SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTABARCA AARON PAUL AGUAN AARON BALISI DANICA BASIT DEMS RUDOLF FLORES FLEUR GABRIELLE LUNA ABIGALE PHILIPPE NAMIAS JESSICA ANDREA PEREA NATHANIEL SANTIAGO TROJAN

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Biodegradable Materials

Non-Biodegradable Materials

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN METRO MANILA

Metro Manila produces 7000 tons of garbage per day or 2.55 million tons per year and is expected to double by year 2020 . Each person produces .57 kilogram of garbage a day.

By the NumbersMetro Manila, according to the ADB. This translates to 7,000 tons of trash per day.

kilo the average trash generated per person per day in

Php 3.8 billion the annual total spending of MetroPhp 3.61 billion will be saved if recyclables andbiodegradables are segregated at source and do not end up in dumpsites. This translates to cost savings of 95%. (Source: ADB study, 2003)

Manila for garbage collection. This translates to Php1,500 per ton of garbage or Php10.5 million per day.

WHAT P3.61 BILLION CAN BUY??? 7,220 classrooms (assuming one classroom is Php500,000) to benefit 433,200 pupils (if one classroom holds 60 pupils), or 20,056 additional teachers (monthly pay of Php15,000 per teacher), or 20,056 additional policemen (Php15,000 per policeman monthly), or 361 kilometers of roads (at Php10 million per kilometer), or 7,220 additional low-cost houses (Php500,000 per two-bedroom house

Solid wastes in Manila comprises 2 units biodegradables and 8 units non-biodegradables.

Biodegradables: 45% kitchen waste 7% composing grass and wood Non-Biodegradables: 17% paper 16% plastics 5% metal 4% textile 3% glass

According to Master Plan Study the physical and chemical parameters of Metro Manila solid wastes in every 200 kilograms / cubic meter:Moisture content Combustible content Ash content 45% 46.65% 8.35%

And for a total of 100% waste collection efficiency:65% came from household 25% are illegally dumped 6% are self-disposed 4% are recycled

History of Solid Waste management in Metro Manila

1998

-created a SWM Master Plan for Metro Manila -immediate construction of inland landfills in the long term. -programs for solid waste segregation such as composting, community-based recycling and installations of recycling centers

1999Greater Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Committee was created as an overall coordinating body for the formulation and implementation of solid waste management plan of Metro Manila and the adjoining province of Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Pampanga, Laguna, Rizal and Zambales.

National Law on Solid WasteRepublic Act No. 9003 AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, CREATING THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES, DECLARING CERTAIN ACTS PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING PENALTIES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND OTHER PURPOSES

SOLID WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS

MARIKINA CITY

City Environmental Management Office (CEMO)

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

CITY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMNT OFFICE COVERAGE: 16 barangays, estimated 496,205 population, 21.5 sq. kms in area, estimated 700 cubic meters daily volume of garbage

BUDGETYEAR BUDGET COST/CAPITA

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

P 82 M 70 M 75 M 56 M 79 M 92 M 110 M

187.00 156.50 163.85 125.10 176.50 187.17 221.68

MANNER OF COLLECTION DOOR TO DOOR

Manner Of CollectionCurbside or Alley Pick Up - City determines the place where the garbages must be collected.

Set-out, set-back Method -house to house collection

Backyard Method -uses carts to collect garbage

Waste CharacterizationInorganic 5% Paper 16% Organic 45%

Glass 2% Metal3%

Plastic 29%

WASTE CHARACTERIZATION Undertaken by the city for two times already: Paper 16% glass 2% Metal 3% plastic 29% organic 44% Inorganic 5% Hazardous 0.3% Special 0.7%

WASTE DIVERSION Recyclables recovery thru MRF and Eco Savers Program (school-based)

Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)

ENFORCEMENTPENALTY FOR IMPROPER DISPOSAL = P2,000.00 or 20-hr. community service or blood donation PENALTY FOR UNSEGREGATED WASTES= P2,000.00 PENALTY FOR LITTERING =P500/pc. PENALTY FOR BURNING GARBAGE=P2,000

ENFORCEMENT

ECO SAVERSPROGRAM

ECO-SAVERS PROGRAM- Why Eco Savers? -They want every participant a saver of ecological system by being aware of sound environmental practices. - They want to encourage economic savings through recycling of garbage

ECO-SAVERS PASSBOOK

ECO-DAY (SCHOOL)

ECO-DAY (SCHOOL)

ECO-DAY (SCHOOL)

ECO-DAY (SCHOOL)

ECO-DAY (SCHOOL)

ECO-SAVERS PASSBOOK

ECO-SAVERS BUS

ECO-SAVERS BUS

REDEMPTION (SCHOOL)

REDEMPTION (SCHOOL)

MARIKINA COMPOSTING FACILITY

COMPOSTCompost ( /kmpst/ or /kmpost/) is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment. Compost is a key ingredient in organic farming.

COMPOSTCompost can be rich in nutrients. It is used in gardens, landscaping, horticulture, and agriculture. The compost itself is beneficial for the land in many ways, including as a soil conditioner, a fertilizer, addition of vital humus or humic acids, and as a natural pesticide for soil.

BIOREACTOR

COMPOSTING PROCESSCOMPOSITIONMARKET WASTE

ANIMAL MANURE SAW DUST

COMPOSTING PROCESSSTEP 1 SHREDDING

COMPOSTING PROCESSSTEP 2

LOADING

COMPOSTING PROCESSSTEP 3 DISCHARGINGPRE COMPOST OUTPUT

COMPOSTING PROCESSSTEP 4

CURING

COMPOSTING PROCESSSTEP 5

SCREENING

COMPOSTING PROCESSSTEP 6 BAGGING/PACKAGING

COMPOSTING PROCESSCOMPOST PRODUCT

APPLICATIONFERTILIZER FOR VEGETABLES & ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

APPLICATIONVegetables produced from organic fertilizer

TIPS ON ADOPTINGA GREENER LIFESTYLE

CONSERVE ENERGY, CHANGE YOUR LIGHT BULBS. USE CFL. CFL USE 75% LESS ELECTRICITY AND LAST UP TO 13 TIMES LONGER

TAKE CARE OF YOUR CAR, MAKE SURE YOUR CAR IS IN GOOD RUNNING CONDITION .KEEP YOUR ENGINE PROPERLY MAINTAINED AND YOUR TIRES PROPERLY INFLATED. KEEP YOUR AIR FILTER CLEAN. GOOD ENGINES, CLEAN FILTERS WILL GIVE YOU 17% INCREASE IN FUEL EFFICIENCY.

WASH CLOTHES IN BULK. USE COLD WATER IN THE WASHER TO SAVE ELECTRICITY. HANG CLOTHES IN DRIYING, IT IS MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY AND IT WILL KEEP CLOTHES FROM FAIDING

UNPLUG APPLIANCES WHEN NOT IN USE, TV SETS, RADIOS, VIDEO PLAYERS, AIR CONDITIONS AND COMPUTERS WHEN ON STANDBY STILL CONSUME POWER.

START URBAN FARMING OR BACKYARD GARDENING. YOU CAN HAVE CREEPING VEGETABLES ON YOUR OWN WALLS OR FENCES.

REPORT WATER LEAKS AND ILLEGAL CONNECTIONS. CALL MANILA WATER HOTLINE 1627 OR MAYNILAD HOTLINE 1626

RIDE A BIKE OR WALK WHEN GOING SHORT DISTANCES.

PLANT A TREE AT LEAST ONCE A YEAR

RAIN WATER HARVESTING. RAIN WATER CAN BE USE IN YOUR DAILY NEEDS LIKE WATERING PLANTS, CLEANING YOUR HOUSE, IN CLEANING YOUR CARS, IN FLUSHING TOILETS, ETC.

HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

#35 bayan-bayanan ave. Concepcion uno, marikina city

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Hospital waste is Any waste which is generated in the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research in a hospital.

HOSPITAL WASTE CATEGORIES

By WHO (World Health Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is concerned with international public health.

HOSPITAL WASTE CATEGORIESInfectious Materials containing pathogens if exposed can cause disease.

HOSPITAL WASTE CATEGORIESInfectious -Human anatomical waste: waste from surgery and autopsies on patients with infectious diseases.

HOSPITAL WASTE CATEGORIESInfectious

- Sharps: disposable needles, syringes, saws, blades, broken glasses, nails or any other item that could cause a cut;

HOSPITAL WASTE CATEGORIESInfectious

- Pathological: tissues, organs, body parts, human flesh, fetuses, blood and body fluids

HOSPITAL WASTE CATEGORIESNon Infectious (Hazardous)

- Pharmaceuticals: drugs and chemicals that are returned from wards, spilled, outdated, contaminated, or are no longer required;

HOSPITAL WASTE CATEGORIESNon Infectious (Hazardous)

- Radioactive: solids, liquids and gaseous waste contaminated with radioactive substances used in diagnosis and treatment of diseases like toxic goiter.

HOSPITAL WASTE CATEGORIESNon Infectious (Non Hazardous)

-Domestic waste: from the offices, kitchens, rooms, including bed linen, utensils, paper, etc.

COLLECTION

Domestic waste such as containers of food are collected by the local dump truck.

COLLECTION

Hospital wastes such as syringe and drug containers are collected by private collectors.

MEDICAL WASTEblood-soaked bandages culture dishes and other glassware discarded surgical gloves - after surgery discarded surgical instruments - scalpels needles - used to give shots or draw blood cultures, stocks, swabs used to inoculate cultures removed body organs - tonsils, appendices, limbs, etc. lancets - the little blades the doctor pricks your finger with to get a drop of blood

HOSPITAL WASTEBiohazard waste containers must be sturdy, leakproof, and have a tight-fitting lid. The containers should be red and must be labeled with "Biohazardous Waste" or a biohazard symbol and the word "Biohazard.

HOSPITAL WASTE

The containers also need to be lined with biohazardous waste bags. Once a biohazardous bag is added, the label on the container must remain be visible. Whenever waste is not being actively added, the lid must be kept on the container.

HOSPITAL WASTEBiohazardous waste must be physically separated from other wastes. Avoid mixing biohazardous waste with chemical or radioactive materials when possible. Biohazardous waste must be free from radioactive and chemical contamination. The next step in disposal is to find an organization that specializes in the disposal of it.

HOSPITAL WASTEProper disposal of waste - All infectious waste and sharps containers : Incineration

- All Domestic waste : Landfill- All hazardous waste : Chemical treatment before disposal

INCINERATION-is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic sub stances contained in waste materials. -Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment".

INCINERATION-Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat.

Basic Parts of an Incinerator

Basic Parts of an IncineratorThis first step of the process is to introduce the wastes into the rotary kiln. The rotary kiln is typically kept at 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit or greater, and the kiln tumbles the waste like a cement mixer or clothes dryer to make sure that every side of the waste is exposed to the heat. Components of the waste that are turned into gas are pumped into the afterburner, and the materials which remain solid are expelled as ash into a separate container to be taken away and treated. Those gases in the afterburner are exposed to heat at 2,200 degrees Fahrenheit, and the extreme heat often forces the gases to break their chemical bonds further and to become stable--usually nonhazardous compounds such as water and carbon dioxide.

IncineratorADVANTAGES -reduction of volume and mass by burning -source of energy - increase of income by selling bottom ash -environmentally acceptable

IncineratorDISADVANTAGES -higher cost and longer pay back period due to high capital investment -since incineration is design on the basis of a certain calorific value removing paper and plastics for recycling lowers the overall calorific value that may affect the incinerator performance -the process still produces a solid waste residue at the end which still requires treatment and management

Incinerator

Brgy. Sto Nio, Paranaque City Metro Manila, Philippines

Incinerator

THE THERMAL DECOMPOSER FACILITY Bgy. Aguado, Trece Martirez, Cavite

LANDFILL

A landfill site (also known as tip, dump, rubbish dump or dumping ground and historically as a midden) is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment. Historically, landfills have been the most common methods of organized disposal and remain so in many places around the world. Some landfills are also used for waste management purposes, such as the temporary storage, consolidation and transfer, or processing of waste material (sorting, treatment, or recycling).

A secure landfill is a carefully engineered depression in the ground (or built on top of the ground, resembling a football stadium) into which wastes are put. The aim is to avoid any hydraulic [water-related] connection between the wastes and the surrounding environment, particularly groundwater. Basically, a landfill is a bathtub in the ground; a double-lined landfill is one bathtub inside another. Bathtubs leak two ways: out the bottom or over the top.

Dumpsite refers to an area where garbage materials are dumped in order to separate Domestic Waste from other types of waste. After disposing wastes to dumpsites, scavengers (ones who separate recyclable wastes to other types of waste).

Landfills have special linings on soils to prevent leaks from contaminating underground waters while dumpsites dont have linings. Dumpsites are lands where people just dispose their garbage. Dumpsites dont have a management to supervise them. Historically, people just throw their wastes in these lands because there has been no law created in the past concerning the proper disposal of garbage.

Landfills are very much organized on process while Dumpsites are not. Dumpsites can be converted to Landfills.

1. Sanitary Landfills Sights were wastes are isolated from the environment until it is safe. It is considered safe when it has completely degraded biologically, chemically, and physically. Sanitary landfills use technology to contain the waste and prevent the leaching out of potentially hazardous substances. There are two main methods used in sanitary landfills, the trench method and the area method.

2. Municipal Solids Waste Landfills This type of landfill collects household garbage and is regulated by state and local governments. The environmental protection Agency has established minimum criteria that these landfills must meet. Some materials must be banned from disposal in municipal solid wastes landfills. Items such as paints, cleaners, chemicals, motor oil, batteries, and pesticides are some of the most common items that are banned from MSWs. However, some household appliances can be turned into MSWs for disposal.

3. Construction and Demolition Waste Landfills These types of landfills used for debris generated during construction, renovations, demolitions of buildings and bridges. The type of debris include: concrete, wood, asphalt, gypsum (the main component of drywall), metals, bricks, glass, plastics, trees, stumps, earth, rock and building components (doors, windows, plumbing fixtures).

4. Industrial Waste Landfills It is a separate from consisting of nonhazardous wastes associated with manufacturing and other industrial activities.

Land is excavated to within 3 feet of the top of the water table. A compacted clay or synthetic liner is added. This liner prevents contaminants from seeping into the groundwater. It has a permeability of 10-7centimeters per second. A leachate collection system is installed. This system is composed of pipes that overlay the compacted clay or synthetic liner. A geosynthetic liner is installed. This layer will help to stabilize the waste. A sloped, sand drainage layer is installed. This layer will drain liquids away from the waste into the leachate collection system. The landfill is opened and solid waste is deposited. New waste is spread and compacted every 6 feet. A soil or synthetic liner is added daily to prevent waste from blowing and to limit pests. Occurs throughout the active life of the landfill. During this phase, groundwater and gas monitoring wells are drilled into full waste cells.

Occurs after the landfill is filled to capacity. During this phase, a final stabilizing soil layer is placed over the compacted solid waste. A clay cap is installed. This cap prevents water from filtering into the landfill. It is about 3 feet thick, with a permeability of 10 A geosynthetic cap is installed. This cap provides additional protection against water filtration. A sand drainage layer is installed. The sand drains rainwater away from the waste. A sand drainage layer is installed. The sand drains rainwater away from the waste. Grass and other short rooted plants are planted. These plants will prevent erosion of the landfill surface. A layer of topsoil is added to promote plant growth. A methane recovery building is constructed. This building uses landfill gas released during degradation to generate electricity for the facility.

Our Government follows different guidelines on Choosing landfills. it should be/have 1. Area Capacitive and has availability 2. Short haul distance 3. Far from sensitive groundwater resources 4. Occurrence to flood 5. Far from to residential areas 6. Prone/Seismic to earthquakes 7. Good geological and soil conditions 8. Passed topographical conditions 9. Far from Commercial establishments and domestic airports

Typically, in non hazardous waste landfills, in order to meet predefined specifications, techniques are applied by which the wastes are: 1. Confined to as small an area as possible. 2. Compacted to reduce their volume. 3. Covered (usually daily) with layers of soil.

The Operations of a landfill follows a step by step process. 1. Waste collection vehicles are weighed at a weighbridge on arrival and their load is inspected for wastes that do not accord with the landfills waste acceptance criteria. 2. Waste collection vehicles use the existing road network on their way to the tipping face or working front where they unload their contents.

3.

Compactors or bulldozers are used to spread and compact the waste on the working face. Before leaving the landfill boundaries, the waste collection vehicles pass through a wheel cleaning facility.

Alternative waste-cover materials are chipped wood or other "green waste", several sprayed-on foam products, chemically 'fixed' bio-solids and temporary blankets. Blankets can be lifted into place at night then removed the following day prior to waste placement. The space that is occupied daily by the compacted waste and the cover material is called a daily cell.

3.

Compactors or bulldozers are used to spread and compact the waste on the working face. Before leaving the landfill boundaries, the waste collection vehicles pass through a wheel cleaning facility.

Alternative waste-cover materials are chipped wood or other "green waste", several sprayed-on foam products, chemically 'fixed' bio-solids and temporary blankets. Blankets can be lifted into place at night then removed the following day prior to waste placement. The space that is occupied daily by the compacted waste and the cover material is called a daily cell.

Garbage is arranged into cells within the liner, each one holding a day's worth of refuse. Cells are compacted from several thousand tons into cubic yards by bulldozers, tractors, graders, and rollers. Once garbage is compacted, it is covered with several inches of soil and compacted again. The cells then become part of rows and layers of other cells, called lifts.

Landfills are designed to bury garbage, rather than break it down, making recycling and reuse a helpful alternative.

There are nine (9) active controlled dumpsites and Two(2) active landfills scattered all over Metro Manila. They cater to the waste generated from households, restaurants and businesses in 14 cities and 3 municipalities, which make up Metro Manila. Local government units own and operate them. Sizes and capacities vary.

Active controlled dumpsites in Metro Manila

Name and LocationPier 18, City of Manila Payatas, Quezon City Rodriguez, Montalban Bagumbong, Caloocan Lingunan, Valenzuela Pulang lupa, Las Pinas Lupang Arenda, Taytay Dona Petra, Marikina Tanza, Cavite Catmon, Malabon

Year opened1999 1973 2002 no data no data 2002 1995 1994 2002 1986

Area (hectares) 10 22 14 2.5 13 3 40-80 2 11 5

Daily (tons) 750,000 2,200 1,200 35 180 300

capacity

has unknown amount 160 800 210

Total 162.5 has 755,085++ tons Source: Westfall, Matthew and Nicholas Allen. The Garbage Book: Solid Waste Management in Metro Manila. Asian

1. Navotas Sanitary Landfill - Phil Ecology Systems Corp. is handling the operations and management of the sanitary landfill in metro manila, the forty (40) -hectares Navotas sanitary landfill (NSLF). Adhering to strict standard and specification in compliance with Republic Act 9003, the Navotas Sanitary Landfill accommodates up to one thousand (1,000) Metric tons of municipals solid waste every day. Similar to other popular bay area landfill of San Francisco, Tokyo, HongKong and Singapore, landing craft transport (LCT) barges are used wherein trucks unload the waste directly onto waiting barges. Bio- enzymes, which also acts as a deodorizer, is sprayed during unloading. The waste materials are delivered into the active cell where it spread and compacted. As a last step waste is covered with six inches of soil as an intermediate cover and protection from vermin

Area

- 9.70 Ha. Waste Intake - 7,000 cum./day Average Wt. - 1,402 TPD Waste Density - 1,402 TPD Average Daily Truck Trips- 500 trips/day Ironically,

it was called Promised Land or Lupang Pangako.

Before its conversion into a Controlled Dump

Facility, it has been a dumpsite for Metro Manilas wastes since 1973.

Montalban& San Mateo, Rizal Quezon City

Original

Payatas Estate

QC

Govt designated 23.3 hectares of the estate to become a dumpsite. In 1993, Former President Fidel V. Ramos closed Smokey Mountain in Tondo.

In 1998, the newly elected President Joseph Estrada was challenged by the previous president Fidel V. Ramos to do something about Payatas.

Considering

Payatas Dumpsite as an eyesore, President Estrada ordered it closed. (September 1998) Force For the Development of Payatas Closure Housing

Task

Due

to the lack of alternative dumping areas for the waste of NCR, the Payatas Dumpsite has been re-opened but has been reserved for the use of Quezon City only.

Payatas had a Trashslide. During the early morning of July 10, 2000, after several days of rain, a massive 50ft wall of solid waste slides down on the shanties immediately adjacent to the dump. To this day, there is no firm headcount of lives that were needlessly lost.

Trucks dump their loads and let the garbage be scavenged.

STEP 3Only a few minutes are allowed to scavenge the load from the last truck before a bulldozer is covering the load to make space for a new truck to dump.

REPUBLIC ACT 9003 January 26, 2001 Compliance with R.A. 9003 ECOLOGICAL AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN To extend the life of the disposal facility for SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, CREATING THE the least another 2 1/2 years at NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL the people living near To ensure safety ofMECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES, DECLARING CERTAIN of the dumpsite and eliminate the risk ACTS PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING PENALTIES, another trash slide APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND To provide livelihood PURPOSES to FOR OTHER opportunity

payatas residents.

1.Slope Stabilization Dumpsite slopes, which previously ranged from a steep 6070 degrees were reduced through side cutting and terracing and maintained at a more stable angle of 2325 degrees.

2. Greening of Slopes Vetiver grass and other ornamentals were planted along the slopes and benches, particularly in the Old Dumpsite, to stabilize the slopes against erosion.

3. Drainage System Improvement The open canals and ditches along the periphery of the dumpsite, which serve as catch basin for surface water run-off from the dumpsite and adjacent areas, were widened and maintained through regular dredging to ensure efficient free flow of water while piled sandbags were used to prevent wash-up of the toe of the dumpsite. Open canals were also made along the slope benches to catch the runoff from the upper benches.

4. Leachate Collection and RecirculationThe leachate collected go to pumping stations where it is recirculated onto the soilcapped mounds to water the vetiver grass and other plants. This not only improves the quality of the leachate through aeration but also enhances decomposition of the compacted waste.

5. Gas Venting and Recovery The project aims of prevent the occurrence of fire and explosion due to the flammable gases in the dumpsite. It aims to reduce not only foul odor and greenhouse gases, but also the risks of groundwater contamination and damage to existing vegetation.

6. Composting and Materials Recovery Facilities The site has a Biodegradable Waste Processing Facility, equipped with a shredder sifter, where organic wastes are processed to become composts. It also has a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) for recycling, storage and for primary, secondary and final sorting of wastes. These are helpful in reducing the risks environmental disasters.

7. Dumpsite Security and Safety 8. Perimeter Fence

ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT

Zero Waste Management HistoryChemist Paul Palmer

Dr. Metodio Palaypay

Applications

ZWM Benefits

ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT

ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT

ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT

ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT

ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT

ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT

ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT

ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT

ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT