REPORT ON BUBBLE GUM By

Group Sub-Zero

Owais Ali Shah Ahmed Salar Mashrur Azad Muhammad Suleiman Hamza Riaz Mohammad Yaqoub

Sir Sadiq AmeenHOW GUM IS MADE

Companies manufacture chewing and bubble gums with long-lasting flavor and dependable, uniform quality. This includes manufacturing our gum in spotless, air-conditioned rooms and sampling all ingredients before accepting them into any factories. After raw ingredients are approved for quality, the first production stage begins.

Meltingthe making of gum begins by melting and purifying the gum base.

Mixingthe melted base is poured into a mixer that can hold up to one ton of ingredients. Sweeteners and flavors are added at just the right moment and in just the right amounts and then slowly mixed.

RollingFrom the mixers, a large "loaf" of gum is sent through a series of rollers that form it into a thin, wide ribbon. Each pair of rollers is set closer together than the previous pair, gradually reducing the thickness of the gum. A light coating of finely powdered sugar or sugar substitute is added during this process to keep the gum from sticking and to enhance flavor.

ScoringAt the end of the rolling process, the continuous ribbon of gum is then cut into a pattern for sticks, short thicker tabs, long rolled strips or small rectangular gum centers, depending on what type of gum is being made.

Conditioningthe scored gum is then moved to a temperature-controlled environment to cool and ensure the finished gum will have the right consistency and stay fresh on store shelves. 

Breaking and Coatingafter tempering, the gum centers are broken into individual pieces. The pieces are then fed to a spray drier that forms the crunchy coating around the gum center. It tumbles the pieces while a prepared syrup mixture, made of filtered water, sweeteners, and coloring is sprayed onto the gum. This combination of tumbling and spray coating forms a candy shell around the soft gum centers.

Wrappingafter cooling and tempering, skilled operators break the sheets of sticks up into sections and feed them into the wrapping machine. In one continuous process, the wrapping machine receives and wraps the sticks, in some cases applying an outer wrapper and seals the ends of the package.

PackagingPellet-style gum is principally packaged by two methods. One is to place the pellets in the formed plastic compartments of a blister pack. The package is heat sealed with a foil backing, and inserted into a cardboard sleeve. The second method is to line up ten pellets in a row, wrap in traditional packaging and seal both ends to ensure freshness. For Wrigley's Hubba Bubba® Bubble Tape®, a ribbon of gum is rolled up and placed in a plastic clamshell-like package.

BY: Muhammad Suleiman

PRODUCTION OF BUBBLE GUM DESCRIBED IN A PHOTO

BY: Hamza Riaz

Some Chemistry of Chewing gum.

Chewing gum was made from the latex sap of the sapodilla tree. Some other natural bases may be used such as, sorva and jelutong, sometimes even beeswax or paraffin are used.

This sap was called chicle.

There is a difference between chewing gum and bubble gum. Bubble gum is made with more sweeteners and ingredients to make it thicker so it will hold together when a bubble is blown.

Some sweeteners used are:

1. Sucralose

2. Aspartame

Gum contains sweeteners, flavorings, and softeners.

Softeners are ingredients such as glycerin or vegetable oil that are used to blend the other ingredients and help prevent the

gum from becoming hard or stiff.

Sugar free Chewing GumsXylitol

BY: Ahmed Salar

THE SALT OF SATURNLead(II) acetate also called lead sugar It is a white crystalline chemical compound with a sweetish taste. It is made by treating lead (II) oxide with acetic acid.

It was used as a sweetener in chewing gum for many years but was really dangerous as it could cause lead poisoning so its usage in foods was banned

Xylitol is used in chewing gum and in dental care. The structure of xylitol contains a tridentate ligand, (H-C-OH)3 that can rearrange with polyvalent cations like Ca2+. This interaction allows Ca2+ to be transported through the gut wall barrier and through saliva may remineralize enamel before dental caries form.

Silver acetateSilver acetate is a photosensitive, white crystalline solid.

It is a useful reagent in the laboratory as a water soluble source of silver lacking an oxidizing anion. It has been used in some antismoking drugs. In the health field, silver acetate-containing

products have been used in gum.

Some Facts About Bubble Gum1.100,000 tons of bubble gum is chewed every year all around the world.

2.According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the largest bubble ever blown measured 23 inches in diameter!

BY: Owais Ali Shah

3.It is believed that ancient Greeks found relief from stress by chewing a gum that was made from a resin.

4.The first bubble gum ever marketed was marketed under the name 'Blibber-Blubber'.

5.The color of the first successful bubble gum was pink because it was the only color that was left with the inventor.

6.Some mathematician once calculated and figured out that the energy Americans spend every day when chewing bubble gum was enough to light a city of ten million people.

7.In the year 1983 Singapore proposed a ban on bubble gum in all housing projects, claiming that it cost the city SGD 75,000 per year to clean up discarded wads.

8.By the 1940s, bubble gum had become so popular, that it was included in the ration kits given to U.S. Soldiers.

9.In Africa, it was said that various tribes

accepted large quantities of bubble gum in lieu of sheep and oxen as payment for a wife. (LOL)

10.The average American chews around 300 sticks of gum in one year.

11.Richard Walker holds the world record for the Chomp Title, by chewing 135 sticks of bubble gum for 8 hours at a stretch. The first person to win the 'Chomp Title' was Sue Jordan, who chewed eighty pieces of gum for all of five hours and twelve minutes!

12.The head of the Philadelphia Chewing Gum Company (who happen to be the makers of Swell Bubble Gum), Edward L. Fenimore, has been said to have blown a bubble within a bubble within a bubble, that is, a triple whammy!

13. Kids in North America spend approximately half a billion dollars on bubble gum every year.

14.Chewing bubble gum is said to keep you from crying as it reduces stress and helps in concentration.

BY: Mashrur Azad

THE END