a principle use of most of the State's lakes. The major lakes include: Lakes Jocassee, Keowee, Hartwell, Richard B. Russell, and Strom Thurmond (formerly Clarks Hill) on the Savannah River; Lakes Greenwood and Murray on the Saluda River; Monticello and Parr Reservoirs on the Broad River; Lakes Wylie and Wateree and Fishing Creek Reservoir on the Catawba and Wateree Rivers; Lakes Marion and Moultrie on the Santee and Cooper Rivers; and Lake Robinson on Black Creek (see Table 1).

Table 1. Major Reservoirs in South Carolina

Lake Owner Surface Area (Acres) Lake Marion SC Public Service Authority 110,600

Lake Thurmond US Army Corps of Engineers 70,000

Lake Hartwell US Army Corps of Engineers 56,000

Lake Moultrie SC Public Service Authority 60,400

Lake Russell US Army Corps of Engineers 26,650

Lake Murray SC Electric & Gas Company 51,000

Lake Keowee Duke Power Company 18,372

Lake Wateree Duke Power Company 13,710

Lake Wylie/Lake Catawba Duke Power Company 12,455

Lake Greenwood Greenwood County/Duke Power 11,400

Lake Jocassee Duke Power Company 7,565

Monticello Reservoir SC Electric & Gas Company 6,800

Fishing Creek Reservoir Duke Power Company 3,370

Lake Robinson Carolina Power & Light 2,250

Parr Reservoir SC Electric & Gas Company 4,400

Par Pond Savannah River Site/USDOE 2,700

Lake Bowen Spartanburg Water Works 1,600

North Saluda Reservoir Greenville Water Works 1,080

L-Lake Savannah River Site/USDOE 1,050 Source: Inventory of Lakes in SC, SC Water Resources Commission, Report Number 171, 1991.

Nearly one-fourth of South Carolina’s land surface, or 4.5 million acres, is considered wetlands. Wetlands are a vital natural resource – providing a natural filtration system for sediment and pollution and serving as habitat for numerous species. Only four other states have a higher percentage of wetlands than South Carolina – Alaska, Florida, Louisiana and Maine. South Carolina’s wetlands comprise nearly 12% of the total wetland area of the southeastern United States. Of the State’s wetlands, 90% are freshwater and 10% consist of saltwater or brackish marshland. Freshwater wetlands occur throughout the State and include freshwater marshes,

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forested wetlands (primarily cypress-tupelo swamps and bottomland hardwood forests), and isolated wetlands (Carolina bays, pocosins, potholes, mountain bogs, and sinkholes). South Carolinians and tourists to the State enjoy 190 miles of coastline. The coastal beaches are the State’s greatest single attraction among the various natural, historic, and man-made recreational resources and are the focal point of the State's travel and tourism industry. The 60-mile Grand Strand that extends from northern Horry County south to Georgetown County contains some of the Atlantic Coast's longest unbroken stretches of beaches. Myrtle Beach is ranked nationally as the number two beach vacation destination in the country. Further south along the coast, the semi-tropical barrier islands of Charleston, Colleton, Beaufort, and Jasper Counties offer diverse recreational opportunities ranging from the elite, manicured resort developments of Hilton Head Island to undeveloped, wilderness areas such as Cape Romain Wildlife Refuge and Capers Island State Heritage Preserve. Other coastal resources include 240 miles of Intracoastal Waterway, extensive saltwater marshes, and numerous bays and sounds.

B. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE South Carolina has experienced steady population growth over the past three decades and is currently the 10th fastest growing state in the nation (based on 2007 estimates). Between 1970 and 1990, the State’s population grew from approximately 2.6 million to nearly 3.5 million, an increase of 35%. The State grew by more than a half million persons from 1990 to 2000, an increase of more than 15%. By 2007, the number of South Carolina residents surpassed 4.4 million, with a population density of more than 146 people per square mile. The State’s population grew by 9.9% (395,893 persons) since the 2000 Census, with 68% of the growth attributed to migration into the State. The population projection for the year 2020 approaches 4.95 million, representing a 23.4% increase from 2000. South Carolina’s population has become increasingly urbanized, with 60.5% of the State now classified as urban. During the past three decades, the rural share of the State’s population fell to well under half of the total population, dropping from nearly 52% in 1970 to 46% in 1980, and decreasing to 45% in 1990 and to only 39.5% by 2000. There are currently 10 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in South Carolina that encompass 21 of the State’s 46 counties (Figure 2). These 10 MSAs include the Anderson MSA (Anderson County), Augusta-Richmond County GA-SC MSA (Aiken and Edgefield Counties), Charleston-North Charleston MSA (Berkeley, Charleston and Dorchester Counties), Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord NC-SC MSA (York County), Columbia MSA (Calhoun, Fairfield, Kershaw, Lexington, Richland, and Saluda Counties), Florence MSA (Darlington and Florence Counties), Greenville MSA (Greenville, Laurens and Pickens Counties), Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach MSA (Horry County) and Sumter MSA (Sumter County). As shown in Table 2, the combined population for these MSAs was more than 3 million in the 2000 Census. A comparison of the metropolitan population with the State total reveals that nearly 75% of the State's population lives in these ten metropolitan areas. Figure 2 shows the location of the State’s Metropolitan Statistical Areas as well as the counties within each planning district.

6

Figure 2. South Carolina Planning Districts and Metropolitan Statistical Areas

Table 2. South Carolina Population by Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)

MSA 1990 2000 2006

estimate % Change 2000-2006

Anderson 145,196 165,740 177,963 7.4%

Augusta-Richmond County (SC portion) 139,315 167,147 177,061 5.9%

Charleston-North Charleston 506,875 548,972 603,178 9.9%

Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord (SC portion) 131,497 164,614 199,035 20.9%

Columbia 548,335 647,158 703,771 8.7%

Florence 176,195 193,155 198,848 2.9%

Greenville 472,153 559,940 601,986 7.5%

Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach 144,053 196,629 238,493 21.3%

Spartanburg 226,800 253,791 271,087 6.8%

Sumter 102,637 104,646 104,430 -0.2%

Total SC MSA Population 2,593,056 3,001,792 3,275,852 9.1% Source: South Carolina Statistical Abstract, 2006. SC Budget and Control Board, Office of Research

and Statistical Services, Columbia, SC; US Census Bureau, 1990 Census.

Table 3 details the State’s population distribution by the ten regional planning districts in South Carolina. Figure 3 provides additional information about population change by county.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Mc- Cormick

Green-wood

Cherokee

Bamberg

Allendale

Beau-fort

Calhoun

Dor-chester

Edgefield

Marl-boro

Darlington

Abbeville

Lancaster

CharlestonHampton

Pickens

Barnwell

Saluda

Spartanburg

Chesterfield

Clarendon

Newberry

George-town

Williamsburg

Dillon

Marion

Chester

Lexington

Green-ville

Anderson

Kershaw

OconeeUnion

Richland

FairfieldLaurens

Florence

Sumter

Orangeburg

Jasper

Lee

Colleton

Berkeley

York

Aiken

Horry

MetropolitanStatistical Areas

AndersonAugusta-Richmond County

Charlotte-Gastonia-ConcordCharleston-North Charleston

ColumbiaFlorenceGreenvilleMyrtle Beach-Conway-

SpartanburgSumter

North Myrtle Beach

1 - Appalachian 2 - Upper Savannah 3 - Catawba 4 - Central Midlands 5 - Lower Savannah 6 - Santee-Lynches 7 - Pee Dee 8 - Waccamaw 9 - Berkeley/Charleston/ Dorchester10 - Low Country

Planning Districts

7

Table 3. South Carolina Population by Regional Planning Area

District Number Regional Planning District 1990 2000

1 Appalachian 887,993 1,028,656

2 Upper Savannah 185,230 215,739

3 Catawba 248,520 289,914

4 Central Midlands 509,314 596,253

5 Lower Savannah 267,470 300,666

6 Santee-Lynches 191,762 209,914

7 Pee Dee 307,499 330,929

8 Waccamaw 227,170 289,643

9 Berkeley-Charleston-Dorchester 506,877 549,033

10 Low Country 154,475 201,265 Source: SC Budget and Control Board. South Carolina Statistical Abstract, 2006. Office of Research

and Statistical Services, Columbia, SC ; US Census Bureau, 2000 Census.

Figure 3. South Carolina Population Change by County, 1990 to 2000

Source: SC Budget and Control Board, Office of Research and Statistics.

Aiken

York

Berkeley

Colleton

Lee

Orangeburg

Oconee

Florence

Sumter

Laurens

Richland

Union

KershawFairfieldAnderson

Green-Chester

George-

Williams-

Marion

Clarendon

Dillon

Saluda

Pickens

Chesterfield

Newberry

Spartan-

Barnwell

HamptonCharleston

Abbeville

Dor-

Darlington

Calhoun

Bamberg

Allendale

Cherokee

McCor-

Lancaster

Green-

mick

ville

burg

wood

town

burg

chester

Edgefield

LexingtonHorry

Jasper Beau-fort

Marl-boro

Aiken

York

Berkeley

Colleton

Lee

Orangeburg

Oconee

Florence

Sumter

Laurens

Richland

Union

KershawFairfieldAnderson

Green-Chester

George-

Williams-

Marion

Clarendon

Dillon

Saluda

Pickens

Chesterfield

Newberry

Spartan-

Barnwell

HamptonCharleston

Abbeville

Dor-

Darlington

Calhoun

Bamberg

Allendale

Cherokee

McCor-

Lancaster

Green-

mick

ville

burg

wood

town

burg

chester

Edgefield

LexingtonHorry

Jasper Beau-fort

Marl-boro

PERCENT CHANGE

-4 to 0%

1 to 9%

10 to 15%

16 to 25%

26 to 40%S.C. BUDGET & CONTROL BOARD

OFFICE OF RESEARCH & STATISTICS

SOURCE

PERCENT CHANGE

-4 to 0%

1 to 9%

10 to 15%

16 to 25%

26 to 40%

8

Projections for population and economic growth over the next decade point to continued increases in the Appalachian, Central Midlands, Lowcountry, Berkeley-Charleston-Dorchester, and Waccamaw Regions. Growth is also anticipated, although at a more moderate rate, for the remaining five regions – Catawba, Lower Savannah, Pee Dee, Santee-Lynches, and Upper Savannah. Figure 4 illustrates population density trends in South Carolina.

Figure 4. South Carolina Density by County, 2000 (Persons per Square Mile)

Source: SC Budget and Control Board, Office of Research and Statistics.

The total number of South Carolina households, at more than 1.5 million in 2000, has grown at an even faster rate than the population as a whole. This trend is the result of smaller family size with fewer children, an increase in the number of single-parent households, longevity among the elderly population, and delayed marriages. Household growth has been accompanied by a rise in the median age of State residents. The median age of South Carolinians in 2000 was 35.4 years, a substantial increase from the median age of 32 years in 1990. Table 4 indicates a trend towards an older population within the State. These demographic transitions will influence outdoor recreation planning efforts in future years.

fortBeau-Jasper

HorryLexington

Edgefield

chester

burg

town

boro

wood

ville

mick

Green-

Lancaster

McCor-

Cherokee

Allendale

Bamberg

Calhoun

Darlington

Dor-

Marl-

Abbeville

Hampton

Barnwell

Newberry

Chesterfield

Pickens

Saluda

Dillon

Clarendon

Marion

Williams-

George-

Chester

AndersonFairfield Kershaw

Union

Laurens

Sumter

Florence

Oconee

Orangeburg

Lee

Colleton

Berkeley

York

Aiken

Richland

Charleston

burgGreen-

Spartan-

fortBeau-Jasper

HorryLexington

Edgefield

chester

burg

town

boro

wood

ville

mick

Green-

Lancaster

McCor-

Cherokee

Allendale

Bamberg

Calhoun

Darlington

Dor-

Marl-

Abbeville

Hampton

Barnwell

Newberry

Chesterfield

Pickens

Saluda

Dillon

Clarendon

Marion

Williams-

George-

Chester

AndersonFairfield Kershaw

Union

Laurens

Sumter

Florence

Oconee

Orangeburg

Lee

Colleton

Berkeley

York

Aiken

Richland

Charleston

burgGreen-

Spartan-

POPULATION DENSITY

Less than 50

50 to 90

100 to 149

150 to 300

More than 300S.C. BUDGET & CONTROL BOARD

OFFI CE OF RESEARCH & STATISTICS

SOURCE

POPULATION DENSITY

Less than 50

50 to 90

100 to 149

150 to 300

More than 300

9

Table 4. South Carolina Population by Age

0-4 years 5-19 years 20-64 years 65 years + Year Total # % # % # % # %

1990 3,486,703 263,156 7.5% 786,754 22.6% 2,042,744 58.6% 394,049 11.3%

2000 4,012,012 264,679 6.6% 871,099 21.7% 2,390,901 59.6% 485,333 12.1%

2015 4,501,000 290,000 6.4% 889,000 19.8% 2,652,000 58.9% 670,000 14.9%

Sources: SC Budget and Control Board. South Carolina Statistical Abstract, 2006. Office of Research and

Statistical Services; US Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2001.

South Carolina ranks as the 7th highest in the nation – behind the District of Columbia and the States of Hawaii, Mississippi, Maryland, Louisiana and Georgia – in the overall percentage of minority population. Caucasians and African-Americans comprise 68.4% and 29.2% of the State’s population, respectively. As shown in Table 5, the State’s African-American population is more than double the national percentage, while the State’s percentage of Asian, American Indian, and Hispanic population currently falls below national averages. The racial composition of the South Carolina population, especially among minorities, will continue to change in the coming decades. Both the State’s Asian and Hispanic populations are projected to more than double from 1990 to 2025, representing growth rates six times higher than the South Carolina population as a whole.

Table 5. South Carolina Population by Race and Ethnicity, 2005

Race/Ethnicity South Carolina United States White 68.4% 80.2%

African-American 29.2% 12.8%

American Indian/Alaska Native 0.4% 1.0%

Asian 1.1% 4.3%

Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0.1% 0.2%

Hispanic or Latino* 3.3% 14.4%

* Hispanic/Latino is an ethnic designation that includes persons of multiple racial groups, therefore it is considered separately in regard to percentage of total population.

Source: US Census Bureau, 2005 Population Estimates.

C. ECONOMIC PROFILE Paralleling the expansion of state economies throughout the South, South Carolina has experienced heightened economic growth over the last few decades. Emerging from an agrarian tradition, the State has launched the transformation of its economy into a diversified base of manufacturing, trade, services, and tourism activity. Located in the heart of the nation’s Sunbelt with abundant access to five interstate highways and three ports on the Atlantic, South Carolina is strategically positioned to continue to attract new business and industry. Between 1990 and 2000, the State attracted more than $48 billion in capital investments and created more than 237,000 new jobs. Between 2000 and 2006, the State garnered an additional

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$15.2 billion in capital investment and the creation of more than 87,000 jobs. One-in-five South Carolina jobs are now in manufacturing. Small business growth also continues to contribute significantly to the State’s economy, with these smaller businesses numbering in excess of 339,000 in 2006 and also creating nearly one-half of all new jobs in South Carolina. Tourism activity has evolved into a major economic asset for the Palmetto State. South Carolina hosts approximately 29 million domestic visitors each year for a total of 103 million visitor days. South Carolina hosted nearly 1 million international visitors annually. Of these international visitors to the State, the majority (80%) are from Canada and 20% are from elsewhere, primarily Europe. The economic impact of tourism in South Carolina is significant and growing, with travel and tourism expenditures and investments providing $16 billion in economic activity in 2005 – a growth of 7% from 2004. The tourism and travel industry now directly and indirectly generates more than 216,000 jobs for South Carolinians (12% of State employment) and contributes $10.9 billion to the State’s economy or 9% of the State’s total economy. This contribution to South Carolina’s Gross State Product (GSP) is anticipated to grow to $17 billion by the year 2010. In 2005, more than $1.2 billion of capital investment occurred in the South Carolina tourism industry. State and local tax revenue generated from tourism activity totaled more than $1 billion in 2005, while government expenditures to support tourism activities are estimated at only $439 million. The fiscal impact from Federal tax revenue generated from tourism totaled $1.2 billion in 2005. Tax revenue from tourism is expected to continue to grow, although it may be tempered by an economic slowdown and rising fuel prices. Outdoor recreation plays an integral, yet largely untapped, role in South Carolina’s burgeoning tourist industry. Annually, more than 11 million visitors to South Carolina participate in some form of outdoor recreation during their trip. Coupled with heritage and cultural tourism, outdoor recreation offers significant economic development opportunities for all regions of the State, especially for our rural, inland communities.

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PART III. 2002 SCORP ACCOMPLISHMENTS

The State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan for South Carolina has been updated on a regular basis since it was first developed in 1965. The initial plan was developed by the South Carolina Department of Wildlife and Marine Resources (now the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources). Subsequent plans have been developed by the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, which was created in 1967. The Plan has been revised and published about every five years, with the most recent being the 2002 South Carolina State

Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP). The 2002 SCORP identified eleven priority issues to be addressed during the 5-year SCORP planning period (Chart 1).

Chart 1. 2002 SCORP Priority Implementation Issues

Issue 1: Protect significant lands for natural and cultural resources allowing public recreational use.

Issue 2: Manage and expand trail resources for walking, jogging/running, bicycling, off-road vehicle riding, skating, hiking, horse riding, and canoeing/kayaking.

Issue 3: Maintain and improve existing parks and recreational facilities.

Issue 4: Increase funding for a variety of parks and recreational facilities.

Issue 5: Acquire public open space for recreational use, including urban parks, neighborhood parks, and greenways.

Issue 6: Provide more multi-use athletic complexes and active recreational facilities for youth.

Issue 7: Create partnerships between and among government agencies and the private sector to build, maintain, and promote recreation resources, and to implement existing plans.

Issue 8: Implement existing plans.

Issue 9: Increase opportunities for activities of high recreational demand.

Issue 10: Increase ongoing education efforts to provide information on recreation opportunities, avoid user conflicts, and protect resources.

Issue 11: Increase public beach access.

Since 2002, SCPRT and other Federal, State and local agencies and organizations have worked to address the priority issues identified in the 2002 SCORP. A summary of accomplishments shows notable progress. A complete listing of accomplishments under each priority issue identified in the 2002 SCORP is included in Appendix F.

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Protection of significant lands – Since 2002, a number of very significant accomplishments have been made at both the State and local levels to protect natural and cultural resources. Foremost among those accomplishments was the adoption and subsequent funding in 2004 of the SC Conservation Bank Act, which provided grant funding in excess of $70.7 million for the conservation of more than 134,000 acres of land throughout the State. The work of private, non-profit land trusts has also been substantial in recent years, with more than 176,460 acres of land protected by land trusts statewide during 2005 – resulting in a ranking of 17th nationwide in terms of reported acreage. Continued partnerships and coordinated efforts among SCPRT, SCDNR, and other allied organizations leveraged impacts on policies, planning and acquisition efforts statewide. For instance, joint efforts resulted in the protection of natural and historic resources in the hydro re-licensing review process along the Catawba River Corridor. SCDNR added more than 2,800 acres to its Heritage Preserves, along with an additional 47,500 acres of land purchased through the Heritage Land Trust Fund for habitat protection. Two new Scenic Rivers were designated in South Carolina by SCDNR – the Great Pee Dee and the Little Pee Dee. The Congaree Swamp National Monument became the first national park in South Carolina and the new Congaree National Park was expanded by more than 4,500 acres. More than 150,000 acres of wetlands and uplands of ACE Basin were protected through purchase, donation, and conservation easements. Expansion of trail resources – Public and private agencies and organizations have made substantial strides in the expansion of trail resources for walking, jogging/running, bicycling, off-road vehicle riding, skating, hiking, horse riding, and canoeing/kayaking in South Carolina since 2002. The State’s most comprehensive effort in this arena has been the continued expansion of the Palmetto Trail, which will eventually traverse the State and link the mountains to the sea. The Palmetto Conservation Foundation (PCF) – in partnership with Federal and State agencies, local governments, private foundations, corporations and private landowners – is coordinating the effort to extend the Trail through the construction of a series of defined passages. As of December 2007, the Palmetto Trail extended 275 miles – covering more than half of the Trail’s planned length of 425 miles. A number of other land and water trails have been constructed, extended, or improved throughout the State. SCPRT successfully obtained RTP funds for the construction of a trail to connect Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park to Crowders Mountain State Park in North Carolina. In the Lowcountry, Friends of the Edisto partnered with the Palmetto Conservation Foundation to establish the North Fork Blueway on the North Fork Edisto River, while the Berkeley Conservation District and its partners developed the Berkeley County Blueways, a system of 23 water trails totaling more than 175 miles. In the Midlands, partners including American Rivers, Congaree National Park, SCDNR, the River Alliance, and Friends of the Congaree began development of a Congaree River Blue Trail. Numerous local and regional recreation organizations such as the City of Rock Hill, the Greenville County Recreation Commission, the Irmo-Chapin Recreation Commission (Saluda Shoals Park) and the River Alliance constructed and expanded trails and trail systems, while other local jurisdictions such as Richland County began development of area-wide trail plans.

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Existing parks and facilities – Federal, State and local agencies and private organizations have worked diligently to maintain and improve existing parks and recreational facilities throughout the State since 2002. SCPRT maintained and improved the 139 trails, totaling more than 350 miles, in its state park system. The Department also continued to make trails more accessible to physically-challenged users through surface improvements at Hunting Island, Edisto Beach, and Landsford Canal State Parks. To maximize resources, SCPRT, Congaree National Park and other organizations continued to utilize volunteers and groups for trail and facility monitoring and maintenance, litter pick up, tour hosting, fund raising for special projects, as well as trail construction and improvements. Local and regional recreation organizations also provided significant resources by maintaining existing recreation facilities and making improvements to many existing recreation facilities statewide. The US Army Corps of Engineers made significant improvements to a number of its facilities located on several lakes, including the construction of picnic shelters, playgrounds, sidewalks, restrooms, and courtesy docks; renovation of campsites; and installation of lighting at its recreation areas, ramps and campgrounds located throughout the State. Funding – The securing of adequate funding for parks and recreation has long been a key concern in South Carolina. While many funding programs have increased very little or even decreased in recent years, significant progress has been made since the 2002 SCORP, particularly in the area of land conservation. The SC Conservation Bank Act launched the State’s first conservation land bank program for the purchase of land and easements. The Bank has provided more than $70 million for the conservation of more than 134,000 acres of land since 2004. Although limited, funding for recreation programs and facilities in some local jurisdictions was enhanced through a wide range of methods such as partnerships, tax allocations, and one-time capital funding. Public open space – Significant progress has been made by regional and local agencies and private organizations in acquiring lands for recreational use, neighborhood parks, and greenways. At the State level, SCPRT acquired or agreed to lease additional public open space for recreational use at a number of locations including Landsford Canal, Great Falls, Blackstock Battlefield, Caesars Head and Paris Mountain. SCDNR added more than 2,800 acres to its Heritage Preserves, along with an additional 47,500 acres of land purchased through the Heritage Land Trust Fund for habitat protection. Local and regional governments throughout the State acquired land for outdoor recreation and made improvements that enable greater access to outdoor recreation, such as the Reedy River Falls and Lake Conestee Parks in Greenville. A number of local governments such as Charleston, Greenville, and Spartanburg Counties and organizations such as the River Alliance in the Columbia area developed plans for and began implementation of local and regional greenway systems. In 2007, the Central Midlands Council of Governments completed Keeping it Green in the Midlands, a regional plan for assembling a network of open spaces in its four-county planning area. Multi-use recreational facilities – The need for athletic complexes and community recreational facilities is largely shouldered by local jurisdictions and recreation organizations. At the State

14

level, SCPRT continued administration of the Federal LWCF and RTP grant programs as well as the State RELT and PARD funds that support such facilities. Athletic fields and courts were established as a funding priority for the LWCF and RELT programs. Local and regional recreation organizations such as those in Greenville, Richland and York Counties and the cities of Rock Hill and Greenville expanded and constructed multi-use recreational facilities such as tennis centers, multi-use fields and recreation centers. Funding of these facilities will remain a challenge for local communities throughout the State. Public-Private partnerships – The provision of outdoor recreation in South Carolina has included a long history of partnerships, cooperation and collaboration among public and private agencies and organizations to build, maintain, and promote recreation resources, and to implement existing plans. This tradition continued during the 2002-2007 SCORP implementation period, with numerous existing partnerships continued and new partnerships established to protect resources and provide recreational access for the residents of South Carolina. At the State level, SCPRT, SCDNR and a number of other stakeholders were active participants in multiple hydroelectric re-licensing agreement processes including the Lake Murray/Saluda review with SCE&G and the Catawba/Lake Wateree review with Duke Energy to ensure that public open space is conserved, recreational resources are considered, and public access and use is maximized. SCDOT worked with SCPRT, local/regional governments, and tourism groups to improve the scenic nature of designated scenic highways. SCPRT was an active participant with the Palmetto Conservation Foundation and other organizations in the Cradle of Democracy project aimed at protecting and promoting Revolutionary War heritage in South Carolina. SCPRT also coordinated the 2005 State Recreation Resources Forum that was attended by representatives from 12 different agencies. The Department was also a lead partner with SCDNR and the SC Forestry Commission in the 2007 South Carolina Trails Conference that focused on both land and water trails. Existing plan implementation – Numerous State and local plans related to outdoor recreation were continued, launched and/or completed in the five years since the last SCORP. Plan implementation was advanced for resources ranging from trails, river corridors and greenways to tourism and state parks. SCPRT teamed with diverse partners to advance land and water trail resources throughout the State. SCPRT, the Palmetto Conservation Foundation, and other groups to continued to work toward the implementation of the 2002 SC State Trails Plan. These joint efforts contributed to the expansion of the Palmetto Trail to 275 miles in length – well over half of the planned goal of 425 miles. The development of the East Coast Greenway Trail that will weave through the coastal counties of South Carolina also progressed with trail segments added in Horry, Georgetown, Charleston, and Beaufort Counties due to the efforts of the East Coast Greenway Association, local governments, SCPRT, and others. Recreational water resources were addressed as SCDNR – in concert with SCPRT, local advisory councils, and other stakeholders – implemented the goals and recommendations of a number of river management plans for key water resources including the Ashley, Saluda, Black,

Lynches, Reedy, and Catawba Rivers to promote and enhance recreational access. In the area of tourism, SCPRT continued to implement its Nature-Based Tourism Plan to grow tourism, while utilizing the State’s natural and cultural resources in a sustainable manner. The Department continued its work with local interests to implement the South Carolina Heritage

15

Corridor Plan. SCPRT continued to implement components of the State Park Vision for the

21st Century, focusing on stewardship and service in the State Park Service.

Opportunities for high demand activities – Federal and State agencies, local governments, and local recreation organizations encouraged and provided many new opportunities for high demand outdoor recreation activities throughout South Carolina over the last five years. The SCPRT grant process focused on providing funding for activities of high recreational demand such as walking, running, playing ball, attending sporting events, fishing, wildlife and bird watching and picnicking. SCPRT also continued to play a significant role in increasing opportunities for outdoor recreation at state parks for high demand activities such as hiking and walking, wildlife watching, camping, golf, picnicking, fishing, and historic site visitation. Education efforts – With increased public access to technology such as computers and the internet in recent years, recreation providers in South Carolina have been able to greatly enhance their efforts to provide information about recreation opportunities, educate the public about potential user conflicts, and promote the protection of natural and cultural resources. Federal and State agencies, local governments, and recreation organizations updated and enhanced their web sites to include a wide range of information about outdoor recreation opportunities and resources. Significant accomplishments were also made in the provision of on-site education and interpretation at locations throughout the State. SCPRT constructed visitor centers at Charles Towne Landing, Musgrove Mill, Edisto Beach State Park and Paris Mountain that will provide visitor interpretation and awareness of park resources and enhanced opportunities for educational outreach programs. The Congaree National Park made improvements to its visitor center; provided full staffing for the Old Growth Bottomland Forest Research and Education Center; expanded its educational outreach efforts to include K-12, higher education and informal public science programs; developed partnerships with the research community to utilize the new Learning Center; and provided a dedicated Education Coordinator. The Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge installed interpretive kiosks and new exhibits that detail educational opportunities at the Refuge. Beach access – The provision of public beach access has largely been the responsibility of local governments over the last 5 years. The SCDHEC Office of Coastal Resource Management continued to encourage public beach access through implementation of the policies of the Coastal Zone Management Act and the Beachfront Management Act. SCPRT continued to maintain important public beach access opportunities at Hunting Island, Edisto Beach, Huntington Beach and Myrtle Beach State Parks.

16

PART IV. STATE OUTDOOR RECREATION GOALS

The guiding goals for the 2008 South Carolina State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan

(SCORP) are derived from a combination of overlapping legislative, agency, departmental and statewide outdoor recreation planning goals.

A. LEGISLATIVE GOALS

Eleven primary outdoor recreation goals have been established for the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism (SCPRT) by the South Carolina General Assembly. These goals address the responsibilities and project the leading role of the SCPRT in promoting, developing, acquiring, coordinating and planning for use of the State’s outdoor recreation resources. Legislative Goal 1: To promote, publicize, and advertise the State's tourist attractions.

Legislative Goal 2: To promote the general health and welfare of the people of the State by developing and expanding new and existing recreational areas, including the existing State Park Service.

Legislative Goal 3: To develop a coordinated plan utilizing to best advantage the natural facilities and resources of the State as a tourist attraction, recognizing the mountainous areas and coastal plains, each of which has the potential of attracting many visitors in all seasons to take advantage of the natural scenery, the outdoor sports (including hunting, fishing, and swimming), and other recreational activities (such as golfing, boating, and sightseeing).

Legislative Goal 4: To include in the plan the preservation and perpetuation of the State's rich historical heritage by acquiring and owning, recognizing, marking, and publicizing areas, sites, buildings, and other landmarks, and items of national and statewide historical interest and significance to the history of our State.

Legislative Goal 5: To use all available services of the several agencies in the management of forest and wildlife resources.

Legislative Goal 6: To lease or convey portions of lands under its jurisdiction to municipalities and other political subdivisions charged with the responsibility of providing parks and recreation facilities.

Legislative Goal 7: To borrow money for the purposes of acquisition, construction, development, and maintenance of such lands and facilities as the Director is empowered to operate and issue evidences of such indebtedness thereof in the form of notes or bonds.

17

Legislative Goal 8: To enter into contracts with the United States Government, its various departments and agencies, for the purpose of obtaining funds, property, or any other purpose which will assist the Department in carrying out the provisions for which it has been created.

Legislative Goal 9: To allocate funds made available to the Department for development and improvement of park properties in the State system and historic sites.

Legislative Goal 10: To study and ascertain the State's present park, parkway, and outdoor recreational resources and facilities, the need for such resources and facilities, and the extent to which these needs are now being met. Determine the land suitable and desirable to be acquired as a part of the state park and outdoor recreational system, with due consideration being given to the scenic, recreational, archaeological, and other special features attractive to out-of-state visitors and to State residents.

Legislative Goal 11: To promote economic diversity in all areas of the State by extending the full benefits of tourism and recreation development. The Department shall coordinate and act as liaison with regional tourism organizations, local chambers of commerce, development agencies and other Federal, State, regional and local agencies and organizations to promote economic and business development, the expansion of tourism, retirement, recreational, cultural and heritage events.

B. SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF PARKS, RECREATION

AND TOURISM MISSION AND GOALS South Carolina is blessed with an abundance of natural and man-made resources – historic cities that attract visitors from all over the world, pristine beaches that stretch uninterrupted for miles, small towns that offer a unique glimpse into days gone by, black water rivers for a peaceful day of kayaking or canoeing and spectacular golf courses that wow the avid amateur and challenge the best touring pros. These assets and more have helped fuel a year-round tourism business and transform the tourism sector into an economic powerhouse that now ranks as the State’s number one industry. To advance the effort anticipated by the General Assembly when it created the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism in 1967, the Agency has articulated the following mission and vision.

1. SCPRT Mission To raise personal income of South Carolinians by creating a better environment for economic growth through delivering State government services more effectively, improving quality of life and promoting economic development through tourism.

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2. SCPRT Vision Shaping and sharing a better South Carolina through stewardship, service, economic development and marketing.

C. SOUTH CAROLINA STATE COMPREHENSIVE OUTDOOR

RECREATION PLAN GOALS Based on the guiding legislative goals and agency mission, the general outdoor recreation goals of the 2008 State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) provide for a formal planning process, conserve South Carolina’s rich natural and cultural resources, and contribute to the State’s economic well-being and quality of life. The 2008 SCORP is anchored by six goals: SCORP Goal 1: To continue a planning process for outdoor recreation which provides

coordination with other agencies and organizations, implements the approved plan, and adjusts the plan periodically for the changing needs of the population and visitors.

SCORP Goal 2: To provide the people of South Carolina and its visitors with a balanced

and comprehensive recreation system of public and private land and sites.

SCORP Goal 3: To provide South Carolinians and visitors opportunities to understand

and enjoy the State's historic and natural heritage. SCORP Goal 4: To provide to all segments of the population opportunities for outdoor

recreation experiences and an improved quality of life. SCORP Goal 5: To encourage cooperative efforts between various agencies and levels of

government, between private enterprise and government, and between volunteers and resource managers.

SCORP Goal 6: To encourage sustainable development and give consideration to the

local economic, social, and natural resource impacts resulting from the location and development of recreation areas.

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PART V. SCORP PLANNING PROCESS

The State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) is updated and prepared for publication and distribution on a five-year cycle. Implementation of the Plan is considered a continuous process. The process employed to develop the 2008 South Carolina SCORP is defined by an inclusive and participatory eight-step planning process that is grounded in extensive public participation and agency involvement. Planning Step 1: SCPRT hosted the South Carolina Recreation Resources Forum, an

interagency discussion of issues and current/future actions. This meeting provided a sound overview of concerns faced by Federal, State and local agencies in their efforts to provide recreational opportunities around the State.

Planning Step 2: SCPRT staff developed a planning process outline, development timeline, and plan content outline.

Planning Step 3: Plan goals were established based on the primary goals assigned by the General Assembly to SCPRT and the Department’s mission, vision and strategic goals.

Planning Step 4: A Recreation Participation and Preference Study was conducted in 2005 through a contract with the Survey Research Laboratory of the Institute for Public Service and Policy Research at the University of South Carolina. The purpose of the study was to determine recreational preferences and actual participation among South Carolinians to include a trend analysis. The study was based on random telephone surveys of more than 2,100 residents.

Planning Step 5: A series of five public workshops were held throughout the State in 2007 to identify and prioritize current issues and needs concerning outdoor recreation in South Carolina. Issues and proposed actions were also requested from extensive email and mail lists of individuals and representatives of agencies and organizations. News releases that publicized the events also invited written suggestions.

Planning Step 6: A central meeting was held with key Federal, State, and local recreation resource providers from across the State to discuss current and future activities and review and comment on the results of the regional workshops.

Planning Step 7: Planning consultants and SCPRT staff completed the draft plan. Notifications were disseminated to individuals who attended workshops and the numerous State, Federal, and local agencies and other organizations about availability of the draft for review and comment. The draft was also posted for review on the SCPRT website.

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Planning Step 8: After receipt of comments, edits were made as needed and the final plan was developed, printed, and distributed to interested parties. The plan was forwarded to the National Park Service and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission for acceptance as the State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan. It was also posted on the Department’s website at www.scprt.com.

Planning Step 9: Plan implementation will be accomplished through the multiple agencies

and organizations identified within the implementation strategies prioritized in the interagency focus meeting. The SC Outdoor Recreation Plan will be updated in five years.

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PART VI. SCORP PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS

Public participation in the SCORP process was generated through multiple processes and forums that included formal surveys, public workshops, interagency focus meetings, interviews, and web-based review of planning documents. These public participation strategies are profiled below: � South Carolina Recreational Resources Forum – In March 2005, SCPRT convened the

statewide Recreational Resources Forum, bringing together State, Federal and local agencies to explore common issues and share information related to the State’s public recreation resources, as well as explore opportunities for collaboration and partnerships. The Forum was the third in a series of workshops, with previous meetings held in 1995 and 1998. Representatives from the US Forest Service, the US Army Corps of Engineers, the National Park Service, the US Fish & Wildlife Service, the SC Department of Natural Resources, the SC Forestry Commission, SCPRT, and the SC Recreation and Parks Association attended the 2005 Forum and provided valuable information related to the recreational resources provided by their agency or organization, as well as the role of recreation within their organization’s mission and goals.

� South Carolina Recreation Participation and Preference Study – SCPRT contracted with

the University of South Carolina's Institute for Public Service and Policy Research to conduct a telephone survey of more than 2,118 State residents aged 12 and older on September 13 and November 18, 2005. Respondents were asked a series of questions about their favorite recreational activities and actual participation rates for 44 recreational activities over the past year. This survey was based on previous surveys conducted at five-year intervals and trends were noted. Results were also reported based on the State’s ten planning districts.

� Participation in South Carolina State Survey – Since 1989, the USC Institute for Public

Service and Policy Research has conducted the South Carolina State Survey – an omnibus biennial survey that utilizes a random digit dialed telephone survey process to interview adults age 18 and older statewide. The 2007 survey includes questions about the role of SCPRT, the primary role of state parks, visits to state parks, state park services, and environmental protection. A previous survey conducted in 2001 also included questions related to the acquisition and development of land for public open space and trails, including prioritizing the types of public open space and trails to be developed. The most recent State Survey was conducted from May to June in 2007 and surveyed more than 800 South Carolinians.

� Public Workshops – In October and November of 2007, SCPRT and the Matheny-Burns

Group conducted a series of five statewide public workshops held in strategic locations throughout the State. Different times and locations were used to increase accessibility of the meetings. These workshops were held in Greenville, Columbia, North Charleston, Barnwell County and Darlington County. News releases were sent to local media around the State and direct mail notification was made to representatives of local park and recreation departments, Councils of Government, and State and Federal agencies. More

22

than 275 individuals and groups were notified by email and encouraged to send the notice to their constituencies. These groups included the State Trails Advisory Committee, statewide conservation groups, the South Carolina Recreation & Parks Association, the South Carolina Chapter of the American Planning Association, the South Carolina Wildlife Federation, and other public and private recreation interests. Sixty-six people participated in the regional workshops in which participants identified 60 recreational issues, which were subsequently refined into 15 major issues. An additional 15 emails were received that provided further comments on issues, proposed actions, or other recommendations for outdoor recreation in South Carolina.

� Interagency Focus Group Meeting – A focus group meeting was held in November 2007

with a broad representation of State, Federal, and local organizations to determine implementation strategies and actions which are, or could be, taken to impact the identified outdoor recreation issues.

� Draft Plan Review – Review and comments on the draft plan were requested from

numerous individuals representing agencies and organizations and those attending the public workshops. This was facilitated by posting the draft plan on the SCPRT website and notifying planning participants and other interested parties of its availability and providing print copies upon request to those lacking web access.

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PART VII. STATE OUTDOOR RECREATION ASSESSMENT

South Carolina is home to a variety of outdoor recreation resources ranging from public facilities provided by Federal, State, and local governments to private facilities open to the public or for exclusive use through ownership or lease. Demand for recreational opportunities continues to grow as the State’s population grows, as more residents and visitors expand interest and usage, and as residents and visitors alike seek new activities.

A. RECREATION RESOURCES 1. Public Facilities There are numerous publicly-owned recreation facilities in South Carolina ranging from a national park and state parks, to local parks and single purpose facilities such as boat access ramps. Figure 5 depicts the Parks, Natural Areas, Recreation Areas, and Historic Sites that comprise the South Carolina State Park Service. The various public facilities in the State are developed and managed by multiple agencies at different levels of government, with some recreational facilities leased from the private sector. The most recent study of public facilities available, the Public Recreation Facility Inventory conducted in 1989-90, identified more than one million acres of recreation facilities in South Carolina. As traditional funding sources decline and maintenance and upgrade costs for recreational facilities continue to increase, most public facilities have begun collecting user fees to offset operation and maintenance costs. The following sections summarize the public recreational resources available in the State. Contact information for the various State and Federal agencies with primary responsibility for each resource is provided at the end of each section.

a. State Parks The South Carolina State Park Service encompasses 47 state parks totaling more than 80,000 acres. Activities and events vary at each park but often include natural or historical attractions, camping, lodging, picnicking, interpretive and educational programs, swimming, fishing, boating, hiking, equestrian trails, playgrounds, golf, tennis, biking, or community buildings. Table 6 lists the Parks, Natural Areas, Recreation Areas, and Historic Sites within South Carolina’s State Park Service and provides details on the activities available at each park. The South Carolina State Park Service has a tremendous responsibility for the management, protection and promotion of some of the Palmetto State’s most treasured resources. South Carolina’s park properties are valued most for their contribution to the State’s base of natural and historic areas, providing South Carolinians with public access to diverse outdoor recreation, natural, cultural, and educational experiences that are representative of the State’s rich base of natural and historic resources. This unique base of properties is an integral part of the State’s tourism product. An intensive review of the State Park System by a 10-member interagency team in 1997 yielded a strategic management plan entitled The New Vision for the 21

st Century. The study

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was the first comprehensive evaluation of South Carolina’s State Park System in a decade. Throughout the plan, strategies and management activities are defined that provide a road map for the fulfillment of the Park Service’s mission. Input from both employees and park users has been used to revise and improve many of the concepts initially outlined in the original 1997 study. All plan objectives are fostered through the basic principles of stewardship and service. The 2003 updated edition of the South Carolina State Park Service strategic management plan continues the focus on the core concepts of stewardship and service and charts the future direction for South Carolina’s state parks. New approaches to the management of the State Park Service, including the development of management classifications and annual reviews of park specific General Management Plans, will enable the Agency to accomplish the five long-term goals established in the 2003 planning document.

Chart 2. SC State Park Service 2003 Strategic Management Plan Goals

Goal 1:

To serve as responsible stewards of the diverse natural and cultural resources

entrusted to the SC State Park Service.

Goal 2: To provide quality services to our customers.

Goal 3: To provide an aesthetically pleasing physical environment in parks through

methods that complement the Park Service’s mission of stewardship and service.

Goal 4: To manage the fiscal resources of the Park Service in an efficient and responsible

manner.

Goal 5: To maximize the effectiveness of the State Park Service’s human resources.

SCPRT recognizes its responsibility to effectively manage a State Park Service by working toward an appropriate mix of park products. While the existing state park properties meet many of these needs, the 2003 Vision recommends the development of a comprehensive, proactive program to help protect and preserve examples of the State’s unique natural and cultural features. In addition, progress has been made on a few of the 14 sites that were specifically listed as targets for protection. Unfortunately, additional funding is not readily available to acquire, develop, or operate new park properties in support of this goal. Contact: SC Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism

State Park Service 1205 Pendleton Street Columbia, SC 29201 803/734-0156 www.southcarolinaparks.com

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Table 6. South Carolina State Park Service Facilities South Carolina State Park Service

1205 Pendleton Street, Columbia, SC 29201 1-888-88-PARKS www.SouthCarolinaParks.com A

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Aiken State Natural Area (27) 803/649-2857 1145 State Park Rd, Windsor, SC 29856 1,067 25;B;PG H PL,R BR,FB,

C,K S-3 CCC

Andrew Jackson State Park (16) 803/285-3344 196 Andrew Jackson Pk Rd, Lancaster, SC 29720

360 25;PG H,I PL, FP

FB S-2 Y M MUS Y

Baker Creek State Park (24) 864/443-2457 863 Baker Creek Rd., McCormick, SC 29835 1,305 50;50T;PG H,B RL BR S-2 Y M

Barnwell State Park (28) 803/284-2212 223 State Park Rd, Blackville, SC 29817 307 25 5 H PL FB S-4 Y M CCC

Caesars Head State Park-The Mtn. Bridge (8)

864/836-6115 8155 Geer Highway, Cleveland, SC 29635 7,467 TS;PG H R S-1 Y

Calhoun Falls State Recreation Area (22)

864/447-8267 46 Maintenance Rd, Calhoun Falls, SC 29628

318 86;14T H RL, FP

BR,RF,FB,RS

S-2 Y TN,MLS*

Charles Towne Landing State Historic Site (45)

843/852-4200 1500 Old Towne Road, Charleston, SC 29407

664 I S-1 NR, MUS

Y

Cheraw State Park (36) 843/537-9656 100 State Park Rd, Cheraw, SC 29520 7,361 17;B;PG 8;GL H,B PL BR,FB,C,K

S-2 Y M CCC Y

Chester State Park (14) 803/385-2680 759 State Park Drive, Chester, SC 29706 523 25;PG H PL FB S-3 Y A,M CCC

Colleton State Park (43) 843/538-8206 147 Wayside Lane, Canadys, SC 29433 35 25;PG H R S-1 Y

Colonial Dorchester St. Historic Site (44)

843/873-1740 300 State Park Rd, Summerville, SC 29485 325 I Y NR Y

Croft State Natural Area (11) 864/585-1283 450 Croft State Park Rd, Spartanburg, SC 29302

7,054 50;PG H,B PL BR;FB ET,SR,ST,EC

S-3 Y

Devils Fork State Park (5) 864/944-2639 161 Holcombe Circle, Salem, SC 29676 644 59; 25T;B 20 H RL BR S-2 Y

Dreher Island State Recreation Area (20)

803/364-4152 3677 State Park Rd, Prosperity, SC 29127 348 97; 15T;PG 5 H RL BR,RS,RF

S-14 Y M

Edisto Beach State Park (46) 843/869-2756 8377 State Cabin Rd, Edisto Is., SC 29438 1,255 111; 5T 7 H,I,B O BR S-2 E CCC Y

Givhans Ferry State Park (42) 843/873-0692 746 Givhans Ferry Rd, Ridgeville, SC 29472 988 25;PG 4 H R S-2 M CCC

Goodale State Park (33) 803/432-2772 650 Park Rd, Camden, SC 29020 763 H,W PL BR,FB,

C S-2 Y M

H. Cooper Black Mem. Field Trial & Rec. Area (35)

843/378-1555 279 Sporting Dog Trail, Cheraw, SC 29520 7,000 27; +tents

ET,ST,EC

Hamilton Branch State Recreation Area (25)

864/333-2223 111 Campground Rd, Plum Branch, SC 29845

731 171;11T; PG

B RL BR S-3 Y

Hampton Plantation State Historic Site (41)

843/546-9361 1950 Rutledge Road, McClellanville, SC 29458

274 H,B R S-1 NHL,MUS

Y

Hickory Knob State Resort Park (23)

800/491-1764 1591 Resort Dr., McCormick, SC 29835 1,091 44 18; LR 78;GL

H, I, B

RL BR,FB,K

Y TN,M A,SK

Y

Hunting Island State Park (47) 843/838-2011 2555 Sea Island Pkwy, Hunting Island, SC 29920

5,000 183;10T; PG

14 H,B O, FP

BR S-1 N NR, CCC

Y

Huntington Beach State Park (40) 843/237-4440 16148 Ocean Hwy., Murrells Inlet, SC 29576 2,500 128;6T; PG

H,I,B O S-3 E NHL Y

Jones Gap State Park-The Mtn. Bridge (9)

864/836-3647 303 Jones Gap Road, Marietta, SC 29661 3,346 TS:PG H R Y E Y

Keowee-Toxaway State Natural Area (6)

864/868-2605 108 Residence Drive, Sunset, SC 29685 1,000 10;14T;TS; PG

1 I,H RL S-5 MUS

Kings Mountain State Park (15) 803/222-3209 1277 Park Rd, Blacksburg, SC 29702 6,883 116;10T;PG GL H PL FB*,C* ET, EC S-5 CCC Y

Lake Greenwood State Recreation Area (21)

864/543-3535 302 State Park Road, Ninety-Six, SC 29666 914 125; 5T; PG H RL, FP

BR S-4 Y M CCC MUS

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Table 6. South Carolina State Park Service Facilities South Carolina State Park Service

1205 Pendleton Street, Columbia, SC 29201 1-888-88-PARKS www.SouthCarolinaParks.com A

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Lake Hartwell State Recreation Area (2)

864/972-3352 19138-A South Highway 11, Fair Play, SC 29643

680 116; 13T; 2CC

W RL BR S-1 Y

Lake Warren State Park (29) 803/943-5051 1079 Lake Warren Rd, Hampton, SC 29924 440 PG I,H RL, FP

BR S-4 Y M

Lake Wateree State Rec. Area (18)

803/482-6401 881 State Park Rd, Winnsboro, SC 29180 238 72 H RL BR,RF Y Y

Landsford Canal State Park (17) 803/789-5800 2051 Park Drive, Catawba, SC 29704 448 I, H R S-1 Y M NHL

Lee State Natural Area (34) 803/428-5307 487 Loop Rd, Bishopville, SC 29010 2,839 25;PG H R ET,SR,ST,EC

S-2 E CCC Y

Little Pee Dee State Park (37) 843/774-8872 1298 State Park Rd, Dillon, SC 29536 835 32;18T;PG H PL BR,FB,

C,K S-2 Y

Musgrove Mill State Historic Site (13)

864/938-0100 398 State Park Rd, Clinton, SC 29325 340 I R, PL

Y NR MUS

Y

Myrtle Beach State Park (39) 843/238-5325 4401 South Kings Hwy., Myrtle Beach, SC 29575

312 281;30T 5; A-2 H O, FP

S-7 Y N CCC Y

Oconee State Park (3) 864/638-5353 624 State Park Rd, Mountain Rest, SC 29664

1,165 140;15T; PG

19; GL H,B PL FB,C, K*,PD*

S-4 Y LS,MCG

NR,CCC

Oconee Station State Historic Site (4)

864/638-0079 500 Oconee Station Rd, Walhalla, SC 29691 210 H,B PL Y NR Y

Paris Mountain State Park (10) 864/244-5565 2401 State Park Rd, Greenville, SC 29609 1,540 39;PG GL H,I,B PL FB,C,K S-7 Y LS*,M,E

CCC Y

Poinsett State Park (32) 803/494-8177 6660 Poinsett Park Rd, Wedgefield, SC 29168

1,000 24;26T;PG 5 H PL FB ET, EC S-5 CCC

Redcliffe Plantation State Historic Site (26)

803/827-1473 181 Redcliffe Rd., Beech Island, SC 29842 369 I Y NR, MUS

Y

Rivers Bridge State Historic Site (30)

803/267-3675 325 State Park Rd, Ehrhardt, SC 29081 390 I S-1 M NR Y

Rose Hill Plantation State Historic Site (12)

864/427-5966 2677 Sardis Rd., Union, SC 29379 44 H S-1 NR, MUS

Y

Sadlers Creek State Recreation Area (1)

864/226-8950 940 Sadlers Creek Park Rd, Anderson, SC 29626

395 52; 10T; PG

H,B, W

RL BR S-2 Y M

Santee State Park (31) 803/854-2408 251 State Park Rd, Santee, SC 29142 2,498 158;PG 30 H,B RL, FP

BR,RF,FB,C,K

S-6 Y TN, M

Sesquicentennial State Park (19) 803/788-2706 9564 Two Notch Road, Columbia, SC 29223 1,419 84;PG GL H,B PL FB,C,K S-5 Y M CCC Y

Table Rock State Park (7) 864/878-9813 158 East Ellison, Pickens, SC 29671 3,083 96;TS;PG 14 H PL, FP

BR,FB* C*,K*, PD*

S-4 Y LS*, M,N

NR,CCC

Y

Woods Bay State Natural Area (38)

843/659-4445 11020 Woods Bay Rd., Olanta, SC 29114 1,591 I PL C,K S-1 N Y

Campsites: (T) Tent Sites, (TS) Trailside, (PG) Primitive Group, (B) Boat-in, (CC) Camper Cabins Trails: (I) Interpretive, (H) Hiking, (B) Bike, (W) Walking Cabins/Villas: (LR) Lodge Rooms, (GL) Group Lodging Fishing: (PL) Park Lake, (R) River, (RL) Reservoir Lake, (FP) Fishing Pier, (O) Ocean Equestrian: (ET) Equestrian Trail, (SR) Show Ring, (ST) Stables, (EC) Camping Picnic Area: (S) # of Shelters Miscellaneous: (TN) Tennis, (CG) Carpet Golf, (A) Archery, (SK) Skeet, (LS) Lake Swimming, (M) Meeting Facility Boating: (BR) Boat Ramp, (RS) Rental Slip, (RF) In-boat Refueling, (C)Canoe Rental, (K) Kayak Rental, (FB) Fishing Boat Rental, (PD) Pedal Boat Rental Historic Resources: (CCC) Civilian Conservation Corp, (NHL) National Historic Landmark, (NR) National Register of Historic Places, (MUS) Museum, (E) Education Center, (N) Nature Center * Seasonal

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Figure 5. South Carolina State Park Service

Source: SC Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, August 2007.

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b. Scenic Rivers

South Carolina shares most of the Chattooga National Wild and Scenic River with the State of Georgia, with a portion in North Carolina. This 57-mile river corridor lies primarily within the three surrounding national forests. The Chattooga River flows from its origin un-impounded by any man-made structure for 60 miles, making it one of the longest free flowing rivers in the southeastern United States. From its North Carolina headwaters at an elevation of 3,360 feet until it flows southward into Tugaloo Lake in Georgia, the Chattooga River descends 2,469 feet in elevation – making it one of the best whitewater recreational rivers in the eastern United States. Whitewater rafting, canoeing, and kayaking are key activities on the Chattooga, along with trout fishing, hiking, primitive camping, and nature observation. Contact: USDA Forest Service

4931 Broad River Road Columbia, SC 29212-3530 803/561-4000 www.rivers.gov/wildriverslist.html

Nine South Carolina river segments have been designated State Scenic Rivers to date and several others are considered eligible under the South Carolina Scenic River Program. The program is administered by the Land, Water and Conservation Division of the SC Department of Natural Resources with the purpose of protecting the unique or outstanding scenic, recreational, geologic, botanical, fish, wildlife, historic, or cultural values of selected rivers. Scenic River corridor protection is achieved through a voluntary, cooperative, and community-based process that involves landowners, river users, public officials, and other stakeholders. Table 7 lists and describes the current National Wild and Scenic Rivers, State Scenic Rivers, and rivers determined eligible for State Scenic River status in South Carolina. Contact: SC Department of Natural Resources

Scenic Rivers Program Post Office Box 167 Columbia, SC 29202 803/734 -9100 www.dnr.sc.gov/water/envaff/river/scenicrivers.html

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Table 7. National and State Designated Scenic Rivers of South Carolina

Year Designated

/Eligible

River

Miles

Location National Wild and Scenic Rivers

1974 Chattooga River 57 Headwaters in North Carolina to Lake Tugaloo

South Carolina Scenic Rivers 1978 Middle Saluda 5 US Hwy. 276 to 1 mile above Cleveland Fish Hatchery 1990 Little Pee Dee 14 US Hwy. 378 to confluence with Great Pee Dee River 1991 Lower Saluda 10 1 mile below Lake Murray to confluence with Broad

River 1991 Broad 15 Ninety-nine Islands Hydro Plant to confluence with

Pacolet River 1994 Lynches 54 US Hwy 15 in Lee County to eastern boundary of

Lynches River County Park in Florence County 1998 Ashley 22 Sland's Bridge (US Hwy 17-A) near Summerville to

Mark Clark expressway (I-526) bridge in Charleston 2001 Black River 75 County Road #40 in Clarendon County to Pea House

Landing at end of County Road #38 in Georgetown County

2002 Great Pee Dee River 70 US 378 Bridge between Florence and Marion Counties and US 17 Bridge in Georgetown

2005 Little Pee Dee – Dillon County

48 Marlboro County line above Parish Mill Bridge on State Road 363 to confluence with Buck Swamp at Marion County line

Rivers Eligible for South Carolina Scenic River Status 1976 Congaree 37 Mouth of Congaree Creek to Southern Railroad Bridge,

2.5 miles upstream of US Hwy. 601 1986 Whitewater 1.8 NC State Line to Lake Jocassee 1986 Thompson 0.8 NC State Line to Lake Jocassee 1989 Edisto 44 US Hwy. 21 to Givhans Ferry State Park 1996 Little Pee Dee/Lumber 64 NC State Line on Lumber River to US Hwy 378 on

Little Pee Dee River Source: SC Dept. of Natural Resources, 2007.

c. State Forests The South Carolina Forestry Commission manages five state forests encompassing more than 90,000 acres in South Carolina - Sand Hills, Harbison, Poe Creek, Manchester, and Wee Tee. A wide range of outdoor recreational activities are offered and vary within each Forest. Permits available for purchase at three of the forests and by mail are required for trail activities including horseback riding, use of all terrain vehicles (ATVs), motorcycles and bicycles in three of the state forests. Permits are not required for activities in the Wee Tee State Forest. Permits from the appropriate agencies are also required for regulated activities including the operation of certain motor vehicles, the use of firearms, hunting, and fishing.

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Sand Hills State Forest contains 46,000 acres and is located in Chesterfield and Darlington Counties. Recreational opportunities include bird watching, nature study, hiking, hunting, fishing, and picnicking. Horseback riding, mountain bike riding, individual camping, and special events are also operated at Sand Hills on a fee basis. Sugar Loaf Mountain, an unusual geological phenomenon towering one hundred feet above the surrounding area, is maintained within the Forest as a family recreational area. Some of the more than 20 miles of equestrian trails and sand roads for horseback riding within the H. Cooper Black, Jr. Memorial Sporting Dog Field Trial and Recreation Area lead into the Sand Hills State Forest. The Cooper Black facility, managed by SCPRT, is the setting for national-level field trial and retriever competitions and offers facilities for field trials, retrievers, horseback riding and fox hunting – all on a modest fee basis. Additional facilities are available for rental during these events, which include stall rental, meeting room, kitchen, and full service and primitive camping sites. Manchester State Forest is located in Sumter County and contains nearly 28,000 acres, including the largest ATV trail system (18 miles) in the State. Manchester is host to popular equestrian events, such as the Governor’s Ride, that draw participants from throughout South Carolina and neighboring states. The State Forest is also the site of the High Hills of Santee Passage of the Palmetto Trail that now links the Wateree Swamp to the coastal fishing village of McClellanville in Charleston County on a continuous, uninterrupted hiking route. The 14-mile section of the Trail is adjacent to the Wateree River and provides a unique glimpse into Santee wildlife and habitats, as well as several sites of historic interest. Recreational opportunities in the Forest include hiking, hunting, fishing, picnicking, and other special events. Unique to this Forest is a rifle and pistol range open to the public on weekends and operated on a fee basis. Horseback riding, mountain biking, off-highway vehicle riding (ATVs and motorcycles), and special events are also operated on a fee basis. Harbison State Forest is located within the City of Columbia in Richland County and contains 2,177 acres. Recreational opportunities at Harbison include hiking, Scout camping, picnicking, and special events. Mountain biking, canoe access to the Broad River, and special events are operated on a fee basis. However, hunting and fishing are not allowed in Harbison State Forest. In 1997, the 5,000 square foot Harbison Environmental Education Center was opened, initiating an emphasis on natural resource and environmental education. The log building is used for environmental education workshops, teacher training, and other natural resource related meetings. The facility is complemented by a series of trails and outdoor classrooms that wind through the pine and hardwood forest surrounding the Center. The Center is available to education groups and programs free of charge and is available to other groups on a rental basis. The 12,439-acre Wee Tee State Forest, located in Williamsburg and Georgetown Counties, was acquired by the SC Forestry Commission in 2004. The Forest contains more than 12 miles of frontage on the Santee River, as well as a 200-acre lake and numerous ponds and oxbows. Recreational opportunities in Wee Tee do not require permits and include fishing, canoeing and kayaking, biking, and hiking. However, the Forest is currently open only from sunrise to sunset on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Poe Creek State Forest encompasses 1,806 acres and is located in Pickens County adjacent to the Keowee-Toxaway State Natural Area and near the Jocassee Gorges Area. It was purchased

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in 1999 and recreation opportunities include hiking, hunting, and fishing. Poe Creek State Forest is also the home of Long Shoals Wayside Park located along SC Highway 11. This popular site was developed with help from many organizations and agencies and provides access to Little Eastatoe Creek. Facilities include parking, picnic tables, restroom facilities and a short hiking trail. In addition to the five state forests, the SC Forestry Commission also owns and operates the 700-acre Piedmont Forestry Center, located in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains in Oconee County. The Center also features a facility that provides both large and small rooms for conferences, meetings and training events on a rental basis. Approximately 250 acres of the property are used as public wildlife management area and it hosts a dove field and an annual youth fishing rodeo. Contact: SC Forestry Commission

5500 Broad River Road Columbia, SC 29221 803/896-8800 www.state.sc.us/forest/

d. Heritage Preserves The South Carolina Heritage Trust Program was created in 1976 to help stem the tide of habitat loss by protecting critical endangered species sites through acquisition and other means. The SC Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) currently manages 70 State Heritage Preserves totaling 81,409 acres throughout the State. These preserves range in size from 1 acre to more than 18,000 acres and are unique natural or cultural sites set aside for protection of the resource. Recreational opportunities at most sites include trails and wildlife observation, with organized nature and historical outings, picnicking, and hunting opportunities provided at many of the preserves. A full listing of the State Heritage Preserve sites and their unique cultural and natural resource significance is provided in Appendix B.

Contact: SC Department of Natural Resources Heritage Trust Program PO Box 167 Columbia, SC 29202 803/734-3893 www.dnr.state.sc.us

e. Wildlife Management Areas The SC Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) leases a total of 820,082 acres of public and private land in the State for use as designated wildlife management areas (WMA) to provide game hunting opportunities for the public. It also manages 212,682 acres of SCDNR owned lands in the WMA program, including some Heritage Preserves. SCDNR’s Wildlife Management Area Program provides hunting opportunities on approximately 1 million acres of

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public and privately leased land. Leased land has been reduced in recent years as some landowners have withdrawn from the program. While the SCDNR mission is focused on advocacy for and stewardship of South Carolina’s natural resources, properties currently managed by the Department include more than 70 trails, 125 primitive campsites, and several picnic areas. Contact: SC Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Management Program PO Box 167 Columbia, SC 29202 803/734-3886 www.dnr.state.sc.us

f. Trails and Greenways A variety of trails and greenways have been constructed and designated throughout South Carolina, with additional trails and greenways in the planning stages. These resources are managed by a variety of agencies and community-based groups. There are more than 2,793 miles of trails in the State (Table 8). More than one-fourth (29.1%) of these trails are for water activities such as canoeing, rafting and kayaking. Nearly 541 miles (19.4%) are hiking trails and 423.9 miles (15.2%) are for hiking and mountain biking. Equestrian trails total 413.3 miles and comprise 14.8% of the State’s trails.

Table 8. South Carolina Trail Mileage by Type of Use

Trail Type Miles Percentage of Total Miles

Fitness 18.7 0.7%

Hiking 540.8 19.4%

Hiking/Mountain Biking 423.9 15.2%

Equestrian 413.3 14.8%

Interpretive* 98.6 3.5%

Motorcycle/Off Highway Vehicles 214.6 7.7%

Mountain Biking 105.9 3.8%

Multi-use** 165.7 5.9%

Water (canoeing, rafting, kayaking) 812.1 29.1%

Total Miles 2,793.6 Source: SCPRT, September 2007.

* Interpretive trails include informational stops linked to views, flora/fauna, features, etc.

** Multi-use includes several modes, usually paved and handicapped accessible.

Some of the State’s more popular trails and greenways are listed in Table 9. These trails accommodate a variety of recreational activities including hiking, fitness walking, mountain biking, ATVs and motorcycles, canoeing and kayaking, and equestrian use. Of particular note is the Palmetto Trail, which when completed will link numerous existing public lands and

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existing trail segments to form a "mountains-to-the-sea" trail. Trail opportunities in South Carolina are identified by multiple information sources, including:

� 2002 South Carolina Trails Plan, www.sctrails.net/Trails/TRAILSPROGRAM/ About%20Trails%20Program/StateTrailsPlanBook.pdf, South Carolina Department

of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, 2002.

� SC Trails website, www.SCTrails.net, South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, 2002.

� Palmetto Conservation Foundation website, www.palmettoconservation.org, Palmetto Conservation Foundation, 2002.

� Exploring South Carolina: Wild and Natural Places, Gene Able, Palmetto Byways Press, 1995.

� Favorite Family Hikes, Palmetto Conservation Foundation, 2004.

� Guide to the Foothills Trail, Third Edition, Foothills Trail Conference, 1998.

� Hiking South Carolina, John Clark and John Dantzler, Falcon Publishing, 1998.

� Hiking South Carolina Trails, Allen DeHart, The Globe Pequot Press, 1994.

� Mountain Biking South Carolina, Nicole Blouin, Falcon Publishing, 1998.

� Mountain Bridge Trails, Naturaland Trust, 1994.

� Paddling South Carolina: A Guide to Palmetto State River Trails, Third Printing, 1990, Gene Able & Jack Horan, Sandlapper Publishing Co. Inc.

� Palmetto Journal: Walks in the Natural Areas of South Carolina, Phillip Manning, John F. Blair, Publisher, 1995.

� South Carolina – A Guide to Backcountry Travel & Adventure, Morrison Giffen, Out There Press, 1997.

� South Carolina Nature Viewing Guide, Patricia Jerman for SC Dept. of Natural Resources, 1998.

� South Carolina Trails, Third Edition, Allen De Hart, Globe Pequot Press, 1994.

� The Mountain Biker's Guide to the Southeast, Lori Finley, Menasha Ridge Press and Falcon Press, 1994.

� The Waterfalls of South Carolina, 3rd

Edition, Benjamin Brooks and Tim Cook, Palmetto Conservation Foundation, 2007.

In addition to State efforts, a number of regional and local trail, bicycle and pedestrian plans have completed or are in development across the State in both rural and urban communities that will encourage outdoor recreational activities, including:

� Anne Springs Close Greenway Master Plan (Fort Mill)

� Augusta Regional Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan (Aiken County in South Carolina and Columbia and Richmond Counties in Georgia)

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� Beaufort County Trails and Blueway Master Plan

� Berkeley/Charleston/Dorchester Trail Plan

� Carolina Thread Trails (Cherokee, Chester, Lancaster and York counties in South Carolina and eleven counties in North Carolina)

� Charleston Area Transportation Study (CHATS) Bicycle Master Plan

� City of Greenville Trails Master Plan

� Colleton County Trail Plan

� Columbia Area Transportation Study (COATS) Bicycle and Pedestrian Pathways Plan (Lexington and Richland Counties)

� East Coast Greenway (linking Maine to Florida and passing through Horry, Georgetown, Berkeley, Charleston, Colleton, Beaufort, and Jasper counties)

� Hilton Head Open Space and Trails Master Plan

� Mecca Trails Plan (McCormick, Edgefield, Abbeville, and Greenwood Counties in South Carolina and Lincoln County in Georgia)

� Pee-Dee Trail Plan (Florence, Darlington, Dillon, Marlboro, Chesterfield and Marion Counties)

� Richland County Greenway Plan

� Tyger River Greenway Plan (Spartanburg County)

� Upstate Trail Plan (Pickens, Oconee, and Greenville Counties)

� York County Master Greenway Plan The South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) approved funding in 2007 for twelve public K-12 schools to develop comprehensive bicycle and pedestrian programs as part of the Safe Routes to School (SRTS) program. The federally-funded program is part of the 2005 SAFETY-LU Federal Transportation Law and is managed and administered by the SCDOT. The SRTS program is aimed at encouraging children to walk or bike to school and makes funding available for a wide variety of programs and projects – from building safer street crossings to establishing programs that encourage children and their parents to walk and bicycle safely to school. South Carolina passed the 2004 SC Safe Routes to School Act to ensure that municipal and county governments work with school districts to identify barriers and hazards for children walking or biking to school and to develop a plan for the funding of improvements designed to reduce the identified concerns.

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Table 9. Popular South Carolina Public Trails

Trail Name* Miles Use County Manager

Avery Lake Loop 2.7 Hiking York Anne Springs Close Greenway

Bull Island NRT 2.0 Hiking Charleston US Fish and Wildlife Service

Chattooga 15.5 Hiking Oconee USDA Forest Service

Edisto Nature NRT 1.5 Hiking Colleton Westvaco Forest Resources Division

Foothills Trail NRT 44.0 Hiking Oconee USDA Forest Service

Granby Garden/Mill Village 2.3 Hiking Richland Columbia Parks & Rec/River Alliance

Jones Gap NRT 5.3 Hiking Greenville SC State Park Service

Issaqueena Falls 0.2 Hiking Oconee Pendleton District Rec. & Tourism

Kings Mountain NRT 16.0 Hiking York SC State Park Service

Lake Juniper Boardwalk 0.5 Hiking Chesterfield SC State Park Service

Raven Cliff Falls 2.0 Hiking Greenville Mountain Bridge Wilderness Area

Historic Brattonsville 5.3 Hiking York Historic Brattonsville

Riverbanks Zoo 0.5 Hiking Lexington Riverbanks Zoo

Poinsett State Park 2.5 Hiking Sumter SC State Park Service

Swamp Fox NRT 42.0 Hiking Charleston USDA Forest Service

Table Rock NRT 3.4 Hiking Pickens SC State Park Service

Yellow Branch Falls 1.3 Hiking Oconee USDA Forest Service

Dillon Park/Cypress 6.01 Fitness Sumter Sumter County Rec Department

Riverfront Park/Cayce-West Columbia

5.0 Hiking/Mt. Biking Lexington Cayce & West Columbia/River Alliance

Sesquicentennial 11.5 Hiking/Mt. Biking Richland SC State Park Service

Springfield Loop 2.3 Hiking/Mt. Biking York Anne Springs Close Greenway

Palmetto Trail 220 Hiking/Mt. Biking/ Equestrian

Various Palmetto Conservation Foundation

Harbison Forest 18.0 Hiking/Mt. Biking Richland SC Forestry Commission

Pinckney Island 14.0 Hiking/Mt. Biking Beaufort US Fish and Wildlife Service

West Ashley Greenway 10.5 Hiking/Mt. Biking Charleston Charleston County Recreation

Cheraw State Rec. Area 20.3 Equestrian Chesterfield SC State Park Service

Croft State Rec. Area 21.4 Equestrian Spartanburg SC State Park Service

Long Cane Horse 23.0 Equestrian Abbeville USDA Forest Service

Lynches Woods 6.1 Equestrian Newberry Newberry Soil/Water Commission

Manchester State Forest 20.0 Equestrian Sumter SC Forestry Commission

Sand Hills State Forest 92.0 Equestrian Chesterfield SC Forestry Commission

Forks Area Trail System 25.0 Mountain Biking Edgefield USDA Forest Service

Sand Hills State Forest 9.0 Mountain Biking Chesterfield SC Forestry Commission

Stevens Creek 5.5 Mountain Biking McCormick USDA Forest Service

Turkey Creek 12.5 Mountain Biking McCormick USDA Forest Service

Manchester State Forest 17.6 Mountain Biking Sumter SC Forestry Commission

Lynches Woods 7.5 Mountain Biking Newberry Newberry Soil/Water Commission

Island Pathway 50.0 Multiuse Beaufort Town of Hilton Head

N. Augusta Greenway 7.5 Multiuse Aiken N. Augusta Parks & Recreation

Waccamaw Neck Bikeway 1.3 Multiuse Georgetown Georgetown County

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Table 9. Popular South Carolina Public Trails, Continued

Trail Name* Miles Use County Manager

TNT Motorsport Park 14.0 MC/ATV Chester TNT Motorsport Park

Manchester State Forest 19.1 MC/ATV Sumter SC Forestry Commission

Wambaw Cycle 40.0 MC Berkeley USDA Forest Service

Edisto River Canoe 50.3 Water Colleton Edisto Canoe/Kayak Commission

Chattooga River 29.0 Water Oconee Forest Service

Little Pee Dee River Heritage Preserves

38.5 Water Dillon, Horry, Marion

SC Dept. of Natural Resources

Waccamaw River Heritage Preserve

25.0 Water Horry SC Dept. of Natural Resources

Blue Heron 0.6 Interpretive Jasper Jasper Conservation District

Boardwalk Loop 2.3 Interpretive Richland Congaree Swamp National Monument

Canal Walk 2.8 Interpretive Berkeley Old Santee Canal Park

Francis Biedler Boardwalk 1.7 Interpretive Dorchester US Forest Service

Marsh Boardwalk NRT 0.4 Interpretive Beaufort SC State Park Service

Sewee Visitor Center 1.5 Interpretive Charleston US Forest Service

* NRT = National Recreational Trail; MC = Motorcycle; ATV = All Terrain Vehicle

Source: SCPRT, www.SCTrails.net

g. Scenic Highways The South Carolina Scenic Highways Committee, in partnership with the SC Department of Transportation, has designated 20 routes on more than 415 miles of road throughout the State as Scenic Highways (Table 10). South Carolina has three nationally designated Scenic Highways – the Cherokee Foothills National Scenic Highway in the Upstate, the Savannah River National Scenic Highway in the western portion of the State and the Ashley River National Scenic Highway in Charleston. The USDA Forest Service also designated 14.5 miles of SC Highway 107 in Oconee County as the Oscar Wigington Scenic Byway. The Byway winds through the Sumter National Forest along the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains, beginning at the North Carolina border and ending at the junction of SC 28 and SC 107. Designated as a National Historic Trail by the National Park Service in 1980, the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail stretches for a approximately 220 miles from Virginia, through Tennessee and North Carolina, to the Kings Mountain National Military Park in South Carolina. The Trail follows the Revolutionary War route of Patriot militia from Virginia, eastern Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia to the battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina. Approximately 40 miles of the Trail is within South Carolina, entering the State near Chesnee and roughly following SC Highway 11 through Cowpens National Battlefield, then turning east along several roads to its terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park.

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There are continued concerns about maintaining the scenic nature of many of these designated routes, given that many of the highway segments are within jurisdictions with limited land use controls to protect viewsheds. Contacts: SC Department of Transportation 955 Park Street

PO Box 191 Columbia, SC 29202 803/737-1450 www.dot.state.sc.us

SC Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism 1205 Pendleton Street Columbia, SC 29201 803/734-0233

www.discoversouthcarolina.com

Table 10. South Carolina Scenic Highways

Highway Name Mileage Description Year

Andrew Pickens Scenic Parkway

58.13 SC 11 through Oconee and Pickens Counties. This route overlaps the Cherokee Foothills Scenic Highway.

1971

Ashley River Road Scenic Highway**

10.00 Ashley River Road (SC-61) in Charleston County from Church Creek Bridge on SC 61 for 10 miles to the entrances of Old Dorchester State Park.

1998

Bohicket Road Scenic Highway

10.34 Secondary State Road 20 (Bohicket Road) in Charleston County from SC 700 south to Kiawah Island.

1974

Cherokee Foothills Scenic Highway**

117.60 SC 11 from the Town of Gaffney in Cherokee County to I-85 in Oconee County. This route overlaps the Andrew Pickens Scenic Parkway.

1971

Cowpens Battlefield Scenic Highway

8.73 Portion of SC 110 from the Town of Cowpens in Spartanburg County to the Cowpens National Battlefield in Cherokee County.

1980

Fort Johnson Road Scenic Highway

4.59 Ft. Johnson Road in Charleston County from SC 171 to S-2191.

1988

Highway 174 Scenic Highway

16.79 SC Highway 174 in Charleston County from south of the Dawhoo Bridge to the end of SC 174.

1988

Hilton Head Scenic Highway

7.85 I-95/US 278 connector route from I-95 and S-88 in Jasper County and SC 278 in Beaufort County to SC 170.

1988

James Edwin McTeer Bridge and The Causeways Scenic Highway

2.85 SC 802 in Beaufort County from SC 281 in Port Royal to US 21.

1984

Long Point Road Scenic Highway

2.07 Long Point Road in Charleston County from US 17 to Whipple Road.

1988

Mathis Ferry Road Scenic Highway

2.86 Mathis Ferry Road in Charleston County from Whipple Road to 7th Street in the Town of Mouth Pleasant.

1988

Old Sheldon Church Road Scenic Highway

7.20 Old Sheldon Church Road (S-21) from US 17/21 to the intersection of S-3 (Town of Yemassee).

2005

Riverland Drive Scenic Highway

4.85 Riverland Drive in Charleston County from S-624 (Wappo Hall Road to S-94.

1988

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Table 10. South Carolina Scenic Highways, Continued

Highway Name Mileage Description Year

Savannah River Scenic Highway**

100.02 Beginning at the intersection of SC 11 and SC 24 in Oconee County to the Georgia State Line in McCormick County. Follows along SC 11, 24, SC 187, SC 181, S-4-105, SC 81, and SC 28.

1986

S-13 2.15 S-13 in Beaufort County from S-461 to the Bluffton City Limits.

1978

S-163 1.69 S-163 in Beaufort County from US 278 to S-13. 1978

SC 170 8.36 SC 170 in Beaufort County from US 278 to the Edward Burton Rodgers Bridge.

1978

SC 46 8.97 SC 46 in Beaufort County from US 278 to the Jasper County Line.

1978

US 21 18.54 US 21 in Beaufort County from the south side of Lady’s Island Bridge to Hunting Island State Park.

1979

US 278 22.13 US 278 in Beaufort County from SC 170 to S-80 on Hilton Head Island.

1978

TOTAL 415.72

Source: SC Department of Transportation, South Carolina Scenic Byways, 2006 Report, January 2007.

** Denotes that the Scenic Highway has been designated a National Scenic Highway

h. National Forests There are 630,000 acres in two national forests in South Carolina. The Francis Marion National Forest and the Sumter National Forest offer a wide range of recreational opportunities – from world class whitewater rafting, kayaking and canoeing on the Chattooga National Wild and Scenic River to a myriad of Lowcountry experiences on blackwater rivers and swamps and in maritime forests and marshes. Recreational opportunities are diverse and include hunting (allowed on more than 600,000 of the 630,000 acres), shooting sports, white water boating, sea kayaking, freshwater and saltwater fishing, shrimping, hiking, backpacking, boat ramps, primitive camping, tent/RV camping, ATV and motorcycle riding, mountain biking, horseback riding, interpretative trails and environmental education. More than 1 million visitors use these Forests each year. The management plan for the Sumter National Forest has recently been updated and the Francis Marion National Forest management plan is under revision. The Sumter National Forest consists of more than 360,000 acres in three major blocks located in: 1) Union, Laurens, Newberry, Chester, and Fairfield Counties; 2) Abbeville, McCormick, Greenwood, Saluda and Edgefield Counties; and 3) Oconee County. Although rural in nature, all of these forest areas receive moderate to heavy use from nearby urban areas, particularly the Andrew Pickens District in Oconee County in the mountains of western South Carolina, home to the nationally renowned Chattooga National Wild and Scenic River. Much of the forest is designated as a wildlife management area, allowing hunting under SC Department of Natural Resources regulations. The Sumter National Forest has several developed recreational sites including campgrounds, primitive camps, picnic areas, boating sites, rifle ranges, and swimming areas. The Forest also maintains 420 miles of hiking, backpacking, equestrian, ATV/motorcycle, nature, and water trails (for canoeing, kayaking and rafting). Of the 420 total miles of trail, 50 miles are designated for motorcycle and ATV use. In 1974, 57 miles of the Chattooga River were designated by Congress as a National Wild and Scenic River. The

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designation encompasses 15,000 acres of national forest within a quarter mile corridor on both sides of the River. It also overlaps with the 9,000-acre Ellicott Rock Wilderness area established by Congress in 1975. The Chauga River, as well as Turkey and Stevens Creeks, have also been determined eligible for National Wild and Scenic River designation. The Francis Marion National Forest consists of approximately 250,000 acres in Charleston and Berkeley Counties, located between the Charleston metropolitan area and the Grand Strand tourism area to the north. The Forest offers a variety of developed and dispersed recreational opportunities. The Buck Hall Recreation Area was rebuilt following Hurricane Hugo and offers electrical hookups, day use, boat launch facilities, and trailhead access to the Palmetto Trail. Visitation is limited by the weather and mosquitoes – making fall, winter, and spring the more popular seasons. The Sewee Visitor and Environment and Education Center is located on US Highway 17 and operated in cooperation with the Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge. Francis Marion National Forest has approximately 165 miles of trails. Of these, 40 miles are designated for motorcycle and ATV use. The remaining trail miles are for non-motorized uses such as hiking, backpacking, horseback riding, mountain biking and canoeing/kayaking. Mountain bikes are allowed on hiking trails, off-road vehicle trails, horse trails, and roads. There are no trails designated for four-wheel drive vehicles. The Forest includes two shooting ranges, several fishing areas, and a number of boat ramps. Most of the Francis Marion National Forest is included in the Wildlife Management Area program for hunting. Four areas have been identified as federally designated wilderness – Wambaw Swamp, Little Wambaw Swamp, Hell Hole Bay, and Wambaw Creek.

Contact: USDA Forest Service 4931 Broad River Road Columbia, SC 29212-3530 803/561-4000 www.fs.fed.us/r8/fms

i. National Parks

South Carolina is home to several nationally-significant park, monument, military, battlefield and historic sites. Congaree National Park is the largest of these sites at more than 22,000 acres. Other national park sites preserve and/or interpret sites from the Revolutionary and Civil Wars. Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie National Monuments in Charleston County are two of the most visited National Park Service properties in the State. Other historic sites include Kings Mountain National Military Park in York and Cherokee Counties, Cowpens National Battlefield in Cherokee County, Charles Pinckney National Historic Site (home site of a signer of the Declaration of Independence) in Charleston County, and Ninety Six National Historic Site in Greenwood County. These national park sites offer opportunities to explore the history of the nation through historic buildings, documentaries, displays, trails, and tours. The Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail extends 45 of its 330 total miles into South Carolina. Located in Cherokee and Spartanburg Counties, the Trail traces and commemorates the route of the American militia to the battle of Kings Mountain and their defeat of the British Army in 1780. The entire 330-mile trail passes through portions of Virginia, Tennessee, North

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Carolina and South Carolina. The South Carolina portion includes the final 45 miles on the route leading to the battlefield. Parts of the historic trail can be traversed at Cowpens National Battlefield and Kings Mountain National Military Park. Located in Richland County, Congaree National Park preserves the largest tract of old-growth bottomland hardwood forest remaining in the United States. The Park was the 57th national park designated nationwide and is the only national park in South Carolina. The 22,200-acre Park offers an opportunity to observe record-size trees (a 16-story Loblolly Pine is the tallest in the nation) and outstanding biological diversity (700 different species of plants) via 34.3 miles of hiking trails, a 2.4 mile boardwalk loop trail, and a wilderness canoe trail. The Park has areas for group camping and allows primitive camping. Fishing is allowed in most areas of the Park. The Congaree National Park received its national park designation in 2003 (it was formerly designated as a national monument and wilderness area) and has been named a National Natural Landmark, an International Biosphere Reserve, and a Globally Important Bird Area. Contacts: Congaree National Park

100 National Park Road Hopkins, SC 29061-9118 803/776-4396 www.nps.gov/cosw

Cowpens National Battlefield 4001 Chesnee Highway Gaffney, SC 29341 864/461-2828 www.nps.gov/cowp

Fort Sumter National Monument Fort Moultrie National Monument 1214 Middle Street Sullivans Island, SC 29482 843/883-3123 www.nps.gov/fosu

Kings Mountain National Military Park 2625 Park Road Blacksburg, SC 29702 864/936-7921 www.nps.gov/kimo

Ninety Six National Historic Site 1103 Highway 248 Ninety Six, SC 29666 864/543-4068 www.nps.gov/nisi

Charles Pinckney National Historic Site 1214 Middle Street Sullivans Island, SC 29482 843/881-5516 www.nps.gov/chpi

Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail 2635 Park Road Blacksburg, SC 29072 864/936-3477 www.nps.gov/ovvi

j. National Wildlife Refuges There are eight national wildlife refuges in South Carolina. Established in 1997, the Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge is the State’s newest refuge and includes portions of the

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Great Pee Dee, Little Pee Dee, and Waccamaw Rivers in Horry, Marion and Georgetown Counties. The Waccamaw Refuge currently consists of 9,000 acres, but has been approved for more than 55,000 acres. The refuge provides opportunities for fishing, canoeing/kayaking, hiking, and limited hunting, as well as wildlife observation and environmental education. The Ernest F. Hollings ACE Basin National Wildlife Refuge was acquired as part of the overall conservation project for the lower basin of the Ashepoo, Combahee, and Edisto Rivers. The Refuge is part of the ACE Basin Project, a joint venture in which the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the SC Department of Natural Resource, the Nature Conservancy, and Ducks Unlimited are working with private landowners to protect and enhance the natural resources of the ACE Basin. The refuge includes 11,815 acres located in Charleston and Colleton Counties. It has the potential to encompass 18,000 acres through the completion of the voluntary sale of additional private holdings. The ACE Basin Refuge consists of two separate units – the Combahee Unit located near Yemassee (7,200 acres) and the Edisto Unit on the old Grove Plantation near Adams Run (4,564 acres). The Grove Plantation House, built in 1828, is one of only three antebellum mansions in the ACE Basin area to survive the Civil War. Recreational activities include hiking on 9 miles of trails/access roads, fishing in the tidal creeks and freshwater streams, a limited hunting program for waterfowl and deer, wildlife observation, photography, and nature study. Other national wildlife refuges include the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge in Jasper County, consisting of 28,168 acres of freshwater marshes, tidal rivers, creeks, and bottomland hardwoods and offering a nature drive, 40 miles of earthen dikes open to walking and bicycling, boating/canoeing/kayaking in navigable waterways, and wildlife observation opportunities. The Pinckney Island National Wildlife Refuge in Beaufort County covers 4,053 acres and offers fishing by boat, limited deer hunting, hiking on 14 miles of trails (8 trails), bicycling, and nature observation. The Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge is located in Charleston County, spanning 66,267 acres (including 20 miles of the Atlantic coast) and providing fishing, hunting, and wildlife observation opportunities in a wide range of environments including barrier islands, salt marshes, coastal waterways, fresh and brackish water impoundments, and maritime forest. The 15,095-acre Santee National Wildlife Refuge in Clarendon County stretches for 18 miles along the northern shore of Lake Marion and hosts a visitors center, 4 miles of trails, fishing and a wildlife observation tower. The Carolina Sand

Hills National Wildlife Refuge in Chesterfield County consists of 45,348 acres equipped with wildlife observation towers, photography blinds, interpretive displays, more than 4 miles of hiking trails, and picnicking facilities. The 100-acre Tybee National Wildlife Refuge in Jasper County is an important resting and feeding area for migratory birds and is therefore closed to public use. However, wildlife observation and photography are allowed by boat. Contacts: Ernest F. Hollings ACE Basin National

Wildlife Refuge PO Box 848 Hollywood, SC 29449 843/889-3804 www.fws.gov/acebasin

Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge 5801 Highway 17 North Awendaw, SC 29429 843/928-3264 www.fws.gov/caperomain

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Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge 23734 Highway 1 McBee, SC 29101 843/335-8401 912-832-4608 www.fws.gov/carolinasandhills

Santee National Wildlife Refuge 2125 Fort Watson Road Summerton, SC 29148 803/478-2217 www.fws.gov/santee

Pinckney Island National Wildlife Refuge 1000 Business Center Drive, Suite 10 Savannah, Georgia 31405 912/832-4608 www.fws.gov/pinckneyisland

Savannah National Wildlife Refuge 1000 Business Center Drive, Suite 10 Savannah, Georgia 31405 912/652-4415 www.fws.gov/savannah

Tybee National Wildlife Refuge 1000 Business Center Drive, Suite 10 Savannah, Georgia 31405 912/652-4415 www.fws.gov/tybee

Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge 1601 N. Fraser Street Georgetown, SC 29440 843/527-8069 www.fws.gov/waccamaw

k. Army Corps of Engineers Facilities The US Army Corps of Engineers, Savannah District, manages 325,000 acres of land and water along the Savannah River. The three lake projects – Hartwell Dam and Lake (55,950 acres of water and 23,566 acres of land), Richard B. Russell Dam and Lake (26,653 acres of water and 27,019 acres of land), and J. Strom Thurmond Dam and Lake (70,000 acres of water and 80,701 acres of land) – are among the largest Corps projects in the country. On Hartwell and J. Strom Thurmond Lakes, the Corps operates and maintains more than 90 recreation areas and leases many additional recreation areas to State and local agencies as well as private entities for operation and maintenance. The Corps operates only 2 small recreation facilities on Richard B. Russell Lake because the project was constructed on a cost-share basis with the States of South Carolina and Georgia. Visitors to all three Lakes enjoy a wide range of recreational activities including water sports, hunting, hiking, picnicking, camping, boat ramps and fishing (Table 11). However, each lake provides a unique setting for these activities. Lake Hartwell is located near a major population center, with more than 10 million visitors annually (the 3rd most visited Corps project in the country), and is very suburban in nature. Lake Russell offers a more rural, natural setting with protected shorelines and draws more than a million visitors annually. Lake Thurmond, with its large lake and land base, offers a combination of suburban and rural environments and provides unique features such as the Dorn Sport Fishing and Boating facility – the largest boat-launching facility in the southeast. More than 6.3 million persons visit Lake Thurmond each year.

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Table 11. Recreational Facilities at Thurmond, Hartwell and Russell Lakes

Facilities Thurmond Hartwell Russell

Corps-operated Recreation Areas 37 54 2

State-operated Recreation Areas 7 4 21

Locally-operated Recreation Areas 6 23 1

Marina Leases 5 5 1

Contact: US Army Corps of Engineers Savannah District PO Box 889 Savannah, Georgia 31402-0889 912/652-5279 www.sas.usace.army.mil/lakes

l. Local Facilities

Local governments in South Carolina also maintain significant park areas and facilities. According to the most recent inventory available, SCPRT’s 1998 Study of Local Government

Parks and Recreation Departments in South Carolina, these local facilities include more than 1,368 athletic fields; 187 community centers; 55 swimming pools; 591 playgrounds; 780 tennis courts; 456 outdoor and 124 indoor basketball courts; 396 picnic shelters; 118 tracks for walking, jogging, and running; 368 trails for walking, biking, hiking, horseback riding, and ATVs; and 41 water trails for canoeing and kayaking. Schools are utilized by the majority of the local recreation departments to supplement community facilities. Funding for local government facilities, programs, and operations has been increasingly constrained by limits on taxing authority, fragmented jurisdictions, cumbersome annexation procedures, decreasing grant programs, and significant population growth. Additional information on local recreational opportunities in each community and referral contacts can be accessed through the SC Recreation and Parks Association. Contact: SC Parks and Recreation Association

PO Box 1046 Lexington, SC 29071 803/808-7753 www.scrpa.org

m. Other Facilities Museums, art exhibits, and other cultural facilities are provided by numerous organizations including the SC Arts Commission, the SC Department of Archives and History, Patriots Point Development Authority, the SC Museum Commission, the SC State Library, and various local governmental, institutional, non-profit, and private organizations.

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Contacts: SC Arts Commission 1800 Gervais Street Columbia, SC 29201 803/734-8696 www.state.sc.us/arts

SC Archives and History 8301 Parklane Road Columbia, SC 29223 803/896-6168 www.state.sc.us/scdah

SC State Library PO Box 11469 Columbia, SC 29211 803/734-8666 www.state.sc.us/scsl

SC State Museum PO Box 100107 Columbia, SC 29202-3107 803/898-4921 www.museum.state.sc.us

Patriots Point Development Authority 40 Patriots Point Road Mount Pleasant, SC 29464-4377 843/884-2727 www.patriotspoint.org

n. Grant Resources Traditional Federal funding sources for outdoor recreation have continued to decline in recent years. However, the State offers several grant opportunities to support recreation initiatives, most of which are administered through SCPRT. Additional opportunities are available through the SC Department of Archives and History and the SC Department of Transportation. Additional public and private grant sources that fund recreation or related projects are listed in Appendix C. � Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) – LWCF is a federally-funded grant program

administered by SCPRT for the acquisition and development of outdoor recreation areas. LWCF funds are available only for local or state agencies. Grants provided under the program require a 50% match and are reimbursable. The minimum grant request is $25,000 and the maximum amount is $250,000. However, if the proposed project is determined to have regional or statewide significance it may be eligible for funding up to $500,000. Because Federal funding for the LWCF program fluctuates annually, appropriations are not stable and cannot be estimated with any certainty.

Contact: SC Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Recreation, Planning and Engineering Office 1205 Pendleton Street, Suite 246 Columbia, SC 29201 803/734-0173 www.scprt.com/our-partners/grants/lwcf.aspx

� Recreation Land Trust Fund (RELT) – Administered through SCPRT, RELT funds are available from the State to local governmental entities for the acquisition of land for public

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recreation purposes. The maximum amount that can be applied for under the RELT program is $25,000. However, if the project is determined to have regional or statewide significance, it may be eligible for funding up to $100,000. SCPRT anticipates that $250,000 will be available for this program in the upcoming 28008-2009 program year.

Contact: SC Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Recreation, Planning and Engineering Office 1205 Pendleton Street, Suite 246 Columbia, SC 29201 803/734-0173 www.scprt.com/our-partners/grants/relt.aspx

� Recreational Trails Program (RTP) – RTP is a federally-funded grant program available to

state, Federal and local government agencies or qualified private organizations for the purpose of building or improving trails. In South Carolina, SCPRT administers RTP as a reimbursable grant program that requires a 20% match for trail projects across the State. The minimum grant amount available under the program is $10,000, with a maximum of $100,000. Motorized projects are eligible for the maximum amount of motorized funding available. The RTP program budget is established and updated under the Federal Transportation Bill every six years. Future funding is expected to remain at the current annual level of approximately $1 million.

Contact: SC Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Recreation, Planning and Engineering Office 1205 Pendleton Street, Suite 246 Columbia, SC 29201 803/734-0173 www.scprt.com/our-partners/grants/trails.aspx and www.SCTrails.net

� Parks and Recreation Development Fund (PARD) – PARD is a state-funded, non-competitive reimbursable grant program for eligible local governments or special purpose districts which provide recreational opportunities within each county. The actual grant awards are made on a project-by-project basis. The funds are used for permanent indoor or outdoor improvements to public parks and recreation facilities. These projects must consist of new development, not maintenance. Each applicant must have the endorsement of its county legislative delegation members with a combined weight factor of more than 50%. Eligible project costs will be reimbursed at a rate of 80% (80/20 match). New allocations are received in July of every year, with available funds varying from year to year.

Contact: SC Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Recreation, Planning and Engineering Office 1205 Pendleton Street, Suite 246 Columbia, SC 29201 803/734-0173 www.scprt.com/our-partners/grants/pard.aspx

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� Tourism Partnership Fund (TPF) – The purpose of the TPF program is to attract visitors and encourage visitor spending that will advance the economic benefits of tourism throughout South Carolina and position the State as a premiere travel destination. It provides a competitive grant process in which funds are awarded to local governmental entities, destination marketing organizations, public sector organizations, and other 501(c) non-profit groups. Funding categories include: Established Markets, Developing Markets, Sports Markets, Attractions, Festival or Events and Sponsorship Grants and are awarded once during the fiscal year on a reimbursement, cash-match basis.

Contact: SC Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Tourism Marketing Partnership Fund 1205 Pendleton Street, Suite 110 Columbia, SC 29201 803/734-0132 www.tpfgrant.com

� Heritage Corridor Development Grants – The SC National Heritage Corridor Development Grant Program assists communities and non-profit organizations located within the 14-county SC National Heritage Corridor in developing, implementing, and maintaining a successful heritage tourism attraction or program that benefits residents and attracts visitors to the area. These 50/50 matching grants are focused on assisting eligible communities to develop their historical, cultural and natural assets so they may contribute to the sustainable

economic revitalization of the Heritage Corridor region. Grant projects must fall into one of the three following categories: Planning, Product Development and Marketing, and Visitor Services. Projects that directly impact the visitor experience and that demonstrate a high degree of sustainability are given greater consideration.

Contact: SC Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism The South Carolina Heritage Corridor 1205 Pendleton Street Columbia, SC 29201 803/338-4841 www.scprt.com/our-partners/grants/heritagegrant.aspx and http://sc-heritagecorridor.org/html/grantprogram.htm

� Historic Preservation Grant Program – The South Carolina Department of Archives and History administers the State’s Historic Preservation Grant Program through funding provided by the US Department of Interior’s National Park Service. The program began in 1987 and has awarded more than $1.2 million for stabilization and weatherization projects to date. Grant awards range from $2,500 to $25,000, with a maximum award of $30,000. Approximately $100,000 is available yearly for grants, with 10% allocated annually per Federal regulation to projects for Certified Local Governments (CLGs) in the form of matching grants. There are currently 25 CLGs in the State including the Cities of Aiken, Anderson, Beaufort, Bennettsville, Charleston, Chester, Columbia, Conway, Darlington, Dillon, Georgetown, Greenville, Laurens, Rock Hill, Spartanburg, Sumter and York; the Towns of Bluffton, Cheraw, Chesterfield, Fort Mill, Lexington, McClellanville, and Mount Pleasant; and Horry County. Grant applications may be made under two project categories:

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� Survey and Planning Projects – Any governmental entity, non-profit organization, or institution may apply for funding under this category, including churches and other religious organizations. Funding under this program can be used for a variety of historic preservation projects including identifying, recording and recognizing historic properties; planning for historic districts and multiple historic properties; strengthening local government historic preservation programs; and planning for individual historic properties.

� Stabilization Projects – Grants for stabilization projects may only be used in cities and towns that are CLGs, and may be applied for by the CLG, or any non-profit organization or institution within the incorporated limits of a CLG, as long as the grant application includes the signature of the Chief Elected Official of the CLG. CLG grant funds may be used to help pay for stabilization repairs to National Register buildings, excluding churches and church-owned property.

Contact: SC Department of Archives and History 8301 Parklane Road Columbia, SC 29223-4905 803/896-6172 www.state.sc.us/scdah/fedbro.htm � Transportation Enhancement Program Grants – Since 1992, the SCDOT has allocated a

portion of Federal funds for the Transportation Enhancement Program. The program is designed to allow local governments the opportunity to construct a range of non-traditional transportation related facilities to accommodate activities such as bicycle and pedestrian facilities, streetscaping, scenic and landscaping programs, and historic preservation. Funds are provided through the Federal Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation

Equity Act (SAFETEA-LU). Awards are made via two processes. The State’s ten Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO’s) access funds through the regional policy committee planning and prioritization process, while projects outside MPO areas are approved separately through a competitive selection process. Grants are awarded on an 80/20 matching basis for projects, with eligible matching resources including either cash or in-kind.

Contact: SC Department of Transportation Office of Beautification Program Outreach 955 Park Street, Room 120B Columbia, SC 29201-3959 803/737-1953 www.scdot.org/community/tep_app.shtml

2. PRIVATE FACILITIES Private recreation facilities for public use are available in many forms – as baseball/softball fields provided by companies or civic groups; swimming, fishing and picnic areas provided by power companies; and campgrounds, marinas, golf courses, historic sites, and state-leased hunting lands. Many of these facilities charge user fees. There are also other private recreation

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resources which are not available to the general public but are open only to members and guests. All of these facilities charge user fees. These include facilities such as golf courses, hunt clubs, marinas, tennis clubs, campgrounds, motel swimming pools, and various indoor facilities. Although private sector investment in recreation over the next five years is difficult to project, it is anticipated that both types of private recreation resources will continue to provide significant shares of the total amount of recreation access in South Carolina. SCPRT and other agencies will continue to work with private groups, when possible, to promote privately-owned or privately-maintained recreation resources which are open to the general public. Of particular note are the private, non-profit land trusts that are being created throughout the State in response to growing development pressures. These organizations have become very active in the protection of natural and cultural resources through the permanent protection of properties from development. This is usually achieved by obtaining identified lands through donation or purchase, or by receiving conservation easements which restrict future development of the property. Conservation easements, a common protection tool, allow the land to remain in the hands of the original landowner, who becomes eligible for tax incentives. The land trust assumes responsibility for management of the resource. Often, conservation easements do not provide for public recreation, as the easements are individual agreements between the land trust and the private landowner. However, some easement agreements do provide for recreation (such as trails or greenways) and even nature-based tourism. Several land trusts are also active in identifying land for future conservation purchase and holding the land under option while public agencies can identify funding sources to support the acquisition. According to the 2005 National Land Trust Census Report by the Land Trust Alliance, more than 176,460 acres of land were protected by private local and state land trusts in South Carolina during 2005, resulting in a ranking of 17th nationwide in terms of protected acreage. The State ranked 29th nationally and 9th out of the 10 Southeastern states (ahead of only Florida) in terms of increase in land area protected, with an increase of 81% from 2000 to 2005. By comparison, the increase in the land area protected during the 5-year period throughout the Southeast region was 140% compared to the percentage increase protected nationwide at only 96%. The Southeast ranked only behind the Southwest region which increased by 148%. Table 12 provides a listing of member organizations in the South Carolina Land Trust Network. While most are land trusts, some provide resources and support to land trust organizations in the State.

Table 12. South Carolina Land Trust Network

Land Trusts Contact Information Area Served

Aiken County Open Land Trust Dr. Harry Shealy, President

704 S. Boundary Ave. SE, Aiken, SC 29801

803/641-3404

Aiken

Barnwell

Audubon Society of SC Norm Burnswig, Executive Director

336 Sandbury Rd., Harleyville, SC 29448

843/462-2713

Statewide

Beaufort County Open Land Trust Cindy Baysden, Executive Director

PO Box 75, Beaufort, SC 29901

843/521-2175

Beaufort County

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Table 12. South Carolina Land Trust Network, Continued

Land Trusts Contact Information Area Served

Black Creek Land Trust John J. James, II

PO Box 647, Darlington, SC 29540

843/393-3881

Darlington

Chattooga Land Trust Ed Kizer, Executive Director

PO Box 927

Clayton, GA 30525

864/647-0615

Chattooga River

Watershed

GA, NC, SC

Community Open Land Trust Sue Sommer Green, Executive Director

PO Box 1605

Lexington, SC 29071

803/996-0617

GA, NC, SC

Congaree Land Trust Jane Clarke, Executive Director

PO Box 232, Columbia, SC 29202

803/988-0000

Richland, Lexington,

Sumter, Fairfield,

Orangeburg, Bamberg,

Clarendon, Williamsburg

Ducks Unlimited, Inc. (Lowcountry

Initiative)

Edwin Cooper

3896 Leeds Avenue

North Charleston, SC 29405

843/745-7881

Statewide

Edisto Island Open Land Trust Marian Brailsford, Executive Director

PO Box 1, Edisto Island, SC 29438

843/869-9004

Colleton, Charleston –

Only Edisto Island

Katawba Valley Land Trust Paul Gettys

PO Box 450, Rock Hill, SC 29731

803/285-9455

Lancaster, Chester

Kiawah Island Natural Habitat

Conservancy, Inc.

Norman Norton, Chairman

514 Ruddy Turnstone

Johns Island, SC 29455

843/768-1878

Kiawah Island

Lord Berkeley Conservation Trust Barry Jurs, Executive Director

233 North Live Oak Drive, Room A-5

Moncks Corner, SC 29461

843/719-4150

Berkeley

Lowcountry Open Land Trust Will Haynie, Executive Director

485 East Bay Street

Charleston, SC 29403

843/577-0501

Charleston, Georgetown,

Horry, Berkeley, Jasper,

Dorchester, Colleton,

Beaufort, Allendale,

Hampton

Nation Ford Land Trust Jeff Updike, Executive Director

PO Box 431

Fort Mill, SC 29716

803/547-8140

York

Naturaland Trust Tommy Wyche

PO Box 728

Greenville, SC 29602

864/235-8900

Greenville

Palmetto Conservation Foundation Ken Driggers

1314 Lincoln Street, Suite 213

Columbia, SC 29201

803/771-0870

Statewide

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Table 12. South Carolina Land Trust Network, Continued

Land Trusts Contact Information Area Served

Pee Dee Land Trust PO Box 4

Darlington, SC 29540

843/618-7888

Chesterfield, Darlington,

Dillon, Florence, Marion,

Georgetown, Marlboro,

Williamsburg

Friends of the Reedy River Land

Trust

Dan Trout, Executive Director

PO Box 9351

Greenville, SC 29604

864/255-8946

Greenville, Laurens

SC Battleground Preservation Trust Bob Scarborough

PO Box 12441

Charleston, SC 29422

843/556-1995

Statewide – focus

battleground areas

Spartanburg Conservation

Endowment

Mary Walter

PO Box 18168

Spartanburg, SC 29318-8168

864/948-0000

Spartanburg, Union,

Cherokee

Southeast Program, Land Trust

Alliance

Kevin Brice

711 Iredell Street

Durham, NC 27705

919/286-9260

Southeast Office of LTA

for AL, AR, FL, GA, KY,

LA, MS, NC, SC, TN

The Nature Conservancy Ashley Demosthenes

PO Box 20246

Charleston, SC 29413

843/937-8807, ext. 11

Statewide

Upper Savannah Land Trust Peggy Adams

704 Chinquapin Road

Greenwood, SC 29646

864/223-7804

Edgefield, Greenwood,

Saluda, Laurens,

Abbeville, McCormick,

Newberry

Upstate Forever Brad Wyche

PO Box 2308

Greenville, SC 29602

864/250-0500

Greenville, Spartanburg,

Laurens, Union, Pickens,

Oconee, Anderson,

Cherokee

Waccamaw Land Trust David Serrano

3700 Clay Pond Road

Myrtle Beach, SC 29579

843/903-6307

Horry, Georgetown,

Marion

SCDNR Heritage Trust Program Barry Beasley

PO Box 167

Columbia, SC 29202

803/734-3912

Statewide Heritage Trust

Program

SCDNR – Land, Water &

Conservation Division

Von Snelgrove

PO Box 167

Columbia, SC 29292

803/734-6360

Soil and water

conservation districts

Statewide

Trust for Public Lands Slade Gleaton

2 Burns Lane

Charleston, SC 29401

843/853-5880

Statewide

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Table 12. South Carolina Land Trust Network, Continued

Related Resources Contact Information Area Served

The Conservation Fund Jason Johnson

7580 Charlotte Highway, Suite 800

Ft. Mill, SC 29707

803/829-8054

Statewide

SC Conservation Bank Marvin Davant, Executive Director

PO Box 167

Columbia, SC 29202

803/734-3986

Statewide

3. OTHER RESOURCES South Carolina is blessed with a wealth of natural resources which have special attraction for outdoor recreation. Rivers, wetlands and historic and culturally-significant sites contribute to the State’s rich recreation environment.

a. Rivers Though seriously impacted by recent drought conditions, South Carolina’s rivers have historically been abundant and accessible, providing a myriad of recreational opportunities for residents throughout the State. Most notable among these river resources are the Chattooga National Wild and Scenic River and nine designated South Carolina Scenic Rivers, as discussed previously in this chapter. The South Carolina Rivers Assessment, completed by the SC Water Resources Commission in 1988, identified the significance of the State’s rivers and river segments for natural, economic, cultural, and recreational resources. Values were assigned in 14 distinct resource categories as shown in Table 13. The study assessed more than 11,000 miles of rivers and streams. Key findings of the study included:

� The river resources of South Carolina are significant to the Southeastern United States in the range of beneficial public uses that they provide.

� More than 1,400 rivers and river segments in the State were listed under the value classification system for which they possessed at least one or more significant river-related resource values.

� Approximately 34,776 river miles, or more than three times the State's total river miles, were classified for significant natural, cultural, economic, and recreational resource values. Many of the rivers were evaluated in more than one resource category. As shown in Table 11, the total number of miles receiving classification under the study reflects the overlapping evaluation of rivers among multiple resource categories.

� Fifteen of the 1,400 rivers and river segments evaluated in South Carolina were found to have some significance (local, regional, statewide, or greater than statewide) in eleven or more resource categories. These rivers and river segments included:

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Black River Edisto River Saluda River Broad River Great Pee Dee River Savannah River Catawba River Little Pee Dee River South Fork Edisto River Combahee River North Fork Edisto River Waccamaw River Congaree River Salkehatchie River Wateree River

� The resource categories of wildlife habitat, recreational fishing and inland fisheries had

the highest percentages of the State's river miles that were ranked of statewide or greater significance.

� Seven of South Carolina's rivers were found to have statewide or greater than statewide significance in seven or more resource categories.

� There is considerable support from private and public river interests in sound management and decision-making regarding the river resources of South Carolina.

Class 1 Rivers represent superior resources of statewide or greater significance; Class 2 Rivers are considered outstanding resources of regional significance; Class 3 Rivers are determined as significant resources of local significance; and Class 4 River resources remain unknown and require further research and documentation. The totals in Table 13 may vary due to rounding.

Table 13. Summary of Resource Category River Miles in South Carolina

Value Class River Miles Resource Category 1 2 3 4

Total Miles

Agricultural 516 678 2,615 65 3,875 Historic/Cultural 633 162 294 1 1,091 Industrial 598 561 1,126 60 2,345 Inland Fisheries 1,364 1,448 840 48 3,699 Natural Features 462 873 687 627 2,650 Recreational Boating � Whitewater 120 39 43 - 202

� Flatwater 789 658 475 - 1,922

� Backcountry 963 680 360 60 2,063 Recreational Fishing 1,031 598 738 232 2,600 Timber � Segments Only 748 1,723 1,508 - 3,979

� Entire Rivers 1,273 153 - - 1,426

� Total 2,021 1,876 1,508 - 5,405 Undeveloped 978 872 204 - 2,054 Urban 34 41 13 28 116 Utilities* 289 466 - - 755 Water Quality 360 114 795 - 1,270 Water Supply 401 774 136 - 1,311 Wildlife 1,747 1,451 1,571 73 4,843 Total Miles 11,034 11,139 11,407 1,196 34,776

* For the “Utilities” resource category, Value Class 1 = Active; Value Class 2 = Active Reserve.

Source: South Carolina Rivers Assessment, SC Water Resources Commission, 1988.

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b. Wetlands Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, comparable to rain forests and coral reefs. Unfortunately, the US Fish and Wildlife Service report entitled Wetlands Losses in the

United States, 1780s to 1980s, estimates that wetlands in South Carolina decreased by 27% during the last century, resulting in a loss of more than 1.75 million acres of wetlands. Because wetlands provide numerous benefits for humans, it is important to encourage their protection. In addition to providing habitat for plants and wildlife, estuarine wetlands provide critical habitat for a majority of the commercial fish and shellfish consumed in the United States. According to information provided by the SC Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC), 96% of the commercial catch and more than 50% of the recreational catch in the Southeast consists of fish and shellfish that depend on estuary/coastal wetland systems. Coastal wetlands also act as a buffer to protect shore areas from waves and storms and help to reduce and even prevent erosion. Ninety percent (90%) of the State’s wetlands are freshwater wetlands. Freshwater wetlands can store stormwater to reduce flooding, as well as purify water by holding and breaking down pollutants and by trapping silt or soil so that it settles in the wetlands instead of clogging up nearby streams. Some wetlands store water in the rainy season and release the water later into nearby aquifers or underground streams. This cycle recharges the groundwater that supplies many South Carolinians with drinking water. There are also aesthetic values to wetlands in that they provide opportunities for boating, fishing, hunting and nature watching. People who hunt, fish, crab, hike, walk and boat, and those who observe and photograph birds in wetlands spend nearly $10 billion a year on their hobbies. Wetlands also provide valuable educational experiences for all ages. Scientists have linked atmospheric maintenance as an additional beneficial wetland function. Wetlands store carbon within their plant communities and soil (plants use carbon dioxide to photosynthesize) instead of releasing it to the atmosphere. Thus, wetlands even play a role in moderating global climate conditions. The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) describes isolated ponds and wetlands as temporary freshwater features found embedded in other habitats. Examples include Carolina Bays, limesinks, flatwoods ponds and pocosins. While these waterbodies differ in their geologic origin and geomorphology, they are typically isolated from flowing streams, particularly any inflows. Occasionally these waterbodies will have an outflow "stream" that only flows when exceptionally heavy rains fill the pond above full pool. These isolated ponds and wetlands are vital to many species, particularly to amphibians as breeding ponds. Abundant grasses and sedges found at the edges of these waterbodies provide habitat structure for many species of amphibian larvae. Adjacent upland habitats are equally important to amphibian species. Although the waterbodies are used for breeding and nursery areas for the larval stages of these animals, they require appropriate upland habitat as adults. The South Carolina Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy has identified a number of Species of Greatest Conservation Need that rely on isolated ponds and wetlands. Included are

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19 amphibians, two freshwater fishes and 7 varieties of crayfish categorized as the highest

priority or high priority for conservation. South Carolina is blessed with a variety of wetlands including coastal marshes and estuaries; swamps, bogs, isolated wetlands; and transitional areas around lakes, bays, ponds and rivers. Because of the many benefits of all of these types of wetlands, it is important to protect and conserve these areas for future generations. While more than 30 agencies and organizations in South Carolina have a direct interest in wetlands and wetland preservation, there is no comprehensive state program for wetlands protection. Many factors affect wetlands and are leading to their loss or degradation. In addition to natural influences, the human impacts of urban development, pond construction, draining for agriculture, and pollution have resulted in wetland loss or degradation. Loss of any wetlands, especially through filling, increases runoff with a subsequent loss of the wetland functions for flood control, groundwater recharge, and water quality improvement. Of particular concern is the conservation of unique isolated freshwater wetlands such as Carolina Bays. Existing State programs are tied to the Federal program, which is pursuant to Section 404 of the Federal Clean Water Act. The US Army Corps of Engineers administers a permitting program for the deposition of dredged or fill material into navigable waters, including wetlands, and evaluates these discharges according to the 404(b)(1) guidelines developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. SC DHEC has historically reviewed the US Army Corps of Engineers permits for activities that alter wetlands in South Carolina. Through both the Bureau of Water’s Section 401 water quality certification and the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management’s coastal zone consistency certifications, DHEC is able to regulate activities, most notably the placement of fill material in wetlands. Increasingly, citizen groups and non-profit agencies (especially land trusts) have mobilized and, in many cases, partnered with governmental agencies to protect and restore wetlands. As testament to the growing interest in wetlands preservation, several significant studies concerning South Carolina’s wetlands have been completed in recent years. These include the South Carolina Wetlands Study: A Component of the State Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCPRT, 1988), the Southeast Regional Wetlands Concept Plan (USFWS, 1990), and the Assessing

Change in the Edisto River Basin: An Ecological Characterization (SC Water Resources Commission, 1993). The SCPRT study identified agencies and organizations involved in wetlands management, considered existing and proposed wetlands protection mechanisms, assessed wetlands resources, identified loss and degradation factors, evaluated protection methods, and established priority wetland types for acquisition. South Carolina has approximately 4.6 million acres of wetlands that comprise nearly one-fourth of the State’s total land area. The SCPRT study acknowledged that South Carolina’s wetlands are important to outdoor recreation because they support fishing, hunting, boating, wildlife observation and photography, nature study, swimming, camping, hiking, historic sites, and walking for pleasure. Plants and wildlife are abundant and many endangered, rare, or uncommon species exist in these areas. The SCPRT study and the SCDNR Heritage Trust Program identified inland freshwater wetlands,

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such as Carolina bays and bottomland hardwood forests, as the most threatened wetland resources. The US Fish and Wildlife Service report identified loss, threat, and function and values for the wetland types in South Carolina. The conversion of freshwater wetlands accounts for the greatest percentage of wetland loss for the State. The study also identified specific sites for priority acquisition or preservation. These initial fifteen sites are shown in Table 12 with additional sites to be considered as new assessment information becomes available. An overall wetland protection goal developed by SC Department of Natural Resources recognizes the need for protection of certain rare wetland habitat types. The following wetland habitats, as described in The Natural Communities of South Carolina by John Nelson, should be considered primary protection targets:

� Atlantic white cedar bogs � Limestone sinks � Piedmont seepage forests � Pond pine/cypress savannahs � Herb bogs � Seepage and streamhead pocosins

According to the SC Department of Natural Resources, wetlands in State Scenic River corridors are considered for acquisition/preservation priority in addition to the recommended wetland protection sites listed in Table 14. At present, there are nine State Scenic Rivers (see Table 7). SCDNR also recommended that the wetland sites identified in the natural area inventory described in the 1993 Edisto River Basin Ecological Characterization Report, published by the SC Water Resources Commission (now SCDNR) should be considered for acquisition/preservation. These sites were identified through a systematic survey of sites that were relatively undisturbed, high-quality natural communities. A total of 149 sites meeting the criteria were identified and 95% were wetland communities. Further wetland acreage is conserved through various non-profit conservation organizations. The Nature Conservancy has acquired a significant amount of wetland acreage for protection in addition to efforts by Ducks Unlimited, local land trusts, and many other organizations in wetland preservation and education. Many of these wetlands are protected through local non-profits working with private landowners using voluntary conservation easements. These organizations play a critical role by working in conjunction with the State to establish wetland sanctuaries and conservation areas.

Table 14. Important Wetlands in South Carolina

Area Name County Acres Congaree Swamp National Monument Richland 22,200 Monetta Sink Aiken 14 Janet Harrison Highpond Aiken 18 Barton Bay Allendale 231 Ashleigh Bay Barnwell 24 ACE River Basin Beaufort, Charleston, Colleton 273,000

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Table 14. Important Wetlands in South Carolina, Continued

Area Name County Acres Four Hole Swamp Dorchester, Orangeburg 2,050 Santee Delta Georgetown 15,300 Upper Winyah Bay Georgetown 23,000 Dukes Bay Hampton 250 Bare Bone Bay Complex Horry 1,100 Little Pee Dee Horry, Marion 50,000 Mt. Pleasant Church Bay Lee 55 Branchville Bay Orangeburg 20 Saluda County High Ponds Saluda 31 Shiloh Savannah Sumter 43 Lewis Ocean Bay Horry 9,393 Chandler Heritage Preserve Greenville 60 Blackwell Bunched Arrowhead Greenville 16 Bennetts Bay Clarendon 680 Cartwheel Bay Horry 568 Waccamaw River Horry 5,347 Peter’s Creek Spartanburg 160 Black Creek Darlington 500 Sparkleberry Swamp (Upper Lake Marion) Sumter/Clarendon 16,700 Wetlands in State Scenic River Corridors (various) not determined Wetlands in Edisto River Basin Report (various) not determined Total 403,860+

Sources: Southeast Regional Wetlands Concept Plan, August, 1990, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Correspondence from SC Department of Natural Resources, 2001.

A more recent report entitled Conserving South Carolina: Sustaining and Protecting our

Natural Resources was released in 2001 by a consortium of sponsoring conservation organizations that included Ducks Unlimited, the Nature Conservancy, the SC Coastal Conservation League, the National Audubon Society, the Lowcountry Open Land Trust, and the ACE Basin Task Force. The Study involved more than 75 of the State’s leading ecologists, foresters, botanists, ornithologists, natural historians, and wildlife biologists who were called upon to identify areas that are critical to the continued survival of South Carolina’s natural heritage. These areas are identified in a South Carolina Ecological Vision Map which broadly portrays areas that should be maintained and enhanced for traditional uses and ecological values through a variety of conservation measures. The Study identified more than 5.9 million acres of unpreserved forests, swamps, open land and river corridors, with most of the land located in the State’s coastal plain. Of the nearly 6 million acres identified, 3.5 million were considered critically significant wildlife habitat. The 2005 Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy (CWCS) coordinated by SCDNR emphasized habitat protection as one of the most important actions to preserve South Carolina’s priority species. Because the loss and fragmentation of habitat poses a major threat to many of the identified species, the CWCS focuses on habitat or ecosystem-based conservation as a means to protect multiple species in a more cost-effective manner. A key recommendation of the proposed strategy is to acquire property for protection of priority

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species and to ensure habitat linkage through fee simple acquisition and conservation easements in the following habitats (many of which include wetlands):

Terrestrial Habitats Watersheds Appalachian Oak & Oak Pine Forest Santee River Watershed Basic Mesic Forest Savannah River Watershed Acidic Mesic Forest Pee Dee River Watershed High-elevation Forest ACE Basin Watershed Riverbanks, Streambanks & Alder Zones Moist or Wet Types Coastal & Marine Habitats Vertical or Horizontal Rock Outcrop Forested Habitats - Coastal Plain Upland Forest Maritime Forest Piedmont Small Stream Forest Early Successional Habitats - Coastal Plain River Bottoms Managed Impoundments Cove Forest Tidal Fresh & Brackish Systems Grassland & Early Successional Habitats Isolated Nonforested Uplands Sandhills Pine Woodland Estaurine Systems Seepage Slopes Hammock Islands Ponds & Depressions Ocean Beaches & Transition Zones Blackwater Stream Systems Marine Ecosystem Pine Woodland Man-made Structures Upland Forest Wet Flatlands River Slopes & Stream Bottoms

c. Historic Sites South Carolina has a wealth of historic and culturally significant places. The State has 1,365 listings, including 163 historic districts, in the National Register of Historic Places. These listings include buildings, structures, and sites ranging from Native American campgrounds dating to 8,000 BC to sites associated with the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s; from grand mansions to modest farmhouses; and from upcountry textile mill villages to Pee Dee railroad towns and Lowcountry rice fields. However, these irreplaceable historic places are at risk – threatened by rapid, unplanned development, demographic changes, disappearing farmland and evolving agricultural practices, and a general lack of public awareness and appreciation. The State has lost, and continues to lose, its historic buildings, structures, sites, and landscapes at an alarming rate. As historic properties deteriorate or are destroyed, gaps are created in our downtown streetscapes and the local landmarks that make South Carolina communities special are lost, forever erasing tangible reminders of our shared history. Officials from SC Department of Archives and History (SCDAH) note that the continued perception of many people is that “historic” properties are limited to antebellum buildings, high style architecture, the homes of famous people, and the sites of great historic events. Too few appreciate the buildings, sites and districts that tell the story of their own communities and the

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social and economic benefits of preserving these places. Particularly at risk are buildings from the more recent past and buildings associated with everyday life in communities – the buildings that line the main streets and provide special character to neighborhoods. Lack of appreciation makes these buildings vulnerable to abandonment, insensitive renovations, and demolition because they are perceived as old and out-of-date. US Census of Housing data gives some indication of the rate at which historic properties are lost across the State. In 1940, there were 458,899 housing units in South Carolina. Over the last six decades, almost 75% of these pre-World War II residences have been lost, with the rate of loss increasing each decade since 1950. However, it should be noted that the Census figures do not take into account all of the commercial buildings, agricultural buildings, public buildings, churches, schools, industrial buildings, and archaeological sites that have been destroyed during this same time period. As part of the development of a new statewide historic preservation plan, in 2005 the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) asked historic preservation advocates across the State to identify the historic properties that were most threatened and in need of preservation assistance. The Plan, titled Preserving Our Past to Build a Healthy Future, most frequently cites downtowns, cemeteries, and African American buildings and sites. Houses and neighborhoods, small towns, rural landscapes and agricultural buildings, 20th Century buildings, archaeological sites, textile mills and villages and battlefield sites were also identified in the Plan. SCPRT requested guidance from the SCDAH regarding important historic sites in the State. According to SCDAH, the most important sites in need of protection include: � Downtowns in both large cities and small towns face pressures. Our historic downtowns

have traditionally served as the heart of the community. These areas contain many cherished landmarks, including civic, religious, institutional, commercial and residential buildings. These districts possess a character and charm not found in shopping centers and superstores. In some communities, the pressure comes from rapidly rising land prices and development pressure to demolish older buildings and replace them with larger, sometimes out-of-scale, new construction. In other communities, a lack of economic vitality means buildings sit vacant or underutilized and owners lack the means or incentive to keep the buildings repaired. It is difficult for these communities to find new uses for and attract investors to deteriorated historic buildings.

� Cemeteries face a wide range of threats from neglect and vandalism to destruction by development. The thousands of cemeteries in South Carolina are an important feature of our diverse heritage. In addition to marking the final resting places of our ancestors, they yield information about our State's social, religious, artistic, and cultural heritage. They also contain genealogical information that often can not be found anywhere else.

� African American sites associated with the critical role played by African Americans in the historical development of South Carolina are also threatened and in need of recognition and preservation. These include schools, churches, neighborhoods, and sites associated with the Civil Rights struggle. While progress is being made on a number of

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fronts, relatively few buildings, structures, and sites associated with African American history have been documented and preserved. When sites such as a Rosenwald School are identified, funding for preservation hinders the efforts to repair and reuse.

� Historic neighborhoods and houses are also important elements in our historic landscape. They range from the earliest log cabins to neighborhoods of the mid-twentieth century. In some desirable neighborhoods, historic houses are being demolished and replaced with one or more new and larger residences. Not only is the historic structure lost, but the historic character and feel of the neighborhood is diminished. In other neighborhoods, deterioration and abandonment leads to destruction of historic houses that are deemed "blighted" housing. As noted earlier, the rate of loss is dramatic according to US Census of Housing figures. In 1940, there were 458,899 pre-1940 houses in South Carolina, in 2000 only 107,139 of these remained, a loss rate of more than 75%.

� Rural landscapes remain at risk. In 1900, 87% of South Carolinians lived in rural areas. One hundred years later in 2000, only 30% of State residents lived in rural areas. These population shifts, along with changing agricultural practices, put the State’s historic farmhouses, agricultural buildings, and landscapes at risk. On the remaining farms, advances in agricultural technology can make historic buildings and structures unsuitable for their original uses. New land-use patterns and demographic changes also threaten many other buildings and sites associated with South Carolina’s eighteenth, nineteenth and early twentieth century rural agricultural society. Many family cemeteries, country stores, rural schools and churches, and archaeological sites have been lost.

� Archaeological sites are particularly at risk because most of their features lie hidden below the ground. Construction of new subdivisions, shopping centers, industrial parks and other developments can compromise archaeological sites before they are even known to exist. Prehistoric people occupied much of the State as early as 10,000 years ago. Through archaeology, present and future generations can learn how these early people hunted, what they ate, how their communities were organized, and how they buried their dead – much of which is not currently known.

� Battlefields and other sites associated with military history range from Revolutionary and Civil War sites to early defense installations such as the Charleston Naval Yard. Many South Carolina sites associated with the military, particularly those associated with the American Revolution and the Civil War, are under almost constant threat by the pressures of development in an expanding economy. For example, a study of Revolutionary War Sites funded by the American Battlefields Protection Program identified more than 250 battle and skirmish sites in South Carolina, outnumbering the rest of the colonies combined.

� Historic textile mills have been lost at an accelerating rate in recent years. With the closing of many textile mills in South Carolina, historic textile mill communities face the challenges of finding jobs for residents, attracting viable new uses for the vacant industrial buildings, and encouraging new economic investment for their communities. While some communities have found new investors to restore and reuse these sites, in others, the mill structures have been demolished by companies salvaging the valuable bricks and timbers.

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In 2000, a panel representing the SC Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, the Palmetto Trust for Historic Preservation, the Palmetto Conservation Foundation, the SC Downtown Development Association, and the SC Department of Archives and History developed a list of the Eleven Most Endangered Historic Buildings or Sites in South Carolina. This release represented the third time the Palmetto Trust for Historic Preservation, the SC Department of Archives and History, the SC Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, and the SC Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism worked together to compile a list of endangered historic places. Previous Endangered Lists were released in 1995 and 1997. The release of the 2000 list coincided with National Historic Preservation Week in 2000 and the first annual Statewide Historic Preservation Conference. In the release, the Palmetto Trust for Historic Preservation stressed that “South Carolina stands to lose these historically significant and severely threatened places unless action is taken soon.” The Endangered List includes properties in all regions of the State. In the Upstate, the listing includes the Old Tuberculosis Hospital in Greenville, the Carnegie Free Library in Gaffney –now on the National Register – and the Poinsett Bridge in Greenville County. In and around the Midlands region, Bamberg’s Main Street Central Business District and Oakhurst in Newberry made the list. In the Pee Dee region, the list includes the J.J. Lawton Sunday School Building at the First Baptist Church in Hartsville and the Civil War Stockade in Florence. The Lowcountry list includes: a cluster of Charleston buildings consisting of the High School of Charleston, the Alston House, and 141 Ashley Avenue; buildings and archaeological remains of the colonial village of Cainhoy in Berkeley County; and the archaeological remains of the colonial settlement of Childsbury in Berkeley County. The list also includes a group of railway depots located around the State consisting of the Norfolk Southern Railway Depot in Prosperity, the Southern Railway Freight Depot in Branchville, the Seaboard Airline Railway Station in Camden, and the City of Myrtle Beach Railroad Station. Four additional sites were not included on the final list, but were found to be noteworthy for their historical significance and threatened status. These noteworthy sites are the Faith Cabin Library in Pendleton, the Henry Gaffney Home Place in Gaffney, the Leaphart-Harmon House in Lexington, and the Old Charleston Jail in Charleston.

4. LAND ACQUISITION AND PROTECTION A critical issue for outdoor recreation at several levels in South Carolina is land protection and acquisition. High water quality, excellent fisheries, and the pleasures of scenic beauty from highways, overlooks, and trails are often dependent on properties that are protected through multiple mechanisms. Under fee simple acquisition, land is purchased for active recreation and conservation use in state parks, Heritage Trust areas, local recreation sites, wildlife management areas, and other purposes. Other protection measures, such as conservation

easements, may or may not allow public access and recreational use and are primarily designed to protect viewsheds, watersheds, and scenic vistas. The ACE Basin is a high profile example of this land protection approach in South Carolina.

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Statewide land conservation measures have increased substantially with the passage of the Conservation Bank Act in 2002, which has provided more than $70 million in grant funding for land conservation since funding was provided in 2004. The Bank awards grants to eligible trust fund recipients including SCDNR, the SC Forestry Commission, and SCPRT, municipalities and non-profit charitable land conservation or historic preservation corporations or trusts, for the purchase of significant conservation or recreational land and protective easements. However, county governments are not eligible to apply for grants from the Conservation Bank. Over 134,000 acres of land have been conserved through the Conservation Bank since its inception. Efforts at the local level, while not yet widespread, have in some cases been significant. In Beaufort County, voters recently renewed funding in the amount of $50 million for its Rural

and Critical Land Preservation Program. The program is the means by which the County acquires property for conservation, parks, buffers, scenic vistas and preservation of valuable economic and natural resources. Land acquisitions may be made by a fee simple purchase, a purchase of development rights or a donation of development rights, which often allow the property owner and their family to remain on the land and use it for farming, hunting, fishing or other historic purposes agreed upon at the time of the transaction. Conservation easements, which protect land from development in perpetuity, may also be negotiated. Since 1997, the program has preserved more than 10,000 acres of land – exhausting the original $40 million approved for the program in 2000. Charleston County adopted its Greenbelt Bank in June of 2006 as called for by the Charleston

County Comprehensive Greenbelt Plan. The Greenbelt Bank was established to protect and conserve land and promote balanced growth in the County through funding provided by a portion of the Transportation “Half-Cent” Sales Tax. Approximately $55 million is available for rural greenbelt projects that lie outside the Charleston County Urban Suburban Growth Boundary, and approximately $25 million is available for urban greenbelt projects that fall within the Growth Boundary. Greenbelt funds can be used for the acquisition of land and/or purchase of development rights and to support minor improvements that provide public access and use of conservation lands purchased with Greenbelt monies. These improvements include boardwalks, unpaved roadways, foot bridges, unpaved small parking areas, and unpaved trails. As of July 2007, the Bank has provided $12 million in funding for 13 rural projects that protect 3,972 acres and $2.4 million in funding for 6 urban projects that protect more than 141 acres. The Central Midlands Council of Governments (CMCOG) is approaching the preservation of open space from a regional perspective. In December 2007, the CMCOG Board approved a concept document entitled Keeping it Green in the Midlands that outlines a vision for assembling a network of open space within the region. The document concludes an intensive yearlong effort that involved extensive research, analysis, and public input through a series of four workshops held at strategic locations within each of the four Midlands counties – Fairfield, Lexington, Newberry and Richland – and an online open space survey. The effort led to the development of a Green Infrastructure Concept Map for the region, as well as goals, objectives and action steps to implement the program. The resulting document has been disseminated to elected officials, planners, environmental groups and other interested parties within the region,

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in hope that Fairfield, Lexington and Newberry counties will begin to integrate open space preservation into local planning efforts. Richland County has already been working to preserve open space, adopting the Richland

County Conservation Ordinance in December 1998 to create a Conservation Commission. The Ordinance provides a number of mechanisms for the Commission to help conserve natural areas, including negotiating conservation easements, developing access to resources, accepting donations or bargain sales, purchasing property for public or protective ownership, and helping with the maintenance, preservation, protection, identification, or development of natural, cultural, or historic properties. In the most recent fiscal year (FY2007-2008), tax proceeds (1/2 of one mil) allocated for the County conservation program totaled $605,000. As of the end of 2007, the Commission has placed easements on 6 properties for a total of 311 acres in the northwestern and northeastern areas of the County. In addition, 16 grants totaling $141,000 have been awarded for community trail projects and for the development of a comprehensive greenway program. York County Forever was formed in 1998 by the York County Council with the goal of preserving one acre of undeveloped land for every one acre of property developed. The organization was the first local government land preservation program in South Carolina and has preserved 8,743 acres since its inception, with an additional 4,975 acres preserved through partnerships for private conservation efforts. Included in the preserved public acreage are unique and significant natural ecosystems such as the monadnock (a large granite outcropping) of Nanny’s Mountain and a sizeable outcrop of granite flatrock in Clover that is home to several species of rare flora. The private partnerships include several large agricultural properties that are important to the County’s rural history. The York County Forever program has garnered state and national awards as a model for local government open space protection. Virtually all outdoor recreational pursuits require or are enhanced by the amount and quality of protected land available to the public. While South Carolina has made significant strides in recent years in terms of land acquisition and protection, the Palmetto State still has far to go to catch up with regional and national trends. In addition to current programs in South Carolina, several neighboring state and Federal recreation programs that allow land acquisition and protection are also profiled in the sections that follow. Most of these programs provide limited funds to acquire significant lands.

a. South Carolina Programs Recreation Land Trust Fund (RELT) – This program is generally funded at $358,000 per year shared by local recreation departments and State agencies. Funding has remained relatively steady since the program began in 1978. Only about $100,000 per year is reserved for state park land purchases. Heritage Land Trust Fund (HLTF) – The HLTF is funded primarily through the allocation of a small percentage of the Real Estate Documentation Stamp Tax Fee and must be used to acquire and manage significant natural and cultural areas. Funding for the program rose steadily from FY 2002 to a high of more than $8.9 million in FY 2006 due primarily to the State's booming

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real estate market. However, HLTF funding dropped by more than half a million dollars to $8.4 million in FY 2007 when the real estate market began to slow. Revenues decreased by approximately 20% as of January of FY 2008, due to the continued market decline. Conservation Land Bank – This Bank was established by the State legislature under the 2002 Conservation Bank Act to fund the purchase of significant conservation or recreational land as well as protective easements. The Bank was not funded until July 2004. Since that time the Conservation Bank has provided more than $70 million to conserve more than 134,000 acres of land, including more than 124,000 acres of forestlands and wetlands (Table 15). Landowners who wish to voluntarily participate may sell property outright or they may enter into conservation easements and retain traditional use of their land. However, the SC Conservation Bank is prohibited by law from owning any interests in land. The Conservation Bank is funded primarily by a percentage of the Real Estate Transfer Fee. Twenty-five cents of every $1.30 generated by the fee is placed in a special trust fund to be used solely for the Conservation Bank, generating an average annual revenue of more than $18 million. In the FY 2007-08 State budget, the Conservation Bank also received a non-recurring additional appropriation of $5 million.

Table 15. Summary of Grants Funded by the SC Conservation Bank, FY 2004 to 2007

Land Type Acres Funding Forestlands/Wetlands 124,178.00 $53,175,013

Urban Parks 551.00 $7,611,140

Farm Lands 8,957.72 $9,041,904

Historical Lands 485.20 $911,502

Totals 134,171.92 $70,739,559 Source: SC Conservation Bank website: http://sccbank.sc.gov/summary.html, November 2007.

The Conservation Bank awards grants to eligible trust fund recipients for the purchase of interests in land provided the grants meet the purpose and criteria of the Act. Eligible trust fund recipients include SCDNR, the SC Forestry Commission, and SCPRT; municipalities; and non profit charitable corporations or trusts whose principal activity is the acquisition and management of interests in land for conservation or historic preservation purposes. Most Conservation Bank funding is matched with other grants, donations, or bargain sales to leverage the State’s investment. In support of land acquisition and preservation in the State, government agencies at all levels and other public and private organizations should work to fully fund the Conservation Land Bank on a continuing annual basis and encourage the exploration of alternative funding sources to leverage Bank resources.

b. Significant Lands Programs in Other States It is difficult to compare other state programs as they relate to significant lands protection as conservation goals can differ in addressing specific state and local purposes. Some use dedicated percentages of the total fund for varying conservation purposes. Others have a centralized board that allocates funds between competing interests, often by competitive grant application. Despite the inherent difficulties of exact comparison, an assessment of South Carolina’s relative position in preserving significant lands is not encouraging.

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� South Carolina is among the fastest growing states in the nation. AARP ranks the State as the 2nd fastest growing in terms of in-migrant retirees and among the top seven retirement locations nationwide. From 2000 to 2007, the State grew by 9.9%, resulting in a ranking of 11th nationwide in population growth.

� SC Conservation Bank estimates project the State’s population will grow by an additional 25% within 15 years. To support this growth, the State will need 525,000 new housing units, 40 million feet of new office space, 13,000 hotel rooms, and 50% more paved roads.

� In the 2000 “sprawl index” created by Rutgers University’s Center for Urban Policy Research that rates each state’s vulnerability to future growth, South Carolina ranks 5th nationally in urban sprawl. A related study conducted by the USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service estimated that nearly 200,000 acres of the State’s farmland was lost to urban uses from 1987 to 1997.

� Although dated, South Carolina ranked 48th in growth management in a 1999 Sierra Club study that used 17 indicators focusing on open space protection, land use planning, community revitalization, and transportation planning. The two states ranking lower were Wyoming, with a low population density and a significant portion of its environmentally sensitive land already under Federal protection, and North Dakota, with relatively low population growth.

� In 1998, South Carolina ranked 21st nationally in the amount of state park land among the 50 states. By 2002, the State fell to 31st and then dropped further to 33rd in 2006.

While national comparisons can provide general benchmarks on progress, focusing on the neighboring states of North Carolina, Georgia and Florida that share similar cultures, demographics, landforms, and rapidly developing coastal regions is perhaps more revealing.

� North Carolina – In 2000, the NC General Assembly set a goal of conserving one million acres of critical lands by 2009. Conservation funding is provided through four programs: the Clean Water Management Trust Fund, the Natural Heritage Trust Fund, the Parks and Recreation Trust Fund, and the Farmland Preservation Trust Fund. Land

for Tomorrow – a partnership that includes local governments, non-profits, community groups and businesses – reports that more than $205 million has been provided through the trust funds for conservation and preservation in the State of North Carolina since 1987. Conservation advocates are urging the legislature to approve a statewide bond referendum that would authorize $1 billion in land and conservation bonds over the next 5 years. The 2007 State budget included $120 million for land acquisition to preserve the State’s natural heritage. North Carolina also offers a conservation incentive program for landowners that provides a substantial tax credit when real property is donated for conservation purposes.

� Florida – Florida enacted one of the most comprehensive land protection/conservation

programs in the nation in 2001. Through 2006, Florida Forever has expended $1.8 billion for the protection of 535,643 acres of land. During that time, the land

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acquisition program has protected more than 231,730 acres of Strategic Habitat Conservation Areas through the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; 374,890 acres of habitat conservation areas through the Florida Natural Areas Inventory; 513,050 acres of ecological greenways through the Office of Greenways & Trails; 68,260 acres of under-represented natural communities; 54,540 acres of natural floodplains; 530,550 acres important to significant water bodies; 5,060 acres of fragile coastline; 236,210 acres of functional wetlands; 524,846 acres of significant groundwater recharge areas; 30,130 acres of land to support priority recreational trails; 268,330 acres of sustainable forest land; and more than 2,500 acres of archaeological and historic sites. Many of the acreages recorded for each effort overlap multiple categories and therefore do not add to the entire acreage protected during that time period. The popularity of this program was demonstrated by a bi-partisan effort to renew the program for an additional ten years at $300 million per year.

� Georgia – In 2005, the Georgia Governor signed into law the Georgia Land

Conservation Act, an initiative to encourage the long-term conservation and protection of Georgia’s natural, cultural and historic resources. The legislation established an initial trust fund and a revolving loan fund of $100 million in State, Federal and private funding, available to local governments and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR) for the purchase of conservation lands and conservation easements. An additional $47.3 million in State funding was made available for 2008. The Georgia Land Conservation Program offers grants for fee title or conservation easement purchases from the Georgia Land Conservation Trust Fund, as well as low-interest loans for fee title or conservation easement purchases from the Georgia Land

Conservation Revolving Fund. Tax incentives are also available for donations of conservation lands or conservation easements. To date the program has endorsed 36 projects totaling almost 38,000 acres.

While South Carolina as a whole lags behind its neighbors in land protection efforts, some local jurisdictions mirror promising national trends for land conservation. The growth of private land trusts and local government conservation programs is an encouraging trend. Land protection programs will ultimately be more effective where there is broad support from the public sector. Those programs which appear to be most promising are in counties with rapid growth, sensitive areas, and a stronger economic base, such as Beaufort and Charleston Counties. The loss of land from its natural state in some of these areas has given rise to successful initiatives for public funding.

c. Attitudes and Support for Protecting Significant Lands Nationally and in our own and neighboring states, voters have shown strong support for ballot initiatives to control growth, preserve natural heritage and provide recreational access to significant lands. Data from the North Carolina Joint Legislative Commission on Land and Water Conservation shows that more than 657 out of 883 total referenda nationwide were approved since 2001. These referenda provided more than $14 billion in new resources. The Land Trust Alliance reported that in 2006, voters across the country approved conservation

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ballot measures totaling $5.73 billion, with 99 of the 128 ballot measures to protect land for parks and open space approved. Since 1998, a number of significant local initiatives aimed at the protection and conservation of land have been approved in South Carolina. Voters in Beaufort County agreed in 2000 to allocate $40 million for the Beaufort County Rural and Critical Land Preservation Program. Voters renewed the program and increased funding to $50 million in 2006. Both the 2000 and 2006 land preservation referenda in Beaufort County passed by a 3 to 1 margin. On Hilton Head Island, land conservation bond issues were approved that provided $12 million for open space acquisition and parks in 1998, $9.5 million for parks in 2000, and $15 million for the acquisition and preservation of historic sites and open space in 2003. Each of the Hilton Head issues passed by a margin of more than 78%, with the most recent 2003 vote passing by 83%. In 2004, Charleston County voters approved the use of a portion of the Transportation “Half-Cent” Sales Tax to protect and conserve land and promote balanced growth through the establishment of a Greenbelt Bank – an estimated investment of more than $221.5 million. In the 2001 State Survey conducted by USC’s Survey Research Laboratory, respondents viewed growth management as one of the most important problems facing the State, ranking higher than taxes, crime, and transportation and second only to education. In the State’s more urban areas experiencing rapid development, the issue of growth ranked first, ahead of education. Seventy percent of those polled also favored allowing the government to buy land or development rights to preserve open space. Nearly 65% of the Survey respondents felt communities should have the responsibility to plan for preserving land. A higher percentage felt that the State must be a financial partner in such efforts. Perhaps most revealing is that South Carolinians polled in the study reflected support levels similar to national land protection ballot initiatives. South Carolina respondents would be willing to pay more taxes for land protection – 69% supporting the use of revenues to buy land for parks, 60% for the purchase of environmentally sensitive areas, and 51% to protect greenbelts. Attitudes of South Carolinians on land protection have evolved rapidly and are increasingly supportive of both public and private land conservation efforts. In light of this rising public awareness of the need to protect natural resources, additional measures – through funding and legislation – should be actively pursued to encourage and promote local government and private sector land conservation, with particular emphasis on removing constraints on the ability of local governments to fund such programs.

B. ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND Mirroring the State’s population growth, the demand for new, updated and expanded recreational facilities continues to increase. However, funding remains limited and recreational expenditures must be prioritized. To determine current and long-range outdoor recreational demand and needs in South Carolina, SCPRT launched a comprehensive needs assessment process that involved the review of up-to-date demographic and economic data, surveys and interviews of State residents, a series of public meetings, interagency meetings, and a review of State and national trends in outdoor recreation. An in-depth review of the latest Census data revealed a changing population that was aging, more racially and ethnically diverse, employed

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in more diverse occupational sectors, and living in increasingly urbanized communities. A formal telephone survey of State residents was conducted to assess recreational participation and preference. The usage and needs of out-of-state visitors and special populations were also examined. State and national trends in outdoor recreation were reviewed and major outdoor recreation issues in South Carolina were identified through a series of regional public workshops. Issues of national concern were also considered through interagency meetings and focused research.

1. Recreation Participation and Preference South Carolina's mild climate and diverse natural resources provide opportunities for participation in a broad range of outdoor recreational activities, from beach swimming and sunbathing along the coast to camping and hiking along guided nature trails in the mountains.

As part of its continuing efforts to meet the recreational needs of South Carolinians, SCPRT periodically conducts surveys of the general public. The purpose of these surveys is to determine the extent to which the State’s residents participate in a variety of recreational activities, as well as their preferences for such activities. Previous surveys have been conducted at five-year intervals in 1979, 1984, 1990, 1994 and 1999. This report provides information from a telephone survey of 2,118 randomly selected South Carolina residents aged 12 years and older that was conducted from September 13 and November 18, 2005 by the University of South Carolina's Institute for Public Service and Policy Research. In addition to providing results for the complete sample, information is presented by subgroups in order to examine the effect that different background characteristics have on recreation participation and preference. The results of the 2005 Survey are also compared with those from previous years in order to determine the extent to which changes have occurred over time in the recreational participation and preferences of South Carolinians. A complete summary of the 2005

Recreation Participation and Preference Study is available on-line at www.scprt.com/files/RPE/2005%20Rec%20Study.pdf. Contact: SC Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Recreation, Planning & Engineering Office 1205 Pendleton Street Columbia, South Carolina 29201 803/734-0173 www.scprt.com or www.discoversouthcarolina.com As part of the 2005 Study, respondents were asked if they had participated in a number of traditional outdoor recreational activities such as camping, hiking, and fishing, as well as about their participation in other activities, such as attending outdoor sporting events, driving for pleasure, or working out with weights or exercise machines. In addition, two activities were included for the first time in the 2005 Survey – driving for pleasure on a motorcycle and geocaching or orienteering. Table 16 shows the percentage of the survey sample who reported they had participated in these activities at least once during the past twelve months. The data also provides comparisons with the results from the 1990, 1994 and 1999 surveys. The general conclusion from the latest survey data is that South Carolinian participation in recreational

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activities remained quite stable over the past 15 years. While there is some minor variation in order, the same set of activities appear in the top eleven positions in 1990, 1994, 1999, and 2005 with only slight variations in rank and order between the years. Walking for pleasure or exercise remains the activity in which the largest percentage of State residents (83.2%) participates. Attending outdoor sporting events, beach swimming or sunbathing, driving for pleasure, and working out with weights or exercise machines are the activities that have the next highest degree of participation. Approximately half of those interviewed reported participation in picnicking, swimming in a pool, or visiting historic sites. Nearly 43% of respondents had been bicycling and nearly 40% visited a museum or went freshwater fishing. Participation rates for other activities varied from nearly 35% for visiting an unusual natural feature to slightly over 1% for playing in-line hockey. Although there are some minor variations in participation levels in these recreational activities across time, the trend that emerges most clearly from these data is one of overall stability. "Walking for pleasure" has consistently been the activity in which the largest number of persons 12 years and older take part. The percentage of residents who walk for pleasure or exercise has increased with each survey since 1994. Similarly, the percentage of respondents who reported working out with weights or exercise machines has consistently increased from 43% in 1990 to more than 57% in 2005. The percentage who reported visiting historic sites has also steadily increased over the years from nearly 47% in 1990 to more than 52% in 2005. The largest decline in participation over this period was in the percentage of residents who played volleyball, which dropped steadily from 32.7% in 1990 to 27.9% in 1994, to 22.1% in 1999, and again to 17.2% in the most recent survey. The percentage of persons who played baseball or softball, and persons who played tennis, and those who picnicked also declined during the 15-year period. The percentage who reported participation in waterskiing declined from 14.5% in 1990 to only 6.1% in 2005, however during this time period the percentage that enjoyed jetskiing increased by a similar amount, from 3.9% in 1990 to 11.8% in 2005. While the percentage of the population participating in an activity provides one measure of recreational activity in the State, a more complete picture emerges upon examining the number of times those who participate take part in an activity and where such participation takes place. Frequency of participation has a significant impact on resource needs. Overall demand for an activity in which a large percentage of the population participates, but does so only once or twice, may be less than that for an activity in which fewer people are involved, but in which those who participate do so frequently.

Table 16. Statewide Recreation Participation Trends

Percent Participating by Year Recreational Activity 2005 1999 1994 1990

1. Walking for pleasure or exercise ........................... 83.2 82.8 80.2 80.5

2. Attending outdoor sporting events.......................... 63.4 62.1 60.6 64.2 3. Beach swimming/sunbathing.................................. 62.5 63.1 59.5 59.3 4. Driving for pleasure................................................ 58.2 61.9 59.6 63.9

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Table 16. Statewide Recreation Participation Trends, Continued

Percent Participating by Year Recreational Activity 2005 1999 1994 1990

5. Weights or exercise machines ............................... 57.1 52.5 48.9 43.2 6. Picnicking .............................................................. 53.4 55.7 57.7 60.5 7. Pool swimming ...................................................... 53.2 56.4 53.6 57.5 8. Visiting historical sites .......................................... 52.1 51.4 48.7 46.8 9. Bicycling ................................................................ 42.8 38.8 40.1 43.3 10. Visiting a museum.................................................. 38.4 40.2 36.7 37.7 11. Freshwater fishing ................................................. 37.2 38.0 40.0 38.6 12. Visiting an unusual natural feature ......................... 34.7 28.5 28.4 31.1 13. Playing basketball .................................................. 34.5 36.5 39.4 38.9 14. Visiting a zoo ......................................................... 34.1 38.3 39.4 36.1 15. Motorboating .......................................................... 34.1 33.0 32.8 29.8 16. Jogging/running...................................................... 33.9 25.2 30.8 31.5 17. Watching wildlife .................................................. 33.4 36.5 --- --- 18. Lake/river swimming.............................................. 28.0 30.5 30.9 29.2 19. Playing football or soccer ....................................... 26.1* 22.8* 16.9 26.9 20. Off-road vehicle riding ........................................... 23.5 19.1 13.5 18.5 21. Playing baseball or softball..................................... 23.4* 26.9* 33.5 33.5 22. Camping ................................................................ 23.1 24.7 20.6 21.2 23. Golf ........................................................................ 21.1 19.3 17.3 15.9 24. Guided nature trail/study ........................................ 20.3 24.5 19.2 20.1 25. Bird watching ........................................................ 20.2 35.2 16.5 18.0 26. Saltwater fishing .................................................... 19.0* 18.1* 17.1 17.2 27. Hiking .................................................................... 18.2 18.9 16.8 13.5 28. Playing volleyball .................................................. 17.2 22.1 27.9 32.7 29. Playing tennis ........................................................ 14.3 14.6 18.8 24.3 30. Hunting .................................................................. 13.6 14.4 14.4 16.0 31. Other shooting sports ............................................. 12.0 10.4 12.1 12.0 32. Jetskiing ................................................................. 11.8 11.1 6.1 3.9 33. Attending an auto race ........................................... 11.1 17.9 13.7 --- 34. Driving a motorcycle for pleasure ......................... 11.1 --- --- --- 35. Canoeing, kayaking, rafting ................................... 10.7 8.1 7.5 6.9 36. Skateboarding, in-line skating, roller skating ......... 10.0 13.1 13.0 --- 37. Horseback riding .................................................... 9.1 8.0 10.0 9.6 38. Waterskiing ............................................................ 6.1 8.4 14.1 14.5 39. Rock climbing, rappelling ..................................... 6.1 3.9 3.9 --- 40. Sailing .................................................................... 2.7 3.4 7.6 5.3 41. Geocaching or orienteering ................................... 2.5 --- --- --- 42. Hunting dog field trials .......................................... 2.2 2.5 1.5 2.1 43. In-line hockey......................................................... 1.2 0.9 --- ---

* In these surveys separate questions were asked for baseball, softball, football, soccer, saltwater fishing, and shrimping or shellfishing. For comparability with previous surveys, baseball and softball, football and soccer, and saltwater fishing and shrimping or shellfishing were combined in this table.

Table 17 profiles the average number of times that respondents participated in specific recreational activities. This data presents a somewhat different picture of recreational activity in South Carolina than mere activity participation. When the frequency of participation is

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considered, walking for pleasure or exercise remains the activity with the highest level of participation. By this measure, working out with weights or exercise machines is the second most popular activity, followed by driving for pleasure, jogging or running, bird watching, bicycling, and watching wildlife. Not surprisingly, the activities in which people participate relatively frequently tend to be more "routine" types of activities that generally do not require an extensive amount of travel or special equipment and are more easily incorporated into a daily routine. For instance, jogging and running can occur in one’s own neighborhood with no special preparation or travel necessary. Conversely, there are a number of activities in which a comparatively large percentage of the population participates, but for which overall demand is less when the frequency of participation is taken into account. As in previous years, such activities include visiting a zoo, an unusual natural feature, or a museum. These activities are relatively distinctive, and are not readily incorporated into an individual's daily schedule or routine. As a result, such activities are typically participated in only a few times a year.

Table 17. Average Recreation Participation per SC Resident by Activity

Number of Times Participated* Recreational Activity 2005 1999 1994 1990

1. Walking for pleasure or exercise ....................... 83.20 106.61 67.05 75.51

2. Weights or exercise machines ............................ 44.40 42.72 30.17 25.60

3. Driving for pleasure ........................................... 36.90 44.66 26.00 18.82

4. Jogging/running ................................................. 23.03 19.95 14.70 15.75

5. Bird watching ..................................................... 16.49 63.27 11.63 18.42

6. Bicycling ............................................................ 13.39 19.50 15.73 13.79

7. Watching wildlife .............................................. 13.05 22.74 ----- -----

8. Attending outdoor sporting events ..................... 9.56 11.22 10.18 10.79

9. Pool swimming .................................................. 8.88 7.47 9.51 12.23

10. Playing basketball .............................................. 8.78 12.47 12.95 12.63

11. Beach swimming/sunbathing ............................. 6.95 6.74 5.89 5.83

12. Motorboating ..................................................... 5.62 5.90 6.98 6.27

13. Driving a motorcycle ......................................... 5.06 ----- ----- -----

14. Freshwater fishing ............................................. 4.60 6.00 7.56 5.40

15. Off-road vehicle riding ...................................... 4.02 3.13 3.00 4.39

16. Playing football or soccer .................................. 3.95 3.11 2.39 5.62

17. Golf .................................................................... 3.77 3.48 4.42 4.17

18. Playing baseball or softball ................................ 3.39 3.67 5.65 4.27

19. Lake/river swimming ......................................... 3.32 3.10 3.77 3.97

20. Visiting historical sites ...................................... 2.59 2.94 2.77 2.53

21. Playing volleyball .............................................. 2.17 2.07 3.99 4.35

22. Picnicking .......................................................... 2.00 2.50 2.60 3.44

23. Hunting .............................................................. 1.69 2.36 3.17 2.04

24. Playing tennis ..................................................... 1.55 1.61 2.64 4.37

25. Skateboarding, in-line skating, roller skating .... 1.53 1.55 1.79 -----

26. Saltwater fishing ................................................ 1.34 1.02 1.55 1.53

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Table 17. Average Recreation Participation per SC Resident by Activity, Continued

Number of Times Participated* Recreational Activity 2005 1999 1994 1990

27. Visiting a museum ............................................. 1.29 1.08 1.05 1.25

28. Camping ............................................................. 1.25 1.25 1.22 0.97

29. Other shooting sports ......................................... 1.25 1.06 1.71 1.07

30. Visiting an unusual natural feature .................... 1.23 0.89 1.01 1.14

31. Horseback riding ................................................ 1.14 0.94 1.56 1.56

32. Hiking ................................................................ 1.10 0.97 1.84 0.89

33. Jetskiing ............................................................. 1.07 1.00 0.49 0.54

34. Visiting a zoo ..................................................... 0.79 0.76 0.97 0.76

35. Waterskiing ........................................................ 0.70 0.63 1.66 1.80

36. Guided nature trail/study ................................... 0.69 1.24 0.93 0.58

37. Canoeing, kayaking, rafting ............................... 0.64 0.42 0.46 0.24

38. Attending an auto race ....................................... 0.47 0.76 0.99 -----

39. Geocaching/orienteering .................................... 0.41 ----- ----- -----

40. Rock climbing, rappelling ................................. 0.40 0.27 0.56 -----

41. Shellfishing/shrimping ....................................... 0.39 0.54 ----- -----

42. In-line hockey .................................................... 0.36 0.12 ----- -----

43. Hunting dog field trials ...................................... 0.19 0.22 0.08 0.20

44. Sailing ................................................................ 0.15 0.22 0.36 0.12

* Figures shown represent the average number of times in which the entire sample participated in these activities.

Actual estimates of the number of times South Carolinians participate in activities, which may be considered trips, are provided in Table 18. Although the overall percentage of participation may have decreased, several activities such as playing baseball, softball or tennis have posted increases in the number of times participated. This may be due to “avid” participants who are participating more often or may just be a product of population increase. It shows the potential impact to facilities, especially the more popular or most advertised facilities. It also provides some insight about possible crowding or loss of experience if most of the activities happen on weekends/holidays or at a few specific sites.

Table 18. Total Participation in Recreational Activities by South Carolinians Age 12 and Older

Estimated Participation (trips) by Year

Recreational Activity 2005 1999 1994

1. Walking for pleasure or exercise ...................... 293,867,059 341,418, 525 205,991,010

2. Weights or exercise machines .......................... 156,823,286 136,810,800 92,688,274

3. Driving for pleasure ......................................... 130,332,866 143,023,650 79,877,200

4. Jogging/running ............................................... 81,343,250 63,889,875 45,161,340

5. Bird watching ................................................... 58,243,603 202,622,175 35,729,686

6. Bicycling .......................................................... 47,294,230 62,448,750 48,325,706

7. Watching wildlife ............................................. 46,093,331 72,824,850 ------

8. Attending outdoor sporting events ................... 33,766,455 35,932,050 31,274,996

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Table 18. Total Participation in Recreational Activities by South Carolinians Age 12 and Older, Continued

Estimated Participation (trips) by Year Recreational Activity 2005 1999 1994

9. Pool swimming ................................................ 31,364,657 23,922,675 29,216,622

10. Playing basketball ............................................ 31,011,452 39,935,175 39,784,990

11. Beach swimming/sunbathing ........................... 24,547,789 21,584,850 18,095,258

12. Motorboating .................................................... 19,850,155 18,894,750 21,443,956

13. Driving a motorcycle for pleasure .................... 17,872,203 ------ ------

14. Freshwater fishing ............................................ 16,247,458 19,215,000 23,225,832

15. Off-road vehicle riding ..................................... 14,198,865 10,023,825 9,216,600

16. Playing football or soccer ................................. 13,951,621 9,959,775 7,342,558

17. Golf .................................................................. 13,315,851 11,144,700 13,579,124

18. Playing baseball or softball .............................. 11,973,670 11,753,175 17,357,930

19. Lake/river swimming ....................................... 11,726,426 9,927,750 11,582,194

20. Visiting historical sites ..................................... 9,148,025 9,415,350 8,509,994

21. Playing volleyball ............................................ 7,664,562 6,629,175 12,258,078

22. Picnicking ......................................................... 7,064,112 8,006,250 7,987,720

23. Hunting ............................................................. 5,969,175 7,557,900 9,738,874

24. Playing tennis ................................................... 5,474,687 5,156,025 8,110,608

25. Skateboarding, in-line skating, roller skating 5,404,046 4,963,875 5,499,238

26. Saltwater fishing .............................................. 4,732,955 3,266,550 4,761,910

27. Visiting a museum ........................................... 4,556,352 3,458,700 3,225,810

28. Camping ........................................................... 4,415,070 4,003,125 3,748,084

29. Other shooting sports ....................................... 4,415,070 3,394,650 5,253,462

30. Visiting an unusual natural feature .................. 4,344,429 2,850,225 3,102,922

31. Horseback riding .............................................. 4,026,544 3,010,350 4,792,632

32. Hiking ............................................................... 3,885,262 3,106,425 5,652,848

33. Jetskiing ........................................................... 3,779,300 3,202,500 1,505,378

34. Visiting a zoo ................................................... 2,790,324 2,433,900 2,980,034

35. Waterskiing ...................................................... 2,472,439 2,017,575 5,099,852

36. Guided nature trail/study .................................. 2,437,119 3,971,100 2,857,146

37. Canoeing, kayaking, rafting ............................. 2,260,516 1,345,050 1,413,212

38. Attending an auto race ..................................... 1,660,066 2,433,900 3,041,478

39. Geocaching/orienteering .................................. 1,448,143 ------ ------

40. Rock climbing, rappelling ................................ 1,412,822 864,675 1,720,432

41. In-line hockey .................................................. 1,271,540 384,300 ------

42. Hunting dog field trials .................................... 671,091 704,550 245,776

43. Sailing .............................................................. 529,808 704,550 1,105,992

Another consideration in assessing recreational needs in South Carolina is the extent to which participation in these activities takes place within the State. For a number of the items of interest in this survey, those who had participated were asked if their most recent participation took place within South Carolina. There is significant variation in the extent to which these

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activities are pursued within the State. While a majority of participation occurs in South Carolina, the in-state percentage ranges from 95% for freshwater fishing to 58.9% for hiking. In addition to bird watching, more than 90% of the participation in football, bicycling, tennis, baseball, golf, shellfishing or shrimping, and pool swimming occurs within the State. Additional activities for which less than 70% of the participation takes place in South Carolina include canoeing, kayaking or rafting, attending an auto race, and horseback riding.

a. Group Differences in Participation

Previous research reveals significant differences in outdoor recreation participation across different demographic groups – particularly by age, gender, and income. As in previous recreation surveys, the largest differences in recreation participation are across age groups (Table 19). The most frequent differences result from greater participation among younger persons. However, other distinctions are a product of lower levels of participation among those aged 65 or older. In some cases it is the middle age groups who show the highest level of participation.

Table 19. Statewide Recreation Participation by Age Group, 2005

Age Group

Activity 12-17 18-29 30-45 46-64 65+

1. Walking for pleasure or exercise ........................ 84.4 78.1 85.7 85.9 79.8

2. Attending outdoor sporting events ..................... 82.3 74.5 68.0 58.4 40.5

3. Beach swimming/sunbathing .............................. 72.0 76.0 68.1 60.6 35.5

4. Driving for pleasure ............................................ 43.3 60.7 60.6 60.3 56.6

5. Weights or exercise machines ............................ 83.7 72.8 59.6 48.8 30.5

6. Picnicking ........................................................... 40.4 50.0 62.7 55.5 45.4

7. Pool swimming ................................................... 82.9 69.7 60.6 43.7 20.9

8. Visiting historical sites ....................................... 52.5 47.0 58.9 56.7 41.2

9. Bicycling ............................................................. 83.1 45.5 50.5 34.4 15.5

10. Visiting a museum .............................................. 33.1 29.5 44.2 43.3 35.3

11. Freshwater fishing .............................................. 41.0 45.2 38.3 41.1 21.3

12. Visiting an unusual natural feature ..................... 24.9 29.5 40.7 40.7 28.1

13. Playing basketball ............................................... 83.7 46.8 39.1 20.0 6.4

14. Visiting a zoo ...................................................... 36.3 37.9 46.4 28.7 15.2

15. Motorboating ...................................................... 30.2 36.5 36.4 37.0 24.1

16. Jogging/running .................................................. 84.3 62.1 31.4 15.4 4.4

17. Watching wildlife ............................................... 26.2 24.5 36.4 42.6 28.0

18. Lake/river swimming .......................................... 44.0 40.0 28.8 24.1 9.1

19. Off-road vehicle riding ....................................... 42.9 41.0 20.4 16.3 7.5

20. Camping ............................................................. 29.7 30.0 26.1 21.9 8.1

21. Playing football .................................................. 67.2 43.6 19.6 6.1 2.0

22. Golf ..................................................................... 17.0 29.0 21.9 17.3 19.6

23. Guided nature trail/study .................................... 26.7 18.1 23.7 21.7 13.3

24. Bird watching ..................................................... 13.2 11.4 17.2 26.9 29.8

25. Hiking ................................................................. 13.3 18.6 22.8 20.2 11.2

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Table 19. Statewide Recreation Participation by Age Group, 2005, Continued

Age Group

Activity 12-17 18-29 30-45 46-64 65+

26. Playing volleyball ............................................... 45.9 23.6 17.5 11.0 1.7

27. Saltwater fishing ................................................. 17.6 19.8 16.8 17.2 9.8

28. Playing baseball .................................................. 26.2 30.5 15.3 8.9 4.4

29. Playing tennis ..................................................... 23.5 23.1 13.7 10.2 4.1

30. Hunting ............................................................... 22.0 21.2 11.5 13.9 4.4

31. Playing softball ................................................... 18.2 21.4 17.5 8.0 2.7

32. Other shooting sports .......................................... 9.9 20.8 12.9 10.6 3.4

33. Jetskiing .............................................................. 20.9 20.0 12.3 8.1 0.7

34. Attending an auto race ........................................ 9.4 22.0 10.5 8.3 4.0

35. Driving a motorcycle .......................................... 7.7 23.8 11.7 8.3 0.3

36. Canoeing, kayaking, rafting ................................ 14.9 16.9 9.6 10.0 3.4

37. Skateboarding,in-line skating, roller skating ...... 41.4 15.0 8.9 2.6 0.7

38. Horseback riding ................................................. 10.5 17.4 10.1 6.3 0.7

39. Playing soccer ..................................................... 21.9 13.1 6.4 3.3 0.7

40. Shellfishing/Shrimping ....................................... 9.8 8.3 7.7 7.4 3.7

41. Waterskiing ......................................................... 9.9 12.1 5.0 4.1 0.7

42. Rock climbing, rappelling .................................. 13.3 9.0 8.9 1.5 0.7

43. Sailing ................................................................. 1.7 3.6 2.2 3.1 2.4

44. Geocaching/orienteering ..................................... 0.6 3.3 3.3 2.2 1.4

45. Hunting dog field trials ....................................... 3.9 5.0 1.2 1.5 1.0

46. In-line hockey ..................................................... 2.8 4.3 0.3 0.0 0.0

Physically active sports, such as jogging or running, playing basketball, football, soccer, or volleyball, working out with weights or exercise machines and pool swimming have the highest participation rates among residents aged 12-to-17. Participation in these active sports declines as age increases. The most frequently observed pattern is for participation to be highest in the 12-to-17 and 18-to-29 age groups, and then to decline across the three older groups. Participation levels for activities among persons in these younger age groups were significantly higher than those in older age groups for beach swimming or sun bathing, off-road vehicle riding, lake or river swimming; playing baseball, softball, or tennis; canoeing, kayaking, or rafting; jet-skiing; waterskiing; hunting; hunting dog field trials; attending an auto race; and in-line hockey.

Age group differences that were attributable to a much higher level of participation among the youngest age group were found for bicycling and skateboarding, in-line skating, and roller skating. Differences that were the result of a lower participation rate among those 65 and older relative to other groups were evident for freshwater fishing, saltwater fishing, visiting historical sites, motor boating, and camping.

In general, persons in younger age groups exhibit higher participation levels in recreational activities. This is particularly true for vigorous physical activities such as jogging or running, playing basketball, football, soccer, or volleyball, or working out with weights or exercise

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machines. However, there are activities for which those in the middle age categories are more likely to participate and one activity – bird watching – for which persons age 65 and older show the highest level of participation.

As in previous surveys, significant differences were evident in the participation patterns of men and women (Table 20). The types of activities in which men were more likely than women to participate in traditional outdoor sports such as fresh and saltwater fishing, hunting, shellfishing and shrimping, other shooting sports, and hunting dog field trials. Men were also much more likely than women to have been camping, motorboating, waterskiing, jetskiing, and lake or river swimming in the past twelve months. A significantly higher percentage of men than women also have participated in physically active group sports, such as basketball, baseball, and football. In addition, a higher percentage of men engaged in a number of "individual" recreational activities, such as jogging or running, off-road vehicle riding, and rock climbing or rappelling. A larger percentage of men than women attended an auto race or other outdoor sporting events. Women are generally more likely to engage in more passive leisure-time activities, such as visiting a zoo, museum, or historical site; picnicking; bird watching; or walking for pleasure or on a guided nature trail. More physically active recreational activities in which a higher percentage of women than men participated include playing volleyball; skateboarding, in-line skating, or roller skating; horseback riding; and driving for pleasure.

Table 20. Statewide Recreation Participation by Gender, 2005

Recreational Activity Men Women

1. Walking for pleasure or exercise ................................... 77.0 89.1

2. Attending outdoor sporting events ................................. 67.0 60.1

3. Beach swimming/sunbathing ......................................... 61.2 63.7

4. Driving for pleasure ....................................................... 55.2 61.1

5. Weights or exercise machines ....................................... 57.8 56.4

6. Picnicking ...................................................................... 45.6 60.7

7. Pool swimming .............................................................. 51.5 54.8

8. Visiting historical sites .................................................. 47.9 56.0

9. Bicycling ........................................................................ 43.4 42.4

10. Visiting a museum ......................................................... 31.1 45.3

11. Freshwater fishing ......................................................... 51.8 23.4

12. Visiting an unusual natural feature ................................ 33.1 36.3

13. Playing basketball .......................................................... 41.0 28.4

14. Visiting a zoo ................................................................. 28.9 39.0

15. Motorboating ................................................................. 38.2 30.3

16. Jogging/running ............................................................. 40.6 27.7

17. Watching wildlife .......................................................... 31.6 35.1

18. Lake/river swimming ..................................................... 32.3 23.9

19. Off-road vehicle riding .................................................. 29.8 17.6

20. Camping ......................................................................... 27.1 19.2

21. Playing football .............................................................. 21.7 13.7

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Table 20. Statewide Recreation Participation by Gender, 2005, Continued

Recreational Activity Men Women

22. Golf ................................................................................ 32.1 10.8

23. Guided nature trail/study ............................................... 15.8 24.7

24. Bird watching ................................................................ 16.1 24.0

25. Hiking ............................................................................ 20.0 16.5

26. Playing volleyball .......................................................... 14.6 19.7

27. Saltwater fishing ............................................................ 22.1 10.7

28. Playing baseball ............................................................. 19.9 12.1

29. Playing tennis ................................................................ 12.4 16.1

30. Hunting .......................................................................... 24.0 3.8

31. Playing softball .............................................................. 12.6 14.4

32. Other shooting sports ..................................................... 18.4 5.9

33. Jetskiing ......................................................................... 13.8 9.9

34. Attending an auto race ................................................... 14.4 7.9

35. Driving a motorcycle ..................................................... 14.1 8.3

36. Canoeing, kayaking, rafting ........................................... 11.6 9.8

37. Skateboarding, in-line skating, roller skating ................ 7.7 12.3

38. Horseback riding ............................................................ 7.0 11.0

39. Playing soccer ................................................................ 8.0 7.2

40. Shellfishing/shrimping ................................................... 8.8 5.5

41. Waterskiing .................................................................... 8.0 4.3

42. Rock climbing, rappelling ............................................. 8.7 3.6

43. Sailing ............................................................................ 2.3 3.2

44. Geocaching/orienteering ................................................ 4.3 0.8

45. Hunting dog field trials .................................................. 3.8 0.8

46. In-line hockey ................................................................ 2.0 0.6

Participation and preference differences by respondent’s family income were also significant for a number of recreational activities (Table 21). Among the largest differences were the percentages of each group that reported going to the beach to swim or sunbathe, which ranged from 42.6% among those with family incomes under $20,000 to 85.7% among those with family incomes of $75,000 or higher. Relatively large differences were also evident for activities such as visiting historic sites, golf, motorboating, visiting a zoo and swimming in a pool. Activities for which income differences were not significant tended to be fairly standard, day-to-day activities such as walking for pleasure or exercise, jogging or running; bird watching; or driving a motorcycle for pleasure; team sports that are relatively inexpensive such as basketball, volleyball, football, baseball, softball, or soccer; or activities in which only a small percentage of the population participates, such as hunting dog field trials, sailing, and shellfishing or shrimping.

Although the pattern is not evident across all activities, the general tendency is for South Carolinians from higher income families to participate in the surveyed recreational activities at

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a higher rate than persons with lower incomes. In general, higher incomes provide individuals the means and opportunity to participate in a variety of leisure-time activities.

Table 21. Statewide Recreation Participation by Family Income, 2005

Family Income Level

Activity Under

$20,000 $20,000-34,999

$35,000-49,999

$50,000-74,999 $75,000+

1. Walking for pleasure or exercise ........ 80.7 84.1 86.8 87.0 85.2

2. Attending outdoor sporting events ...... 57.5 61.8 62.1 74.2 73.9

3. Beach swimming/sunbathing .............. 42.6 56.9 58.5 78.5 85.7

4. Driving for pleasure ............................ 53.6 60.0 68.9 62.3 57.3

5. Weights or exercise machines ............. 47.3 57.5 60.8 60.1 67.6

6. Picnicking ........................................... 45.3 52.3 50.0 59.7 63.4

7. Pool swimming ................................... 41.7 47.2 56.6 66.9 63.5

8. Visiting historical sites ........................ 25.7 44.4 58.5 60.9 73.6

9. Bicycling ............................................. 36.4 39.7 46.6 44.2 48.7

10. Visiting a museum .............................. 21.5 35.0 45.7 44.9 53.0

11. Freshwater fishing ............................... 38.2 32.7 35.0 45.9 43.6

12. Visiting an unusual natural feature ..... 19.8 30.1 41.6 39.1 47.7

13. Playing basketball ............................... 37.2 32.4 36.7 34.4 35.4

14. Visiting a zoo ...................................... 25.7 32.0 33.8 39.9 43.2

15. Motorboating ...................................... 19.8 25.9 27.1 46.4 51.0

16. Jogging/running .................................. 34.3 27.7 34.4 34.0 39.3

17. Watching wildlife ............................... 26.5 32.1 35.4 35.2 40.8

18. Lake/river swimming .......................... 18.0 24.2 25.1 38.1 37.8

19. Off-road vehicle riding ....................... 27.5 18.3 28.1 22.4 25.7

20. Camping .............................................. 17.5 16.0 24.1 31.7 31.4

21. Playing football ................................... 26.0 21.6 23.8 27.5 16.7

22. Golf ..................................................... 11.8 13.1 18.0 29.4 35.4

23. Guided nature trail/study .................... 15.7 20.9 19.9 22.9 26.6

24. Bird watching ...................................... 16.3 22.6 24.4 15.6 21.7

25. Hiking ................................................. 8.6 12.4 21.9 19.9 29.0

26. Playing volleyball ............................... 15.6 19.8 20.9 16.6 16.0

27. Saltwater fishing ................................. 11.5 9.5 12.2 26.1 23.0

28. Playing baseball .................................. 20.1 14.8 16.1 21.8 12.1

29. Playing tennis ...................................... 13.9 10.8 14.8 12.9 17.9

30. Hunting ............................................... 11.8 8.5 12.2 13.9 23.2

31. Playing softball ................................... 11.3 15.7 18.7 16.9 12.1

32. Other shooting sports .......................... 6.5 11.8 13.2 16.2 15.3

33. Jetskiing .............................................. 1.8 7.8 10.6 20.1 20.0

34. Attending an auto race ........................ 5.3 12.1 11.0 19.5 9.9

35. Driving a motorcycle .......................... 9.7 12.7 13.2 14.2 12.1

36. Canoeing, kayaking, rafting ................ 4.4 4.9 6.1 17.2 19.1

37. Skateboarding, in-line skating, ............ roller skating

10.9 9.8 7.1 8.3 11.8

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Table 21. Statewide Recreation Participation by Family Income, 2005, Continued

Family Income Level

Activity Under

$20,000 $20,000-34,999

$35,000-49,999

$50,000-74,999 $75,000+

38. Horseback riding ................................. 9.8 9.2 9.6 10.6 10.2

39. Playing soccer ..................................... 5.0 5.2 8.0 8.3 8.0

40. Shellfishing/shrimping ........................ 5.3 4.9 6.4 10.2 9.7

41. Waterskiing ......................................... 1.5 3.9 5.1 10.6 9.7

42. Rock climbing, rappelling ................... 3.2 2.3 8.0 4.3 13.3

43. Sailing ................................................. 0.9 2.0 2.3 3.6 3.4

44. Geocaching/orienteering .................... 2.4 0.7 3.2 1.3 5.8

45. Hunting dog field trials ...................... 0.9 1.0 3.5 3.6 2.2

46. In-line hockey .................................... 0.9 0.7 0.3 3.6 1.4

Data also demonstrated differing participation levels for a number of these activities between the races (Table 22). Some of the largest and most consistent racial differences involve water-related activities, with a significantly higher percentage of whites than blacks participating. Differences are particularly evident for activities such as motorboating; swimming in a lake or river; going to the beach to swim or sunbathe; freshwater fishing; pool swimming; jetskiing; waterskiing; saltwater fishing; canoeing, kayaking or rafting; and shellfishing or shrimping. Whites were also more likely than blacks to participate in traditional outdoor recreational activities such as camping, hiking, hunting, other shooting sports, and participating in hunting dog field trials. A higher percentage of whites than blacks also reported visiting historic sites or an unusual natural feature, bird or wildlife watching, off-road vehicle riding, horseback riding, playing golf, and attending an auto race. The activity for which black participation was higher than that of whites and for which the difference between the races was greatest was playing basketball. A higher percentage of blacks than whites also reported playing football, volleyball, and softball; bicycling; jogging or running; and working out with weights or exercise machines. Blacks were also more likely than whites to have taken a drive for pleasure in the past 12 months.

Table 22. Statewide Recreation Participation by Race, 2005

Race

Activity Black White

1. Walking for pleasure or exercise ................................ 85.5 82.6

2. Attending outdoor sporting events ............................. 65.5 63.4

3. Beach swimming/sunbathing ..................................... 54.0 66.7

4. Driving for pleasure ................................................... 62.7 56.2

5. Weights or exercise machines .................................... 63.5 54.3

6. Picnicking ................................................................... 49.7 55.4

7. Pool swimming ........................................................... 39.1 60.0

8. Visiting historical sites ............................................... 42.0 57.4

9. Bicycling .................................................................... 53.0 38.8

10. Visiting a museum ...................................................... 36.8 39.8

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Table 22. Statewide Recreation Participation by Race, 2005, Continued

Race

Activity Black White

11. Freshwater fishing ...................................................... 33.2 39.7

12. Visiting an unusual natural feature ............................. 17.8 42.1

13. Playing basketball ...................................................... 52.7 27.0

14. Visiting a zoo ............................................................. 32.2 35.2

15. Motorboating .............................................................. 11.5 44.2

16. Jogging/running .......................................................... 43.4 30.2

17. Watching wildlife ....................................................... 18.7 39.7

18. Lake/river swimming ................................................. 10.3 36.0

19. Off-road vehicle riding ............................................... 18.7 25.5

20. Camping ..................................................................... 7.0 30.4

21. Playing football .......................................................... 26.3 20.9

22. Golf ............................................................................. 8.3 27.0

23. Guided nature trail/study ............................................ 21.0 20.3

24. Bird watching ............................................................. 13.2 23.5

25. Hiking ......................................................................... 4.7 24.4

26. Playing volleyball ....................................................... 21.8 14.9

27. Saltwater fishing ......................................................... 9.2 19.6

28. Playing baseball .......................................................... 18.5 15.2

29. Playing tennis ............................................................. 11.7 15.1

30. Hunting ....................................................................... 5.2 17.8

31. Playing softball ........................................................... 20.6 10.8

32. Other shooting sports ................................................. 4.2 15.5

33. Jetskiing ...................................................................... 4.5 14.8

34. Attending an auto race ................................................ 7.8 13.0

35. Driving a motorcycle .................................................. 9.0 12.0

36. Canoeing, kayaking, rafting ....................................... 3.2 13.8

37. Skateboarding, in-line skating, roller skating ............. 8.2 10.7

38. Horseback riding ........................................................ 4.2 11.2

39. Playing soccer ............................................................ 7.5 7.3

40. Shellfishing/shrimping ............................................... 3.5 8.7

41. Waterskiing ................................................................ 0.3 8.6

42. Rock climbing, rappelling .......................................... 5.7 6.2

43. Sailing ......................................................................... 2.2 2.8

44. Geocaching/orienteering ............................................ 1.8 2.8

45. Hunting dog field trials ............................................... 0.8 2.9

46. In-line hockey ............................................................. 0.7 1.5

In addition to differences attributable to gender, age, income and race, there were also regional differences among State residents evident in both the types of recreational activities in which they participated and in their overall level of participation. The effect of proximity of different types of recreational resources is evident in these results. For example, while a fairly high

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percentage of the population in all ten regions had been to the beach to swim or sunbathe (62.5%), this percentage was highest in the coastal Lowcountry (73.3%), Waccamaw (69.6%) and Berkeley-Charleston-Dorchester (68.4%) regions and lowest in the Upper Savannah and Appalachian regions. Similarly, there were large regional variations in the percentage of residents who had visited a zoo in the past twelve months. The State's largest zoo, Riverbanks Zoo, is located in the Central Midlands region. Nearly two-thirds (60.4%) of respondents from the Central Midlands region reported visiting a zoo within the last year. Among the nine regions, the second highest percentage for zoo visitation was 36.6% for the Lower Savannah region, with residents from the Lowcountry region having the lowest percentage of participation at only 15.2%. Other examples are saltwater fishing in which 30.1% of Lowcountry Planning District residents participated – nearly twice the rate of residents statewide at 16.2%. Lowcountry residents also participated in shellfishing and shrimping at a rate of 30.3% – more than four times the 7.1% rate of residents statewide. When examining overall regional participation patterns, there are two urbanized regions in which a higher percentage of residents participate in a broad range of recreational and leisure-time activities and two rural regions in which overall participation rates are generally lower. The more urbanized Berkeley-Charleston-Dorchester and Central Midlands Regions had generally higher participation, while residents of the more rural Lower Savannah and Pee Dee regions tended to participate at slightly lower levels. Appendix A provides additional information about the recreational activities of residents by regional planning district as compared to residents statewide.

b. Participation Location The location where recreational activities occur is also an important consideration in determining recreational participation needs in the State. In this survey, respondents who had taken part in a number of these activities in the past 12 months were asked where they last participated in that activity. These activities can be divided into three types: 1) those for which the overwhelming majority of participation takes place in the individual’s home region; 2) those for which a majority of the participation occurs in the home region, but for which a significant percentage also takes place in another area; and 3) those for which more than half of the participation takes place outside of the respondent’s home region. The first type of activities, for which more than 80% of participation occurs in the region close to the respondent’s home, are those day-to-day recreational activities that can take place in most any community. These activities include playing football, baseball, tennis, soccer, softball, bicycling, and playing golf. For the second set of activities, a majority of participation occurs in the respondent’s home district, but the activities begin to involve or require a special resource or facility type – such as freshwater fishing, motorboating, hunting, or walking on a guided nature trail. Activities in which 50% or less of the participation occurs in the respondent’s home region fall into one of two categories: 1) those that can only take place in certain geographic areas; and 2) those that may take place over a more extended period of time. Shellfishing or shrimping, saltwater fishing, and beach swimming or sunbathing can only take place in certain coastal environs, making the percentage of these activities that occur outside of a respondent’s home area

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naturally greater than that for activities in which participation can take place anywhere in the State. Hiking, camping, or float trips are often extended activities that are more likely to take place over a period of several days and to involve travel away from home. A relatively high percentage of these outdoor activities, together with walking a guided nature trail, visiting historical sites, and horseback riding, occur outside of South Carolina.

c. Patterns Of Participation The level of participation in individual recreational activities has remained generally stable over time. The overall pattern of taking part in these various activities has also reflected a consistent trend across the survey periods. As in previous surveys, the participation patterns in outdoor recreational activities in South Carolina form four distinct activity clusters: 1) physically active; 2) less vigorous participation; 3) water sports; and 4) outdoor activities. In terms of physically active recreation, respondents who had played basketball in the past twelve months also tended to be involved in other more active forms of recreation such as playing football, soccer, baseball, softball, volleyball, or tennis, and jogging or running. Persons whose participation in recreational activities can be characterized as physically active were more likely to have been involved in bicycling, working out with weights or exercise machines, skateboarding, in-line skating, or roller skating, and swimming in an outdoor pool, and were also more likely to have attended an outdoor sporting event. Participation in less

vigorous activities such as visiting an historic site also correlated with similar activities such as visiting a museum, visiting an unusual natural feature or a zoo, bird watching, wildlife watching, picnicking, walking for pleasure or exercise, and driving for pleasure. Individuals who engage in any water-related activities are also more likely to participate in other similar activities including motorboating, waterskiing, jetskiing, canoeing or rafting, shellfishing or shrimping, saltwater fishing, beach swimming or sunbathing, and lake or river swimming. Similarly, those who enjoy traditional outdoor activities such as hunting or other shooting sports also tended to participate in other outdoor activities like camping, horseback riding, freshwater fishing, off-road vehicle riding, and hunting dog field trials.

d. Seasonal Preference

The seasonal preference of various types of recreational activities among South Carolinians continues, as evidenced in the most recent survey in which preferences differed only slightly from prior surveys. As in previous years, “playing ball” was the preferred outdoor recreational activity in both the spring/summer with 21% participation. However, “walking for pleasure” replaced “playing ball” (20.7%) in 2005 as the preferred fall or winter activity with 23.3% participation. The percentage of persons who cited walking as their preferred spring or summer activity increased from only 6.3% in 1999 to 14.6% in 2005. The latest survey reveals that the effect of season on recreational preferences is significant. Swimming is the second preferred activity in the spring/summer (11.1%), but the percentage of residents naming this as their favorite fall/winter activity drops significantly to 1.2%. Similar declines between spring or summer and fall or winter preferences are found for fishing and motorboating. Activities that are more likely to be preferred in the fall/winter than in the spring/summer include walking for

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pleasure (23.3% to 14.6%), hunting (6.8% to 1.3%), bicycling (3.5% to 2.8%) and hiking (4.9% to 2.3%). As expected, no participation in snow skiing or ice skating was indicated in the spring or summer and jetskiing, waterskiing, or other water sports were not cited as preferred fall or winter activities. Age, race, sex, and income were all significantly related to preference for playing ball in all seasons of the year. Residents under 30 years (particularly between 12 and 17 years of age), as well as blacks were particularly likely to cite playing ball as their preferred activity in all seasons, while men and residents from lower income families were slightly more likely than women and respondents with higher incomes to prefer this activity. The percentage of respondents that cited walking as their preferred activity was highest among women and persons aged 65 or older for all seasons. Older people were also more likely to cite fishing and golf as preferred spring or summer activities, and selected golf as their favored recreational activity in the fall or winter. A higher percentage of women preferred swimming as a spring or summer activity, while men preferred playing ball, fishing or golf. A much higher percentage of white respondents selected golf or fishing as a preferred activity in the spring or summer and hunting, hiking, or golf as favorite activities in the fall and winter. Persons with higher incomes were more likely to cite golf or some other type of recreational activity as their preference in the spring and summer, and selected golf as a preferred activity in the fall or winter months.

e. Recreation Perceptions Yet another point of interest in the 2005 Study were public perceptions of recreational opportunities in the Palmetto State. To assess perceptions, respondents were asked whether they thought that South Carolina had enough outdoor recreation and leisure-time facilities and activities for State residents; the type of additional facilities that were most needed; and how these additional facilities should be provided. As with most of the items examined in the study, these perceptions displayed remarkable consistency over time. The percentage of South Carolinians who feel the State has adequate outdoor recreation or leisure-time facilities and activities was 59.7% in 1984, 60.4% in 1990, 59.8% in 1994, 61.3% in 1999, and 63.5% in the current 2005 Survey. Residents voiced that a wide range of facilities and activities are needed and, as in prior years, parks are mentioned most frequently as a recreational need, followed by swimming facilities, activities for youth, basketball facilities, bicycle paths and playgrounds. Moreover, a common concern that continues to surface in the survey data is the need to provide recreational opportunities for young people. “Activities for youth" and “facilities for youth” are often mentioned as the State’s greatest recreational need. Many of the specific facility needs cited – such as playgrounds, recreational centers, and youth centers – are designed primarily to serve young residents. Those who feel that additional recreation or leisure-time facilities or activities are necessary in South Carolina believe that all levels of government as well as business and civic organizations should share responsibility for providing these facilities.

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f. Special Populations Nationally, and especially in the Southeast, meeting the recreational needs of all individuals is a particular challenge. Consideration must be given to those who may experience barriers to accessing recreational facilities or programs for a variety of reasons such as financial, cultural, geographic, and physical. The unique needs of special populations including minorities, older adults, persons with disabilities, and the economically disadvantaged are examined in greater detail. It is recognized that the needs of these special populations extend well beyond recreation and that recreation providers must work closely with other public and private service providers in transportation, community health, and planning to coordinate efforts to meet the diverse needs of these population groups. Additional insight to the needs and issues confronting special populations is warranted in outdoor recreation planning. Although the discussion that follows can not fully encompass the complexity of needs and issues encountered by these different groups, it is intended to encourage awareness and dialogue to address the recreational needs and issues faced by special populations. Minorities and Ethnic Populations South Carolina ranks the 7th highest in the nation – behind the District of Columbia and the states of Hawaii, Mississippi, Maryland, Louisiana and Georgia – in the overall percentage of minority population. Caucasians and African-Americans comprise 68.4% and 29.2% of the State’s population, respectively. The State’s African-American population is more than double the national percentage, while the State’s percentage of Asian, American Indian, and Hispanic population currently falls below national averages. However, the racial composition of the State’s minority population is changing substantially. The US Census reports that South Carolina’s foreign-born population grew more rapidly (a 47% increase) from 2000 to 2005 than any other state in the nation. South Carolina posted a 350% increase in Latino residents, from approximately 30,000 to 135,000 persons, during that same time period, while growth in the Latino population nationwide was 87%. A 2007 report by The Consortium for Latino Immigration Studies at the University of South Carolina indicates that the actual number of Latinos in the State could be at least twice that reported by the Census Bureau, due to the widely recognized undercount of Latinos in the United States. Native Americans comprise only 0.36% of the State's total population. 2005 Census estimates show 15,590 resident Native Americans in South Carolina, an increase of nearly double the 8,049 resident Native Americans in 1990. York County has the highest number with 1,548 Native Americans residents or about 0.8% of the County's population – 9.9% of the Native Americans in the State. Other counties with notable numbers of Native Americans include Greenville (981), Charleston (963), Marlboro (961), Horry (882), Richland (881), Spartanburg (880) and Lexington (854). The Catawba Nation is the only South Carolina Native American tribe recognized by the State and the Federal government. The Catawba Reservation is located on approximately 630 acres along the Catawba River in York County. Other Native American tribes recognized by the

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State of South Carolina include the Beaver Creek Indians in Aiken County, Pee Dee Indian Nation of Upper South Carolina in Dillon County, Pee Dee Indian Tribe in Marlboro County, Santee Indian Organization in Orangeburg and Berkeley counties, and Waccamaw Indian People in Horry County. In addition, the State has also recognized Native American groups including the Chaloklowa Chickasaw Indian People; Eastern Cherokee, Southern Iroquois and United Tribes of SC, Inc.; Natchez Tribe of South Carolina; Pee Indian Tribe of Beaver Creek; Piedmont American Indian Association; Lower Eastern Cherokee Nation of South Carolina; and Wassamasaw Tribe of Vernertown Indians. As evidenced in the 2005 Participation and Preference Study and the 2001 State Survey, the recreational needs of minorities in South Carolina reveal differences in recreational priorities and types of activities. For many minorities, access to recreational opportunities heavily depends on individual proximity to existing facilities and programs, available transportation, and costs to participate. For instance, African-American respondents to the 2001 Survey indicated a stronger priority than whites for the acquisition of land for local urban and rural parks. Older Adults Mirroring national trends, South Carolina's older population is increasing. Estimates provided by the SC Office of Research and Statistics identified 598,550 South Carolinians aged 65 and older, comprising 14.1% of the State’s total population for 2005. Females make up 51.3% of the over 65 group. In 1960, only 6.3% of the State's population was 65 and over. This segment of the population had grown to 9.2% in 1980, 11.3% in 1990 and 12.1% by 2000. Census Bureau projections indicate older adults will comprise more than one-fifth (22%) of the State's population by the year 2030. In 2005, Greenville County had the highest number of older adults with 54,914 individuals, more than 9% of the State's older adult population. Other counties with more than 30,000 older adult residents included Charleston County (44,578), Horry County (39,278) and Richland County (31,475). McCormick County had the highest percentage (22.1%) of older adult residents, followed by Beaufort and Georgetown Counties (19.2%), Oconee County (18.5%), and Union County (18.3%). Living on fixed and often reduced incomes, the elderly are more likely to be poor than any other age group. In 1999, nearly 14% or 64,688 South Carolinians over the age of 65 had incomes below the poverty level. The largest number of the over 65 group that have incomes over the poverty level are located in Greenville (4,524), Charleston (4,461), Spartanburg (4,111), and Richland (3,554) counties. Among the counties with the highest percentage of their older populations living below poverty, Lee County had the highest at 27.9%, followed by Dillon County at 26.6%, Allendale County at 26%, Williamsburg County at 25.9%, and Bamberg County at 25.8%. The older population is diverse in racial and ethnic composition, marital status, socioeconomic status, and living arrangements. Within this group are varying levels of physical performance and wellness. This diversity within the over 65 group shifts and changes over time as each

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generation enters retirement. The Planning Advisory Service Report, Planning for an Aging

Society, describes these groups as "cohorts." Cohorts are a "group of people born in a year or period of time that differentiates them from other groups" and bring with them the value systems and attitudes shaped by their social, economic, and political experiences. People retiring in recent decades are more educated, affluent, healthier, and more vigorous than previous cohorts of retirees. The PAS Report emphasizes that the diversity among older populations be recognized so that policies can be designed to meet their special needs. The Report also makes several recommendations for design consideration when planning programs or facilities that will include older adults. Most of the design recommendations, summarized in Chart 3, are based on Federal regulations.

Chart 3. Design Recommendations for an Aging Society

� Meeting rooms and hallways should be well lighted but have floor surfaces that minimize glare. Highly polished surfaces are visually confusing and create a hazardous environment.

� Reading materials should be produced in clear print with strong contrast between print and page color. Contrast is best between black and white.

� All signs need clear lettering (sans serif), with good contrast such as black ink on a light background. Whenever possible, signs should be placed at eye level.

� Audiovisual programs should employ a narrator with a deep voice.

� Hot and cold water faucets should be clearly marked. The combination of poor vision, reduced sensitivity to pain, and slower reaction time increases the potential for burns if the hot water flows when cold water is expected (could also reduce water temperature to 120 degrees Fahrenheit or less).

� All variations in elevation should be gradual and well marked. Ground surfaces should be even, where possible, to avoid potential falls.

� Handrails should be rounded, easy to grasp, and present on both sides of stairways and steps.

� Public restrooms should be easy to find, clearly marked, and accessible to wheelchairs. Attention should be given to solving the problem of a spouse helping a wheelchair-using individual in a public restroom. Unisex, single- stall restrooms can be helpful.

� Changes in depth perception indicate that stairs and areas with abrupt changes in elevation should be clearly marked so that the potential hazard is noticed. Heavily patterned indoor carpet and brick or aggregate outdoor steps make perception of changes in elevation very difficult and create a hazard for falls.

� To address problems with glare, consider aligning roads, signs, paths, and walkways to avoid looking directly into the rising or setting sun.

� Provide covered exercise or walking tracks.

Source: "Planning for an Aging Society," Planning Advisory Service Report Number 451,

American Planning Association, 1994.

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To better accommodate the recreational needs of older individuals, recreation providers must consider the different limitations faced by the older adult population when developing and promoting appropriate programs and facilities for the older adult population. As adults grow older, it becomes increasingly important to the individual to remain an active and viable member of the community. Planning for recreational facilities and programs should take into consideration the limitations of the aging body. The older adult tends to become isolated as these limitations preclude them from participation in activities that were once easily accessible. The PAS Report notes that the body's overall degeneration begins around age 30 with a detectable loss of hearing. The slow degenerative process continues into age 50 where eyesight can begin to fail for objects at close range and overall stamina is reduced. By age 60, there is noticeable trouble discerning tones and distinguishing colors. The eyesight continues to weaken at age 70 and decreases in muscle strength, agility, and motor control continue. The 2005 South Carolina Recreation Participation and Preference Study identified the top recreational activities for older adults. For persons aged 65 and over, outdoor recreation participation included walking for pleasure or exercise (79.8%), driving for pleasure (56.6%), picnicking (45.4%), visiting historic sites (41.2%), and attending outdoor sporting events (40.5%). Persons with Disabilities Disabilities can include a wide range of conditions – physical limitations, mental illness, and serious medical conditions. Included are persons with mental retardation, autism, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury and similar disabilities. A person is considered to have a disability if he/she has difficulty performing functions such as seeing, hearing, talking, walking, climbing stairs, lifting and carrying; has difficulty performing activities of daily living; or has difficulty with social roles such as helping children with homework, working at a job or doing household chores. Nationally, 28.9% of families (approximately 2 in every 7 families) reported having at least one member with a disability in the 2000 Census.

Data from the 2000 Census reveals that 12.2% (810,857 persons) of South Carolinians aged 5 and over are disabled. Residents aged 65 and older comprise the group with the highest percentage of disabled persons at 45.8% (213,448 persons). Mental disabilities include ongoing difficulties related to learning, remembering or concentrating and account for 13.8% of the disability types statewide. More than 10% of disabilities tallied were sensory disabilities that include blindness, deafness, or severe vision or hearing impairment. Physical disabilities, including conditions that substantially limit one or more basic physical activities such as walking, climbing stairs, reaching, lifting, or carrying, comprise 23.6% of all disabilities reported in South Carolina.

The South Carolina Vocational Rehabilitation Department helps South Carolinians with disabilities to prepare for, achieve and maintain competitive employment through a statewide service delivery system. During Fiscal Year 2005-06, the Department served 43,811 persons with various disabilities and rehabilitated 8,729 persons. Table 23 provides data on the types of disabilities affecting persons with disabilities during Fiscal Years (FY) 2001 to 2004.

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Table 23. Persons with Disabilities Rehabilitated* by the SC Vocational Rehabilitation Department, Fiscal Years 2001-2004

Type of Disability 2001 2002 2003 2004 Alcohol/Drug Abuse or Dependence 2,675 2,519 2,418 2,487

Cardiac/Circulatory System Conditions 1,040 1,092 1,075 1,100

Developmental Impairments 475 448 451 384

Digestive System Disorders 19 14 10 8

End Stage Renal Disease/Genitourinary 12 16 13 22

Endocrine Disorders, including Diabetes 383 382 439 412

Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders 96 93 115 99

Learning Disorders (not mental retardation) 175 188 251 384

Mental Illness and Related Disorders 2,250 2,130 2,041 2,105

Orthopedic Disabilities/Amputation 665 673 712 612

Respiratory Diseases 98 94 91 83

Spinal Cord Injury 124 107 70 36

Traumatic Brain Injury 103 83 73 61

Other Physical Conditions 984 971 1,132 1,163

Total 9,099 8,810 8,891 8,956 * SCVRD considers a person to be rehabilitated only when engaged in gainful employment.

Source: SC Office of Research and Statistics, 2006 Statistical Abstract.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law in 1990. Title III of the ADA guarantees disabled persons with the "full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages or accommodations" of any public facilities. To eliminate discrimination against the disabled, the ADA requires public accommodations to provide equal opportunity, not merely equal treatment. However, the ADA does permit different or separate treatment where necessary to ensure equal opportunity and truly effective benefits and services. To be considered "disabled" under the ADA, "a person must have a condition that impairs a major life activity or a history of such a condition, or be regarded as having such a condition.” According to the ADA, a person is physically disabled when he or she has a physical impairment (including impaired sensory, manual or speaking abilities), which results in a functional limitation in access and use of a building or facility.

As in previous surveys, the 2005 Study reports participation rates among respondents who identify a health or physical condition, handicap, or disability that limits their use of outdoor recreation sites and facilities. As in prior years, those who reported having a limiting health or physical condition also had a lower participation rate in recreational activities. This was particularly true for activities such as going to the beach to swim or sunbathe, jogging or running, playing basketball, swimming, or attending outdoor sporting events. As in previous surveys, there are several activities in which having a physical or health condition does not necessarily limit participation, including driving for pleasure, picnicking, watching wildlife, bird watching, going on a guided nature trail or study, freshwater fishing and saltwater fishing. While persons with some type of physical limitation are less likely to take part in recreation that is more "physically active," these residents do participate in a number of less strenuous activities at levels almost equal to persons without a limiting condition. Respondents who reported having a physical or health condition were also asked if there were any site changes

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that would help them to enjoy recreation sites. While two-thirds of individuals did not mention any change, other respondents cited a wide variety of specific changes that they would like to see implemented. Many of the recommended site changes were directed toward providing better access to facilities, such as wheelchair access, inclined ramps, or making it easier to get up ramps. Other suggestions included providing wheelchairs or walkers, more walkways, more shaded areas or shelters, and better facilities generally.

As the population of the State ages, both in concert with national trends and as a result of a steady influx of retirees from other areas of the country, the provision of recreational facilities that meet the needs of disabled persons will become increasingly important. More than one-fourth (26.3%) of all disabled persons in South Carolina are 65 years of age or older. The recreational needs of persons with disabilities vary greatly by type of disability. Close attention must be paid to ADA requirements in providing accessibility for the disabled. Often, only minor adjustments are needed to make it possible for all people to participate in existing activities and programs. Additional efforts could be made to promote and publicize available programs and facilities. For example, persons using wheelchairs may need access to structures and other facilities via ramps, widened doorways, and hard smooth surfaces on walkways. Vision impaired persons may need special items such as handrails on trails, Braille or raised lettering on signs and brochures, and\or audio messages or taped tours. Persons with learning disabilities may need pictures or symbols along with written messages on signs and brochures to help interpret the messages. Special attention may be needed to accommodate hearing impaired individuals since other disabilities may be more easily identifiable. In addition, the needs of individuals with temporary conditions such as those with sprains or fractures, pregnant women, and children in strollers should be considered. Economically Disadvantaged More than 14%, or 547,869 South Carolinians, live below poverty. However, a closer look at poverty statistics reveals that 18.8% of the State’s children and 13.9% of its elderly residents live below poverty. The greatest numbers of residents living in poverty are found in the State’s urban areas. Charleston County topped the list with 49,330 persons (9% of the State total) with incomes below the poverty level, followed by Richland County with 40,386, Greenville County with 38,825, and Spartanburg County with 30,394. However, the highest per capita concentrations of South Carolinians living in poverty are found in the State’s more rural and economically distressed regions. Rural Allendale County had the highest concentration of persons with incomes below the poverty level with 34.5% of the County's population meeting that criterion. Other counties with high poverty levels include Williamsburg County (27.9%), Bamberg County (27.8%), and Dillon County (24.2%). The 2000 Census reports that of the 994,348 persons in the State aged 17 and under, 18.8% (187,275) were living below the poverty level. The 18-to-34 age group had the next highest number (139,926) of persons with incomes below poverty and the second highest percentage of persons with incomes below poverty (15.8%). The 65-and-over age group also had a high

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percentage of persons with incomes below poverty at 13.9% (64,688). Table 24 shows the breakdown of income below poverty by the major age groups. Table 24. Poverty Status for SC Residents by Age, 1999

Age Total

Population Population with Income

Below Poverty Total Population 3,883,329 547,869 14.1% 0 to 17 years 994,348 187,275 18.8% 18 to 34 years 883,724 139,926 15.8% 35 to 54 years 1,169,720 115,450 9.9% 55 to 64 years 369,690 40,530 11.0% 65+ years 465,847 64,688 13.9%

Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 Census.

Another poverty concern is the young children of single-parent families. There were 76,060 single-parent families with children under 18 years of age with incomes below poverty levels, representing almost 56% of all families in poverty. Of single-parent families living in poverty statewide, more than 90% (58,503 families) are headed by a single-female. The counties with the highest number of single-parent, female head of household families living in poverty were Charleston (5,700 families), Richland (4,557 families), and Greenville (4,036 families). Counties with the highest percentages of families in poverty headed by a female single-parent were Charleston and Richland Counties at 59.1%, Marion County at 58.3% and Union County at 57.6%. South Carolina has one of the lowest per capita incomes ($29,688) in the nation, ahead of only Mississippi ($26,908), West Virginia ($28,067), and Arkansas ($28,444). The State ranks 47th in the nation in per capita income, falling from 42nd highest in 2005. South Carolina's per capita income lags well behind that of the nation ($36,629) and the Southeast ($33,170). The State's low per capita income and relatively high percentage of persons whose income is below the poverty level indicate economic disadvantages for many South Carolinians. Children and the elderly are more susceptible to poverty than the population as a whole. It is integral that steps be taken to include the economically disadvantaged in recreational planning, programs and facilities at all levels. Economically disadvantaged individuals face many obstacles in meeting their recreational needs. These obstacles include the lack of transportation to existing recreational facilities and programs, the inability to pay user fees (particularly private fees), and the lack of information about available facilities and programs. South Carolina lacks a comprehensive transportation system even in the more metropolitan areas, where the greatest number of economically disadvantaged are located. The lack of transportation poses a formidable barrier, especially in the rural areas of the State. User fees for recreation must be weighed carefully and maintained at the lowest levels possible, especially for public facilities. Alternatives include special pricing designed to give fee reductions to economically disadvantaged residents. Information about low-cost recreational programs and facilities can be targeted to disadvantaged residents to increase awareness of and participation in the opportunities available.

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The 2005 Study reported that residents with a family income of under $20,000 participated most in: walking for pleasure (80.7%), attending outdoor sporting events (57.5%), driving for pleasure (53.6%), working out with weights or exercise machines (47.3%), picnicking (45.3%), beach swimming/sunbathing (42.6%), and pool swimming (41.7%).

g. Outdoor Recreation Trends Outdoor recreation trends have garnered international focus across multiple disciplines as our communities, our nation, and the world experience rapid growth and development that concurrently pose new opportunities and daunting challenges to keep pace with demand while preserving significant resources. Substantial population growth, combined with the changing demographic composition of Americans in terms of ethnicity, race, and age have been noted as primary factors impacting recreation trends. In the United States, the population is expected to double from 2000 to 2100, with growth among racial and ethnic groups projected to increase steadily through 2030. Immigration continues to be a major contributor to overall population growth and accounts for millions of additional residents each year. The number of older Americans (age 65 and older) is also projected within the population to rise as baby boomers reach or near retirement. The USDA Forest Service research and data from its 2000-2001 National Survey on Recreation

and the Environment show a concurrent growth in demand for recreation in the United States. Outdoor recreation continues to grow in popularity, with 97% of Americans aged 16 or older reporting participation to some extent in outdoor recreation during any given year. However, there was a dip in participation in many recreational activities from Fall 2001 to Summer 2002 attributed to public reaction to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (Outdoor Recreation for 21st Century America, Cordell, 2004). While the most favored recreational activities of the 1990s have remained popular in more recent studies, the order of popularity has shifted nationally. While walking for pleasure and family gatherings retain the top two spots in the ranking, sightseeing fell from 3rd to 5th place, while visiting nature centers and picnicking each gained one spot to 3rd and 4th in popularity. Kayaking has shown the greatest increase between 1994 and 2001, with the number of participants growing by more than 185%. Participation in motorized recreational activities such as jetskiing and driving off-road is also growing at a rapid pace. The number of persons participating in jetskiing increased by more than 119% from 1994 to 2001. The nearly 37% rise in off-road driving is supported by the skyrocketing sales of Off Highway Vehicles (OHV), which increased by 99% from 1998 to 2003. Participation and preference rankings change significantly when the actual number of occasions of a recreational activity is examined. Viewing/learning/gathering activities top the list with a mean of 136.1 occasions of participation. This category is defined as outdoor activities that focus on some aspect of nature, history or prehistory, with the intentions of watching, studying, photographing, sampling, observing and learning about natural or cultural history, or to gather natural products. While these activities require active participation, they are considered passive recreational activities. The most popular viewing/learning/gathering activity is photographing

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natural scenery, followed closely by sightseeing and viewing/photographing wildflowers and

wildlife. Among these activities, bird watching has seen the fastest growth in recent decades, with a participant increase of more than 231% from 1982 to 2001. It is important to note that the preference growth in particular activities nationwide is distinct from the actual numbers of participants in each activity. For instance, while kayaking showed substantial growth from 1994 to 2001 at 185.7%, only 7.4 million Americans participated in the sport in 2001. Conversely, while 176.8 million persons enjoyed walking for pleasure in 2001 – the largest participation of any recreational activity – there was only a 35.3% increase in participation in the activity from 1994 to 2001, resulting in a ranking of 24th among the other activities in the survey. In a presentation to the 2005 National Outdoor Recreation Conference, USDA Scientist/Project Leader, H. Ken Cordell, identified a number of issues that will impact the future of outdoor recreation at both the national and local levels:

� Public properties and providers will be tasked with accommodating most of the future growth in recreation demands.

� Restoration and management of ecosystems and recreation are high priorities for Federal properties, but lack of adequate funding will be a barrier in meeting these priorities.

� State lands, especially state parks, are reaching maturity, and will require investments in facilities maintenance and upgrade. Many of these parks will also experience the pressures of growing usage of existing limited facilities and acreage.

� Private landowners are continuing to close more land to public or leased access for recreational activity. Private lands are also being developed around many public sites, preventing the potential for public acquisition and expansion of existing public parks and lands.

� Increasing demands for activities such as climbing, off-road vehicle use, hiking, horseback riding, motorized vehicle use, wildlife viewing, and tourism services will contribute to more competition and conflicts on public and private properties.

� A broad spectrum of recreational activities are likely to experience increased conflict as demands grow for water access, trails, backcountry, developed sites, and roads.

� Traditional and non-mechanized recreational user groups often perceive much more conflict than newer non-traditional and mechanized user groups.

Building on earlier research and national assessments of demand and supply trends in outdoor recreation, USDA program staff also noted additional general recreation characteristics and trends that will shape recreational planning and policy in the coming years:

� Wilderness benefits are expanding. Users often experience spiritual growth, therapeutic healing, and interesting, fun, and relaxing experiences. Non-users obtain passive benefits based on the knowledge that the areas are preserved as natural or environmental trusts.

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� The outdoor recreation market will to continue to grow. Increases are expected in the number of participants, trips, and activity days for outdoor recreation in almost all activities and regions. Visiting beaches, lakes, and streams will be among the top activities. Crowding at these finite resources could become a problem. Water quality improvements and access improvements will grow in importance.

� Access to the private land base for recreation continues to decline. Private forestland has been a key resource for many outdoor activities in the past, but fewer landowners are allowing public access to their lands. Significant amounts of forest and agricultural lands are being converted for residential and commercial development. This creates increased pressure on the limited public land holdings, especially for dispersed recreational activities.

� Demand for nearby recreation resources is increasing. Recreational trips are generally becoming shorter in duration as recreation at nearby sites such as greenways and rail-trails is increasing. There is a continued trend toward multiple-activity, but shorter-length trips. This trend can be attributed to several factors including more two-income households, an aging population less likely to travel longer distances, an increase in the development of local trail networks, the need for more frequent getaways from the stresses of jobs and parenting, and rising fuel costs. Demand is increasing for easily accessed (drive-to) recreation opportunities, and for recreation areas that serve multiple needs and support a variety of activities near one another.

� Recreational resource development has not been equal across regions or settings. There were increases in developed recreation facilities in the last two decades, particularly in the Eastern States, that coincided with the needs of a larger population. This increase is due in part to providers moving to capitalize on revenue generating activities to provide operating funds as well as an increased emphasis and interest in recreation as an economic development tool as in nature-based tourism in rural communities. Other undeveloped publicly-owned lands are under pressure to accommodate recreational uses that, due to the nature of the activity or growth in participants, require more space. This is particularly a trend in the South, where population growth and rapid development are placing greater demands on recreational resources.

There are also new sports, advances in equipment and technology, and alternative ways of participating in existing sports that are changing the way people recreate. However, determining which of these advances and changes are sustainable trends or merely temporary fads is a challenge for recreation planners. Many new activities also pose conflicts with other recreation users. Some newer activities are attracting increased participation among women, youth, minorities, and other non-traditional groups. Emerging, growing and evolving recreational activities include:

� Mountain biking – on rough terrain rather than streets or paths � Off-road vehicles – all-terrain vehicles, motorcycles, and full-size vehicles � Backcountry usage – new gear, cell phones, GPS units � Skate-boarding – new equipment, ramps and parks, tricks and high risk activities

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� Sporting clays – clay target shooting on a course simulating hunting experiences and hunting preserves

� Hunting preserves – guided hunts on private land, often with pen-raised game � Jet skis – personal watercraft powered by water jets rather than propellers � Bass fishing – special boats and other gear, tournaments, clubs � Fly fishing – renewed interest, classes, freshwater and saltwater � Kayaking – whitewater or touring, fishing opportunities � Rowing – team and individual competition, winter training opportunities in warmer

climates � Personal exercise equipment – used at home or office � Private gyms – workout clubs, indoor pools, and other indoor activities � Geo-caching – a techno-sport using global positioning satellites (GPS) and hand-held

systems to locate specific “finds” in state, local and national parks and forests � Field Sports – soccer, lacrosse, disc golf, ultimate Frisbee � Dog parks – opportunities for “off leash” exercise, training, agility, obedience,

conformation � Water parks and spray facilities

Of particular interest to South Carolina is the continuing rise in nature-based and cultural/heritage tourism activities. The Palmetto State has a rich cultural history and natural resource base, much of which remains untapped and unprotected. Rural communities with attractive cultural, scenic and historical resources are among the fastest growing heritage tourism destinations. The numerous smaller towns and communities throughout the State stand to benefit from continued development of the regional heritage and nature-based tourism markets. Such tourism is an attractive economic development option for South Carolina’s rural communities because it preserves the region’s character, instills local pride, promotes community investment, and generates local employment opportunities. Many local jurisdictions have anchored their tourism marketing plans with an emphasis on these activities and are promoting their environmental and historic assets to attract the heritage tourist seeking historical and cultural learning opportunities, as well as the eco-tourist looking for natural and environmental sites of interest. Cultural tourism has become a high-growth activity in South Carolina, enabling communities of all sizes to capitalize on the State’s rich historical and cultural resources. Residents and tourists are visiting historic sites, retracing family histories, volunteering for archaeological digs, re-enacting battles and period lifestyles, and studying lifestyles of the past. Besides visiting historic places and museums during their trips, heritage visitors enjoy shopping, beaches, state parks, cultural events/festivals, and outdoor recreation activities such as hiking, fishing or hunting. It is clear that significant opportunities exist to develop this market more extensively at the local, regional, and state levels. Main streets are being refurbished, specialty outfitters are being opened, local museums are being established, private tour businesses are opening to accommodate visitor interests, and new touring routes are being established such as the South Carolina Heritage Corridor and the Cradle of Democracy Tour. Cultural tourism offers renewed economic opportunity for the State’s rural communities that are in the greatest need. Heritage tourism also offers new recreational opportunities for ethnic and racial minority

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groups, particularly linked to the emerging interest in African-American heritage such as the Gullah/ Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor. Nature-based tourism, also known as eco-tourism, is a rapidly growing activity. Although definitions of the terms may vary with the individual, visits to wilderness areas, guided outings for wildlife viewing, paddling, fishing, or hunting, educational outings and adventure trips (involving risk) are common examples of this type of recreational activity. A 2006 national study by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and US Bureau of the Census identified nature-based participation in the South Carolina (among both residents and non-residents) to exceed 789,000 participants in fishing, 203,000 participants in hunting, and more than 1.4 million participants observing wildlife. Residents and non-residents spent more than $2.1 billion on wildlife-associated recreation, with more than $1.3 billion spent on fishing, nearly $309 million on hunting, and an additional $483 million on wildlife viewing activities. The growing emphasis on heritage and nature-based tourism continues to hold economic promise for many communities in South Carolina. The recognition of the State’s heritage tourism resources as an economic resource and as a catalyst for community revitalization is paramount in the creation of a sustainable economy for the State and its distinct regions. However, careful assessment, coordination and planning, coupled with adequate funding resources, are integral to preserving the State’s cultural heritage and abundant natural resources and to fostering a climate for further tourism and outdoor recreation growth.

C. ISSUE IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION In order to identify the most important recreational issues of the general public, SCPRT worked with local interests in a series of regional workshops across the State. Interagency meetings contributed additional insight into emerging issues, priorities, and evolving missions relative to outdoor recreation. Issues of national concern were also considered by examining the work of national groups who have recommended actions on a number of recreational matters. The results are summarized as follows.

1. Public Workshop Process In October and November of 2007, SCPRT and the Matheny-Burns Group conducted a series of five statewide public workshops. The workshops were held in both metropolitan and rural areas of the State and included the Cities of Greenville, Columbia, and North Charleston and the Towns of Lamar and Blackville. News releases were sent to local media around the State and direct mail notification was made to approximately 200 representatives of local parks and recreation departments, councils of government, and State and Federal agencies. More than 275 organizations with recreational interests including statewide conservation groups, the South Carolina Recreation & Parks Association, the South Carolina Chapter of the American Planning Association, the State Trails Advisory Committee, and a group that is currently planning the 2008 Southeastern Equestrian Trails Conference, were notified by email and encouraged to send the notice to their members. Sixty-six representatives participated in the regional workshops, in which participants identified 60 recreational issues. These issues were

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subsequently compiled into 15 major issues following completion of all the workshops and the receipt of additional emails that provided further comments on issues, proposed actions, or other recommendations for outdoor recreation in South Carolina. The purpose of the regional workshops was to seek public input on the most important issues affecting outdoor recreation areas, programs, and projects in South Carolina. Each participant was asked to list their most important issues regarding outdoor recreation and present them to the group. These issues were then written on flipcharts and posted on the facility walls. Once all the issues were listed, the items were discussed and combined into common themes with the group consensus. Each participant was then given the opportunity to prioritize what they perceived to be the top three issues from the list. Prioritization was achieved by using a defined system of colored dots to assign points to each individual's most important issues on the flipchart pages. Priorities were then tallied, summarized and reviewed with the group before the workshop was concluded. Following the workshops, the meeting issues and mail responses were summarized for each regional meeting (Appendix E). From the 60 total issues generated by the five workshops and emails, duplications were eliminated and issues combined along similar themes into a list of fifteen statewide issues. The fifteen priority issues listed in Chart 4 are derived from the highest ranking concerns identified in the public workshops and interagency forum, but are not listed in priority order within the table. In November 2007, SCPRT consultants and staff met with a focus group of State, Federal, and local recreation organizations to review the identified issues and determine the actions which could be taken to impact these issues, to assess agency work plans and priorities, and to update issues and action strategies.

Chart 4. 2008 SCORP Priority Issues

Issue 1: Increase funding for outdoor recreation facilities and programs, to include increased grant opportunities, exploring privatization and/or leveraging public-private partnerships for appropriate activities and facilities, seeking private sponsorships, and fostering increased volunteer involvement to augment staff and reduce operational costs.

Issue 2: Increase funding for locally-based recreation facilities and programs, particularly in rural communities, to reduce the need for travel, relieve crowding at major facilities, and enhance recreational access for persons with mobility or financial limitations.

Issue 3: Create an expanded network of trails that are well-designed and well-managed, are available to many, and provide appropriate facilities for:

- Equestrians - Boating, including canoeing, kayaking and rowing - Walkers, hikers, backpackers, and bikers in both urban and rural settings - Historic trails (Revolutionary War, railroad, etc.) - General use trails

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Chart 4. 2008 SCORP Priority Issues, Continued

Issue 4: Provide adequate support facilities for all trails including:

- Trailheads, including signage, parking and restrooms - Potable water for people and livestock - Parking for longer campers and horse trailers where appropriate - Water and electrical hookups at non-primitive camp sites - Additional secluded primitive campsites - Bathhouses, where appropriate - Trash collection - Safety improvements (scheduled water releases, warning devices, call boxes, parking improvements, etc.)

Issue 5: Provide additional education, outreach and promotion of available outdoor recreation opportunities statewide – including recreational facilities, educational programs, trails for all types of uses, and camping facilities – with a particular emphasis on reaching minorities, K-12 students and educators, lower income residents, and persons with disabilities.

Issue 6: Promote increased collaboration between recreational facility managers and teachers on formal and informal outdoor education opportunities.

Issue 7: Provide or improve outdoor recreation facilities to enable greater accessibility and use by multiple age groups and persons with disabilities.

Issue 8: Minimize conflicts between outdoor recreational activities that are not compatible through education, regulation, and careful planning of new or expanded facilities and programs.

Issue 9: Provide and properly maintain adequate facilities for and access to a diverse range of outdoor recreation activities, from traditionally popular activities such as boating and hunting to emerging activities such as rowing, rock climbing, disc golf, and dog parks.

Issue 10: Require and/or encourage the provision of connectivity between trails, outdoor recreation facilities, open space and residential development on all levels – local, regional and statewide.

Issue 11: Create and encourage partnerships among government and non-profit agencies at all levels to ensure coordination, reduce redundancies, provide training and technical assistance, and leverage resources to enable additional outdoor recreation opportunities.

Issue 12: Encourage small business and eco-tourism opportunities to enhance local economic development and to fill unmet outdoor recreational needs.

Issue 13: Protect and acquire significant lands for natural and cultural resources and identify opportunities for allowing public outdoor recreational use.

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Chart 4. 2008 SCORP Priority Issues, Continued

Issue 14: Protect shorelines (rivers, lakes, and beaches) and dedicate more waterfront lands for public recreational use and access.

Issue 15: Promote green technologies and energy conservation techniques in the planning, design, construction and operation of outdoor recreation facilities to reduce costs and conserve natural resources.

2. Issues of National Concern Many recreational issues of national concern have surfaced over the last few years as communities, non-profits, the private sector, and individuals have joined recreational and natural resource providers in recognizing the growing importance of recreational opportunity to overall quality of life and community sustainability. These issues build upon much earlier efforts to raise awareness, create support, and promote outdoor recreation by such efforts as the 1986 President’s Commission on Americans Outdoors (PCAO), the 1989 American Planning Association study of SCORP planning, and a 1988 report by a coalition of environmental groups known as the Blueprint for the Environment. In 1994, the Director of the National Park Service requested a review of the state and local portion of the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) and the Urban Park and

Recreation Recovery Program (UPARR). The National Park System Advisory Committee submitted major recommendations that included: the development of a nationwide network of parks and open space crafted by new partnerships among local, state and federal governments and the private sector; the merger of the LWCF and UPARR funding programs into a single program; an annual appropriation of $1 billion for recreation and conservation needs; and active involvement of citizens in establishing funding priorities and planning for the development of an American Network of Parks and Open Space. Although considerable time has passed since these studies and reports were completed, many of the core recreation issues and needs remain relevant and at the forefront of national discussion today. The need for expanded recreational opportunity for all sectors of society, support for locally based recreation, increased education and outreach on available recreational opportunities, and development of partnerships among public and private recreation organizations are further reflected in several current national initiatives that focus on recreational activities. In March and April of 2007, the American Recreation Coalition and the National Forest Foundation partnered to convene a series of six Recreation Forums across the nation – five regional sessions held in Colorado, Georgia, California, Oregon, and Illinois that were followed by a national gathering in Washington, DC. More than 1,000 people attended the regional forums, representing government, youth service organizations, conservation groups, and outdoor industries. Through a blend of presentations, facilitated dialogue and open discussion, the Forums united diverse organizations and agencies seeking to identify common challenges

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and solutions to meeting national recreations needs through public lands and waters. Key national outdoor recreation issues that surfaced during the Forums are summarized in Chart 5.

Chart 5. Key Issues Facing Outdoor Recreation from the 2007 Regional and National Recreation Forums

In addition to highlighting key issues facing the nation in the area of outdoor recreation, the 2007 Recreation Forums also yielded suggested actions and solutions to these issues, as provided in Chart 6.

Chart 6. Suggested Actions and Solutions to Key Outdoor Recreation Issues from the 2007 Regional and National Recreation Forums

� Building Collaboration – Pooling capacity and funding to overcome budget challenges, reaching new audiences by creating new partnerships, developing stronger public-private partnerships, and starting collaboration at the local level.

� Marketing Outdoor Recreation – One of the primary barriers to outdoor participation is lack of information. Recreation interests should explore creative and dynamic ways to share information about the benefits of outdoor recreation and about where people can go to enjoy the outdoors, particularly to youth, urban and diverse audiences.

� Empowering Volunteers – Use volunteer programs to enhance recreation resources and build a citizen commitment to the outdoors.

� Access – America’s trail and forest systems are in need of significant repair and enhancement. An aging infrastructure, maintenance backlog, restricted budgets and losses of rights-of-way to public lands limit opportunities for many people to access and enjoy outdoor recreation areas.

� Youth Participation – We need to explore creative ways to boost outdoor recreation participation among youth. Intergenerational unstructured play opportunities need to be a core part of involving youth in the outdoors.

� Budgets – Federal and state budgets for recreation-related projects shrink annually, which in the long run may significantly diminish the degree to which outdoor recreation stimulates local, regional and national economies.

� Urbanization and Diversity – Urban and ethnically diverse audiences have limited exposure to opportunities for outdoor education and recreation.

� Outreach and Education – The recreation community needs to do a better job of communicating with potential constituencies about the amazingly diverse opportunities to enjoy the outdoors, how to access these opportunities, and the value and importance of outdoor recreation.

� Collaboration – Faced with limited budgets and capacity, there is a need to overcome barriers to recreation partnerships at all levels – local to national, public to private – while also collaborating with nontraditional recreation interests.

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Chart 6. Suggested Actions and Solutions to Key Outdoor Recreation Issues from the 2007 Regional and National Recreation Forums, Continued

The Healthy People 2010 initiative is a broad-based collaborative effort among federal, state, and territorial governments – as well as hundreds of private, public, and non-profit organizations – aimed at setting national disease prevention and health promotion objectives to be achieved by the end of the decade. The effort has two overarching goals: to increase the quality and years of healthy life and to eliminate health disparities. Healthy People 2010 included “Physical Activity” as one of the 10 highest priority public health issues and leading health indicators nationally. Among the objectives set by Healthy People 2010 are increased leisure-time activities and regular physical activity among adults, adolescents and children, and increased community walking and biking opportunities. Detailed data and indicators related to this and other health objectives can be found on the Healthy People 2010 website at www.health.gov/healthypeople.

� Building Collaboration – Pooling capacity and funding to overcome budget challenges, reaching new audiences by creating new partnerships, developing stronger public-private partnerships, and starting collaboration at the local level.

� Marketing Outdoor Recreation – One of the primary barriers to outdoor participation is lack of information. Recreation interests should explore creative and dynamic ways to share information about the benefits of outdoor recreation and about where people can go to enjoy the outdoors, particularly to youth, urban and diverse audiences.

� Empowering Volunteers – Use volunteer programs to enhance recreation resources and build a citizen commitment to the outdoors.

� Caring for Public Lands – Better educate the public about their public lands, devote shared resources toward enhancing these wild places, and demonstrate to government leaders the value of investing in public lands stewardship, particularly access and recreation projects.

� Finding Funding – Support for outdoor education and recreation stewardship depends increasingly on creativity and collaboration. With the organizational capacity of agencies to guide and coordinate public and private resources extremely strained, recreation interests must appeal to elected officials with a unified voice about the importance of funding public lands and recreation programs.

� Employing Technology – Innovatively use technology to market and implement outdoor recreation programs to entice greater participation.

� Establishing Urban Links – Develop stronger regional collaboration focused on recreation and transportation planning to link urban populations with nature-based opportunities and make it easy for them to learn about and enjoy the outdoors.

� Continuing the Dialogue – Maintain the momentum created by the Regional Recreation Forums. The Forums should form the foundation for a recreation network that facilitates information sharing, partnerships, collaborative projects and future gatherings.

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Building on this growing focus on health concerns among the American population, the American Planning Association (APA) received a grant in 2001 from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to conduct research and prepare a Planners Advisory Service (PAS) Report and other educational materials on Planning Active Communities. The grant was part of a five-year Robert Wood Johnson Foundation initiative to encourage changes to the built environment that will promote physical activity as a means of improving the health of Americans. The primary product of the APA initiative is the 2007 PAS Report entitled Planning Active

Communities that outlines best practices, planning principles, and case studies illustrating how communities are addressing physical activity and recreational concerns in local comprehensive plans, urban design initiatives, capital improvement programs, and development review processes. As part of the Planning Active Communities effort, APA staff surveyed 10,000 planners in the spring of 2004 to identify local initiatives already underway throughout the nation, as well as to find specific planning techniques that can help the population become more physically active. Other project activities have included National Planning Conference sessions, an audio conference for planning commissioners, and a Physically Active Community

Institute. The Institute brought together planners, designers, and community leaders as well as experts in public health and recreation to design planning solutions that enable people to become physically active. Additional information on the project, including an extensive listing of related resources, can be found on the APA website at www.planning.org. APA is also partnering with the National Association of City and County Health Officials on the Healthy Communities through Collaboration. A primary focus of the project was the development of the 2006 PAS report entitled Integrating Planning and Public Health. The report focuses on collaboration across the planning and public health disciplines to achieve public health goals through community planning, including planning to enable and encourage physical activity. Similarities and common themes on recreation and related issues are found throughout the recommendations of these diverse groups and disciplines. Current recreational issues of national concern are profiled in Chart 7. SCPRT and other allied groups will continue to encourage the Federal government to take action on these national issues.

Chart 7. Issues of National Concern

� Stable funding, as provided through mechanisms such as dedicated trust funds and user fees, is needed to continue to meet the recreational and natural resources needs of the American people.

� Adequate operational funds must be provided to maintain, update and expand existing recreation resources and new facilities added due to increased demand and population growth.

� America’s outdoor recreation facilities, including trail and forest systems, are in need of significant repair and enhancement; however, sufficient funding has not been made available.

� Lack of outreach and education about the myriad of diverse outdoor recreation opportunities available continues to be a major barrier to outdoor recreation participation.

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Chart 7. Issues of National Concern, Continued

� America’s outdoor recreation facilities, including trail and forest systems, are in need of significant repair and enhancement; however, sufficient funding has not been made available.

� Lack of outreach and education about the myriad of diverse outdoor recreation opportunities available continues to be a major barrier to outdoor recreation participation.

� Accommodating future outdoor recreation demands will increasingly fall on public properties and providers as private landowners close land to public access.

� As America’s youth are increasingly drawn to activities other than outdoor recreation such as the internet and expanding audio/video options, creative ways to boost outdoor recreation and physical activity among this sector of the population should be explored.

� Shrinking Federal and state funds allocated for recreation-related projects and programs will necessitate the creation of outdoor recreation partnerships and collaborations among all levels of government, non-profits, volunteers, private recreation providers, and other non-traditional recreation interests to seek alternative funding sources and leverage existing funds.

� Outdoor recreation opportunities are limited for residents of highly urbanized areas, minorities, persons with disabilities, and persons of limited means.

� Different strategies must be developed to meet the outdoor recreation needs of all parts of society.

� Increased participation in and demand for a broad spectrum of outdoor activities such as climbing, motorized and off-road vehicle use, hiking, horseback riding, water sports and wildlife viewing is likely to create competition and conflicts for the use of public and private properties.

� Demand for nearby recreation resources is increasing as the nation becomes increasingly urbanized, fuel prices climb, and security concerns related to travel increase.

� The benefits of outdoor recreation and physical activity to public health and well being are increasingly well known and have begun to impact public policy.

� A national system of parks, greenways, trails, scenic corridors, and recreation areas will contribute to the health and quality of life of individuals and communities, create jobs and economic benefits, conserve natural habitat and cultural resources, improve existing resources, and meet the changing recreational needs of the American people.

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PART VIII. SCORP IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM The following general implementation program for outdoor recreation in South Carolina represents the five-year planning period from 2008 through 2013. Individual agencies and organizations will develop detailed plans for the identified strategies based on their respective mission, priorities, and available resources. The needs and recommendations addressed in the 2008 SCORP Implementation Program were developed through meetings and discussions with numerous Federal, State, and local agencies and organizations whose involvement is considered integral to successful implementation of the SCORP.

Although this section serves as a general blueprint for guiding outdoor recreation initiatives in South Carolina over the next five years, it is important to recognize that additional windows of opportunity will likely open within the five-year plan period to address outdoor recreational needs. Although they may not be identified in this Plan, they should be incorporated as available into efforts to address future needs and advance the major plan implementation recommendations. Of particular benefit are opportunities that generate interagency and public-private collaboration and that maximize resources through partnerships, cost-sharing agreements, grant opportunities, volunteer involvement, or other major cost saving measures. The sections that follow identify future outdoor recreation needs, as well as establish specific implementation strategies and responsibilities to achieve plan goals in the coming five years.

A. FUTURE NEEDS

The general guiding principles for outdoor recreation policy and planning in South Carolina for the next five years are summarized in Chart 8.

Chart 8. Outdoor Recreation Guiding Policy and Planning Principles

� Take action on the major recreation issues identified by the general public.

� Address the continued transition of traditional funding streams and identify alternative funding sources and resource development opportunities with an increased emphasis on interagency collaboration and public-private partnerships to maximize limited resources.

� Base acquisition and development decisions on the findings of participation and preference studies within the context of the significant identified issues. Seek and pursue windows of opportunity such as cost-sharing, partnerships, land donations, bargain sales, and perpetual easements when possible.

� Incorporate related needs and strategies from other agency and organization planning processes and implement recommendations from other existing studies and plans.

� Encourage Federal action on issues of national concern.

Realization of the SCORP goals and implementation strategies will be shaped by these general guidelines as well as impacted by a myriad of environmental challenges and opportunities. These external trends include: the continued transition and decline of traditional funding streams and the need to identify alternative funding sources and resource development strategies; an increased emphasis on interagency collaboration, public-private partnerships, and volunteer

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involvement to maximize limited resources; and continued population growth and development in South Carolina that is accompanied by an increased demand for expanded recreational opportunities, additional demand on existing recreational resources, and growing development pressure on existing and potential natural and cultural resources.

B. RECOMMENDATIONS Implementation strategies are listed for fifteen major issues that were identified through the public participation process and through interagency focus meetings. These priority needs are listed in Chart 9.

Chart 9. 2008 SCORP Implementation Issues

Issue 1: Increase funding for outdoor recreation facilities and programs, to include increased grant opportunities, exploring privatization and/or leveraging public-private partnerships for appropriate activities and facilities, seeking private sponsorships, and fostering increased volunteer involvement to augment staff and reduce operational costs.

Issue 2: Increase funding for locally-based recreation facilities and programs, particularly in rural communities, to reduce the need for travel, relieve crowding at major facilities, and enhance recreational access for persons with mobility or financial limitations.

Issue 3: Create an expanded network of trails that are well-designed and well-managed, are available to many, and provide appropriate facilities for:

- Equestrians - Boating, including canoeing, kayaking and rowing - Walkers, hikers, backpackers, and bikers in both urban and rural settings - Historic trails (Revolutionary War, railroad, etc.) - General use trails

Issue 4: Provide adequate support facilities for all trails including:

- Trailheads, including signage, parking and restrooms - Potable water for people and livestock - Parking for longer campers and horse trailers where appropriate - Water and electrical hookups at non-primitive camp sites - Additional secluded primitive campsites - Bathhouses, where appropriate - Trash collection - Safety improvements such as scheduled water releases, warning devices, call boxes, and parking

Issue 5: Provide additional education, outreach and promotion of available outdoor recreation opportunities statewide – including recreational facilities, educational programs, trails for all types of uses, and camping facilities – with a particular emphasis on reaching minorities, K-12 students and educators, lower income residents, and persons with disabilities.

Issue 6: Promote increased collaboration between recreational facility managers and teachers on formal and informal outdoor education opportunities.

Issue 7: Provide or improve outdoor recreation facilities to enable greater accessibility and use by multiple age groups and persons with disabilities.

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Chart 9. 2008 SCORP Implementation Issues, Continued

Issue 8: Minimize conflicts between outdoor recreational activities that are not compatible through education, regulation, and careful planning of new or expanded facilities and programs.

Issue 9: Provide and properly maintain adequate facilities for and access to a diverse range of outdoor recreation activities, from traditionally popular activities such as boating and hunting to emerging activities such as rowing, rock climbing, disc golf, and dog parks.

Issue 10: Require and/or encourage the provision of connectivity between trails, outdoor recreation facilities, open space and residential development on all levels – local, regional and statewide.

Issue 11: Create and encourage partnerships among government and non-profit agencies at all levels to ensure coordination, reduce redundancies, provide training and technical assistance, and leverage resources to enable additional outdoor recreation opportunities.

Issue 12: Encourage small business and eco-tourism opportunities to enhance local economic development and to fill unmet outdoor recreational needs.

Issue 13: Protect and acquire significant lands for natural and cultural resources and identify opportunities for allowing public outdoor recreational use.

Issue 14: Protect shorelines (rivers, lakes, and beaches) and dedicate more waterfront lands for public recreational use and access.

Issue 15: Promote green technologies and energy conservation techniques in the planning, design, construction and operation of outdoor recreation facilities to reduce costs and conserve natural resources.

In addition, a list of national recreation concerns is outlined in Section VII-C.2–Issues of

National Concern (Chart 7). These are common concerns that affect the quantity and quality of outdoor recreation opportunities in communities throughout the country. Federal funding for resource expansion and operations, public and private sector coordination and collaboration to provide recreational access, increasing demand and competition, environmental concerns, increased emphasis on encouraging physical activity within all age groups, and on-going education and outreach efforts are some of the issues that will continue to transcend state and agency boundaries. State and local agencies as well as non-profit and private organizations plan to accomplish a wide range of actions that will address the priority issues identified during the 2008 SCORP planning process. A listing of these planned actions is provided in a table format under each priority issue, along with the key organizations responsible for implementation. Although several of these strategies are designed to advance multiple SCORP issues, each is listed only once under the primary issue that will be addressed.

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Table 25. 2008 SCORP Implementation Strategies

SCORP Issue/Strategies Responsibility

Issue 1: Increase funding for outdoor recreation facilities and programs, to include increased grant

opportunities, exploring privatization and/or leveraging public-private partnerships for appropriate activities and

facilities, seeking private sponsorships, and fostering increased volunteer involvement to augment staff and

reduce operational costs.

Continue to administer the Federal Land & Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) and Recreational Trails Program (RTP) as well as the State Recreation Land Trust (RELT) and Parks & Recreation Development (PARD) Fund. Open Project Selection Process for LWCF/RELT will give funding priority to: 1) significant natural/cultural resources conservation, public beach access; 2) trails and greenways, river and lake access, public open space; 3) athletic fields and courts, playgrounds, wildlife watching and other passive opportunities; 4) improvements that increase the usefulness of existing facilities including golf courses and campgrounds or provide significant energy savings; and 5) support facilities, renovations.

SCPRT

Give additional grant priority consideration to agencies or projects that demonstrate: 1) acquisition only, for future recreation use; 2) identified in current recreation/natural resources/community facilities plans; 3) significant interagency or public/private cooperation; 4) located in areas with low income, high percentage of minorities, high population growth, or in a rural community; 5) improves accessibility for persons with disabilities or special needs and/or improves accessibility for persons of all ages; 6) protects wetlands (with emphasis on those identified as protection targets in SCORP); and 7) limited site alteration.

SCPRT

Recognize the following as activities with high outdoor recreational demand with consideration for grants as appropriate: Walking for Pleasure/Exercise; Playing Ball; Swimming; Picnicking; Visiting Historic Sites; Bicycling; Fishing; Visiting Natural Features/Wildlife Watching; Motorboating; Jogging/Running; Off-Road Vehicle Riding; Camping; Golf; Hiking; Hunting; Canoeing/Kayaking.

SCPRT

Continue to pursue opportunities for providing public outdoor recreational resources such as trails in state parks, through the creation of appropriate partnerships, supporting volunteer resources and by seeking outside funding sources.

SCPRT

Encourage the use of partnerships to enhance existing trails and facilities. Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge (CSNWR)

Continue to seek regular operating funding increases, as well as one-time special project funding for Congaree National Park recreation facilities and programs.

Congaree National Park

Continue to pursue non-federal grants, partnership opportunities, and matching funding for its outdoor recreation facilities and programs.

Congaree National Park

Continue to make use of more than 11,000 hours of volunteer labor annually and seek to increase volunteer hours by at least 25% by 2013, with particular focus on increasing volunteer diversity.

Congaree National Park

Develop a greenways plan and a dedicated source of funding for the construction of greenways to include funding assistance for public trails by the Richland County Conservation Commission through its Community Conservation Grant Program.

Palmetto Conservation Foundation (PCF) Richland County Conservation Commission

Continue to provide grant funding for land conservation, primarily through funding provided by a percentage of the Real Estate Transfer Fee as well as additional appropriations as provided.

SC Conservation Bank

Seek alternative funding through grants from public and private sources, partnerships with both public and private entities, sponsorships and other means.

All recreation providers

Periodically update the SCORP and other plans to maintain federal grant eligibility. SCPRT

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SCORP Issue/Strategies Responsibility

Issue 2: Increase funding for locally-based recreation facilities and programs, particularly in rural communities,

to reduce the need for travel, relieve crowding at major facilities, and enhance recreational access for persons

with mobility or financial limitations.

Continue to administer the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) and Recreational Trails Program (RTP) as well as the Recreation Land Trust (RELT) and Parks Fund and Recreation Development (PARD) Fund.

SCPRT

Continue to seek funding to provide increased opportunities for local residents in the surrounding rural community to experience the outdoor recreation resources available within the Congaree National Park.

Congaree National Park

Encourage the SC Legislature to increase State funding for outdoor recreation in local communities.

SCRPA Local Jurisdictions

Seek regional partnerships and funding to encourage the development of outdoor recreation facilities that are more easily accessed by rural communities.

Local/regional govts Recreation departments Other organizations

Issue 3: Create an expanded network of trails that are well-designed and well-managed, are available to many,

and provide appropriate facilities for: equestrians; boating, including canoeing, kayaking and rowing; walkers,

hikers, backpackers, and bikers in both urban and rural settings; historic trails (i.e., Revolutionary War,

railroad); and general use trails.

Expand trail facilities for equestrians and other users at Croft State Park. SCPRT PCF

Establish an improved, bike friendly and accessible trail at Hunting Island State Park that will provide better connectivity and access to the nature center, the south end of the island and to other areas of the Park.

SCPRT Friends of Hunting Island Local governments

Complete the historic battlefield trail at the Musgrove Mill State Historic Site, to include interpretive waysides about the Revolutionary War battle at the site.

SCPRT

Continue to explore opportunities for recreational partnerships, including the completion of a trail connecting Kings Mountain State Park, Kings Mountain National Military Park and Crowder’s Mountain State Park in North Carolina.

SCPRT NC State Parks

Explore and seek opportunities to capitalize on regional trail initiatives that will connect state park properties with urban/regional trail systems and other public lands, such as plans for the Palmetto Trail, Greenville County trail initiatives, and the Carolina Thread Trail.

SCPRT

Continue to implement the goals and recommendations of the Ashley Scenic River Management Plan to include establishing an additional canoe/kayak access above Colonial Dorchester State Historic Site and a potential Bacons Bridge county park.

Ashley Scenic River Advisory Council (SRAC)

Continue to implement the goals and recommendations of the Saluda River Corridor Plan and Plan Update to include supporting expansion of the Three Rivers Greenway below 1-26, extension of the Saluda River Greenway from Saluda Shoals Park, providing additional canoe/kayak access and egress above Mill Race Rapids, and participating in the re-licensing process for the Saluda Hydro Project to expand recreational access facilities and improve safety and in-stream flows.

Lower Saluda SRAC SCDNR SCPRT SCE&G City of Columbia Irmo-Chapin Recreation Commission Other partners

Encourage improved access for non-motorized boating and rowing competition on the Broad River near Columbia and other suitable locations.

Columbia Rowing Club River Alliance

Continue to maintain the Cedar Creek canoe trail – the State’s only stretch of Outstanding National Resource Waters (ONRW) – for use by paddlers.

Congaree National Park

Publish a river management plan for the Little Pee Dee Scenic River and work to implement the goals and recommendations of the plan to include river access at the SSR 23 and SC Hwy 41 crossings and the creation of a Little Pee Dee canoe trail.

Little Pee Dee Scenic River Advisory Council SCDNR Other organizations

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SCORP Issue/Strategies Responsibility

Issue 3: Continued…

Develop and market the Congaree River Blue Trail, a paddling trail that extends from Gervais Street in Columbia to US Hwy 601, and support the Trail’s adoption as a National Recreation Trail.

American Rivers Congaree National Park SCDNR River Alliance Friends of the Congaree Other state, local and non- profit partners

Publish a river management plan for the Black Scenic River and work with SCDOT and other organizations to advocate for a paddle-craft landing along the Black Scenic River at SC Hwy 377 in Williamsburg County.

Black Scenic River Advisory Council SCDNR

Establish a canoe/kayak access on the lower portion of the Broad River near Hwy 211.

Broad Scenic River Advisory Council

Continue the development of a canoe trail at Congaree Creek Heritage Preserve, with access sites already established at 12th Street and Old State Road and an additional access planned for the Hwy 321 crossing.

SCDNR

Complete additional sections of the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, involving local resources such as the Cherokee County Overmountain Victory Trail Committee, which has successfully competed for trail construction funding and has set aside a percentage of its accommodations tax revenues for trail construction.

National Park Service Cherokee/Spartanburg County organizations

Continue to expand the Palmetto Trail to include the: 1) Peak to Prosperity rail-trail conversion (including 11 miles through Newberry County); 2) Croft State Natural Area (10 miles, connecting Glenn Springs with the Hub City Connector); 3) Hub City

Connector in Downtown Spartanburg (adding 7 miles to the existing 5 miles); 4) Poinsett Reservoir Phase 2 (adding 6 miles); 5) Poinsett Phase 2 to Jones Gap (negotiation of route and construction begun); 6) Jones Gap State Park to Table Rock

State Park (negotiation of route through the Table Rock reservoir and adding 4 to 5 miles); 7) Jocassee 2, from Highway 178 to Devils Fork State Park (negotiation of route and construction begun); 8) Devils Fork to Oconee State Park (negotiation of route); 9) Lower Richland (adding 15+ miles with negotiation of route and construction begun); and 10) Broad River to Alston (negotiation of route).

PCF SCPRT SCDNR Partners

Develop the Glendale Greenway – a one-mile trail along the Lawson’s Fork Creek. PCF Wofford University SPACE

Upgrade and extend the Lawson’s Fork Pacolet River Trail, to include an upgrade of the paddling trail from Glendale to Goldmine Road and extension of the trail to Pacolet, resulting in an 8-mile paddling trail.

PCF

Implement plans for a paddling trail from Clifton to Pacolet that will extend an additional 4 miles.

PCF

Convert a former railroad line extending from Port Royal to Yemassee to a trail. PCF Beaufort Jasper Water and Sewer Authority

Continue to extend the Three Rivers Greenway. River Alliance Cities of Columbia, West Columbia, Cayce

Continue to extend trails from Saluda Shoals Park along the Lower Saluda River. Irmo-Chapin Recreation Commission Partner organizations

Assist with the monitoring, maintenance, and improvement of trails across the State. Volunteer groups

Continue to develop trail and greenway plans, expand existing trail and greenway systems and build new trails and greenways through local funding, partnerships, sponsorships and other means.

Local/regional govts Recreation departments Land trusts Other organizations

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SCORP Issue/Strategies Responsibility

Issue 4: Provide adequate support facilities for all trails including: 1) trailheads, including signage, parking and

restrooms; 2) potable water for people and livestock; 3) parking for longer campers and horse trailers where

appropriate; 4) water and electrical hookups at non-primitive camp sites; 5) additional secluded primitive

campsites; 6) bathhouses, where appropriate; 7) trash collection; and 8) Safety upgrades such as scheduled water

releases, warning devices, call boxes, and parking improvements.

Work with SCDOT and other organizations to advocate for improvements to the Pea House Landing in Georgetown County.

Black SRAC SCDNR Other organizations

Upgrade facilities on Cedar Creek, including canoe inputs at Bannister’s Bridge and Cedar Creek Road, to include safer, pull-through parking, updated interpretive/ wayfinding signage, and mileage markers to increase the safety of paddlers.

Congaree National Park

Upgrade the existing primitive campground with an updated, “green technology” restroom facility and designate an additional primitive campsite along the Congaree River that will be accessible by the Congaree River Blue Trail.

Congaree National Park

Continue to enhance local support facilities for existing and new trails. Local/regional govts Recreation departments Other organizations

Issue 5: Provide additional education, outreach and promotion of available outdoor recreation opportunities

statewide – including recreational facilities, educational programs, trails for all types of uses, and camping

facilities – with a particular emphasis on reaching minorities, K-12 students and educators, lower income

residents, and persons with disabilities.

Continue to provide information and promote outdoor recreation opportunities through its tourism website.

SCPRT

Continue to provide education and outreach to trail users through continued updates to the SCTRAILS website, improved trail signs, interpretive waysides, and articles that promote resource stewardship and compatibility among state park users.

SCPRT

Continue to implement the SC Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy with a significant emphasis on education and outreach such as National Hunting & Fishing Day, Project WET, Project WILD, hunter education, fishing rodeos, REEL Kids, Take One Make One, youth hunts, Camp Wildwood, and Becoming an Outdoors Woman.

SCDNR Other partners

Publish a trail booklet for the Lynches Scenic River. SCDNR

Develop a river trail guide from Lee State Park to Lynches River County Park through funding provided by a SC Trails grant.

SCDNR Lynches SRAC

Continue to provide educational outreach to schools and civic groups, to include providing information regarding outdoor recreation opportunities in at Congaree National Park. Particular emphasis will be placed on underserved communities, including minorities, persons with lower incomes, disabled persons, and the elderly.

Congaree National Park

Develop and publish an Historic Canoe Trail map for the South Carolina portion of the Catawba River that will identify access points and discuss the history of the area.

Duke Energy Catawba Indian Nation SCPRT SCDNR SCDAH Other organizations

Develop an information map and guide for the Congaree River Blue Trail segment from Gervais Street in Columbia to US Hwy 601.

American Rivers Congaree National Park SCDNR River Alliance Friends of the Congaree

Work with the communities and other organizations to develop and print a community-based management plan.

Great Pee Dee and Lower Little Pee Dee SRAC

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SCORP Issue/Strategies Responsibility

Issue 5: Continued…

Continue to promote the goals of the Edisto River Basin Project Report to include: conservation and education programs aimed at landowners and local government/ business leaders, conducting annual “Stewardship Day” river cleanups, conducting river/watershed festivals, and organizing projects to address water quality problems.

Friends of the Edisto SCDNR Other partners

Continue to implement the goals and recommendations of the Ashley Scenic River management plan to include conducting conservation education programs aimed at landowners and local government leaders.

Ashley SRAC SCDNR Other partners

Install a new kiosk that details wildlife observation opportunities along the Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge’s nine mile drive.

CSNWR

Develop an orientation video for the Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge. CSNWR

Install a directional road sign to the Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge at the intersection of Highway 151 and Highway 1 in McBee.

CSNWR SCDOT

Update the Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge web site as needed. CSNWR

Continue to offer classes in mountain biking, kayaking, backpacking, ropes, climbing and trail design at the Glendale Outdoor Leadership School established in 2007.

PCF

Provide additional education, outreach and promotion about available outdoor recreation opportunities.

Local/regional govts Recreation departments Other organizations

Issue 6: Promote increased collaboration between recreational facility managers and teachers on formal and

informal outdoor education opportunities.

Continue to provide the state-approved curriculum-based program Discover Carolina at many state parks, providing K-12 school students with hands-on educational experiences in outdoor settings that foster stewardship, awareness and appreciation of natural and cultural resources. Trails and recreational facilities in state parks provide important access and resources for the Discover Carolina program.

SCPRT

Continue to provide information to educators and other recreational facility managers about educational opportunities at Congaree National Park.

Congaree National Park

Complete development of the Junior Trailblazer program – an in school program that will teach fitness and outdoors skills and will culminate in a hike on the Palmetto Trail. The program will begin operation in 2008 at two schools in the Richland School District 1, and will be expanded around the State.

PCF Partners

Promote increased collaboration between the Refuge and local schools on formal and informal outdoor recreation opportunities.

Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge

Collaborate with local school districts, schools and teachers on formal and informal outdoor education opportunities.

Local/regional govts Recreation departments Other organizations

Issue 7: Provide or improve outdoor recreation facilities to enable greater accessibility and use by multiple age

groups and persons with disabilities.

Continue to improve accessibility to state park features and facilities for persons with disabilities as a component of the 5-year Comprehensive Permanent Improvement

Plan (CPIP).

SCPRT

Conduct an inventory to evaluate accessibility needs at all state parks. SCPRT

Continue to improve boardwalk, campground, and picnic shelter access for visitors with mobility impairments.

Congaree National Park

Where appropriate and feasible in new or expanded park and trail facilities, provide reasonable accommodation for accessibility to physically challenged users of all ages.

All park and trail providers

Provide or improve outdoor recreation facilities to enable greater accessibility and use by multiple age groups and persons with disabilities.

Local/regional govts Recreation departments Other organizations

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SCORP Issue/Strategies Responsibility

Issue 8: Minimize conflicts between outdoor recreational activities that are not compatible through education,

regulation, and careful planning of new or expanded facilities and programs.

Continue to educate users about recreational uses related to state parks and continue to plan, build and manage facilities and parks to avoid and reduce conflicts among users and negative impacts to park resources.

SCPRT

Continue to educate park visitors on the multiple appropriate uses of Congaree National Park facilities and enforce Park regulations regarding areas restricted to certain uses.

Congaree National Park

Work to minimize conflicts between recreational activities that are not compatible. Local/regional govts Recreation departments Other organizations

Issue 9: Provide and properly maintain adequate facilities for and access to a diverse range of outdoor recreation

activities, from traditionally popular activities such as boating and hunting to emerging activities such as rowing,

rock climbing, disc golf, and dog parks.

Continue to expand management of a diverse range of outdoor recreational activities, including operation of the H. Cooper Black Field Trial and Recreation Area in Chesterfield County that offers national level field trial services and retriever competitions, as well as 20 miles of horse trails and camping.

SCPRT

Develop a traditional tools training and capacity for maintaining trails in federally-designated wilderness areas.

Congaree National Park

Continue to provide a range of opportunities for visitors to enjoy park resources on foot and by canoe or kayak and continue to allow dogs on leashes on designated dirt trails within the Park.

Congaree National Park

Construct a new wildlife observation tower at the Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge Oxpen Lakes area.

CSNWR

Pave an extension road from the office/visitor center to Wildlife Drive at Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge.

CSNWR

Annually maintain the three hiking trails at Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge.

CSNWR

Assist with monitoring, maintenance and improvement of trails across the State. Volunteer groups

Provide maintenance and upgrades to facilities at the Strom Thurmond/Clarks Hill Dam, Clarks Hill Park Recreation Area, Scots Ferry Ramp, Modoc Campground, Parksville Recreation Area, Dordon Creek, Hawe Creek Campground, Leroys Ferry Campground and Mount Carmel Campground through various site improvements that include renovation and construction of picnic sites, sidewalk construction, playground construction, improvements to parking areas, water line extension, courtesy dock construction, lighting, fish cleaning station additions, beach development, campground renovation and expansion, and entrance re-design.

US Army Corps of Engineers

Provide a diverse range of outdoor recreation activities, maintain existing facilities to established standards and consider closure or consolidation of under-maintained or under-utilized facilities.

All organizations

Issue 10: Require and/or encourage the provision of connectivity between trails, outdoor recreation facilities,

open space and residential development on all levels – local, regional and statewide.

Establish an improved, bike-friendly and accessible trail at Hunting Island State Park that will provide better connectivity and access to the nature center, the south end of the island and to other areas of the Park.

SCPRT Friends of Hunting Island Local governments

Explore recreational partnership opportunities, including the completion of a trail connecting Kings Mountain State Park, Kings Mountain National Military Park and Crowder’s Mountain State Park in North Carolina.

SCPRT NC State Parks

Explore opportunities to capitalize on regional trail initiatives that will connect state park properties with urban/regional trail systems and other public lands, such as plans for the Palmetto Trail, Greenville County trail initiatives, and the Carolina Thread Trail.

SCPRT Partners

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SCORP Issue/Strategies Responsibility

Issue 10: Continued…

Provide a dedicated source of funding assistance through the Community Conservation Grant Program to develop a greenways plan and to fund trails that provide connectivity and public access.

Richland County Conservation Commission PCF

Encourage the provision of connectivity between trails, outdoor recreation facilities, open space and residential development through a wide range of means such as local or regional recreation plans, comprehensive plans, and transportation plans.

Local/regional govts Recreation departments Other organizations

Issue 11: Create and encourage partnerships among government and non-profit agencies at all levels to ensure

coordination, reduce redundancies, provide training and technical assistance, and leverage resources to enable

additional outdoor recreation opportunities.

Continue to encourage partnerships with other land management agencies within the state, non-profit organizations, and local agencies to promote the acquisition and protection of outdoor recreational resources.

SCPRT

Support the Cradle of Democracy project for the protection and promotion of Revolutionary War history in South Carolina.

SCPRT PCF NPS US Forest Service US Fish & Wildlife Serv. Local tourism groups

Continue to work together to protect significant lands and recreation resources along South Carolina’s rivers and lakes.

Utility providers SCPRT SCDNR Local land trusts Other organizations

Continue to lease access areas and other properties for the provision of recreation opportunities.

Duke Energy SCE&G Santee Cooper

Seek additional corporate partnerships on new and expanded recreation and educational facilities.

Public agencies

Continue to coordinate the Recreation Resources Forum on a periodic basis to bring together recreation managers and planners from a variety of public recreation resources.

SCPRT

Continue to lease land to and cooperate with state and local governments and private interests for public access and other recreation opportunities on Lake Thurmond, Lake Russell, and Lake Hartwell.

US Army Corps of Engineers

Continue to work together to improve the scenic nature of designated scenic highways.

SCDOT SCPRT Local/regional govts Tourism groups

Participate in and encourage partnerships among other Federal, State and local governments, non-profit groups and the corporate sector to ensure coordination, provide shared training opportunities, and enable additional outdoor recreation opportunities. Events such as NatureFest in April and SwampFest in October of each year are examples of such partnership efforts.

Congaree National Park

Continue to expand upon opportunities made possible through formal and informal agreements to work together toward common recreational goals.

Recreation providers State/local governments Other organizations

Issue 12: Encourage small business and eco-tourism opportunities to enhance local economic development and

to fill unmet outdoor recreational needs.

Continue to encourage nature-based tourism opportunities that promote economic development and fill unmet recreational needs, though implementation of the Nature-Based Tourism Plan.

SCPRT

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SCORP Issue/Strategies Responsibility

Issue 12: Continued…

Continue to implement the Great Falls Nature-Based Tourism Initiative and to seek ways to expand business and eco-tourism opportunities through new resources provided as part of hydro re-licensing, including a new park, new wildlife management areas, and whitewater flows.

Town of Great Falls Duke Energy KVLT SCDNR SCPRT Other partners

Continue to provide Commercial Use Authorization permits in to encourage small businesses to help meet outdoor recreational needs in Congaree National Park such as eco-camps, guided tour providers, for-profit educational institution programs, canoe and kayak livery and rental services, and shuttle transportation services for Park visitors.

Congaree National Park

Establish the High Hills Outdoor Center in Sumter County to promote hiking, horseback riding, mountain biking, kayaking, canoeing, and history tours in Sumter County.

PCF

Encourage small business and eco-tourism opportunities for economic development and to fill unmet outdoor recreational needs through a wide range of means such as local or regional comprehensive plans, economic development plans, and tourism plans.

Local/regional govts Recreation departments Other organizations

Issue 13: Protect and acquire significant lands for natural and cultural resources and identify opportunities for

allowing public outdoor recreational use.

Continue to participate on the SCE&G Saluda Hydro Re-licensing stakeholder team to actively promote the conservation of and public access to shoreline open space for outdoor recreational use.

SCPRT SCDNR Lower Saluda SRAC

Continue to implement the Catawba-Wateree Re-licensing Agreement and advance included actions that protect shorelines and the provide public access to rivers and lakes.

Duke Energy Other stakeholders

Continue to implement the State Park Service’s Vision for the 21st Century, which

includes acquisition and the development of partnerships to protect unique sites with significant cultural, historical, and natural features. Sites to be targeted include those with textile, African-American or Native American heritage; sites related to the American Revolution; sites in the ACE Basin and the Catawba River Corridor; sites on the Edisto Black, Saluda, and Little Pee Dee rivers; and sites along Lake Wateree, Lake Murray, and the South Carolina coast.

SCPRT

Continue to focus on habitat protection as SCDNR’s top priority, including implementation of the SC Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy.

SCDNR

Seek opportunities to expand the Heritage Trust Preserves where possible. SCDNR

Continue to work with the Blue Ridge Partnership to protect habitat in the Upstate. SCDNR

Continue to work to protect significant habitat throughout the State through the Heritage Trust and Focus Area programs.

SCDNR Partners

Create a protected lands buffer around Dungannon Heritage Preserve and Caw Caw Interpretive Center.

SCDNR Charleston County

Continue its efforts to acquire and protect remaining inholdings within its Congressionally-authorized boundary.

Congaree National Park

Seek ways to protect and acquire significant lands for natural and cultural resources allowing public outdoor recreational uses, through means such as land conservation and preservation programs, tax incentives, and dedication or donation of land, open space or easements.

Local/regional govts Recreation departments Other organizations

Issue 14: Protect shorelines (rivers, lakes, and beaches) and dedicate more waterfront lands for public

recreational use and access.

Continue to participate in the SCE&G Saluda and the Catawba-Wateree hydro re-licensing processes to actively promote the conservation of and public access to shoreline open space for outdoor recreational use.

SCPRT SCDNR Utilities Other stakeholders

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SCORP Issue/Strategies Responsibility

Issue 14: Continued…

Update recreation plans for the Keowee-Toxaway Project, with an emphasis on ensuring adequate public access for the future.

Duke Energy Other stakeholders

Continue to encourage utility companies and other landowners to conserve open space on lakes and rivers.

SCPRT SCDNR Utilities

Continue to seek public beach access opportunities and protect and maintain existing public beach access at coastal state parks, moving facilities from eroding beachfronts as practical and necessary.

SCPRT

Work to acquire properties in focus areas such as Cowasee, along the Congaree, Wateree and Santee Rivers.

SCDNR

Continue to make riparian corridor protection a priority by focusing on acquiring key parcels along the State’s rivers.

SCDNR

Evaluate the lower Lynches River from Lynches River County Park to the Great Pee Dee for scenic river designation in 2008.

SCDNR

Evaluate the Catawba River from Lake Wyle Dam to Hwy 9 for scenic river designation in 2008 and form an advisory council to work with the community and other partners to update the Catawba River Management Plan.

SCDNR

Continue to implement the goals and recommendations of the Saluda River Corridor Plan and Plan Update to include encouraging riparian land conservation and new recreation opportunities.

Lower Saluda SRAC SCDNR SCPRT SCE&G City of Columbia Irmo-Chapin Recreation Commission Other partners

Continue to promote the goals of the Edisto River Basin Project Report to include conservation and education programs aimed at landowners and local government/ business leaders and organizing projects to address water quality problems.

Friends of the Edisto SCDNR Other partners

Continue to implement the goals and recommendations of the Ashley Scenic River management plan to include advocating permitting and local planning decisions that will protect river resources and seeking to improve river access above Colonial Dorchester State Historic Site.

Ashley SRAC SCDNR Other partners

Continue to implement the policies of the Coastal Zone Management and Beachfront Management Acts.

SCDHEC OCRM

Seek ways to protect shorelines and provide more waterfront access for outdoor recreation use, through means such as the development of waterside parks, public beach access, comprehensive plans, zoning and land development regulations, land conservation and protection programs, and riparian buffer regulations.

Local/regional govts Recreation departments Other organizations

Issue 15: Promote green technologies and energy conservation techniques in the planning, design, construction

and operation of outdoor recreation facilities to reduce costs and conserve natural resources.

Continue to implement the State Park Service’s Vision for the 21st Century, which

includes measures that focus on resource stewardship, the employment of sustainable management techniques, and the use of an ecosystem-based approach to land management.

SCPRT

Incorporate a number of measures to conserve energy and resources including: continued conversion of its indoor lighting to compact fluorescent and LED lighting wherever possible; obtaining hybrid or clean-fuel vehicles for new purchases where possible; seeking LEED certification for new construction; continued use of 50% post-consumer recycled content paper and duplex printing as possible; and continued partnership with Tri-County Electric Cooperative to purchase cleaner energy sources.

Congaree National Park

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SCORP Issue/Strategies Responsibility

Issue 15: Continued…

Incorporate green technologies and the use of energy saving techniques in the planning, design, construction and operation of outdoor recreation facilities.

Local/regional govts Recreation departments Other organizations

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PART IX. SELECTED REFERENCES

Able, Gene and Jack Horan, 2001. Paddling South Carolina: A Guide to Palmetto State River Trails, Second Edition. Palmetto Byways Press, Columbia, SC.

American Planning Association, April 1995. Planning for an Aging Society, - Planning

Advisory Service Report Number 451. American Planning Association, Chicago, Il.

American Recreation Coalition and National Forest Foundation. 2007 Recreation Forums

Summary Proceedings. Web site: www.fs.fed.us/recreation/Rec-Forum.pdf.

American Recreation Coalition, 2007. Outdoor Recreation Outlook 2008. Web site: www.funoutdoors.com/files/Outdoor%20Recreation%20Trends%202008.pdf.

American Recreation Coalition, 2007. Recreation and 2008: Forum Highlights Opportunities

and Need for Action. Web site: www.funoutdoors.com/node/view/1946.

Association of State Wetlands Managers, 2007. State Wetlands Programs: South Carolina. Web site: http://aswm.org/swp/southcarolina9.htm.

Beach, Virginia, July-August, 1994. “Lands in Trust,” South Carolina Wildlife Magazine. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Columbia, SC.

Beaufort County, 2007. Rural and Critical Land Preservation Program. Web site: www.bcgov.net/public_info_officer/rural_critical_lands/r&cl_main.php.

Blouin, Nicole, 1998. Mountain Biking South Carolina, Falcon Publishing Inc., Helena, Montana.

Brooks, Benjamin and Tim Cook, 2007. The Waterfalls of South Carolina, Palmetto Conservation Foundation, Inc., Columbia, SC.

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Clark, John and John Dantzler, 1998. Hiking South Carolina, Falcon Publishing Inc., Helena, Montana.

Cordell, H. Ken, 2004. Outdoor Recreation for 21st Century America. Venture Publishing, Incorporated, State College, PA.

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Cushman, G.; Veal, A.J.; Zuzanek, J., 2005. Free Time and Leisure Participation: International Perspectives. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK.

116

Dehart, Allen, 1994. Hiking South Carolina Trails. The Globe Pequot Press, Old Saybrook, CT.

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English, Donald; Cordell, Ken; and Bowker, J.M, 1999. Outdoor Recreation in American Life: A National Assessment of Demand and Supply Trends. Sagamore Publishing, Champaign, Illinois.

Federal Parks and Recreation, 1999. Federal Parks & Recreation, Number 24. Resources Publishing Company, Washington, DC.

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Program. Web site: www.dep.state.fl.us/lands/acquisition/FloridaForever.

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117

National Park System Advisory Board, 2006. Health, Recreation, and Our National Parks. Web site: www.nps.gov/pub_aff/healthrec_PDF/HEALTH&REC_BOARDREPORT.pdf.

Nature Conservancy of South Carolina, et al., 1999. “Conserving South Carolina: Sustaining and Protecting our Natural Resources.” Nature Conservancy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.

Nature Conservancy of South Carolina, 1999. South Carolina Ecological Vision Map. Nature Conservancy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.

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118

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119

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120

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121

APPENDIX A. RECREATION PARTICIPATION BY PLANNING DISTRICT, 2005

South Carolina Recreation Participation & Preference Study, 2005 Technical Report

University of South Carolina, Institute for Public Service & Policy Research

for South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism

122

Table 26. Appalachian Planning District* Statewide Recreation Participation 2005, Age 12 and Older

Percentage Participating

Activity District State Walking for pleasure or exercise 83.6 83.2 Attending outdoor sporting events 61.0 63.4 Beach swimming/sunbathing 56.0 62.5 Driving for pleasure 59.1 58.2 Weights or exercise machines 55.9 57.1 Picnicking 65.6 53.4 Pool swimming 49.1 53.2 Visiting historical sites 48.4 52.1 Bicycling 33.7 42.8 Visiting a museum 32.7 38.4 Fresh water fishing 40.1 37.2 Visiting an unusual natural feature 47.5 34.7 Playing basketball 32.4 34.5 Visiting a zoo 30.7 34.1 Motorboating 39.3 34.1 Jogging/running 31.5 33.9 Watching wildlife 32.1 33.4 Lake/river swimming 33.7 28.0 Off-road vehicle riding 19.7 23.5 Camping 27.4 23.1 Playing football 21.8 22.4 Golf 20.7 21.1 Guided nature trail/study 17.7 20.2 Bird watching 21.0 20.2 Hiking 23.0 18.2 Playing volleyball 12.9 17.2 Salt water fishing 13.8 16.2 Playing baseball 15.9 15.9 Playing tennis 12.8 14.3 Hunting 14.6 13.6 Playing softball 10.9 13.5 Other shooting sports 11.9 12.0 Jetskiing 14.7 11.8 Attending an auto race 12.7 11.1 Driving a motorcycle for pleasure 13.9 11.1 Canoeing, kayaking, rafting 11.8 10.7 Skateboarding, in-line skating, roller skating 8.7 10.0 Horseback riding 9.3 9.1 Playing soccer 4.9 7.6 Shellfishing/shrimping 1.7 7.1 Waterskiing 7.4 6.1 Rock climbing, rappelling 6.7 6.1 Sailing 2.2 2.7 Geocaching or orienteering 3.4 2.5 Hunting dog field trials 2.3 2.2 In-line hockey 2.2 1.2

* Counties in the Appalachian District include: Anderson, Cherokee, Greenville, Oconee,

Pickens and Spartanburg.

123

Table 27. Upper Savannah Planning District* Statewide Recreation Participation 2005, Age 12 and Older

Percentage Participating

Activity District State Walking for pleasure or exercise 88.9 83.2 Attending outdoor sporting events 70.6 63.4 Beach swimming/sunbathing 52.8 62.5 Driving for pleasure 65.5 58.2 Weights or exercise machines 49.7 57.1 Picnicking 53.5 53.4 Pool swimming 50.4 53.2 Visiting historical sites 49.9 52.1 Bicycling 28.8 42.8 Visiting a museum 39.0 38.4 Fresh water fishing 50.6 37.2 Visiting an unusual natural feature 29.0 34.7 Playing basketball 30.8 34.5 Visiting a zoo 25.8 34.1 Motorboating 40.1 34.1 Jogging/running 21.0 33.9 Watching wildlife 43.8 33.4 Lake/river swimming 35.9 28.0 Off-road vehicle riding 21.9 23.5 Camping 29.6 23.1 Playing football 17.3 22.4 Golf 16.0 21.1 Guided nature trail/study 18.2 20.2 Bird watching 26.0 20.2 Hiking 12.9 18.2 Playing volleyball 14.5 17.2 Salt water fishing 10.2 16.2 Playing baseball 18.5 15.9 Playing tennis 9.4 14.3 Hunting 19.6 13.6 Playing softball 21.5 13.5 Other shooting sports 9.3 12.0 Jetskiing 12.7 11.8 Attending an auto race 11.4 11.1 Driving a motorcycle for pleasure 5.7 11.1 Canoeing, kayaking, rafting 7.6 10.7 Skateboarding, in-line skating, roller skating 4.9 10.0 Horseback riding 4.7 9.1 Playing soccer 3.8 7.6 Shellfishing/shrimping 2.2 7.1 Waterskiing 5.1 6.1 Rock climbing, rappelling 5.6 6.1 Sailing 2.5 2.7 Geocaching or orienteering 3.2 2.5 Hunting dog field trials 2.2 2.2 In-line hockey 1.3 1.2

* Counties in the Upper Savannah District include: Abbeville, Greenwood, Edgefield,

Laurens, McCormick and Saluda.

124

Table 28. Catawba Planning District* Statewide Recreation Participation 2005, Age 12 and Older

Percentage Participating

Activity District State Walking for pleasure or exercise 82.7 83.2 Attending outdoor sporting events 73.0 63.4 Beach swimming/sunbathing 60.0 62.5 Driving for pleasure 58.4 58.2 Weights or exercise machines 55.5 57.1 Picnicking 56.6 53.4 Pool swimming 60.4 53.2 Visiting historical sites 55.1 52.1 Bicycling 43.9 42.8 Visiting a museum 42.1 38.4 Fresh water fishing 43.4 37.2 Visiting an unusual natural feature 42.6 34.7 Playing basketball 37.3 34.5 Visiting a zoo 28.6 34.1 Motorboating 30.6 34.1 Jogging/running 30.7 33.9 Watching wildlife 27.6 33.4 Lake/river swimming 28.1 28.0 Off-road vehicle riding 20.3 23.5 Camping 26.7 23.1 Playing football 23.9 22.4 Golf 20.4 21.1 Guided nature trail/study 26.0 20.2 Bird watching 18.8 20.2 Hiking 28.7 18.2 Playing volleyball 25.4 17.2 Salt water fishing 12.0 16.2 Playing baseball 16.2 15.9 Playing tennis 10.5 14.3 Hunting 14.1 13.6 Playing softball 19.2 13.5 Other shooting sports 18.4 12.0 Jetskiing 11.5 11.8 Attending an auto race 15.4 11.1 Driving a motorcycle for pleasure 13.6 11.1 Canoeing, kayaking, rafting 12.9 10.7 Skateboarding, in-line skating, roller skating 10.1 10.0 Horseback riding 13.3 9.1 Playing soccer 10.6 7.6 Shellfishing/shrimping 3.3 7.1 Waterskiing 10.6 6.1 Rock climbing, rappelling 4.8 6.1 Sailing 3.9 2.7 Geocaching or orienteering 2.2 2.5 Hunting dog field trials 1.7 2.2 In-line hockey 0.7 1.2

* Counties in the Catawba District include: Chester, Lancaster, Union and York.

125

Table 29. Central Midlands Planning District* Statewide Recreation Participation 2005, Age 12 and Older

Percentage Participating

Activity District State Walking for pleasure or exercise 82.8 83.2 Attending outdoor sporting events 68.7 63.4 Beach swimming/sunbathing 68.5 62.5 Driving for pleasure 52.8 58.2 Weights or exercise machines 70.7 57.1 Picnicking 54.1 53.4 Pool swimming 52.6 53.2 Visiting historical sites 50.1 52.1 Bicycling 50.6 42.8 Visiting a museum 45.4 38.4 Fresh water fishing 37.6 37.2 Visiting an unusual natural feature 35.3 34.7 Playing basketball 44.2 34.5 Visiting a zoo 60.4 34.1 Motorboating 33.0 34.1 Jogging/running 42.6 33.9 Watching wildlife 34.3 33.4 Lake/river swimming 26.8 28.0 Off-road vehicle riding 22.7 23.5 Camping 20.2 23.1 Playing football 28.9 22.4 Golf 24.7 21.1 Guided nature trail/study 28.9 20.2 Bird watching 17.7 20.2 Hiking 19.9 18.2 Playing volleyball 25.1 17.2 Salt water fishing 11.5 16.2 Playing baseball 16.7 15.9 Playing tennis 16.9 14.3 Hunting 9.7 13.6 Playing softball 16.4 13.5 Other shooting sports 10.5 12.0 Jetskiing 11.3 11.8 Attending an auto race 6.6 11.1 Driving a motorcycle for pleasure 9.7 11.1 Canoeing, kayaking, rafting 12.9 10.7 Skateboarding, in-line skating, roller skating 10.5 10.0 Horseback riding 7.8 9.1 Playing soccer 12.8 7.6 Shellfishing/shrimping 2.5 7.1 Waterskiing 5.5 6.1 Rock climbing, rappelling 6.9 6.1 Sailing 2.3 2.7 Geocaching or orienteering 0.4 2.5 Hunting dog field trials 1.7 2.2 In-line hockey 0.4 1.2

* Counties in the Central Midlands District include: Fairfield, Lexington, Newberry and

Richland.

126

Table 30. Lower Savannah Planning District* Statewide Recreation Participation 2005, Age 12 and Older

Percentage Participating

Activity District State Walking for pleasure or exercise 80.5 83.2 Attending outdoor sporting events 59.4 63.4 Beach swimming/sunbathing 60.0 62.5 Driving for pleasure 57.8 58.2 Weights or exercise machines 51.9 57.1 Picnicking 43.6 53.4 Pool swimming 47.9 53.2 Visiting historical sites 43.1 52.1 Bicycling 39.2 42.8 Visiting a museum 31.8 38.4 Fresh water fishing 34.2 37.2 Visiting an unusual natural feature 24.7 34.7 Playing basketball 38.8 34.5 Visiting a zoo 36.6 34.1 Motorboating 25.3 34.1 Jogging/running 34.8 33.9 Watching wildlife 32.2 33.4 Lake/river swimming 25.1 28.0 Off-road vehicle riding 22.3 23.5 Camping 21.9 23.1 Playing football 17.5 22.4 Golf 15.4 21.1 Guided nature trail/study 15.4 20.2 Bird watching 18.8 20.2 Hiking 9.3 18.2 Playing volleyball 15.4 17.2 Salt water fishing 15.6 16.2 Playing baseball 13.8 15.9 Playing tennis 12.6 14.3 Hunting 11.8 13.6 Playing softball 10.3 13.5 Other shooting sports 15.9 12.0 Jetskiing 8.3 11.8 Attending an auto race 11.6 11.1 Driving a motorcycle for pleasure 12.2 11.1 Canoeing, kayaking, rafting 11.0 10.7 Skateboarding, in-line skating, roller skating 13.0 10.0 Horseback riding 10.2 9.1 Playing soccer 5.6 7.6 Shellfishing/shrimping 7.9 7.1 Waterskiing 5.4 6.1 Rock climbing, rappelling 5.2 6.1 Sailing 1.6 2.7 Geocaching or orienteering 2.7 2.5 Hunting dog field trials 0.7 2.2 In-line hockey 1.7 1.2

* Counties in the Lower Savannah District include: Aiken, Allendale, Bamberg, Barnwell,

Calhoun and Orangeburg.

127

Table 31. Santee-Lynches Planning District* Statewide Recreation Participation 2005, Age 12 and Older

Percentage Participating

Activity District State Walking for pleasure or exercise 79.0 83.2 Attending outdoor sporting events 49.9 63.4 Beach swimming/sunbathing 57.4 62.5 Driving for pleasure 59.5 58.2 Weights or exercise machines 55.6 57.1 Picnicking 42.0 53.4 Pool swimming 52.2 53.2 Visiting historical sites 41.0 52.1 Bicycling 39.6 42.8 Visiting a museum 29.0 38.4 Fresh water fishing 41.6 37.2 Visiting an unusual natural feature 23.1 34.7 Playing basketball 35.2 34.5 Visiting a zoo 35.9 34.1 Motorboating 22.8 34.1 Jogging/running 34.8 33.9 Watching wildlife 35.8 33.4 Lake/river swimming 23.6 28.0 Off-road vehicle riding 30.7 23.5 Camping 16.8 23.1 Playing football 15.1 22.4 Golf 13.9 21.1 Guided nature trail/study 13.6 20.2 Bird watching 17.5 20.2 Hiking 8.8 18.2 Playing volleyball 15.3 17.2 Salt water fishing 10.5 16.2 Playing baseball 12.6 15.9 Playing tennis 9.6 14.3 Hunting 22.1 13.6 Playing softball 14.6 13.5 Other shooting sports 9.6 12.0 Jetskiing 7.7 11.8 Attending an auto race 9.0 11.1 Driving a motorcycle for pleasure 9.4 11.1 Canoeing, kayaking, rafting 2.6 10.7 Skateboarding, in-line skating, roller skating 7.9 10.0 Horseback riding 8.5 9.1 Playing soccer 4.4 7.6 Shellfishing/shrimping 4.5 7.1 Waterskiing 1.5 6.1 Rock climbing, rappelling 7.0 6.1 Sailing 1.6 2.7 Geocaching or orienteering 0.0 2.5 Hunting dog field trials 8.5 2.2 In-line hockey 0.0 1.2

* Counties in the Santee-Lynches District include: Clarendon, Lee, Kershaw and Sumter.

128

Table 32. Pee Dee Planning District* Statewide Recreation Participation 2005, Age 12 and Older

Percentage Participating

Activity District State Walking for pleasure or exercise 75.3 83.2 Attending outdoor sporting events 58.7 63.4 Beach swimming/sunbathing 63.0 62.5 Driving for pleasure 67.5 58.2 Weights or exercise machines 53.0 57.1 Picnicking 37.2 53.4 Pool swimming 54.5 53.2 Visiting historical sites 43.4 52.1 Bicycling 39.6 42.8 Visiting a museum 37.3 38.4 Fresh water fishing 44.3 37.2 Visiting an unusual natural feature 27.1 34.7 Playing basketball 35.6 34.5 Visiting a zoo 27.3 34.1 Motorboating 23.6 34.1 Jogging/running 34.0 33.9 Watching wildlife 29.0 33.4 Lake/river swimming 28.1 28.0 Off-road vehicle riding 25.9 23.5 Camping 20.1 23.1 Playing football 19.6 22.4 Golf 21.7 21.1 Guided nature trail/study 20.5 20.2 Bird watching 19.2 20.2 Hiking 12.4 18.2 Playing volleyball 16.1 17.2 Salt water fishing 16.5 16.2 Playing baseball 21.6 15.9 Playing tennis 12.1 14.3 Hunting 16.7 13.6 Playing softball 14.8 13.5 Other shooting sports 10.7 12.0 Jetskiing 7.3 11.8 Attending an auto race 14.3 11.1 Driving a motorcycle for pleasure 10.3 11.1 Canoeing, kayaking, rafting 4.4 10.7 Skateboarding, in-line skating, roller skating 10.3 10.0 Horseback riding 11.2 9.1 Playing soccer 7.5 7.6 Shellfishing/shrimping 4.4 7.1 Waterskiing 4.9 6.1 Rock climbing, rappelling 7.1 6.1 Sailing 0.7 2.7 Geocaching or orienteering 1.7 2.5 Hunting dog field trials 4.9 2.2 In-line hockey 0.7 1.2

* Counties in the Pee Dee District include: Chesterfield, Darlington, Dillon, Florence,

Marion and Marlboro.

129

Table 33. Waccamaw Planning District* Statewide Recreation Participation 2005, Age 12 and Older

Percentage Participating

Activity District State Walking for pleasure or exercise 84.5 83.2 Attending outdoor sporting events 57.9 63.4 Beach swimming/sunbathing 69.6 62.5 Driving for pleasure 61.3 58.2 Weights or exercise machines 48.1 57.1 Picnicking 46.0 53.4 Pool swimming 57.3 53.2 Visiting historical sites 56.0 52.1 Bicycling 46.8 42.8 Visiting a museum 40.1 38.4 Fresh water fishing 33.6 37.2 Visiting an unusual natural feature 27.7 34.7 Playing basketball 31.9 34.5 Visiting a zoo 31.4 34.1 Motorboating 34.1 34.1 Jogging/running 25.2 33.9 Watching wildlife 43.5 33.4 Lake/river swimming 26.5 28.0 Off-road vehicle riding 29.5 23.5 Camping 19.3 23.1 Playing football 17.4 22.4 Golf 26.7 21.1 Guided nature trail/study 22.6 20.2 Bird watching 21.4 20.2 Hiking 9.1 18.2 Playing volleyball 19.0 17.2 Salt water fishing 29.2 16.2 Playing baseball 13.8 15.9 Playing tennis 18.4 14.3 Hunting 13.0 13.6 Playing softball 13.2 13.5 Other shooting sports 12.5 12.0 Jetskiing 8.4 11.8 Attending an auto race 15.6 11.1 Driving a motorcycle for pleasure 11.2 11.1 Canoeing, kayaking, rafting 12.5 10.7 Skateboarding, in-line skating, roller skating 5.6 10.0 Horseback riding 5.5 9.1 Playing soccer 5.7 7.6 Shellfishing/shrimping 13.3 7.1 Waterskiing 4.0 6.1 Rock climbing, rappelling 1.6 6.1 Sailing 3.8 2.7 Geocaching or orienteering 4.2 2.5 Hunting dog field trials 2.0 2.2 In-line hockey 0.2 1.2

* Counties in the Waccamaw District include: Horry, Georgetown and Williamsburg.

130

Table 34. Berkeley-Charleston-Dorchester Planning District* Statewide Recreation Participation 2005, Age 12 and Older

Percentage Participating

Activity District State Walking for pleasure or exercise 84.5 83.2 Attending outdoor sporting events 65.1 63.4 Beach swimming/sunbathing 68.4 62.5 Driving for pleasure 53.1 58.2 Weights or exercise machines 61.2 57.1 Picnicking 47.2 53.4 Pool swimming 56.2 53.2 Visiting historical sites 64.2 52.1 Bicycling 55.4 42.8 Visiting a museum 40.0 38.4 Fresh water fishing 28.3 37.2 Visiting an unusual natural feature 26.1 34.7 Playing basketball 32.3 34.5 Visiting a zoo 25.1 34.1 Motorboating 36.2 34.1 Jogging/running 39.4 33.9 Watching wildlife 28.2 33.4 Lake/river swimming 19.8 28.0 Off-road vehicle riding 27.8 23.5 Camping 18.1 23.1 Playing football 29.1 22.4 Golf 20.6 21.1 Guided nature trail/study 15.3 20.2 Bird watching 18.4 20.2 Hiking 17.8 18.2 Playing volleyball 15.8 17.2 Salt water fishing 21.1 16.2 Playing baseball 15.3 15.9 Playing tennis 19.5 14.3 Hunting 12.4 13.6 Playing softball 9.0 13.5 Other shooting sports 11.8 12.0 Jetskiing 13.1 11.8 Attending an auto race 7.9 11.1 Driving a motorcycle for pleasure 8.7 11.1 Canoeing, kayaking, rafting 10.8 10.7 Skateboarding, in-line skating, roller skating 13.1 10.0 Horseback riding 7.7 9.1 Playing soccer 10.8 7.6 Shellfishing/shrimping 15.1 7.1 Waterskiing 7.5 6.1 Rock climbing, rappelling 7.3 6.1 Sailing 4.5 2.7 Geocaching or orienteering 3.9 2.5 Hunting dog field trials 1.0 2.2 In-line hockey 1.9 1.2

* Counties in the BCD District include: Berkeley, Charleston and Dorchester.

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Table 35. Lowcountry Planning District* Statewide Recreation Participation 2005, Age 12 and Older

Percentage Participating

Activity District State Walking for pleasure or exercise 90.4 83.2 Attending outdoor sporting events 62.5 63.4 Beach swimming/sunbathing 73.3 62.5 Driving for pleasure 55.2 58.2 Weights or exercise machines 57.0 57.1 Picnicking 49.7 53.4 Pool swimming 52.5 53.2 Visiting historical sites 61.7 52.1 Bicycling 49.5 42.8 Visiting a museum 40.6 38.4 Fresh water fishing 39.1 37.2 Visiting an unusual natural feature 30.2 34.7 Playing basketball 32.2 34.5 Visiting a zoo 15.2 34.1 Motorboating 35.8 34.1 Jogging/running 40.4 33.9 Watching wildlife 34.5 33.4 Lake/river swimming 22.0 28.0 Off-road vehicle riding 20.0 23.5 Camping 23.5 23.1 Playing football 25.0 22.4 Golf 28.7 21.1 Guided nature trail/study 22.2 20.2 Bird watching 20.5 20.2 Hiking 14.8 18.2 Playing volleyball 15.9 17.2 Salt water fishing 30.1 16.2 Playing baseball 18.8 15.9 Playing tennis 12.6 14.3 Hunting 12.1 13.6 Playing softball 16.0 13.5 Other shooting sports 10.8 12.0 Jetskiing 13.2 11.8 Attending an auto race 11.3 11.1 Driving a motorcycle for pleasure 9.5 11.1 Canoeing, kayaking, rafting 10.1 10.7 Skateboarding, in-line skating, roller skating 7.9 10.0 Horseback riding 9.5 9.1 Playing soccer 5.6 7.6 Shellfishing/shrimping 30.3 7.1 Waterskiing 4.5 6.1 Rock climbing, rappelling 6.1 6.1 Sailing 3.8 2.7 Geocaching or orienteering 1.0 2.5 Hunting dog field trials 2.8 2.2 In-line hockey 0.4 1.2

* Counties in the Lowcountry District include: Beaufort, Colleton, Hampton and Jasper.

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APPENDIX B. SOUTH CAROLINA HERITAGE PRESERVES *Designated as of January 31, 2007

Preserves Open Year Round 1. Aiken Gopher Tortoise (1,492 acres, Aiken County) – The gopher tortoise is the State’s most

endangered reptile and a candidate for Federal listing. The northernmost population of gopher tortoises in the United States is protected at this preserve. The preserve contains numerous walking trails and hunting is allowed. Contact 803-755-2843.

2. Ashmore (1,031 acres, Greenville County) – A beautiful mature hardwood forest covers most of this preserve, which is part of the Mountain Bridge Wilderness and Recreation Area. A hiking trail with beautiful views extends to a small lake that lies in the middle of the preserve. Hunting is allowed. Contact 864-654-6738, Extension 15.

3. Bald Rock (163 acres, Greenville County) – As a popular overlook on the road to Caesar’s Head, this preserve contains granite outcrops, seeps and water slides. The rock is beside US 276 and falls steeply to a forest below, which provides a spectacular view across the foothills. Two rare plant species are found on the preserve. Contact 864-654-6738, Extension 15.

4. Belvue Springs (28 acres, Greenville County) – This property was acquired to protect habitat for the federally endangered bunched arrowhead and other rare plant species. Contact 803-654-6738, Extension 15.

5. Bennett’s Bay (680 acres, Clarendon County) – Most of this Carolina bay is included in the preserve and is one of the westernmost “peat-filled” bays in South Carolina. Peat is formed when plant material, deposited in wetlands, does not completely decompose. The peat layer and associated vegetation form a pocosin with a dense thicket of blueberries, gallberries, cat-brier and other acid tolerant plants. Contact 803-755-2843.

6. Brasstown Creek (461 acres, Oconee County) – Located adjacent to Sumter National Forest along the Tugaloo River, this preserve harbors the rare pitch pine heath plant community. This community supports turkey beard and several other rare plant species. Periodic fire is used to maintain this habitat. Hunting is allowed. Contact 864-654-6738, Extension 15.

7. Bunched Arrowhead (176 acres, Greenville County) – This preserve harbors the largest remaining population of the endangered bunched arrowhead (Sagittaria fasciculate) plant species. Declining throughout its range, populations of bunched arrowhead located here represent the best chance for long-term survival of the species. A 1.25-mile hiking trail guides the visitor through various habitats. Contact 864-654-6738, Extension 15.

8. Buzzard Roost (501 acres, Oconee County) – Covering Buzzard Roost Mountain and part of Poor Mountain, this preserve is underlain by low-grade marble, which protrudes in various outcrops and supports uncommon fern species. The 1.3-mile trail guides visitors to the top of Buzzard Roost and to the rare Table Mountain pine plant community, which supports rare species and is fire dependant. Hunting is allowed. Contact 864-654-6738 Ext. 15.

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9. Caper’s Island (1,203 acres, Charleston County) – A classical barrier island with a variety of habitats and rare species. Visitors may observe alligators, eagles, nesting osprey and wading birds in the brackish water impoundments. The island is accessed by boat from the inlets at the north and south end or at the dock on the south end. Managed by SCDNR’s Marine Resources Division, primitive camping is allowed by permit. Contact 843-953-9360.

10. Cartwheel Bay (568 acres, Horry County) – One of only a few Carolina bay-longleaf pine savannah complexes in SC. It provides habitat for 9 native orchid species and three rare plant species, including the Venus’ flytrap. Managers used prescribed fire to maintain the rare habitats. Hunting is allowed. Contact 843-546-3226.

11. Cathedral Bay (58 acres, Bamberg County) – A pristine example of a mature pond cypress plant community. The rise and fall of the water level in the bay is controlled by rainfall, evapotranspiration, infiltration, and possibly other factors not yet understood. This natural fluctuation provides habitats used by a variety of amphibians, which use the ponds as breeding sites. Contact 803-755-2843.

12. Chandler (253 acres, Greenville County) – This preserve provides beautiful views from a large granite outcrop. A half-mile trail also passes through a Virginia pine-hardwood plant community that shows evidence of natural succession through storm damage. The property provides an excellent area for viewing woodpeckers and skinks. Hunting is allowed. Contact 864-654-6738 Extension 15.

13. Chestnut Ridge (1,886 acres, Greenville County) – Acquisition of this property by several conservation organizations helped safeguard 21,000 acres. The upper part of Chestnut Ridge contains a mixture of mature hardwood forests dominated by either mixed species of oaks or diverse cove hardwood species. The property protects two rare animal species and 7 rare plant species. Hunting is allowed. Contact 864-654-6738, Extension 15.

14. Childsbury (90 acres, Berkeley County) – Founded in 1707, Childsbury and the adjacent Strawberry Landing (est. 1705) are examples of an early frontier settlement away from the port of Charleston. The area is an important site for interpreting early contact among Native Americans, African Americans and Euro Americans. Features include a ferry landing, shipwrecks, homes, a tavern, a racetrack, a free school and a general store. Contact 803-734-3753.

15. Clear Creek (19 acres, Greenville County) – This preserve protects a large population of the federally endangered bunched arrowhead plant species. Contact 864-654-6738, Extension 15.

16. Congaree Bluffs (201 acres, Calhoun County) – Containing steep, undisturbed bluffs bordering the Congaree River, this preserve harbors significant stands of American beech, oak-hickory and bottomland hardwoods. No comparable sites exist in the coastal plain of South Carolina. More than 100 species of trees, shrubs and woody vines have been identified from the ridge base to the crest of the bluffs. Contact 803-755-2843.

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17. Congaree Creek (641 acres, Lexington County) – Four highly significant archaeological sites occur on this preserve. They include a South Appalachian-Mississippian Indian village, a 10-12,000 year old Paleoindian campsite, the18th century town site of Saxe Gotha, and another site that spans all of these time periods. The 6-mile Guignard Brickworks Loop Trail is nationally recognized as a Millennium Trail. Contact 803-734-3753.

18. Crosby Oxypolis (32 acres, Colleton County) – One of the best sites known for the federally endangered plant species, Canby’s dropwort (Oxypolis canbyi). This species occurs in habitat formed by a perched water table in the remaining portion of a Carolina bay. Contact 843-546-3226.

19. Daw’s Island (1,881 acres, Beaufort County) – This island contains four Late Archaic Period shell rings dating to 4,500 years ago. Twenty-three other sites ranging from 10,000 BC to AD 500 are also present on the Island. A primitive campsite is available by permit and a sea kayak trail guide is under development. For more information or a camp permit, call 803-734-3893.

20. Ditch Pond (117/179 acres, Aiken/Barnwell Counties) – Acquired to protect a Carolina bay, the property also provides habitat for seven rare plant species. First documented in 1973, Ditch Pond is one of the few Carolina bays in the State that remains intact. Contact 803-755-2843.

21. Dungannon Plantation (643 acres, Charleston County) – A freshwater reserve was built on Dungannon Plantation in the 1800's to supply rice fields downstream. The reserve now provides nesting habitat for federally endangered wood storks, ospreys, anhingas, great egrets, and great blue herons. Managers plan to develop a handicapped accessible boardwalk and viewing blind. Hunting is allowed. Contact 843-546-3226.

22. Eastatoe Creek (374 acres, Pickens County) – This steep mountain gorge features an old growth hemlock forest, a rainbow trout stream and rare ferns that are maintained by the creek’s moist spray in the “narrows.” Primitive camping and fires are allowed in designated areas. Found within Jocassee Gorges, the preserve is managed by the DNR Wildlife Management Section. Hunting is allowed. Contact 864-654-6738 Ext. 15.

23. Fort Frederick (3 acres, Beaufort County) – This fortification was built on the Beaufort River by the British in the early 1700's. The remaining foundation shows an outline of this small structure. A wall, facing the river, was lined with cannons and the interior held a barracks and magazine. Contact 803-734-3753.

24. Fort Lamar (14 acres, Charleston County) – Documented as the 2nd most important Civil War site in the State, this fort was the locale of a fierce battle in which a Confederate force of 1,250 defeated 3,500 Union troops on June 16, 1862. Brochures and self-guided hiking trails are available at the preserve. Contact 803-734-3753.

25. Forty Acre Rock (1,587 acres, Lancaster County) – A diverse assemblage of rare habitats and endangered plant species adapted to the extremes in moisture and temperature, typical of a flat rock plant community. A 4.5-mile hiking trail guides visitors over the rock, along

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a piedmont stream and to a beaver pond boardwalk. Hunting is allowed. Contact 803-419-9374.

26. Glassy Mountain (65 acres, Pickens County) – One of a few relatively undisturbed piedmont monadnocks remaining in South Carolina. This unusual land form provides a spectacular view and harbors several rare plant species. Contact 864-654-6738, Extension 22.

27. Great Pee Dee River (2,725 acres, Darlington County) – A mature piedmont fIoodplain forest is preserved on this property, which includes more than 7 miles of river frontage and provides habitats for four State threatened species and several archaeological sites. Visitors can participate in recovery efforts every March during “Archaeology Week”. Hunting is allowed. Contact 803-734-3893.

28. Green’s Shell Enclosure (3 acres, Beaufort County) – An earthen and oyster shell ground feature of late prehistory, during the Mississippian Period (Irene Phase C. 1300 AD), marks the fortified wall of an Indian village. It is the only feature of this type known to exist in the South Carolina. Contact 803-734-3753.

29. Henderson (426 acres, Aiken County) – The rare longleaf pine-scrub oak sandhills ecosystem is preserved on this property. The 1.4-mile hiking trail guides visitors through much of this habitat. Controlled burns are undertaken regularly to maintain and enhance habitat for rare species. Contact 803-755-2843.

30. Janet Harrison Highpond (30 acres, Aiken County) – This small preserve provides the only protection for the federally endangered harperella, known in only three sites in South Carolina. A depression meadow plant community also provides habitat for 5 other rare plant species. Managers are gradually converting this highpond back to a natural condition, which will expand the desired habitat. Contact 803-755-2843.

31. Laurel Fork (1,000 acres, Pickens County) – This mountain property features an old growth hemlock forest, streams that contain rainbow trout and rare plant species. It is bisected by the “Foothills Trail,” where backpacking and primitive camping is allowed. Laurel Fork lies within the Jocassee Gorges, which is managed by the DNR Wildlife Management Section. Hunting is allowed. Contact 864-654-6738, Extension 15.

32. Lewis Ocean Bay (9,343 acres, Horry County) – At least 20 Carolina bays are found on this preserve, which provides habitat for Venus’ flytrap, yellow pitcher plants, native orchids, black bear, bald eagles, and red-cockaded woodpeckers. Visitors will find the most plant diversity along the ecotones at the edge of the bays. In this nutrient poor environment, some plant species survive by eating insects. Hunting is allowed. Contact 843-546-3226.

33. Little Pee Dee (3,488/6,738 acres, Marion/Horry Counties) – Consisting of 5 separate tracts (Little Pee Dee, Tilghman, Ward, Dargan and Upper Gunters Island) this preserve protects more than 17 miles of river frontage. Predominant natural communities include cypress-gum swamps, bottomland hardwood forests and fluvial sand ridges, which provide habitats for rare species. A river trail guide is available and river camping is allowed. Hunting is allowed. Contact 843-546-3226.

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34. Little Pee Dee State Park Bay (301 acres, Dillon County) – The Heritage Trust Program acquired 301 acres, immediately adjacent to the north end of Little Pee Dee State Park, to protect this undisturbed Carolina bay. It is managed by SCPRT, but there are no access facilities or trails at the Bay. Contact 843-774-8872.

35. Longleaf Pine (843 acres, Lee County) – Composed primarily of longleaf pine savannah interspersed with pond cypress depressions, two federally endangered species occur here: the red-cockaded woodpecker and Canby’s dropwort. A pine savannah habitat is maintained by prescribed fire and mechanical roller chopping. Numerous wildflower species can be readily observed during spring, summer, or fall. Hunting is allowed. Contact 803-419-9374.

36. Lynchburg Savanna (291 acres, Lee County) – Another fine example of a longleaf pine savannah. This habitat is considered one of the most biologically diverse and imperiled ecosystems in North America. As a measure of diversity, one may note that at least 6 different carnivorous plant species have been found on this preserve. Numerous wildflower species can be readily observed in spring, summer, or fall. Hunting is allowed. Contact 803-734-3893.

37. Old Island (400 acres, Beaufort County) – Composed of relict dune ridges interspersed with freshwater wetlands, Old Island exhibits a mosaic of diverse habitats. This undisturbed coastal island is accessible only by boat and visitors must wade across salt marsh to reach the area. Contact 843-546-3226.

38. Pacolet River (278 acres, Spartanburg County) - Two Native American soapstone quarries, thought to be the best preserved in the State, are found on this preserve. Bowls, disks, banner stones and pipes were made here from soapstone, during the Late Archaic Period (3,000 - 11,000 BC). Contact 803-734-3753.

39. Peachtree Rock (155 acres, Lexington County) – The largest sandstone outcrops in the State are found here, as well as the only waterfall in the Coastal Plain and a longleaf pine ecosystem. More than 245 different plant species have been identified on the property. An adjoining 305-acre tract owned by The Nature Conservancy is also part of the preserve. Contact 803-254-9049.

40. Peter’s Creek (160 acres, Spartanburg County) – The second largest known population of the dwarf-flowered heartleaf is found in this piedmont cove forest. Rolling topography, an old mill dam, a pond, two creeks, and walking trails make this site a pleasant place to visit. For more information, call 864-654-6738, Ext. 15.

41. Poinsett Bridge (120 acres, Greenville County) – Built in 1820, this arched stone bridge is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Part of the State Road from Charleston to North Carolina, it was designed by noted statesman and botanist Joel Poinsett. Contact 803-734-3753.

42. Rock Hill Blackjacks (291 acres, York County) – This small area is all that remains of the once widespread prairie system in South Carolina. It is the only location where the federally endangered Schweinitz’s sunflower enjoys permanent protection. Three rare plant

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communities and 21 rare plant species are found on this property. A hiking trail is in place for visitors. Hunting is allowed. Contact 803-419-9374.

43. Savage Bay (110 acres, Kershaw County) – The preserve is named in honor of Henry Savage, a noted naturalist, former Heritage Trust Advisory Board member, and author of The Mysterious Carolina Bays. Water in the pond cypress interior of this Carolina bay fluctuates throughout the year and provides a beautiful backdrop for wading birds and ducks. Contact 803-419-9374.

44. Savannah River Bluffs (84 acres, Aiken County) – From the high bluff on this preserve, one can see the rare rocky shoals spider lily and remnants of ancient Native American fishing weirs. A foot trail will guide the visitor through the only permanently protected habitat for the federally endangered relict trillium. Contact 803-755-2843.

45. Segars-McKinnon (795 acres, Darlington County) – Occupying the floodplain and upland on the north side of Black Creek, this preserve provides habitat for 6 rare plant species and 4 rare plant communities. A footbridge across Black Creek connects the preserve with Kalmia Gardens, a botanical complex in Hartsville. Contact 843-383-8145 or 803-419-9374.

46. Shealy’s Pond (62 acres, Lexington County) – This old mill pond is surrounded by a white cedar bog that supports several rare plant species. This is one of only 3 known localities for the globally rare Rayner’s blueberry. The preserve also harbors interesting carnivorous plants, such as sundews, pitcher plants and bladderworts. Contact 803-755-2843.

47. South Bluff (24 acres, Beaufort County) – Estimated to be 3,000-5,000 years old, this shell ring complex is one of only 15 known sites in the State. Lack of erosion and protection from vandalism makes South Bluff one of the best-preserved shell ring sites in South Carolina. Contact 803-734-3753.

48. St. Helena Sound (7,434 acres, Colleton County & 2,765 acres Beaufort County (10,199 acres total) – Six islands (Big, Warren, Ashe, Beet, Otter, and South Williman) comprise this preserve, which lies at the southern end of the 144,000-acre ACE Basin complex. These islands serve as core research areas for the National Estuarine Research Reserve System. They are open for daytime use year round and overnight camping is allowed from November through April. Access points may be limited due to wildlife resting and nesting locations. Pets are not allowed. Hunting is allowed. These islands are managed by the DNR Marine Resources Division. Contact 843-844-8822.

49. Steven’s Creek (332/102 acres, McCormick/Edgefield Counties) – Steven’s Creek Heritage Preserve is comprised of a north facing (and therefore moist) bluff that harbors 15 rare plant species. It is the only permanently protected site for the federally endangered Webster’s salamander. A loop trail will guide the visitor through a mature hardwood forest typical of the Appalachian Mountains. Hunting is allowed. Contact 864-654-6738, Extension 15.

50. Tillman Sand Ridge (1,422 acres, Jasper County) – This preserve harbors the largest population of the State’s endangered gopher tortoise. Regular controlled burns help to expand the longleaf pine/scrub oak plant community that is necessary for the tortoise to survive. Hunting is allowed. Contact 843-546-3226.

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51. Victoria Bluff (1,113 acres, Beaufort County) – Victoria Bluff Heritage Preserve is composed of the rare pine-saw palmetto flatwoods plant community. Dotted with small wet depressions, this property provides habitat for the rare pond spice. Fire breaks serve as potential hiking trails. Hunting is allowed. Contact 843-546-3226.

52. Waccamaw River (5,387 acres, Horry County) – This preserve borders much of the Waccamaw River from Red Bluff to the North Carolina State line. The mature bottomland hardwood forests and white sand beaches provide habitat for rare species. A river guide is available. River camping and hunting are allowed on the preserve. Contact 843-546-3226.

53. Wadakoe Mountain (37 acres, Pickens County) – Containing soils high in magnesium and calcium, this preserve provides habitat for nine rare plant species not commonly found in the Southern Appalachians. Contact 864-654-6738 Ext 15.

54. Watson-Cooper (1,707 acres, Greenville County) – This preserve is part of the Mountain Bridge Wilderness and Recreation Area. It contains the only protected mountain bog habitat in South Carolina and supports several rare plant species. Backpacking, camping and hunting is allowed. Contact 864-654-6738 ext.15.

55. Woods Bay (338/105/27 acres, Clarendon/Sumter/Florence Counties) – Several highly significant properties bordering Woods Bay State Park have been obtained to protect the entire Woods Bay. It ranks as the 5th most significant in South Carolina and much of the sand rim and adjacent land is not protected. SCPRT and DNR will continue efforts to protect a natural buffer around this bay. The park offers a visitors center, boardwalk, canoe trail, canoe rentals, and nature programs. Contact 843-659-4445.

Preserves Open Seasonally The Heritage Trust Program has permanently protected six sandy shoals along our coast to maintain suitable nesting habitat for seabirds and shorebirds. Birds nesting in these small areas number in the thousands. Any disturbance during nesting will adversely affect nesting success. For that reason, these shoal areas are closed to public use from April 1 thru October 15, but may be viewed from boats during these months. Visitors may access these shoals during winter months. These shoals may disappear, reappear and move as they go through cycles of erosion and accretion. Pets are not allowed. For more information, call 843-546-3226.

56. Bay Point Shoal (1 acre, Beaufort County) – This shoal is located about a half mile south of Bay Point Island and serves as an important seabird resting and nesting site.

57. Bird Key-Stono (20 acres, Charleston County) – A small island in the mouth of the Stono River harboring one of the largest brown pelican rookeries on the east coast.

58. Crab Bank (22 acres, Charleston County) – Seabird nesting at this sandy shoal was first recorded in 1979. In 1997, the site hosted the second largest seabird colony in South Carolina, with a total of 3,375 nests.

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59. Deveaux Bank (15 acres, Charleston County) – Deveaux Bank may be the most famous shorebird rookery in South Carolina, as it was first documented in the 1930's. This shoal has disappeared and reappeared several times due to storms and erosion.

60. Joiner Bank (1 acre, Beaufort County) – Considered to be one of the most significant seabird nesting sites in Beaufort County, Joiner Bank provides habitat to large colonies of black skimmers, federally endangered piping plovers and other seabirds.

61. North Santee Bar (1 acre, Georgetown County) – Located at the mouth of the North Santee River, this small shoal provides nesting and resting habitat for black skimmers, laughing gulls, least terns, piping plovers and other seabirds.

Preserve Visitation by Prearranged Tour Only Public visitation to some Heritage Preserves is limited to pre-arranged guided tours because of legal limitations on access or to prevent the unauthorized collection of artifacts at archaeological sites. The following six preserves are limited to guided tours and a phone number to call for additional information and reservations is listed.

62. Bear Branch (173 acres, Aiken County) – B.F. Landrum started making pottery here in 1848 and passed the tradition on to his son, who manufactured pottery here into the 1920's. The property contains an archaeological catalogue of the only true folk pottery in the Old Edgefield District. Contact 803-734-3753.

63. Buzzard Island (1 acre, Charleston County) – This prehistoric shell ring, from the Late Archaic and Early Woodland Periods (3,000-5,000 BP), represents the earliest look at coastal dwellers in South Carolina. Contact 803-734-3753.

64. Gopher Branch (11 acres, Aiken County) – This archaeological preserve includes Reverend John Landrum’s home and his alkaline glaze stoneware pottery kiln. He is believed to be the founder of the alkaline glaze stoneware tradition in the Old Edgefield District. Contact 803-734-3753.

65. Long Branch Bay (51 acres, Barnwell County) – This Carolina bay has been altered, but still harbors 4 rare plant species. Its interior is composed of an open grass/sedge meadow plant community that is intermittently flooded. Contact 803-755-2843.

66. Nipper Creek (90 acres, Richland County) – This preserve permanently protects a portion of the oldest and most productive archaeological site in South Carolina. The property harbors remains of prehistoric cultures dating from 10,000 BC to AD 500. Contact 803-734-3753.

67. Stoney Creek Battery (1 acre, Beaufort County) – The fortifications here were part of the Confederate southern coastal defenses constructed under the direction of General Robert E. Lee in 1861 and 1862. It is believed that the fortifications were not continuously manned; instead, a picket of one or more men would be periodically posted at Stoney Creek to warn of a Union advance into the area. Contact 803-734-3753.

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68. Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center (18,086 acres, Georgetown County) – The Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center includes Cat Island, South Island, Sand Island, and North Island. This diverse complex of managed wetlands, tidal marshes, island beaches, maritime forests and pine flatwoods hosts a wide diversity of game and nongame species, including threatened and endangered species. Contact 843-546-6814.

Limited Access Facilities Some Heritage Preserve properties have been recently acquired and do not yet have access facilities for the public. Others are difficult to access or contain habitat types that are available at existing preserves with access facilities. The following properties fall into this category

69. Blackwell Bunched Arrowhead (16 acres, Greenville County) – This small preserve, along with two registration agreements, protects the federally endangered bunched arrowhead plant species. The property is open to public visitation, but is difficult to access. The nearby Bunched Arrowhead Heritage Preserve is recommended as an alternate site for visitation.

70. Fish Dam Ford (138 acres, Chester County) – The property represents a Revolutionary War battle site where American forces defeated the British on November 7, 1782. It was one in a series of battles that turned the tide of the war and led to the British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia. Public access facilities will be constructed in the future.

TOTAL ACREAGE PROTECTED: 81,409

For all preserves: The phone number listed (if any) is a field office that is manned sporadically. A message may be left there or call 803-734-3893 during business hours.

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APPENDIX C. LIST OF SAMPLE GRANTS AND FUNDING SOURCES FOR OUTDOOR RECREATION IN SOUTH CAROLINA

Funding for outdoor recreation projects and operations is often pieced together from diverse sources, including Federal appropriations, State funds, grants, and corporate and private donations. Outdoor recreation will increasingly rely on public-private partnerships and innovative cost-sharing and leveraging of limited funds. The following table lists some of the current finding sources that support outdoor recreation and related interests.

SOURCE TYPE PROGRAM/AREAS OF INTEREST CONTACT INFORMATION

American Express Corporate Preservation of natural, cultural and built environment http://home3.americanexpress.com/corp/gb/themes.asp

American Forest Foundation Foundation Project Learning Tree environmental education program funds “learning-by-doing” environmental neighborhood improvement projects

www.plt.org/cms/pages/21_22_18.html

American Hiking Society Foundation National Trails Endowment provides funding to grassroots organizations working to establish, protect, and maintain foot trails

www.americanhiking.org/alliance/fund.html

Asphalt Rubber Technology Service/SC DHEC and Clemson University

State Recreational projects to include sports surfaces, sports infill systems, playgrounds, running tracks, walking trails, etc. that use recycled rubber coverings and materials

www.ces.clemson.edu/arts/application.html

Bikes Belong Coalition

Foundation Develop bicycle facilities and encourage biking www.bikesbelong.org/grants

Captain Planet Foundation

Foundation Environmental projects for children and youth www.captainplanetfdn.org

Coastal Community Foundation

Foundation Multiple environmental and conservation programs in 8 coastal counties from Beaufort to Georgetown

www.ccfgives.org

Community Foundation of Greater Greenville

Foundation Environment and multiple areas through donor advised funds

www.cfgg.com

Conservation Fund - American

Greenways Awards Foundation Support planning and implementation of community

greenways www.conservtaionfund.org

Environmental Protection Agency - Environmental

Education Grants

Federal Environmental education projects to enhance the public's awareness, knowledge, and skills to make informed and responsible decisions that affect environmental quality

www.epa.gov/ogd/grants/information.htm

Fish America Foundation/ American Sportfishing Assoc

Association Projects that enhance fish populations, restore habitat, improve water quality and advance fisheries research

www.fishamerica.org/grants/index.html

Foundation for Boating Safety and Clean Water

Foundation Improve boating environment through education and outreach - Clean Water Grants and Boating Safety Grants

www.boatus.com/foundation/Grants/index.htm

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SOURCE TYPE PROGRAM/AREAS OF INTEREST CONTACT INFORMATION

Fund for Wild Nature Foundation Environmental Action Grants support campaigns to save and restore native species and wild ecosystems, including actions to defend wilderness and biological diversity

www.fundwildnature.org/index.html

Future Fisherman Foundation - National Fishing and Boating Education Grants

Foundation Funds physical education teachers in K-12 schools to incorporate fishing/ boating activities into the broader school curriculum

http://futurefisherman.org/programs/pegran ts.php

Gaylord and Dorothy Donnelly Foundation

Foundation Environmental initiatives in the SC Lowcountry region www.gddf.org

General Mills – Champions for

Healthy Kids Grants Corporate Projects that encourage enhanced nutrition and physical

activity for young people www.generalmills.com/corporate/commitment/champions.aspx

Home Depot

Corporate Community Trees grant program supports efforts incorporate the strategic use of trees and landscape into community development plans

www.homedepotfoundation.org/support_trees_apply.html

J. Paul Getty Trust Foundation Architectural Conservation Grants support organizations in preserving buildings, sites, and designed landscapes of outstanding architectural, historical, and cultural significance

www.getty.edu/grants/

Lowcountry Conservation Loan Fund

Community Foundation

Fund

Low-cost, interim financing to pre-approved non-profit conservation organizations to protect lands with significant ecological, wildlife, scenic and recreational value

www.ccfgives.org/funding_apply.html

Lowe’s Corporate Toolbox for Education program funds school-based projects that can include outdoor classroom and nature trail projects

www.toolboxforeducation.com/

Mary Flagler Cary Charitable Trust

Foundation Supports collaborative efforts to protect barrier islands, estuaries and coastal wetlands and forests at selected sites along the Atlantic coastline from Maryland to South Carolina

www.carytrust.org

Merck Family Fund Foundation Funds restoration and protection of the natural environment; strengthening the social fabric and physical landscape of the urban community with focus on Southern Appalachian ecosystems and southeastern wetlands and coastal forests

www.merckff.org

Mott Foundation Foundation Projects that advance the conservation and restoration of freshwater ecosystems in North America, with emphasis on the Great Lakes and southeastern US

www.mott.org/Home/about/programs/environment/ecosystems.aspx

National Fish and Wildlife Foundation

Corporate and Foundation

Five-Star Restoration Challenge Grant Funds diverse local partnerships for wetland, riparian, and coastal habitat restoration

www.nfwf.org

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SOURCE TYPE PROGRAM/AREAS OF INTEREST CONTACT INFORMATION

National Fish and Wildlife Foundation/Wal-Mart

Corporate and Foundation

Land Conservation Grants provide for projects that conserve important habitat for fish, wildlife, and plants through acquisition of interest in real property

www.nfwf.org/programs/acresforamerica/rfp.cfm

National Park Service Federal American Battlefield Protection Program promotes the

identification, preservation and interpretation of

significant historic battlefield land or historic

sites associated with wars on American soil

www.nps.gov/history/hps/abpp/

National Park Service Federal Rivers and Trails Program works with community groups and local, State, and Federal government agencies to conserve rivers, preserve open space, and develop trails and greenways through technical assistance

www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/rtca/whoweare/wwa_who_we_are.htm

National Park Service Federal Challenge Cost-Share Program supports participation of communities, local agencies, and organizations to preserve natural, recreational, and cultural resources on NPS lands – including resource management, resource inventory and monitoring, scientific research, interpretive exhibit enhancement, historic site restoration, trail segment reconstruction, stabilization, rehabilitation, and trail safety improvements

www.nps.gov/chal/sp/jchalapp.htm

National Science Foundation Federal Formal and informal environmental education projects that develop and implement informal learning experiences designed to increase interest, engagement, and understanding of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics by individuals of all ages and backgrounds

www.nsf.gov

National Trust for Historic Preservation

Foundation Johanna Favrot Fund awards matching grants to non-profit organizations and public agencies grants for projects that contribute to preservation or recapture an authentic sense of place

www.nationaltrust.org/funding/nonprofit.html#funds

National Trust for Historic Preservation

Foundation Preservation Services Fund grants support for preservation planning and education efforts

www.nationaltrust.org/help/grants.html

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Various Active Living programs to support community recreation and physical activity

www.rwjf.org

SC Conservation Bank State Supports outright purchase of a property or the acquisition of an easement to protect a property for conservation or historic preservation purposes

http://sccbank.sc.gov

SC Department of Archives & History

State Historic Preservation Grant program for survey and planning and stabilization efforts

www.state.sc.us/scdah/fedbro.htm

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SOURCE TYPE PROGRAM/AREAS OF INTEREST CONTACT INFORMATION

SC Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism

State Tourism Partnership Fund (TPF) grants provide financial assistance to qualified partners for tourism marketing initiatives that attract visitors to and encourage visitor spending in South Carolina

www.scprt.com/our-partners/grants/tmpp.aspx

SCPRT State Parks and Recreation Development (PARD) Grants are for local government or special purposes district entities within each county which provide recreational opportunities

www.scprt.com/our-partners/grants/pard.aspx

SCPRT Federal Recreational Trails Program (RTP) Grants are used to build or improve trails across South Carolina for both motorized and non-motorized recreational trail use

www.scprt.com/our-partners/grants/trails.aspx

SCPRT

Federal Heritage Corridor Development Grants assist in developing, implementing, and maintaining a successful heritage tourism attraction or program that benefits residents and attracts visitors to the area

www.scprt.com/our-partners/grants/heritagegrant.aspx

SCPRT

State Recreation Land Trust (RELT) Fund supports acquisition of property for public recreation

www.scprt.com/our-partners/grants/relt.aspx

SCPRT Federal Land & Water Conservation Fund (LCWF) Grants support acquisition and development of outdoor recreation areas for public use

www.scprt.com/our-partners/grants/lwcf.aspx

SCPRT State Product Development Grant provides funding for the construction of specific projects that are well planned and meet the tourism development goals

www.scprt.com/our-partners/grants/pdgp.aspx

SC Department of Transportation

Federal Transportation Enhancement Grants enhance the transportation experience and include acquisition of scenic or historic sites; historic preservation; rehabilitation and operation of historic transportation properties; archaeological research/planning; scenic or historic highway programs; establishment of transportation museums; landscaping and streetscape improvements

www.dot.state.sc.us/community/tep.html

SC Forestry Commission State Community Forestry Grants support inventories, training and continuing education, ordinance development, planting and other related activities to improve public tree planting, protection and maintenance

www.state.sc.us/forest/urban

US Fish and Wildlife Service

Federal US Standard Grants Program is a competitive, matching grants program that supports public-private partnerships in acquisition, establishment, enhancement and restoration of wetlands and wetland-associated uplands

www.fws.gov/birdhabitat/Grants/NAWCA/Standard/US/index.shtm

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SOURCE TYPE PROGRAM/AREAS OF INTEREST CONTACT INFORMATION

USFWS Federal Private Stewardship Grants provide assistance on a competitive basis to private individuals and groups engaged in private, voluntary conservation efforts that benefit species listed or proposed as endangered or threatened

www.fws.gov/endangered/grants/private_stewardship/index.html

US Golf Association Association Introduces the game of golf to disadvantaged students www.usga.org/aboutus/foundation/grants/grants.html

US Soccer Foundation Foundation Enhance and grow the sport of soccer through field improvements, program development, and building new fields

www.ussoccerfoundation.org/

Waccamaw Community Foundation

Foundation Multiple project areas in Horry and Georgetown Counties www.waccamawcf.org

Wild Birds Unlimited/ National Fish and Wildlife Foundation

Corporate and Federal

Pathways to Nature Conservation Fund supports projects such as boardwalks, viewing platforms and blinds, education, interactive exhibits located within the National Wildlife Refuge System

www.pathwaystonature.com

Wildlife Forever Foundation Challenge Grants target habitat restoration and acquisition, research and management, and educational projects

www.wildlifeforever.org/grants/overview.aspx

1772 Foundation Foundation Preservation and enhancement of American historical entities, with particular interest in farming, industrial development, transportation and unusual historical buildings

www.1772foundation.org

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APPENDIX D. Summary of Federal Legislation Requiring Outdoor Recreation Planning Coordination

LEGISLATION PURPOSE

Federal Outdoor Recreation Coordination Act (PL 88-29)

Provides for coordination of Federal activities related to outdoor recreation, and for developing a nationwide outdoor recreation plan. The Act authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to formulate and maintain a comprehensive nationwide outdoor recreation plan, taking into consideration the plans of the various Federal agencies, states, and their political subdivisions.

Federal Water Project Recreation Act (PL 89-72)

Provides uniform policies with respect to recreation, fish and wildlife benefits, and costs of Federal multi-purpose water resource projects. The Act requires the Secretary of the Interior to report on the extent to which proposed recreation and fish and wildlife development conforms to and is in accord with the Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan.

Water Resources Planning Act (PL 89-80)

Provides financial assistance to the states in order to increase state participation in coordinated planning of water and related land resources. The Act requires full coordination between comprehensive water resources planning and the SCORP for approval by the Water Resources Council.

National Historic Preservation Act (PL 89-665)

Establishes a program for the preservation of historic properties. The Act provides that no grant may be made under its provisions unless the application is in accordance with the statewide historic preservation plan which has been approved by the Secretary of the Interior after considering its relationship to the State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan.

Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (PL 90-542)

Implements the policy of preserving selected rivers or sections thereof in their free-flowing condition. The Act requires the Secretary of the Interior to encourage states to consider the needs and opportunities for establishing state and local wild, scenic and recreational river areas when developing their State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan.

National Trails System Act (PL 90-543)

Institutes a national system of recreation and scenic trails. It prescribes the methods and standards by which components may be added to the system. The Act directs the Secretary of the Interior to encourage states to consider need and opportunities for establishing park, forest and other recreation trails on lands owned or administered by states and recreation trails on lands in or near urban areas in their State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plans.

Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act

(PL 75-210)

Authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to furnish financial assistance in carrying out plans for works of improvement for land conservation and utilization. It requires that such public works which provide for water-based fish and wildlife or recreational development shall be consistent with State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plans.

Emergency Wetlands Act of 1986 (PL 99-645)

Requires that the SCORP contains a wetlands priority component consistent with Section 303 of the Act, including consideration of wetlands protection needs and problems consistent with the National Wetlands Priority Conservation Plan and a listing of wetland types, if any, which should receive priority for acquisition. Evidence of coordination and consultation with the state agency primarily responsible for wetlands planning is also required.

(Source: L&WCF Grants Manual, Chapter 630.1, Attachment A.)

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APPENDIX E. SUMMARY OF PUBLIC WORKSHOPS AND COMMENTS

A series of public workshops were held throughout the State in October and November of 2007 to include the Pee Dee, Lower Savannah, Lowcountry, Upstate and Midlands regions. Workshops were held in rural and urban locations with afternoon and evening meeting times to encourage greater participation and access among diverse populations. Participants received an orientation to the SCORP purpose and planning process, an overview of State recreational preference survey results, and a summary of recreation trends. Participants were invited to share their priority issues and concerns relative to outdoor recreation in the State and then to rank these identified issues in order of priority. Residents and stakeholders who were unable to attend one of these five regional workshops were encouraged to submit their concerns and issues electronically via e-mail or regular mail. The priority issues identified and ranked at each regional workshop are listed, along with comments that were received by SCPRT through e-mail and mail. A draft of the 2008 SCORP was posted for public review on the SCPRT website from February 26, 2008 until March 26, 2008. A summary of the issues provided during the comment period are provided in this Appendix.

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PEE DEE REGIONAL WORKSHOP OCTOBER 29, 2007 7:00 PM

The workshop was held in the Library of the Town of Lamar in Darlington County.

Prioritized Issues � Increased funding for local recreation projects that serve rural communities. Incentives for

leveraging resources with State and local funds accompanied by funding criteria that help level the playing field for rural communities (29 points).

� Development of smaller, community-based facilities, especially for rural communities, to

provide easier access. Regional “super-centers” are nice, but not as accessible to rural residents who would like local playgrounds and ball fields (17 points).

� Development of more horse trails and facilities statewide to include camping facilities that

accommodate campers/rigs and have water, bathhouse access (12 points). � Strengthen education and awareness effort for local recreational leagues to enhance

sustainability and continuity. Rural community programs are heavily volunteer-based and are frequently challenged with building programs and reliable access to facilities on a year-to-year basis (7 points).

� Greater respect for recreation and awareness of the benefits of community-based recreation

among residents, local officials, and legislators (6 points). � Accessibility for special needs populations – i.e., aging, disabilities – to accommodate the

increased need for walkers, wheelchairs and other mobility issues (4 points). � Maintain hunting access and do not reduce hunting areas (3 points). � Address comprehensive recreational needs of smaller communities through planning,

coordination and funding (0 points). � Increase availability of bicycle trails and linkage to rural communities (0 points).

LOWCOUNTRY REGIONAL WORKSHOP OCTOBER 30, 2007 3:00 PM

The workshop was held at Wannamaker County Park in North Charleston in Charleston County.

� Need to balance recreational activity popularity with environmental impacts and use conflicts

that arise over concerns such as safety and noise (8 points). � Do not cut funding for recreation programs (5 points).

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� Need dog parks to accommodate trails, shows, agility courses, and other dog/owner activities

(3 points). � Greater connectivity among trails. New trails should be developed with connectivity in mind

and incentives should be tied in part to trail connectivity (3 points). � Encourage outdoor recreation to reduce obesity (3 points). � Plan for aging population and changing user recreational needs to include access and

surfacing for trails (3 points). � Need for coordinated local recreation planning at the city and county levels (2 points). � Explore privatization of some recreational activities and facilities such as motorized

recreation (2 points). � Acquisition of new lands for future recreational use with a focus on former timber and paper

company lands and rail lines (1 point). � Encourage green development practices by private developers through financial and

regulatory incentives (0 points). � Greater access to aquatic facilities. Existing facilities are often overcrowded or are

inaccessible at popular times due to swimming leagues (0 points). � Trail heads should be upgraded to include safe parking facilities, call boxes, and markers and

signage (0 points). � Need additional public boat landings (0 points). � Need more canoe/kayak access and trails (0 points). � Encourage the protection of unique natural features, particularly through the use of

conservation districts (0 points).

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LOWER SAVANNAH REGIONAL WORKSHOP NOVEMBER 5, 2007 7:00 PM

The workshop was held at Barnwell State Park near the Town of Blackville in Barnwell County.

� Greater minority awareness of recreational opportunities, especially State facilities and parks.

Outreach efforts, including K-12 involvement, may help to address underutilization by minority populations (6 points).

� The Broad River should be preserved for flat water uses such as rowing and other smaller and non-motorized boats. The section from Parr Reservoir to the Columbia Canal is particularly suited for this type of activity (5 points).

� Swimming instruction for youth and adults to reduce apprehension about water activities and increase safety (2 points).

� More attention to accessibility to recreational resources, particularly with growing number of aging residents and individuals with disabilities (1 point).

� Need development of rowing facilities statewide to take advantage of the year-round favorable climate and the potential to attract tourists and teams to State events and training facilities. There is untapped potential for growth in youth participation. Adequate rowing facilities would include a boat house, low dock, flat water, and restricted motorized boating. (1 point).

� Boating safety is a growing need with increased crowding on water resources and a lack of training among users (0 points).

� Availability of walking and biking trails and connectivity between trails and to housing, schools, shopping and employment areas (0 points).

� The State should build upon its diverse resource base to enhance existing facilities and expand to new areas (0 points).

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UPSTATE REGIONAL WORKSHOP NOVEMBER 6, 2007 3:00 PM

The workshop was held at the Conference Center of the Appalachian Regional Council of

Governments in the City of Greenville in Greenville County.

� Need more equine trails and more mileage on existing trails, with enhanced trailhead

development in the form of parking and signage. Camping facilities also need upgrades to include more room, bath house, and water. A new statewide trails guide in print or electronic format would be helpful to in-state residents and visitors. Greater organization of trail crews could leverage area saddle clubs with State supervision to maintain and improve trails (26 points).

� Participants also noted that T. Ed Garrison facility is underused by saddle clubs � Lee State Park has a nice trail but too short – would be a great site if trail could be

lengthened � Georgia has several good models for equine recreation facilities � Potential partnership with Parsons Mountain and Hamilton Branch � Twin Lakes should allow horses in off-season as Croft does � McCalla should reopen for equestrian use

� Concern over funding levels. Maintaining current funding levels is actually a decrease given increased demand by more users and increased maintenance, construction and operational costs (14 points).

� Connectivity of trails and bikeways needs to be multi-county in scope and tied in with

greenways planning, as well as transportation and economic development planning. Incentives should also be available to encourage this approach (11 points).

� Need water at the Brickhouse in the Sumter National Forest. Lack of water severely limits

use by equestrians and hikers. There is also a need to delineate equestrian and hunter uses of the Forest during hunting season (11 points).

� Public/private partnership should be explored and encouraged for new recreational facilities

to include matching resources for grants and sponsorships by companies with recreational products and consumers. Such partnerships may be appropriate for equestrian facilities and other specialized activities with a distinct user base (8 points).

� Need to expand and ensure recreational opportunities for special needs populations to include

playground and other facilities to meet the needs of disabled persons of all ages (6 points). � Need more pocket parks to reduce load on major facilities and provide recreational access

closer to home and access to those with lower incomes and limited transportation options (5 points).

� Expand eco-tourism efforts to include K-12 linkages in the form of outdoor education,

curriculum design and career awareness (5 points).

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� Need a single-point-of-contact such as a State Trails Coordinator to ensure trail design and construction is carried out in compliance with State and Federal standards and to coordinate connectivity (4 points).

� Explore additional recreational access to Heritage Trust Lands (4 points). � Need a comprehensive list of resources statewide by region and type of use for use by State

residents and visitors. Greenville County has developed a successful countywide guide available on-line (1 point).

� Trail development and planning should be coordinated with land use patterns in mind,

including new residential development (1 point). � Greater awareness among local governments of the requirements for and challenges of using

volunteers in recreation (0 points).

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MIDLANDS REGIONAL WORKSHOP NOVEMBER 15, 2007 7:00 PM

The workshop was held at the Central Midlands Council of Governments in the City of Columbia

in Richland County.

� More land set-aside for green space to address the future need to accommodate population

increases. Acquisition and advance planning needs to start now. Local governments should play an expanded role in this effort (15 points).

� Need longer horse trails and increased connectivity between trails, as well as improved

equestrian access for persons with disabilities. Also need upgraded and expanded camping facilities to allow for larger rigs (11 points).

� Need upgrades at put-in/take-out points for paddlers to include trash collection. Also need

additional access points throughout the State. Explore the use of the motorized watercraft tax proceeds for use in non-motorized watercraft access needs (7 points).

� Develop regional facilities and sites for greater impact and employ regional planning to

accommodate diversity of recreational uses and access within a region. Encourage interagency coordination to achieve this (6 points).

� More protected access to land and water resources from the mountains to the beachfront (6

points). � Need for more community-based recreational facilities to include ball fields, etc. (5 points). � Need more funding for smaller, rural communities to support construction and maintenance

of basic recreational facilities. These communities need access to additional funding sources (3 points).

� Greater awareness and involvement by the public in shoreline protection and planning for

Federally-regulated water bodies such as Lake Murray. Efforts should be made to dedicate more of the waterfront lands to public recreational use (3 points).

� Continued planning for the young sector of the population with the goals of increasing

recreational activity, addressing generational conflicts, and providing balanced recreational opportunities (2 points).

� Greater education and awareness among recreational user groups to avoid undue conflict and

increase safety – such as equestrians and hunters (2 points). � Encourage connectivity of public lands and green space (2 points). � Increase State and county emphasis on rail to trail conversion and acquisition. Encourage

partnerships and address barriers (2 points).

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� Provide more secluded campsites for all users and balance primitive sites with sites that have more amenities (1 point).

� Greater State involvement in battlefield preservation (0 points). � Facilities to accommodate “new” and emerging sports in the area such as lacrosse, rowing,

etc. (0 points).

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SUMMARY OF COMMENTS SUBMITTED VIA MAIL AND E-MAIL OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER 2007

The following issues and needs were submitted via mail and e-mail to SCPRT during the public

comment period. These are listed in the order received with no prioritization.

� Encourage collaboration with public schools on outdoor/environmental education teaching

and learning at park and school sites. Work with K-12 educators to create site activities and lesson plans that make connections to natural and social systems and integrate the core subjects of math, science, social studies, and English/Language Arts. Provide professional development for teachers on how to teach in the outdoors along with class management techniques in outdoor settings.

� State assistance for local and state parks should be recurring. Maintenance is a growing issue at many state parks where facilities are deteriorating. The State Legislature must commit at a higher level of support for maintenance and equipment.

� An aggressive and comprehensive conservation plan that includes a timeline with acreage goals is needed to preserve additional natural resources.

� South Carolina needs a comprehensive network of paths and routes for walking and cycling. Planners should require pathways in the design of new developments and find ways to retrofit them in existing cities.

� Recreational and competitive disc golf facilities can attract players from across the State, providing an economic benefit to local businesses. One possible site is the Pickett-Thomas Site/Goodale State Park in Camden.

� Equestrians in South Carolina desire more in-state facilities and trails. Many equestrians travel out-of-state to access facilities in neighboring Georgia, North Carolina and Tennessee.

� Include equestrian trails in the statewide trail system and include equestrian access for state parks. Design trails to link parks and complete the SC/NC trail connecting Kings Mountain State Park and Crowder’s Mountain Park. Add equestrian trails to the proposed Thread Trail. Also consider Andrew Jackson State Park for equestrian trails.

� Support a comprehensive statewide network of public trails for equestrian, hiking, biking and other non-motorized uses. A standard of one mile of trail per 500 persons was suggested.

� Park land initiative should be launched to acquire park land throughout the State and provide local funding to support a minimum acreage goal based on projected growth in each county. Park land should be defined as land for public use and should not include private clubs, homeowner association lands, SCDNR lands or wilderness areas which are not open for non-motorized uses. Only protected open space should be counted in inventories.

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� Additional river and water trails are needed, along with more access points for canoeing and kayaking. These resources should be publicized.

� Identify Revolutionary War Trails for protection and provide appropriate signage.

� Fund sharing should be encouraged by the State with consideration to development grants for small businesses to offer public recreation.

� Encourage scheduled releases from certain dams such as Lake Murray to encourage whitewater paddling and to promote tourism.

� Provide more rock climbing access points.

� Encourage greater public and user group participation in the recreation planning process through a comprehensive notification process, additional meetings, news releases, and public service ads.

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SUMMARY OF COMMENTS SUBMITTED VIA MAIL AND E-MAIL 2008 DRAFT SCORP REVIEW PERIOD FROM 2/26/08 TO 3/26/2008

The following issues and needs were submitted via mail and e-mail to SCPRT during the

thirty-day 2008 SCORP review period. These comments are summarized and listed in

the order received with no prioritization.

� Create longer bicycle route opportunities in the State. Cyclists seek longer trail opportunities

offering multi-day rides with an origin and destination of interest. Such routes can attract tourists looking for an outdoor adventure in South Carolina. Examples include the Katy Trail (Missouri), the Continental Divide Trail, the New River Trail, and the combined Allegheny Mountain Trail and C&O Trails that allow cyclists to ride from Pittsburgh to Washington, DC. The Palmetto Trail offers such an opportunity, but cross-state use is restricted by the interposition of several segments that do not permit mountain bike traffic.

� Maximize the use of available abandoned rail lines for trails in South Carolina. Use of rail

lines may generate additional, environmentally-friendly commuting possibilities. � Explore the development of disc golf opportunities statewide that offer a low cost, low

impact activity that can be enjoyed by a diverse population in terms of age, gender and income level. The activity requires little to no cost for participants and can meet a recreational niche for youth in particular. Disc golf facilities and courses can attract leagues and tournaments to the State. Goodale State Park in Kershaw County offers potential for an accessible, centrally-located disc golf course development.

� Encourage the development of greenways in communities of all sizes throughout the State as a tool to protect open space and create recreational opportunities such as walking and biking and access to rivers and other waterways.

� Use greenways as an opportunity to provide non-vehicular connections between existing

recreational resources, residential areas, and commercial and cultural facilities, which helps to reduce vehicular emission and improve air quality.

� Promote the incorporation of greenways in neighborhood and community revitalization,

providing non-vehicular connections to commercial areas and public markets as well as natural, historic and cultural resources.

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APPENDIX F. 2002 SCORP ACCOMPLISHMENTS

There have been notable accomplishments in addressing the eleven priority outdoor recreation issues identified in the 2002 SCORP over the last five years. These activities are summarized under each issue and show significant gains in the areas of land protection and acquisition, expansion of trails, partnership development, and the implementation of existing plans. Although listed only once, many of these accomplishments impacted and advanced multiple priority issues.

Issue 1: Protect significant lands for natural and cultural resources allowing public

recreational use.

� Since its inception in 2004, the SC Conservation Bank provided grant funding in excess of

$70.7 million for the conservation of more than 134,000 acres of land, including more than 124,000 acres of forests and wetlands.

� SCPRT successfully applied for Conservation Bank funding to protect a recreational trail corridor in the Mountain Bridge.

� SCDNR worked with the Katawba Valley Land Trust (KVLT), SCPRT and the SC Forestry Commission to acquire the 1,049-acre Landsford Forest Legacy Tract, which enabled the provision of new recreational public lands around Landsford Canal State Park.

� SCPRT, SCDNR, and other organizations actively participated on the Duke Energy Catawba-Wateree hydro re-licensing stakeholder team to protect natural and historic resources in the Great Falls area and areas along the Catawba River Corridor. The Great Falls Nature Based Tourism Implementation Team worked toward the protection of lands around Great Falls, implementing trail projects, historic building acquisition, and other projects. SCDNR, KVLT, SCPRT, and others cooperated with Duke Energy and Crescent Resources to acquire the 1,540-acre Heritage Tract near the Town of Great Falls; the 1,878-acre McDowell Creek property; an additional 203 acres at Great Falls; and 161 acres of conservation easements along Fishing Creek and Camp Creek. An agreement was also reached that will establish a new 983-acre state park on the islands at Great Falls, 800 acres of Lake Wateree recreation lands, and a number of river and lake access areas.

� KVLT, SCDNR, SCPRT, the Catawba Regional Council of Governments, the SC Department of Commerce, and many other organizations worked with the Great Falls Nature Based Tourism Implementation Team to protect lands around Great Falls, the implementation of trail projects, acquisition of historic building, and other related projects.

� SCPRT redeveloped the Charles Towne Landing State Historic Site to significantly enhance the interpretation of cultural resources.

� Blackstock Battlefield, a significant 107-acre Revolutionary War battlefield site, was acquired by SCPRT. Additional facilities were added to the Musgrove Mill State Historic Site to interpret the importance of the Revolutionary War site and were opened to the public.

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� SCDNR continued to work with partners through the Heritage Trust and Focus Area programs to protect significant habitat along river corridors and throughout the State.

� Since 2002, 2,839 additional acres have been purchased and dedicated as Heritage Preserves by SCDNR. In addition, 47,509 acres of undedicated land were purchased through the Heritage Land Trust Fund as part of the DNR habitat protection efforts.

� SCDNR and SCPRT, through funding provided by the SC Conservation Bank and other public and private partners, protected the 440-acre Stumphouse Mountain property, including the Stumphouse Tunnel and Isaqueena Falls.

� SCDNR designated two new State Scenic Rivers – the Great Pee Dee from Highway 378 to Winyah Bay in 2002 and the Little Pee Dee in Dillon County in 2005. In addition, two rivers are currently being evaluated for scenic river designation in 2008 – the Lower Lynches River from the Lynches River County Park to the Great Pee Dee River and the Catawba River from the Lake Wylie Dam to Highway 9.

� In November 2003, the Congaree Swamp National Monument was designated as Congaree National Park, becoming the first National Park in South Carolina. As part of the designation, the Park was expanded by more than 4,500 acres to include lands at the confluence of the Congaree and Wateree Rivers.

� Congaree National Park and other NPS units in South Carolina continued to seek operational and lands acquisition funding increases to provide expanded opportunities for resource protection and visitor experiences.

� The National Park Service continued protection and interpretation of cultural and historic resources on their sites throughout the State.

� Congaree National Park acquired more than 2,394 additional acres at the confluence of the Congaree and Wateree Rivers in 2006.

� In 2006, SC Governor Mark Sanford designated the portion of Cedar Creek that flows through Congaree National Park as South Carolina’s only Outstanding National Resource

Waters.

� Congaree National Park, in partnership with a number of other historic sites in Lower Richland County and as a part of the Lower Richland Heritage Corridor, promoted heritage-based tourism through special events and marketing in Lower Richland County.

� Since 2002, the Beaufort County Rural and Critical Land Preservation Program preserved nearly 10,134 acres of land.

� Since its inception in June 2006, the Charleston County Greenbelt Bank has provided $12 million in funding for the preservation of 19 projects totaling more than 4,113 acres.

� The Richland County Conservation Commission awarded grants for 15 projects, including the protection of 3 tracts totaling 109 acres located in the northwestern and northeastern areas of the County. The Commission also began development of a trails plan that will

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connect parks and green space, in partnership with local governments, neighborhood groups and other non-profit organizations.

� York County Forever preserved more than 6,208 acres of land since 2002.

� In December of 2007, the Central Midlands COG Board approved a concept document entitled Keeping it Green in the Midlands that outlines a vision for assembling a network of open spaces within the region. The resulting document has been disseminated to elected officials, planners, environmental groups and other interested parties within the region, to encourage Fairfield, Lexington, Newberry and Richland Counties to integrate open space preservation into their local planning efforts.

� The ACE Basin Task Force continued to seek protection of approximately 350,000 acres of wetlands and uplands in the lower drainage region of the Ashepoo, Combahee, and Edisto Rivers. To date, more than 150,000 acres have been protected through purchase, donation, and conservation easements. SCPRT also worked with SCDNR and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to establish an education center at Edisto Beach State Park.

� According to the Land Trust Alliance’s 2005 National Land Trust Census Report, more than 176,460 acres of land were protected by private local and state land trusts in South Carolina during 2005, resulting in a ranking of 17th nationwide in terms of protected acreage.

� Private groups such as local and regional land trusts, the SC Wildlife Federation, the Coastal Conservation League, Ducks Unlimited, Trout Unlimited, Quail Unlimited, National Wild Turkey Federation, and the SC Waterfowl Association worked together and with public agencies and landowners to conserve natural resources and improve habitat in the State.

Issue 2: Manage and expand trail resources for walking, jogging/running, bicycling, off-

road vehicle riding, skating, hiking, horse riding, and canoeing/kayaking.

Land Trails

� SCPRT, along with the Palmetto Conservation Foundation (PCF), began plans to construct a portion of the Palmetto Trail through the Croft State Natural Area.

� SCPRT partnered with the Palmetto Conservation Foundation to build the Table Rock Passage of the Palmetto Trail, a 12.5 mile section that connects Table Rock State Park, Wesleyan Camp and the Jocassee Gorges.

� SCPRT partnered with the Palmetto Conservation Foundation and the US Forest Service to successfully complete a 3.2 mile section of the Palmetto Trail for mountain biking and hiking that connects the Oconee Station Falls to Oconee State Park, passing through the Sumter National Forest.

� SCPRT upgraded trails in the Mountain Bridge Wilderness Area, including the construction of a viewing platform and a much needed foot bridge in Jones Gap.

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� SCPRT successfully obtained RTP funds to build a trail connecting Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park to Crowders Mountain State Park in North Carolina. The project is currently underway.

� SCPRT assumed management responsibilities for recreational resources at the 7,000-acre H. Cooper Black Field Trial and Recreation Area in Chesterfield County, including 20 miles of equestrian trails, stalls and camping as well as recreational field trial services.

� SCPRT continued to make more trails accessible to physically challenged trail users through surface improvements of trails at Hunting Island State Park (Salt Marsh Boardwalk), Edisto Beach State Park (Spanish Mount and Maritime Forest Trails) and at Landsford Canal State Park (trail and viewing platform for Rocky Shoals Spider Lilies).

� SCPRT constructed a new accessible boardwalk at Lee State Natural Area that ties in with the environmental education center and significantly enhances Discover Carolina school programming efforts provided at the Park.

� In 2007, the Palmetto Conservation Foundation developed and hosted a series of trail construction and management workshops to provide training for trail enthusiasts in South Carolina.

� SCPRT and other groups continued heritage tourism efforts to preserve and promote the State’s cultural and historical treasures, including the development of the South Carolina Heritage Corridor, the Cradle of Democracy, Carolinas Backcountry (Revolutionary War), the Tobacco Trail, and the Cotton Trail.

� The preservation of Revolutionary War battlefields continued to be a high priority for the Palmetto Conservation Foundation. PCF transferred more than 107 acres at the site of the Battle of Blackstocks and 39 acres at Musgrove Mill to SCPRT in 2005. In 2007, PCF conveyed 33 acres adjacent to the Star Fort in Ninety Six to the National Park Service. PCF also acquired significant acreage at the core of the Camden Battlefield – 316 acres in 2002 and an additional 161 acres in 2007, which includes more than 3 miles of public hiking trails.

� The Palmetto Conservation Foundation partnered with Federal and State agencies, local governments, private foundations, corporations and private landowners to extend the Palmetto Trail to 275 miles by December 2007. In addition to sections already noted in this Appendix, the following sections were added:

� 6.6 mile Poinsett Reservoir Passage connecting to the Blue Wall Passage; � 5 mile Hub City Connector, including access to the SC School for the Deaf and

Blind, Liberty Trail, Mary Black Rail Trail, and the Chinquapin Greenway; � 2 mile Blackstock Passage; � 24 mile Enoree passage connecting to the 14 mile Sumter passage to create a 36

mile trail through the Sumter National Forest; � 7.3 mile Wateree Passage, connecting to the High Hills of Santee Passage at

Poinsett State Park and completing a 162 mile stretch of the Palmetto Trail from the Wateree River to the Intracoastal Waterway; and

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� 7.2 mile Awendaw Passage, connecting Swamp Fox Passage with the Intracoastal Waterway and the eastern terminus of the Palmetto Trail.

� Preliminary discussions began on the development of the Savannah River Valley Trail, which included the participation of the Palmetto Conservation Foundation.

� Through hydro re-licensing processes and project reviews, SCDNR, SCPRT, and other stakeholders continued to encourage utility companies to conserve open spaces on lakes and rivers associated with hydropower projects.

� Congaree National Park continued to maintain its 2.4 mile, ADA-accessible boardwalk loop for Park visitors.

� Congaree National Park continued to expand its foot trail system by maintaining existing trails and adding length to trails.

� Numerous local and regional recreation organizations such as the City of Rock Hill, the Greenville County Recreation Commission, the Irmo-Chapin Recreation Commission (Saluda Shoals Park) and the River Alliance constructed and expanded trails and trail systems, while other local jurisdictions such as Richland County began development of area-wide trail plans.

� The Palmetto Conservation Foundation worked with agencies, local governments, private foundations, corporations and private landowners to advocate for better walking, skating and bicycling infrastructure statewide, both as part of the extension and completion of the Palmetto Trail and through other unrelated projects such as greenway and trail plans.

Water Trails

� The Catawba River Implementation Committee worked to pursue additional River access points. Projects completed include the paddle-craft landing at River Park in Rock Hill and improvements to the Fort Mill Landing on the Catawba River. Catawba-Wateree re-licensing participants reached agreements that will add new paddling access points at the Catawba Reservation and Landsford Canal State Park, as well as new whitewater opportunities at Great Falls.

� Friends of the Edisto, in partnership with the Palmetto Conservation Foundation, established the North Fork Blueway on the North Fork Edisto River.

� The Berkeley Conservation District and other partners developed Berkeley County Blueways, a system of 23 water trails totaling more than 175 miles. The project includes the development of maps, a website, establishment of new access points, and improvements to existing access points.

� SCDNR continued development of a canoe trail at Congaree Creek Heritage Preserve with access sites established at 12th Street and Old State Road and another access planned for the Highway 321 crossing.

� SCDNR and the Lynches Scenic River Advisory Council received an RTP grant to develop a river trail guide from Lee State Park to Lynches River County Park.

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� SCDNR designated two new South Carolina Scenic Rivers – the Great Pee Dee from Highway 378 to Winyah Bay in 2002 and the Little Pee Dee in Dillon County in 2005. In addition, two rivers are currently being evaluated for scenic river designation in 2008 – the Lower Lynches River from the Lynches River County Park to the Great Pee Dee River and the Catawba River from the Lake Wylie Dam to Highway 9.

� American Rivers, Congaree National Park, SCDNR, the River Alliance, Friends of the Congaree, and other partners began development of the Congaree River Blue Trail from Gervais Street in Columbia to US Highway 601 and are seeking to develop an information map and guide. The trail has been nominated for designation as a National Recreation Trail.

� The National Park Service developed a project proposal for improvements to the parking and access to the Cedar Creek Wilderness Canoe Trail at Congaree National Park.

� Congaree National Park quadrupled its free, guided canoe trail offerings for the visiting public and increased the availability of the trips to twice a week.

All Trails

� SCPRT continued to expand its trails education effort statewide through inventory and promotion of public trails on its web site at www.SCTRAILS.net.

� SCPRT continued management of the Recreational Trails Program (provided through the Federal Highways Administration), with 422 letters of intent received for projects totaling $38.4 million between 2003 and 2007. Of these, 48 projects were funded at a total of $3.9 million.

� Congaree National Park began development of training on the use of traditional tools for trail maintenance in federally-designated wilderness areas, with a goal of meeting the wilderness management objective of maintaining trails without the use of motorized tools.

� SCPRT, USDA Forest Service, SC Forestry Commission, and the US Army Corps of Engineers cooperated on neighboring properties to share facilities and trail resources, resulting in longer trails with improved user services. Many non-profit groups have partnered with public agencies to expand and maintain trails in the State. The SCPRT State Trails Coordinator worked closely with other agencies and volunteer groups to provide additional trail opportunities in the State.

Issue 3: Maintain and improve existing parks and recreational facilities.

� SCPRT has maintained and in some instances improved 139 trails in its state park system, totaling more than 350 miles in length. Of these, trails in 6 state parks share resources and extend recreational opportunities beyond state park boundaries by connecting with the Palmetto Trail at Poinsett, Oconee, Oconee Station, Blackstock Battlefield and Table Rock State Parks; with the Foothills Trail at Oconee, Table Rock and Caesars Head State Parks; and with Stevens Creek Trail at Hamilton Branch. Other connector trails are being planned or are under development.

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� SCPRT continued to make more trails accessible to physically-challenged trail users through surface improvements of trails at Hunting Island State Park (Salt Marsh Boardwalk), Edisto Beach State Park (Spanish Mount and Maritime Forest Trails) and at Landsford Canal State Park (trail and viewing platform for Rocky Shoals Spider Lilies).

� SCPRT continued to utilize volunteers and “Friends” groups at a number of state parks. The volunteers provided trail monitoring and maintenance at many parks, hosted tours at historic sites, raised funds for special projects, and served as campground hosts. Scout groups and individuals also completed a number of special projects, litter pick-ups, and other small maintenance projects throughout the Park Service.

� Congaree National Park continued to utilize volunteers and volunteer groups for trail maintenance and construction; to maintain trail facilities to established standards; and to update trail ramps to provide for easier wheelchair access.

� The National Park Service and Congaree National Park developed policies for the use of Segway personal transporters for access to the boardwalk by physically-challenged trail users.

� The US Army Corps of Engineers made significant improvements to a number of its facilities, including:

� the construction of picnic shelters, a playground and sidewalks at the Lake Murray Dam Recreation Area;

� construction of picnic shelters, a gatehouse, restrooms and sidewalks at the Clarks Hill Park Recreation Area;

� addition of restrooms, new courtesy docks and lighting at the Scotts Ferry and Dordon Creek Ramps;

� installation of lighting at the Modoc and Calhoun Falls Ramps; � campsites renovated or constructed and lighting installed at the Modoc, Hawe Creek

and Mount Carmel Campgrounds; � restrooms installed at Leroy’s Ferry Campground; and � a playground installed at the Modoc Campground.

� The Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge maintained and improved existing recreational facilities, including renovation of the 40-acre lake and road and trail improvements.

� Local and regional recreation organizations statewide continued to provide maintenance for existing recreation facilities and made improvements to many existing recreation facilities.

Issue 4: Increase funding for a variety of parks and recreational facilities.

� The SC Conservation Bank Act was adopted in 2002, establishing a conservation land bank program using proceeds from the State portion of deed recording fees. The program was funded in 2004 and allowed purchase of land/easements to conserve priority areas. The Conservation Bank provided more than $70.7 million in grant funding for the conservation of more than 134,000 acres of land between 2004 and 2007.

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� The South Carolina State Park Service applied for and was successfully awarded funding from the RTP and LWCF grant programs for trails and outdoor recreational facility development at Edisto Beach State Park, Hunting Island State Park, Landsford Canal, Table Rock State Park, Mountain Bridge Wilderness Area, Musgrove Mill State Historic Site, Kings Mountain State Park and Woods Bay State Natural Area. This funding will significantly enhance outdoor public recreational opportunities at these sites which are of regional importance.

� SCPRT and other organizations continued to pursue stable, multi-year funding for the Land & Water Conservation Fund (LWCF).

� SCPRT continued to administer the Federal LWCF and RTP programs as well as the state- funded Recreation Land Trust (RELT) and Parks and Recreation Development (PARD) Fund. The Open Project Selection Process (OPSP) for LWCF/ RELT established funding priorities for:

� Significant natural/cultural resources conservation, public beach access; � Trails and greenways, river access, public open space; � Athletic fields and courts, playgrounds, wildlife watching and other passive

opportunities; � Lake access, improvements that increase the usefulness of existing facilities, golf,

campgrounds; and � Support facilities, renovations.

Additional consideration was given to agencies or projects that demonstrated the following:

� Acquisition only, for future recreation use; � Identified in current recreation/natural resources plans; � Significant interagency or public/private cooperation; � Located in areas of low incomes, high percentage of minorities, or high population

growth; � Improves accessibility for persons with disabilities or special needs; � Protects wetlands (with emphasis on those identified as protection targets in the

SCORP); and � Limited site alteration.

LWCF and RELT received 299 letters of intent for a total of $45.2 million between 2003 and 2007. Only 72 applicants received funding, which were matched with $7.6 million for a total project impact of $15.3 million.

� Many organizations encouraged the legislature to continue and increase the PARD funding for local communities. In 2007, an additional non-recurring appropriation was funded by the Legislature.

� Congaree National Park and other NPS units in South Carolina continued to seek increased operational and lands acquisition funding to expand opportunities for resource protection and visitor experiences.

� The Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge established a Refuge Friends group to assist in maintaining and promoting recreational resources at the facility.

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� Funding for recreation facilities and programs in some local jurisdictions was enhanced through a wide range of methods such as partnerships, tax allocations, and one-time capital funding.

� SCPRT maintained an ongoing planning process for updating the State Comprehensive

Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) and performing special supportive studies, such as the Recreation Participation and Preference Study and other special focus surveys. This planning process enables South Carolina to be eligible for grants and provides up-to-date information needed at the local, State and Federal level to apply for other funding assistance.

Issue 5: Acquire public open space for recreational use, including urban parks,

neighborhood parks, and greenways.

� SCPRT worked with other agencies and organizations to acquire or lease public open space

for recreational use at Landsford, Great Falls, Lake Wateree, Blackstock Battlefield, Caesars Head, and Paris Mountain.

� In December 2007, the CMCOG Board approved an outline for assembling a network of open spaces within the region called Keeping it Green in the Midlands. The document was disseminated to elected officials, planners, environmental groups and other stakeholders in the region to encourage open space preservation in the local planning efforts of Fairfield, Lexington, Newberry and Richland Counties.

� A number of local governments such as Charleston, Greenville, and Spartanburg Counties and organizations such as the River Alliance in the Columbia area developed and began implementation of local and regional greenway systems.

� Since 2002, 2,839 additional acres have been purchased and dedicated as Heritage

Preserves by SCDNR. In addition, 47,509 acres of undedicated land were purchased through the Heritage Land Trust Fund as part of the agency’s habitat protection efforts.

� Local governments and organizations acquired additional land for outdoor recreation and made improvements for recreational access. Examples include the Reedy River Falls Park and the Lake Conestee Park in Greenville.

Issue 6: Provide more multi-use athletic complexes and active recreational facilities for

youth.

� SCPRT continued administration of the Federal LWCF and RTP programs as well as the

State RELT and PARD Funds. Athletic fields and courts were established as a funding priority for the LWCF and RELT programs.

� Local and regional recreation organizations such as those in Greenville, Richland and York Counties and the cities of Rock Hill and Greenville expanded and constructed multi-use recreational facilities such as tennis centers, multi-use fields and recreation centers.

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Issue 7: Create partnerships between and among government agencies and the private

sector to build, maintain, and promote recreation resources, and to implement

existing plans.

� SCPRT worked with the SC Forestry Commission (SCFC) and SCDNR to formalize an agreement that turned over management of outdoor recreational components at the H. Cooper Black Field Trial and Recreation Area to SCPRT, including significant and popular equestrian facilities.

� SCPRT, SCDNR and a number of other stakeholders have been active participants on the SCE&G Saluda hydro re-licensing process to ensure that public open space is conserved and available on Lake Murray and the Lower Saluda River for public use.

� SCPRT, SCDNR, and many other agencies, local governments and organizations actively participated on the Duke Energy Catawba-Wateree hydro re-licensing stakeholder teams to protect natural, cultural, and recreational resources in the Great Falls area and areas along the Catawba-Wateree River Corridor. The partnership successfully negotiated the terms of the Catawba Hydroelectric Re-licensing Agreement.

� SCPRT, the PCF, and other organizations were active participants in the Cradle of

Democracy project aimed at protecting and promoting Revolutionary War heritage in South Carolina. Through this effort, SCPRT acquired the Blackstock Battlefield in Union County and a new segment of the Palmetto Trail was added on the property.

� SCPRT coordinated the State Recreation Resources Forum in 2005, with attendance that included 35 individuals from 12 different agencies.

� SCDOT, SCPRT, and local/regional governments and tourism groups continued to work together to improve the scenic nature of designated scenic highways.

� SCDNR, Charleston County and other partners began the process of creating a protected lands buffer around Dungannon Heritage Preserve and the Caw Caw Interpretive Center. SCDNR continued to manage the Dungannon Heritage Preserve.

� The Katawba Valley Land Trust, Crescent Resources, SCDNR, SCPRT, and the SC Forestry Commission partnered to protect 1,049 acres of significant lands along the Catawba River near Landsford Canal.

� In 2007, SCPRT, SCFC, SCDNR, and other partners planned and conducted a South

Carolina Trails Conference, which focused on both land and water trails.

� Congaree National Park began development of a curriculum-based education program focusing on park resource management.

� Congaree National Park partnered with volunteer groups to provide trail maintenance and construction.

� Recognizing the need to promote health and wellness, private organizations such as the Greenville Hospital System committed funding to local recreation organizations and agencies to enhance active living through outdoor recreation.

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� SCPRT, the USDA Forest Service, the SC Forestry Commission, and the US Army Corps of Engineers cooperated on neighboring properties to share facilities and trail resources, resulting in longer trails with improved user services.

� The US Army Corps of Engineers continued to lease land to and cooperate with State and local governments and private interests for public lake access and other recreational opportunities on Lake Thurmond, Lake Russell, and Lake Hartwell.

� The South Carolina National Heritage Corridor Board of Directors, regional boards, local committees, and SCPRT continued to staff the South Carolina Heritage Partnership and implement the South Carolina Heritage Corridor Plan.

Issue 8: Implement existing plans.

� SCPRT, the PCF, and other groups worked toward the implementation of the 2002 SC State

Trails Plan.

� The Catawba River Implementation Committee supported and carried out elements of the Catawba River Corridor Plan through its participation with the Catawba-Wateree Re-licensing process and through cooperative planning with Catawba Regional Council of Governments, the Katawba Valley and Nation Ford Land Trusts, SCDNR, SCPRT and associated local governments to promote and enhance recreational access along the River corridor. The group also began efforts toward the designation of a section of the River as a South Carolina Scenic River.

� The Great Falls Nature-Based Tourism Implementation Committee continued its efforts to implement its plan through involvement in the Catawba-Wateree re-licensing process, downtown revitalization, historic building acquisition, trail planning, bird counts, and heritage celebrations.

� SCPRT actively and cooperatively worked with the PCF to expand land protection opportunities and enhance recreation along new segments of the Palmetto Trail on SCPRT properties at Table Rock, Oconee, Oconee Station and Blackstock Battlefield.

� The Lower Saluda Scenic River Advisory Council, SCDNR, SCPRT and other groups implemented the goals and recommendations of the Saluda River Corridor Plan and Update. Actions included receipt of a grant for a water quality assessment and education project; development of river-user safety information and a warning system; continuous advocacy for planning and permitting decisions that will protect water quality and riparian habitat; sharing of conservation information with landowners; support for Saluda Shoals Park expansions and funding for the extension of the greenway trail along the River; and participation in the re-licensing process for the Saluda Hydro Project to advance interests in recreational access facilities, safety, and in-stream flows. SCE&G, Trout Unlimited, SCDNR, and SCDHEC also worked to improve the water quality of the River.

� SCPRT continued to implement components of the State Park Vision for the 21st Century,

focusing on stewardship and service in the State Park Service.

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� SCPRT continued to implement elements of the Lynches River Management Plan through educational efforts and the provision of river access at Lee State Natural Area in Lee County.

� SCPRT continued to work closely with the National Park Service and the PCF to implement common objectives and enhance cooperative natural heritage interpretation and conservation efforts.

� The East Coast Greenway Association, local governments, SCPRT, and other groups worked toward the development of the East Coast Greenway Trail that weaves through the coastal counties of South Carolina, with segments of the Trail added at Huntington Beach State Park and in several urban areas of Horry, Georgetown, Charleston, and Beaufort Counties.

� SCPRT continued to implement its Nature-Based Tourism Plan to grow tourism that utilizes the State’s natural and cultural resources in a sustainable manner.

� SCPRT continued to work with local interests to implement the South Carolina Heritage

Corridor Plan.

� Friends of the Edisto, SCDNR and other partners continue to promote the goals of the Edisto River Basin Project Report. Grants were obtained to develop watershed partnerships for conservation and education programs aimed at landowners and local government/business leaders, to conduct annual “Stewardship Day” river cleanups and river/watershed festivals, and to organize projects to address water quality problems.

� Implementation of the Reedy River Management Plan continued, focusing primarily on the areas of education and access. Two paddlefests were held on the River.

� Lynches Scenic River Advisory Council, SCDNR, SCPRT and other organizations implemented the goals and recommendations of the Lynches Scenic River Management

Plan. Actions included: a grant award for a riparian habitat assessment and education project to improve water quality; sharing of conservation information with landowners; the provision of river access and educational opportunities at Lee State Natural Area in Lee County; promotion of improvements for the Highway 15 Boat Ramp in Lee County; and conducting community river festivals. An RTP grant was also obtained to begin development of a river-trail guide.

� The Ashley Scenic River Advisory Council, SCDNR and other organizations implemented the goals and recommendations of the Ashley Scenic River Management Plan. Actions included conducting community education programs about river resources and land conservation for landowners and local government leaders, and advocating permitting and local planning decisions that protect river resources.

� The Black Scenic River Advisory Council, SCDNR and other organizations began development of the Black Scenic River Management Plan. The Plan will advocate creation of a new paddle-craft access at Highway 377 and improvements at Pea House Landing and planning and permitting decisions that will protect water quality and riparian habitat.

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� Local governments and outdoor recreation organizations implemented the objectives of a variety of local recreation plans.

Issue 9: Increase opportunities for activities of high recreational demand.

� SCPRT continued to play a significant role in increasing and maintaining opportunities for

outdoor recreational access at state parks through its diverse trails program, wildlife watching opportunities, camping, golf, picnicking, historic site visitation, fishing and other activities.

� The SCPRT grant process focused on the following activities of high recreational demand:

� Walking/running for pleasure or exercise � Playing ball/attending sporting events � Swimming/beach swimming � Driving for pleasure � Bicycling � Fishing � Wildlife/bird watching � Golf � Motorboating � Picnicking � Camping � Visiting historic sites � Gardening � Hiking

� The Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge provided enhanced opportunities for wildlife and bird watching, including improvements to access, a new photography blind and construction of a new observation tower.

� Local governments and recreation organizations provided new opportunities for a wide range of high demand outdoor recreational activities such as bird watching, walking/running and picnicking.

Issue 10: Increase ongoing education efforts to provide information on recreation

opportunities, avoid user conflicts, and protect resources.

� SCPRT significantly expanded delivery of public outdoor recreation information and

education through its improved and updated websites. The web resources provide linkages to other outdoor recreation sites and promote stewardship, nature based tourism, trails, and other programs and activities.

� SCPRT constructed new visitor centers at Charles Towne Landing, Musgrove Mill, and Edisto Beach State Park and re-developed the former Paris Mountain bath house into a new visitor center. All of these facilities provide visitor interpretation and education of park resources as well as trail access and enhanced opportunities for the Discover Carolina

program and other educational outreach programs.

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� Congaree National Park expanded and updated its web site to provide additional information about recreational opportunities and developed a range of educational and promotional materials for specialized users such as bird watchers, hikers, and paddlers.

� Congaree National Park continued to improve its visitor center and has now fully staffed the Old Growth Bottomland Forest Research and Education Center.

� Congaree National Park significantly expanded its educational outreach efforts – both internally and externally – to include K-12, higher education, and informal public science programs; partnerships with the research community to utilize the new Learning Center; and provision of a dedicated Education Coordinator.

� The Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge installed additional interpretive kiosks and panels and new exhibits that detail recreational opportunities at the Refuge.

� Local governments and organizations such as the Greenville County Recreation Commission enhanced or created web sites that promote and provide information about outdoor recreation opportunities, facilities and programs.

Issue 11: Increase public beach access.

� SCPRT continued to maintain important public beach access opportunities at Hunting

Island, Edisto Beach, Huntington Beach and Myrtle Beach State Parks. Dune crossovers were added at several locations, sand was added to severely eroding beaches, and facilities were moved as needed to “retreat” from beach areas.

� The SCDHEC Office of Coastal Resource Management continued to encourage public beach access and implementation of the policies of the Coastal Zone Management Act and the Beachfront Management Act.