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Unit 4CHEMISTRY IN MODERN LIFE

ni dung1.What is chemistry2.Chemistry in our daily life3.chemistry and food5.Chemistry in warfare4.Chemistry and agriculture

What is chemistry

What is chemistry

Chemistry is the study of matter and energy and the interactions between them :Its composition structurepropertiesreactions

What is chemistry

What is chemistryOrganic chemistry is the study of all carbon compoundInorganic chemistry is the study of all non-carbon compoundBiochemistry is the study of processes that take place inside of living organismsAnalytical chemistry is the study of the composition of matter Physical chemistry is the study of the mechanism, the rate and the energy transfer in matter changes

Chemistry in our daily life

99% of the mass of the human body is made up of just six elements: oxygencarbonhydrogennitrogencalciumphosphoru Chemistry in the Human Body

Chemistry in our daily life

Chemistry in our daily lifeChemistry and love

Chemistry and Love

Chemistry and food

chemiscals

chemistry and foodChemiscal reactions:cook foodBeka a cakestore food in the fridge

Chemistry and agricultureChemiscals

Analysis of soilFertilizers

PesticidesVeterinary medicineFood for farm animals

Chemistry in warfare

Chemical weapons :Starting to be used common in the first war world.The german used clothane to attack BelgiumChanged the first world warbecoming the fear of humanity

Chemistry in warfareThe nuclear weapon

1. Chemistry and drugsOrganic molecules(most drugs)Inorganic moleculesMedicines or drugs

Organic molecules

Widely used as analgesic drugsEasily to be synthesized

So we want to have a proper understanding and knowledge of drugs.From discovery to developmentFrom production and storage to administrationFrom desired actions to adverse effects of drugs WE NEED TO LEARN CHEMISTRY

Chemistry and sourcesIn the discovery stage, suitable sources are explored.

naturalMorphine from papaver somniferumsyntheticParacetamol, a popular analgesic and antipyreticSemi-syntheticpenicillin

Whatever the source is, chemistry is involved in all processes in the discovery phase

Example

Natural source

Extraction and isolation

Identification are usedChemistry

Which processes in the drug development phase is chemistry involved in?

Firstly, in the drug development steps, especially in the pre-formulation and formulation studies, structures and the physical properties, e.g. solubility and pH, of the drug molecules are exploited.

ChemicalContentAscorbic acid5.0 g Sodium bicarbonate2.365 g Sodium metabisulfite0.100 gDisodium edetate0.020 g Distilled water100 ml

Ascorbic acidFreely soluble in water, soluble in alcohol

pH 5.0 to 6.5 makes it stable and increase solubility

Easily oxidize

Chemistry, particularly physical properties of drugs, is also important to determine storage conditions.

Store at 2 degrees to 8 degrees. Protect from light. pH 5.0 to 6.5. (BP 2008)Ascorbic acid

aspirin

The chemistry of drug molecules dictates the choice of the appropriate route of administration.

When administered, the action of a drug inside our body depends on its binding to appropriate receptor, and its subsequent metabolic processes, all of which involve complex enzyme-driven biochemical reactions.

When many drugs are used in combination, they can have harmful effects.

All drugs are chemicals, and pharmacy is a subject that deals with the study of various aspects of drugs. Therefore, it is needless to say that to become a good pharmacist the knowledge of the chemistry of drugs is essential.

Life saving Sulfuric Acid

Which problems do farmers around the world face with ?

Result ???

1100 people50000 people

Man-made saltsRoman empireBenjamin FranklinAnimal fertilizerChemiscal fertilizer

Chemical fertilizerPhosphatic fertilizerNitrogenous fertilizerPotassium fertilizer

1/3 FOODS FERTILIZERS

Increasing worldwide demand for fertilizers

Many of the top dozen chemicals produced in the United States are used in the production of fertilizers

SULFURIC ACID

Phosphate rock

Calcium phosphate Apatid

2.2 Phosphate rock and H2SO4Phosphat rock Ca5(PO4)3FMan-made fertilizers

Florida sits on one of the richest deposits of phosphate rock.

Ca3(PO4 ) > Ca2+ + PO43- ??? PO43-Photphate rock is not soluble in water. But Plant nutrients must be soluble obtain nutriens through their roots.

Treating phosphate rock with sulfuric acid produces :

2Ca5(PO4)3F +7 H2SO4 + 17H2O7Ca(SO4) +2H2O +3Ca(H2PO4)2+H2O + 2HF

+ soluble calcium dihydrogen phosphate Ca(H2PO4)2+ phosphoric acid H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 + 3 H2SO4 + 6 H2O 2 H3PO4 + 3 CaSO4 + 2 H2O

3NH3 + H3PO4 ( NH4)3PO4

NPPhosphoric acid is used in a variety of ways to produce other fertilizer Supply N and P for Plant

ConclusionThe chemical primary products are fertilizers or chemiscals (H2SO4, H3PO4),which are used to make fertilizes.

Thanks to the insight of Benjamin Frankin more than two hundered years ago, we have been able to nourish more people than would have been possible otherwise.