Solutions Chapter 12 Modern Chemistry

Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solutions p. 418-424

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SolutionsSolutionsChapter 12 Modern Chapter 12 Modern ChemistryChemistry

Sections 1-3Sections 1-3

Types of MixturesTypes of Mixtures

The Solution ProcessThe Solution Process

Concentrations of Concentrations of SolutionSolution

Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424

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Concentration Concentration of Solutionsof Solutions

Section 12.3Section 12.3


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ConcentrationConcentratedDiluteMolarityMolalityDilution

VocabularyVocabulary


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MOLARITYMOLARITY

Concept Map 12.3Concept Map 12.3

DILUTEDILUTECONCENTRATEDCONCENTRATED

DILUTIONSDILUTIONS

CONCENTRATIONCONCENTRATION

MOLALITYMOLALITY


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• Concentration is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution.

• Dilute means that there is a small amount of solute.

• Concentration means that there is a large amount of solute.

• There are many ways to quantify concentration.

ConcentrationConcentration


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Concentration UnitsConcentration Units


7p. xxCon

cen

trati

on

& M

ola

rity

Con

cen

trati

on

& M

ola

rity


8

The number of moles of solute in one liter of solution.

MolarityMolarity

MM = =moles of solutemoles of solute

liters of solutionliters of solution

MM = =molmol

LL


9p. 419

Making Making

a a Molar Molar SolutioSolutionn


10p. xxMakin

g a

Mola

r S

olu

tion

Makin

g a

Mola

r S

olu

tion

Insert Holt Disc 2Insert Holt Disc 2


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1. You have 3.50 L of solution that contains 90.0 g of sodium chloride, NaCl. What is the molarity of that solution?

2. You have 0.8 L of a 0.5 M HCl solution. How many moles of HCl does this solution contain?

3. To produce 40.0 g of silver chromate, you will need at least 23.4 g of potassium chromate in solution as a reactant. All you have on hand is 5 L of a 6.0 M K2CrO4 solution. What volume of the solution is needed to give you the 23.4 g K2CrO4 needed for the reaction?

p. 4

20-4

21

1. 0.440 M NaCl

Molarity Sample ProblemsMolarity Sample Problems

2. 0.4 mol HCl

3. 0.020 L K2CrO4


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1. What is the molarity of a solution composed of 5.85 g of potassium iodide, KI, dissolved in enough water to make 0.125 L of solution?

2. How many moles of H2SO4 are present in 0.500 L of a 0.150 M H2SO4 solution?

3. What volume of 3.00 M NaCl is needed for a reaction that requires 146.3 g of NaCl?

p. 4

21

1. 0.282 M KI

Molarity Practice ProblemsMolarity Practice Problems

2. 0.0750 mol

3. 0.834 L


13p. xxMola

rity

vs.

Mola

lity

Mola

rity

vs.

Mola

lity


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The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

MolalityMolality

mm = =moles of solutemoles of solute

kilograms of solventkilograms of solvent

mm = =molmol

KgKg

The density of water is 1 g / mL. So, 1 g = 1 mL and 1kg = 1 L


15p. 422

Making a Molal SolutionMaking a Molal Solution


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1. A solution was prepared by dissolving 17.1 g of sucrose (table sugar, C12H22O11) in 125 g of water. Find the molal concentration of this solution.

2. A solution of iodine, I2, in carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, is used when iodine is needed for certain chemical tests. How much iodine must be added to prepare a 0.480 m solution of iodine in CCl4 if 100.0 g of CCl4 is used?

p. 4

23-4

24

1. 0.400 m C12H22O11

Molality Sample ProblemsMolality Sample Problems

2. 12.2 g I2


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1. What is the molality of acetone in a solution composed of 255 g of acetone, (CH3)2CO, dissolved in 200. g of water?

2. What quantity, in grams, of methanol, CH3OH, is required to prepare a 0.244 m solution in 400. g of water?

p. 4

24

1. 22.0 m acetone

Molality Practice ProblemsMolality Practice Problems

2. 3.13 g CH3OH


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How much of an original solution is needed to make a less concentrated solution by adding water?

Diluting a SolutionDiluting a Solution

MM1 1 VV1 1 = M= M22 V V22OriginaOriginal l

MolaritMolarityy

Volume Volume of of

OriginaOriginal l

SolutioSolution n

NeededNeeded

NewNewMolaritMolarit

yy

Volume Volume of New of New SolutioSolutio

n n WanteWante

dd


19p. xxDilu

tin

g a

Solu

tion

Dilu

tin

g a

Solu

tion

Insert Holt Disc 2Insert Holt Disc 2


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P. 902 # 367. What is the molarity of a solution of ammonium chloride prepared by diluting 50.00 mL of a 3.79 M NH4Cl solution to 2.00 L?

P. 903 #370. To what volume should 1.19 mL of an 8.00 M acetic acid solution be diluted in order to obtain a final solution that is 1.50 M?

0.0948 M

Dilution ProblemsDilution Problems

6.35 mL


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P. 903 # 371. What volume of a 5.75 M formic acid solution should be used to prepare 2.00 L of a 1.00 M formic acid solution?

P. 903 #372. A 25.00 mL sample of ammonium nitrate solution produces a 0.186 M solution when diluted with 50.00 mL of water. What is the molarity of the stock solution?

348 mL

Dilution ProblemsDilution Problems

0.558 M


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Ch 12 Sec 3 HomeworkCh 12 Sec 3 Homework

Molarity, Molality, Dilution Problem Bank Page 902-903 #345-347, 350-352, 375

Solutions Chapter 12 Modern Chemistry

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