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Transcript of Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA...
![Page 1: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
What is solar power?
R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA
Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU
![Page 2: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
What is solar power?
• Electrical flow derived from solar radiation.
![Page 3: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Advantages
• Solar power is… – Renewable
![Page 4: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Energy Incident in US
Kansas – about 5,000Whrs per square meter per day
![Page 5: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Advantages
• Solar power is… – Renewable– Environmentally Sound
![Page 6: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Advantages
• Solar power is… – Renewable– Environmentally Sound– Versatile
![Page 7: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Disadvantages – the four Ds
• Solar power is…
![Page 8: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Disadvantages – the four Ds
• Solar power is… – Diurnal
![Page 9: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Disadvantages – the four Ds
• Solar power is… – Diurnal– Diffuse
Net emergy ratio
Solar heatersPhotovoltaics
Oil
Hydro-electricity
Coal
Geo-thermal Tide
Natural gas
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fussion
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 2 4 6 8 10
Concentration
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Disadvantages – the four Ds
• Solar power is… – Diurnal– Diffuse– Dis-efficient– De-inexpensive
![Page 11: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Disadvantages – the four Ds
• Solar power is… – Diurnal– Diffuse– (Dis)efficient ??– (Dis)inexpensive ??
![Page 12: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Power Systems
• Concentrating Solar Power – Thermic (heat driven)
• Photovoltaics– Photic (light driven)
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Concentration Systems
• Harness heat to generate electricity. – Heat used to create steam to turn turbine
• turbine makes electricity
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Concentration Systems
• Troughs. Kramer Junction Facility, CA
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Concentration Systems
• Power Towers.
Solar Two Facility, 10 MW
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Concentration Systems
• Parabolic Dishes.
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Concentration Systems
• Harness heat to generate electricity. – Heat used to run engine.
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Concentration Systems
• Dish Stirling (Stirling Energy Systems) – Heat used for engine (Stirling Engine) that makes
electricity.
![Page 19: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Concentration SystemsSES Dish
Sterling.
Peak production:
25 kW
![Page 20: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Concentration Systems - Applications
• Power Plants.
Kramer Junction Trough Plant
Seville, Spain Power Tower Facility
Model Dish Stirling Plant
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics
• Light energy converted to electrical energy. – based on properties of silicon.
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Applications
• Power plants.
Serpa Power Plant, Portugal.
Peak production:
11 mW
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Applications
• Power plants.• Building-scale
(distributed)
Zero-Energy Home
![Page 25: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Applications
• Power plants.• Building-scale
(distributed)– Can be on or
off grid
Zero-Energy Home
![Page 26: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Applications
• Power plants.• Building-scale
(distributed)– Can be on or
off grid
Project Solar House
![Page 27: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics – Building Scale
• Array
Zero-Energy Home
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics – Building Scale
• Array• Inverter system
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics – Building Scale
• Array• Inverter system• Storage System
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Applications
• Power plants.• Building-scale
(distributed) • Point-of-Use
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Applications
• Power plants.• Building-scale
(distributed) • Point-of-Use
![Page 32: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Applications
• Power plants.• Building-scale
(distributed) • Point-of-Use
![Page 33: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Applications
• Power plants.• Building-scale
(distributed) • Point-of-Use
![Page 34: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Applications
• Power plants.• Building-scale
(distributed) • Point-of-Use
![Page 35: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Applications
• Power plants.• Building-scale
(distributed) • Point-of-Use
![Page 36: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Applications
• Power plants.• Building-scale
(distributed) • Point-of-Use
![Page 37: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Applications
• Power plants.• Building-scale
(distributed) • Point-of-Use
![Page 38: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Applications
• Power plants.• Building-scale
(distributed) • Point-of-Use
![Page 39: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Innovations
• Amorphous Silicon
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Innovations
• Amorphous Silicon• Thin Film
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Innovations
• Amorphous Silicon• Thin Film• Translucent PV• Organic PVs
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - Innovations
• Amorphous Silicon• Thin Film• Translucent PV• Organic PVs
![Page 43: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - BIPVs
solar shingles
Rooftop applications
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - BIPVs
solar laminate
Rooftop applications
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - BIPVs
horizontal lights
Rooftop applications
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - BIPVs
Hong Kong Science Park
200 kW peak production
Facade applications
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Photovoltaics - BIPVs
Hong Kong Science Park
200 kW peak production
Facade applications
![Page 48: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Power Systems - Capacities
• In Use (as of 2006).– Photovoltaics
– Concentrator Systems
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Power Systems - Capacities
• Photovoltaics In Use (as of 2006).– 8,800 MW in use.
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Power Systems - Capacities
1,744 MW
(mostly distributed installations)
• Photovoltaics Installed (in 2006).– Photovoltaics
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Power Systems - Capacities
8,800 MW
524 MW (most in US)
• Installed (by 2006).– Photovoltaics
– Concentrator Systems
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Power Systems - Capacities
• Under Construction.3,800 MW produced in 2007
(mostly distributed installations)
115 MW (all in Spain)
– Photovoltaics
– Concentrator Systems
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Power Systems - Capacities
• Over 13,000 MW power installed or under construction.– Enough to power 2.5 million US homes
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Power Systems - Capacities
• Announced.Lots.California: 3,000 MW by 2010Japan: 5,000 MW by 2010Germany: 20% renewable by 2020
4,000 MW (2300 MW are US installations)
– Photovoltaics
– Concentrator Systems
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Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Power Systems - Capacities
Photovoltaic
Japan: World leader in PV use and manufacture
1992 – 32 MW of PV power installed
1997 – 70,000 Roofs plan begins
Government subsidizes PV installation, promotes massive publicity campaign, encourages developer participation
2002 – 70,000 Roofs plan terminated; net result: 144,000 Solar
Roofs installed
2003 – 887 MW PV power in use
2010 – 4810 MW (projected)
New manufacture of PV per year, in MW
![Page 56: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Power Systems - Capacities
Photovoltaic
Japan: World leader in PV use and manufacture
1992 – 32 MW of PV power installed
1997 – 70,000 Roofs plan begins
Government subsidizes PV installation, promotes massive publicity campaign, encourages developer participation
2002 – 70,000 Roofs plan terminated; net result: 144,000 Solar
Roofs installed
2003 – 887 MW PV power in use
2010 – 4810 MW (projected)
New manufacture of PV per year, in MW
![Page 57: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Power Systems - Capacities
Photovoltaic
Japan: World leader in PV use and manufacture
1992 – 32 MW of PV power installed
1997 – 70,000 Roofs plan begins
Government subsidizes PV installation, promotes massive publicity campaign, encourages developer participation
2002 – 70,000 Roofs plan terminated; net result: 144,000 Solar
Roofs installed
2003 – 887 MW PV power in use
2010 – 4810 MW (projected)
New manufacture of PV per year, in MW
![Page 58: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Power Systems - Capacities
Photovoltaic
Japan: World leader in PV use and manufacture
1992 – 32 MW of PV power installed
1997 – 70,000 Roofs plan begins
Government subsidizes PV installation, promotes massive publicity campaign, encourages developer participation
2002 – 70,000 Roofs plan terminated; net result: 144,000 Solar
Roofs installed
2003 – 887 MW PV power in use
2010 – 4810 MW (projected)
New manufacture of PV per year, in MW
![Page 59: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Solar Power Systems - Capacities
Photovoltaic
Japan: World leader in PV use and manufacture
1992 – 32 MW of PV power installed
1997 – 70,000 Roofs plan begins
Government subsidizes PV installation, promotes massive publicity campaign, encourages developer participation
2002 – 70,000 Roofs plan terminated; net result: 144,000 Solar
Roofs installed
2003 – 887 MW PV power in use
2010 – 4810 MW (projected)
New manufacture of PV per year, in MW
![Page 60: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• Efficiency – how much fuel energy is converted to electrical energy
![Page 61: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• How efficient is solar energy?
![Page 62: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• How efficient is solar energy?– Photovoltaics: 10-15% on average (high as 22%)
![Page 63: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• How efficient is solar energy?– Photovoltaics: 10-15% on average (high as 20%)
Gen-2 cell.
22% efficient
![Page 64: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• How efficient is solar energy?– Photovoltaics: 10-15% on average (high as 20%)
• Monocrystalline limit: 25%• Polycrystalline limit: 20%• Amorphous/thin film: 10%
SunPower’s SPR-315.
19.3% efficient
![Page 65: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• How efficient is solar energy?– Photovoltaics: 10-15% on average (high as 22%)
• Monocrystalline limit: 25%• Polycrystalline limit: 20%• Amorphous/thin film: 10%
– Parabolic troughs: 21%– Power towers: 23%– Dish engines: 29.4%
Kyocera’s SPR-315.
18.4% efficient
![Page 66: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• How efficient is solar energy?– Photovoltaics: 10-15% on average (high as 22%)
• Monocrystalline limit: 25%• Polycrystalline limit: 20%• Amorphous/thin film: 10%
– Parabolic troughs: 21%– Power towers: 23%– Dish engines: 29.4%
Uni-solar Membrane.
9.3% efficient
![Page 67: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• How efficient is solar energy?– Photovoltaics: 10-15% on average (high as 22%)
• Monocrystalline limit: 25%• Polycrystalline limit: 20%• Amorphous/thin film: 10%
– Parabolic troughs: 21%– Power towers: 23%– Dish engines: 29.4%
![Page 68: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• How efficient are conventional power plants?
![Page 69: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Coal efficiency
![Page 70: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• How efficient are conventional power plants?
![Page 71: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• How efficient are conventional power plants?
32%
![Page 72: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• How efficient is solar energy?– Photovoltaics: 10-15% on average (high as 20%)– Parabolic troughs: 21%– Power towers: 23%– Dish engines: 29.4%– Coal plants: 32%
![Page 73: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• How expensive is solar energy?– capital costs– operating costs– maintenance costs
![Page 74: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• Capital cost – how much to start generating power– Coal fired power plant
• Highwood Generating Station– Southern Montana Electric. 250 MW Plant estimated to cost $720 million - $2.88 per watt
![Page 75: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• Photovoltaics - $8-10 per watt• Solar Concentrator Systems – $4-10 per watt
• Stirling Energy System – roughly $250k for 25kW system• they anticipate that the dish could be made for $100k or less• Parabolic troughs $4-5 per watt
![Page 76: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• Capital costs for Solar Power Systems are on the decline
• Photovoltaics
![Page 77: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• Solar Concentrator Systems • Dish Stirling could be made for $100k or less• Simply doubling size of plant reduces cost per watt by 15%• If power plant sizes reach 100-200MW, plant costs are
projected to be comparable to coal plants.– Dish Stirling - $2.65/watt– Parabolic Troughs - $2.88/watt– Power Tower - $2.73/watt
![Page 78: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• Operating costs– Coal plants: fuel– Solar power systems: no fuel
![Page 79: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• Cost figures for PVs include cost of system– Coal plants: fuel – costs from 2.5-4 cents per kWh
• 8-14 cents to consumer in US– PVs: 20-30 cents per kWh
![Page 80: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
Efficiency & Expense
• Why so different?– Solar power includes capital costs
![Page 81: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
How do we increase solar power use?
– Rebates for installations– Net metering laws – electric companies buy excess
electricity at market prices– Set policy
• Ohio, Colorado – 2.5% solar “carve-out”• Germany• KU – student referendum
![Page 82: Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU rtodd@ksu.edu.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649d935503460f94a7a776/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential
What is solar power?
R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA
Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU