Solutions for Education Development

8/3/2019 Solutions for Education Development

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Updated: 02/10/06Solutions for Education Development

In order to attain above-mentioned goals, it is necessary to focus on the implementation of the

following 7 groups of solutions:

1. To renovate objectives, contents, curricula of education.2. To develop teaching staff, to renovate education methods;3. To renovate education management;4. To continue the improvement of the national education system and to develop the school

network;5. To increase the financial resources and infrastructure of education;6. To strengthen social participation in education;7. To strengthen international co-operation. Among the above-mentioned solutions,

curricula renovation and development of teaching staff are the most important andeducation management renovation is the break-through solution.

5.1. To renovate objectives, contents, curricula of education: Objectives, contents, curriculaof education are renovated toward standardization, modernization, with closer access to the

advanced countries in the region and around the world; at the same time, should be relevant withthe manpower demands of socio-economic sectors of the country, of the regions and localities; to

follow the principle: learning is linked with doing, education is integrated with productivelabour; theory is linked with practice, education in schools is coordinated with education in

family and society. Attention is paid to physical education and to building up a learnerscharacter. To modernize teaching-learning equipment, laboratories, practical base. To apply

information technology as soon as possible in education in order to change education methodsand management.

a) General Education

To enhance all-round education quality; to carry out the reduction of learning load, to design

rational programme structure, ensuring basic standardized general knowledge, at the same timecreating conditions to develop each students ability, to increase thinking ability, practical skills,

to consider the importance of social and humanity knowledge, to enrich the contents with theachievements of modern science and technology in accordance with the absorbing ability of

students and accessing the general education level of developed countries in the region; to showfull concern for virtue, morals, civil awareness, physical and aesthetic education for students.

To create conditions for ethnic minority students to learn and master the countrys officiallanguage at the same time to organize the learning of their own ethnic language.

To give importance for providing and enhancing the knowledge of informatics and foreign

languages of students. To teach foreign languages in the wide scale. From grade 6, the studentcan learn at least one foreign language continuously so that they will be able to use it when

finishing upper secondary education. To make basic informatics knowledge universalized in


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schools, special importance is given to the ability of accessing and using the informationnetwork.

To carry out the new curricula and textbooks in the first grades of primary and lower secondary

education from school year 2002-2003 and the first grade of upper secondary education from

school year 2004-2005. In school year 2006-2007 to complete the realization of the newcurricula and textbooks in general education.

b) Professional Education

To build up and to promulgate the nomenclature of training occupations; to innovate and to make

contents, curricula standardized and flexible, to enhance the practical skills, the ability of self-employment, the ability to adapt to the quick changes in technology and production, business, to

link closely with the employment in the society, to transfer to other levels of education.

To combine the provision of basic knowledge and skills at schools with the training at

production and business places. To encourage the experts working in production and business toparticipate in curricula designing, teaching and training evaluation.

To design curricula of vocational training at high level in the direction of closer access to theadvanced level in the region and the world, with priority given to the fields of informatics,

biology, new materials, machinery, autoimmunization and some other fields serving agricultureand rural development.

c) Junior College, University and Postgraduate Education

To carry out strong innovations of the higher education curricula in the direction of

diversification, standardization, modernization, to create conditions for quick, selectiveadaptation of curricula of developed countries in the fields of science, technology, etc. closelysatisfying countrys requirements and practically serving the socio-economic development of

country in general and different sectors and localities in particular.

National universities, key universities, department training programmes in the spearhead fieldsof science-technology should act as the avant-garde in the renovation of objectives, contents,

methods, and curricula of education.

To design the bridging, multiphase programmes and to apply flexible training processes to create

more opportunities for higher education for everyone, especially for people in rural,

mountainous, isolated and remote areas.

To promulgate the curriculum framework for undergraduate level in school year 2001-2002 and

for master degree level in school year 2002-2003.

To renovate examination systems, enrollment procedures to build up the methodology,procedures and systems for evaluating the quality of training, teaching staff, student

achievements in an objective and exact manner; regard this as a basic measure to overcome the


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examination-oriented characteristic of current education, making the education process healthy,not only in higher education but in all levels of education. To show special concern to the

innovation of training methods in teacher training institutions, firstly in the two key pedagogicuniversities in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City and to create favourable conditions for innovation of

training and learning methods in general education schools.

Striving to ensure that every school has a good library with continuously updated learningmaterials, references for students and lecturers. To modernize teaching, learning equipment,

laboratories, and practical base. Whenever required, higher education institutions are allowed toorganize training programmes that use foreign languages as the medium of instruction in some

subjects. To ensure that after graduation students can use computers for collecting andprocessing information and can use one foreign language for work and communication, thus

increasing the ability of international integration.

5.2. To develop teaching staff, to innovate education methods

To ensure that teaching staff is sufficient in quality, rational in structure and standardized inqualification, meeting the demands of the increase of student enrollment, at the same timeenhancement of education quality and effectiveness.

To innovate and modernize the education methods. To change from passive knowledge

transmission in which teachers lecture and learners are taking notes, to advising learners on theways of active thinking and receiving knowledge, to teach students the methods of self-learning,

systematic collection of information and of analytic and synthetic thinking; to develop ability ofevery individual; to increase the active, independent attitude of students in learning process and

self-management activities in schools and social work.

To innovate programmes of teacher training and upgrading; to give importance to the training,consolidating and increasing the virtues and morals of teachers.

a) Pre-school education teachers

To intensify the training of pre-school education teachers to meet the demands of public and

non-public pre-school education institutions, to move towards the standardization of pre-school

education teaching staff. To build up the policies for pre-school teachers, especially teachersworking in rural, mountainous, isolated and remote areas.

b) General education teachers

To readjust the structure of general education teaching staff, increasing the number of teachersfor music, painting, sport-gymnastic, housework, career orientation and vocational teachers in

order to diversify learning and activities of students in the context when students will spend fullday at school. To increase the percentage of primary education teachers-graduates from junior

colleges. To strive to ensure that all teachers of lower secondary education will have thequalification at least of junior college level, among them the heads of subject groups have the

university level by 2005. To increase the percentage of upper secondary education teachers with


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master degree to 10%. Special importance is given to the building up teaching staff formountainous provinces, isolated, remote areas and areas with ethnic minority groups of

population. All teachers should have the opportunities to continuously take part in refreshmentcourses.

c) Teachers of vocational and professional secondary education

To train teachers of vocational and professional secondary education in accordance with uniform

standards, to supply teachers for new fields of training. To carry out professional refreshment forteachers by rotation every five years.

To increase the percentage of professional secondary education teachers with master degree to10% by 2010.

To increase visiting teachers including skilled workers, professionals with high qualifications

from enterprises and lecturers from higher education and technology research institutions.

d) Higher education teaching staff

It is urgent to train, recruit and increase the qualifications for higher education teaching staff in

order to reduce the current student/teacher ratio from 30 to 20, of which 10-15 for science andtechnology, 20-25 for social studies, humanities and economics, and to be in front of the

development of higher education in coming years. To increase the quota of master and doctoratetraining in order to supplement highly qualified manpower for universities and colleges. To

increase the percentage of lecturers with master degree to 40%, with doctor degree to 25% by2010. To give importance to training of highly qualified female lecturers. To create the

conditions for lecturers to access sources of new knowledge and achievements of world science

and technology.

To select excellent graduates to supplement teaching staff of universities, colleges and to train

them further at higher levels. To give priority to send lecturers of higher education institutionsabroad for learning and upgrading using state budget and other resources.

To invite and to create favourable conditions for people with high science-technology

qualifications and practical experiences working in research institutes, administration offices,enterprises and overseas Vietnamese scientists to participate in teaching at universities and

colleges.

e) To improve the labour norms, working regime, and benefit system for teachers. To graduallybuild up the salary system in accordance with teaching load and quality. To implement privilegesfor teachers and education managers working in socio-economic difficult areas, and working

with disabled children. The State should promulgate salary privilege policies for teachers. Toincrease the recruitment of teacher lecturers on a long-term labour contract basis.

g) To strengthen the training capability and to innovate the training programmes of teacher

training universities, colleges and faculties, to establish new faculties of education, teacher


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training and refreshment centres in other universities and colleges. To focus on building 2 keypedagogic universities for high quality teacher training and to conduct education research at an

advanced level. Priority is given to training teachers from ethnic minority groups and teacherswith knowledge of ethnic languages for schools in the areas inhabited by ethnic groups.

5.3. To innovate education management

To basically innovate education management thinking and modes in the direction of

enhancement of the state management effectiveness, to implement a strong decentralization toincrease the autonomy and accountability of local administration and education institutions in

effectively solving their issues and preventing and overcoming current negative environment orsituations.

a) To increase the effectiveness of central steering of the Government in the implementation ofthe strategic plan for education. To innovate functions and operational modes of the National

Council for Education chaired by the Prime Minister. The Council will assist him/her in steering

the implementation of the education development strategic plan. The Council has the supportunit in mobilizing a large number of highly respected scientists, educators, and socio-economicactivists in different sectors to participate in the process of preparing and approving policies,

development plans, evaluation of quality and effectiveness of education activities and theprogress of strategic plan implementation.

b) To innovate the mechanism and modes of education management in the direction of rational

decentralization in order to liberate and bring into play the potential, creative ability, theautonomy and accountability of each administrative level in effectively solving the shortages of

all education systems in development process.

- The Ministry of Education and Training together with the Ministry of Labour, Invalids andSocial Affairs should carry out the functions of state management in accordance with the

Governments authorizations, focusing on accomplishing well three tasks: to build up thestrategic plan, master plan and short-term plan of education development; to build up the

mechanism, policies and regulations defining curricula and quality of education; to organize thecontrol and inspection. Special importance is given to education inspection and quality assurance

by organizing and steering the quality assurance process; the mechanism coordinating schools,families and society in the education management, the mechanism linking education with

science-technology research and application through different forms of organization, integrationpolicies at macro and micro levels.

- To increase the quality of planning, regular forecasting and providing information about theneeds of manpower in the society for different levels of administration and education institutions

in order to regulate the enrollment, the structure of training fields and qualifications inaccordance with the employment.

- To strongly delegate managing authorities to different ministries, sectors, localities, to transfer

the management powers in the areas of organization, personnel and finance to local educationboards. To complete the regulations of managing activities of schools of different types. To give


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more autonomy to universities, colleges so that they can be active, creative and effective in theimplementation of education goals and at the same time to be more accountable before society

and people.

- To carry out the administration reform in education, and to renovate the mode of management

in education. To institutionalize the role, functions, tasks, rights and accountability of educationadministration at all levels; to promulgate and to implement legal norms on education.

c) To built up and to carry out the standardization of education managerial staff. To train and toregularly upgrade education administrators of different levels on management knowledge, skills,

virtues and morals.

To set the education management information system, to exploit the international education

information sources for assisting the evaluation and decision making.

To continue building and developing theory about Vietnam education oriented to socialism; to

study, to supplement, to improve education guidance, Party and State policy, innovation ofmanagement and content, methodology of education, the dissemination the education knowledgein society. To evaluate regularly the impact of policy and solutions in education innovation.

d) To increase the leadership of Party in education. Party Committees from central to local levels

should guide and regularly control the implementation of education policies, especially of socialparticipation in education, political and ideological education, the establishment of order,

discipline, should consider the development and increase of education quality as an indicator inbuilding the transparent and strong Party unit. To accept more Party members, to strengthen and

consolidate Party organization, to make it the nuclear of leadership in schools.

5.4. To continue improving the structure of the national education system and to developthe network of schools, classes, education institutions

To improve the structure of the national education system in the direction of diversification,

standardization, transferability, linkage from general and vocational to college, university and

postgraduate education. To organize the streaming of students after lower and upper secondaryeducation.

To develop the network of schools, classes, education institutions in the direction of overcoming

the irrational structure of qualifications, training fields and localities, linking schools withsociety, training with science research and application. Priority

is given to the development of technological junior colleges,the education institutions in ethnic minorities, isolated and remote areas.

a) To restructure the education system to meet the needs of country in the period ofindustrialization and modernization; to selectively adapt international experiences on the

organization of advanced education system in accordance with Vietnamese conditions. Torestructure the training qualifications following international standards. To change the learning

system, to renovate the entrance examinations, to diversify the modes of training, to build up the


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rules of transference between different levels, different education institutions and to carry outother measures for adjustment of education system structure.

b) To open more pre-school education institutions, especially in rural and difficult areas. To

encourage the development of non-public pre-school education institutions and pre-school

education institutions in business and enterprises.

c) To develop the system of general education schools expanding throughout the country. To

build in each commune (or each group of communes in sparsely - populated areas) at least oneprimary and one lower secondary school up to the national standards. To build in each province

at least one key upper secondary school. To consolidate and to establish more ethnic minorityboarding schools.

To link general education schools with polytechnical centres, career orientation centres andvocational education institutions at localities in order to increase student access while they attend

full day classes.

d) To carry out branching in upper secondary education on the basis of ensuring standardized,general, basic, all-round and career-oriented education provided for all students and increased

content in some disciplines in order to develop the ability and to meet the aspirations of students.To improve the model of specialized upper secondary schools in provinces or at universities in

order to nurture talented students in the fields of science, literature, fine arts, gymnastics andsports. To study, to pilot and step by step to establish the general technical schools in the fields

of agriculture, forestry, fishery and services in accordance with socio-economic peculiarities ofpopulated areas.

e) To consolidate and to establish more vocational training institutions, especially the institutions

closely attached to populated areas, to train in the fields meeting the local labour needs. By theyear of 2005 in each province will be at least one local vocational school and in each district one

short-term vocational training, training and employment consulting centre.

To develop vocational training at enterprises, apprenticeships, transferring of skills at craft

villages, and private vocational training; to consolidate long-term vocational training schools; tostrive to complete the construction of 25 key schools by 2005, 40 schools by 2010. To build up

the master plan of professional secondary schools.

g) To implement the master plan of universities, junior colleges. To focus investment on theconstruction and development of key institutions including the Hanoi National University and

the Ho Chi Minh City National University, 2 key Pedagogic Universities and some otheruniversities. As required there will be some higher education institutions in line with the master

plan and will have full conditions. To complete the model of piloting community colleges and todevelop colleges of this type in localities having full conditions.

To build universities and colleges as the centres of training and at the same time the centres ofscience research, application and technology transfer.


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To build strong science-technology research institutes, centres, departments in universities. Tomerge some research institutes, with priority on fundamental sciences, into universities.

To be active in finding forms, mechanisms closely linking training, research and practical

application, to take effectiveness of practical application for the direction, to link training with

research, to make training and research suitable to market mechanisms, contributing directly tothe increase of competitiveness of Vietnamese goods.

h) To consolidate and to establish more continuing education institutions such as continuingeducation centres, community learning centres, supplementary education schools meeting the

continuous learning needs of everyone, in every age and at every level. To strengthen two OpenUniversities in the aspects of media, equipment, learning materials in order to expand distance

education.

5.5. To strengthen financial resources, infrastructure for education

To increase the investment from the state budget, to mobilize all resources in society foreducation development; to innovate the mechanism of financial management. To standardize andmodernize education institutions, teaching, learning and research equipment.

a) The state budget is the main financial resource of education. The State should give priority to

investment in education compared with other sectors. To increase the percentage of state budgetfor education from 15% in 2000 to at least 18% by 2005, 20% by 2010; to gain the loans with

privileged interest for education from World Bank, Asian Development Bank, from otherinternational organizations and foreign countries. The state budget is focused mostly on universal

levels of education, to rural and mountainous areas, to training at high qualification, for studyfields, which is difficult to attract the investment outside of state budget.

To promulgate policy-ensuring learning conditions for children of meritorious people and policytarget groups, creating learning opportunities for children of poor families. During the period

2001 - 2005 the Government annually allocates a certain sum and mobilizes other resources inorder to send 400 - 500 learners to study in foreign countries with advanced science and

technology.

To mobilize many financial resources, to combine resources within and outside the country andsocial contribution for education development.

b) To innovate the financial management mechanism in the direction to transfer the financial

autonomy parallel with the implementation of transparent financial system and auditing systemin order to increase the effectiveness of utilization of financial resources invested to education.

To improve mechanism, policies of education credit.

c) Local administration has the detailed plans of school construction in order to accelerate the

universalization of lower secondary education, to increase the percentage of students learningfull day at school to 70%, to increase the percentage of standardized schools to 50% by 2010. To


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show special concern to building the permanent or semi-permanent schools in the areas sufferingnatural disasters.

To carry out the privileged regime of using lands, giving loans for investment to education

infrastructure.

d) To increase and to modernize equipment, serving the innovation of education programmes,contents and methods.

By 2010, 60% of general education schools and 100% universities and junior colleges will beconnected to Internet. To connect the higher education system directly to the Internet.

e) To build school libraries. By 2010 all general education schools will have a school library. Tobuild up the electronic library system linked between higher education institutions in each

locality and after that in the whole country, in the region and the world.

g) To build some national laboratories in national and key universities. To build practical basis

on technology in some junior colleges.

5.6. To push up social participation in education

To encourage, to mobilize and to create conditions for the whole society to participate ineducation development. To create opportunities for all people, at every age, every level to learn

continuously, life long, to go forwards to a learning society.

a) To improve the theoretic and practical base, mechanism, policy and measures of socialparticipation in education, to

create the high agreement in the society about the understan- ding and implementation; to

supplement and to improve thelegal rules, the macro policies strongly encouraging socio-economic organizations andindividuals to invest in education development; to create conditions to expand the enrollment

as well as to increase the training quality of non-public education institutions system, (non-formal) education and community education centres

b) To develop non-public education institutions

To change some public institutions to non-public ones when suitable conditions exist. Toconsolidate and to increase the education quality of non-public institutions. To increase the

percentage of students of non-public vocational training schools (long-term and short-term) to

70% by 2010, of students of non-public higher education institutions to 30% by 2010. Priority isgiven to non-public institutions in land rent and receiving credit for building schools. Schools,teaching staff, students of non-public education institutions are equal to those of public ones. To

improve and to promulgate policies and mechanism assisting non-public education institutions.

c) To enlarge the learning promotion fund, education patrons fund, to encourage individuals andcollectives to invest in education development; to innovate the tuition fees system of public and

non-public higher education institutions to make it relevant to education services provided by


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institutions and to paying ability of learners, at the same time to reduce or exempt fees forlearners from families of policy target groups, of meritorious people and the poor.

d) To expand and to strengthen the relations between education institutions and different sectors,

localities, offices, enterprises, socio-economic organizations, to create conditions for the society

to contribute to the building of infrastructure, to participate in developing of master plans ofinstitutions, to adjusting the training fields, qualification structure, to sponsoring learners andaccepting graduates, to controlling education activities and creating healthy education

environment.

e) To make the education institutions become cultural centres with healthy educationenvironments, implementing all-round education on moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic

aspects. To bring into play the tradition of respecting teachers and doctrine, to show the virtuesof teachers, to do well the work of the political and ideological education, every teacher strives to

become exemplary in all aspects, the mirror for students to look at. To do well the work of Party,Youth Union, Students Association in schools, to eliminate determinably the social evils, the

negative aspects in teaching and learning.

g) To increase the awareness, to strengthen the leadership of Party organizations, the control of

Peoples Councils, the management of Peoples Committees at different levels; to bring into playthe role of Trade Union, Womens Association, Youth Union, Pioneers Association, Students

Association, Student Parents Association, Learning Promotion Association and other socialorganizations in the mobilization of social resources for education development.

5.7. To push up international co-operation in education

To encourage the expansion and increase of cooperating relations in training, research with

universities, research institutes of prestige and high quality on the world for exchanging goodexperiences, suitable to Vietnam conditions and increasing resources for education development.

a) To mobilize the resources from international co-operation to increase the equipment, to buildinfrastructure for general education, especially in the areas with difficult socio-economic

conditions.

b) To increase the number of projects based on financial aid or loans in order to train technical

skilled workers to meet the changes in labour structure and of labour export.

c) To cooperate in investment to establish some high-tech centres in higher education

institutions; to import the advanced research equipment in order to increase the effectiveness oftraining and research.

d) To develop the cooperating projects in the field of science research generally and educationresearch particularly of higher education institutions, research institutes, centres specialized in

education; to exchange information, to organize workshops, international conferences; toparticipate in the activities of United Nations organizations, the organizations of French speaking

countries, the organizations of Asia Pacific region, Asia-Europe organizations and others.


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e) To encourage the foreign business people with experience, potential, tradition and highqualification to establish education institutions with 100% foreign capital or joint ventures with

Vietnamese partners in higher education, vocational training, distance education, to organize inVietnam short-term refreshment courses at regional and international level following Vietnamese

legal system.

g) To build up the mechanism and policies that encourage, create favourable conditions andsupervise self-sufficient learning abroad.

Solutions for Education Development

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