South Africa: The Rise of Apartheid
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South Africa: The Rise of Apartheid
Chapter 13 South AfricaSection 2
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Apartheid Through out the Decades
After gaining independence from England, Afrikaner National Party gained majority in 1940s
1948-National Party-invented apartheid to establish white domination and separate races further
1950s – “Petty Apartheid” established – “classification and registration of Black and Coloured South Africans”
1960s- “Grand Apartheid” established - “territorial separation and police repression”
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1948 Elections The national Party represented
the white Afrikaners The won the election base on
the slogan of Apartheid White South Africans wished
to have a country that was separate from black South Africans.
They created the system of Apartheid that was meant to segregate against other races and eventually have them live in separate areas of the country.
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Population Registration Act
1950-Population Registration Act
-Divided South Africans into white, black (Africans), and colored (mixed descent)
-Based on appearance, social acceptance, and descent
-Blacks-forced to carry “pass books” holding fingerprints, photograph, and information on access to non-black areas
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1950 Group Areas Act Created basis for ethnic
government in African reserves or “homelands”
Each race was assigned a different homeland
Black political rights restricted to designated homeland, but had no rights in South African Parliament, which had complete control over the homelands
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District 6
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Sophiatown
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Mixed Marriages Act In 1949 South African
officials banned mixed marriages and relationships between different races.
White South Africans believe that their race should be pure and non-diverse
This devastated many families that were considered to be of mixed race
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Apartheid and Education
Just as it was in the United States during the ‘separate but equal” laws, South Africa had segregated schools during Apartheid
Black schools were dramatically inferior to those of whites
Black college students were not allowed to attend white schools and black schools prepared them to become laborers
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Apartheid and Women Women were extremely
segregated against during Apartheid
They were denied land, schools, rights to vote and jobs.
Their marriages and children were controlled by the government in an effort to control black populations
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Activity Sheet A – South African Apartheid Legislation
Complete the questions Complete the Objective You may work in pairs Due on Friday
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South Africa and the Homelands
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Bantustans Between 1960 and 1985, 3.5 million Africans were moved
by force Ten homelands were located to different black ethnic groups
within the race: Lebowa QwaQwa Bophuthatswana KwaZulu KaNgwane Transkei and Ciskei Gazankulu Venda KwaNdebele
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Bantustans
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Homelands and Restrictions
During the 1960s-1980s, South African government created a system of resettlement to remove other races from “white areas”
Each territory had a chief that worked for the Afrikaner government. Many of these “leaders” were politically corrupt and greedy.
Homelands were located in the most poverty-stricken and isolated regions of South Africa.
Mostly populated by women and children, since men were the only ones allowed to live in the city.
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Homelands and Restrictions
Anyone that belonged to a homeland, had their South African citizenship removed. Legally they had no rights under the South African government
Homelands controlled their own systems of education, police, and healthcare. However, these were underfunded by the government
Public services and amenities were segregated, and very often where not available in black homelands (i.e. movies)
Churches were segregated and could forbid the entrance of black South Africans as well
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Independence and Territories
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Independence of Bantustans
White South Africans removed black rights and citizenship on purpose.
Apartheid government after separating races into territories, gave them the option of becoming independent from South Africa and creating their own nation.
These “nations” would have no funding or support from the South African government (although they did benefit from black labor)
Members of annexed homelands would have to carry passports into South Africa
Independent homelands were never recognized as nations by the global community or the continent of Africa
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1953- Public Safety Act and Criminal Law Amendment Act
Gave government power to declare states of emergency, increasing punishments for protesting against or supporting repeal of a law: fines, imprisonment, whippings
1960-Government declared state of emergency when large group of blacks in Sharpeville refused to carry their passes Emergency lasted for 156
days, 69 people dead and 187 people wounded
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Who does Apartheid Benefit?
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A revolution was beginning…
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Activity Complete sheet B and study for South Africa
Section 2 quiz You must complete the questions and the
challenge activity You may work in pairs Both Sheet A and B are due Friday.