Solar Panels: Our Future May Lie in its Hands
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Transcript of Solar Panels: Our Future May Lie in its Hands
Solar Panels:Our Future May Lie in its HandsLee Liak Ghee (10) Tay Wee Shing Kervin (23)
Loh Wei Kiat (12) Class: 2I3
Agenda
About Solar Panels
Proposal for New Solar Panel Project @ HCI
How to Make Solar Panels – The Eco-Friendly Way
Consumption of Electricity @ 2I3 Classroom – Worth?
Solar-Powered Devices
Future Applications of Solar Panels
Quiz
Website
Bibliography
About Solar PanelsSome Background Information to Start Off
Agenda (About Solar Panels)
Solar Panels Application
Types of Solar Panels
Monocrystalline Solar Panel
Polycrystalline Solar Panels
String Ribbon Silicon Solar Panel
Amorphous Silicon Solar Panel
Angle of Inclination
Solar Panels Application
Makes Use of Photovoltaics to Convert Light into Electricity
Some Materials have the Photoelectric Effect which Absorb Protons & Releases Electrons
Electricity Produced can be Used as Electricity when Free Electrons are Captured
Types of Solar Panels
Monocrystalline Solar Panels
Polycrystalline Solar Panels
String Ribbon Silicon Panels
Amorphous Silicon Panels
Monocrystalline Solar Panel
Most Effective Solar Panel –
Efficiency Rate from 14% to 18%
Made from Silicon
Material Increases Conductivity & Excite more Electrons for More Electricity
Most Expensive Method
Polycrystalline Solar Panels
Slightly Less Effective than Monocrystalline
Efficiency Rate From 12% to 14%
Made up of Individual Photovoltaic Cells
Cheapest and Most Cost-Efficient Solar Panel
String Ribbon Silicon Solar Panel
Similar to Polycrystalline in Terms of Efficiency Rate & Construction Method
Cost of Production is Slightly more Expensive than Polycrystalline
Amorphous Silicon Solar Panel
Lowest Efficiency Rate From 5% to 6%
Only Made of Semi-Conductor Materials like Copper
Extremely Cheap, but Not Worth it in the Long Run
Angle of Inclination
Solar Panels are NEVER Placed Flat
Differing Inclination Angles in Different Countries
To Maximise Efficiency Rate
Prevents Dust from Collecting/Rainwater to Flow Down
Optimum 17 Degrees in Singapore
Proposed New Solar Panel Project @ HCIWe Can Play Our Part Too
Agenda (Proposed Solar Panel Project)
Solar Panel Project Application
Current Statistics @ HCI
New Project Statistics
Conclusion
Solar Panel Project Applications
New Project to be @ High School Multi-Story Carpark
Current Statistics @ HCI
Total number of Panels : 84
System Size : 15.120 kW
Total number of Inverters : 3 (each for a set of 28 panels)
Estimated Electricity Generated (Day) : 70 kWh
Estimated Electricity Generated (Month) : 2,100 kWh
Estimated Electricity Generated (Year) : 25,550 kWh
Estimated Saving per year : $7,200
Estimated Carbon Reduction per year : 8 tons
System turn on date : 15 June 2011
Years to date Electric to grid : 3,220 kWh
New Project Statistics
Total number of Panels : 84 + 293 = 377
System Size : 15.120 kW + (738.72 kW / 14 = 53.766 kW) = 68.886 kW
Total number of Inverters : 3 + (293/28 rounded up = 11) = 14 (each for a set of 28 panels)
Estimated Electricity Generated (Day) : 70 kWh + (293 * 70/84 = 244 kWh) = 314 kWh
Estimated Electricity Generated (Month) : 2,100 kWh + (244 * 30 = 7,320 kWh) = 8,420 kWh
Estimated Electricity Generated (Year) : 25,550 kWh + (244 * 365 = 89,060 kWh) = 114,610 kWh
Estimated Saving per year : $7,200 + (7,200/84 * 293 = $25,114) = $32,314
Estimated Carbon Reduction per year : 8 tons + (8/84 * 293 = 28 tons) = 36 tons
Conclusion
Electricity Savings Per Year:
$22,533.23
Electricity Savings Over Solar Panels Life Period (25 Years):
$563,330.75
How to Make Solar PanelsThe Eco-Friendly Way
Agenda (How to Make Solar Panels)
Materials Needed
Experimental Procedure
End Results
FAQs
Materials Needed
Two Square-Shaped Pieces of Glass, measuring 3cm by 3cm
Titanium Dioxide (Very Expensive Chemical)
Any Species of Leaves/Flowers or Any Spread such as Jam/Kaya
Glucose
Experimental Procedure
Mix the Titanium Dioxide with the Glucose which will form a Liquid
Grind the Leaves/Flowers (If Being Used)
Apply the Liquid Formed on One Side of Each Glass
Put the Grinded Leaves/Flowers or Spread the Jam/Kaya on the Same Side of One Piece of the Glass
“Paste” the Two Glass Pieces Together
Allow Product to Dry under the Sun
End Results
Low Efficiency Rate, Compared to Average of 14%
Unable to Power Anything
Will Produce 0.000006kWh (Measured from Data logger)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Dose the Choice of Specimen Affect the Efficiency Rate of the Solar Panels?
No, but Specimens have a Variety of Colour tend to have better results
Does the Amount of Specimen Affect the Efficiency Rate of the Solar Panels?
Not Proven Yet, but there should not be an “Overdose” which will Cause the Product not to “Stick” Together
Electricity Consumption in HCIComparison Between Clock Tower and Block C Classrooms
Agenda (Electricity Consumption in HCI)
Class 2I3 Electrical Appliances
Class 2I3 Electricity Consumption
Class 2I3 Grand Total
Clock Tower Electrical Appliances
Clock Tower Electricity Consumption
Clock Tower Grand Total
Conclusion
Class 2I3 Electrical Appliances
Fans x 3 (7 Hours)
Lights x 6 (7 Hours)
Projector cum Visualizer x 1 (4 Hours)
Laptops x 5 (3 Hours)
Wi-Fi System x 1 (24 Hours)
Speakers x 2 (1/2 Hour)
Key:
Electrical Appliance x Quantity (Amount of Time used per Day)
Class 2I3 Electricity Consumption
Fan -55 Watts x 3 x 7 = 1155 Watts
Light – 25 Watts x 6 x 7 = 1050 Watts
Projector cum Visualizer -50 Watts x 1 x 4 = 200 Watts
Laptop – 35 Watts x 5 x 3 =525 Watts
Wi-Fi System – 7 Watts x 1 x 24 = 168 Watts
Speakers – 56 Watts x 2 x ½ = 56 Watts
Key:
Electrical Appliance - Electricity Consumption per Hour x Quantity x Amount of Hours Used per Day = Total Amount
Class 2I3 Grand Total
Grand Total of Electrical Consumption in Classroom per Day
= 3154 Watts/h or 3.154 kWh
Clock Tower Electrical Appliances
Fans x 3 (7 Hours)
Lights x 6 (7 Hours)
Projector cum Visualizer x 1 (4 Hours)
Laptops x 5 (3 Hours)
Wi-Fi System x 1 (24 Hours)
Speakers x 2 (1/2 Hour)
Air Conditioner x 1 (7 Hours)
Key:
Electrical Appliance x Quantity (Amount of Time used per Day)
Clock Tower Electricity Consumption
Fan -55 Watts x 3 x 7 = 1155 Watts
Light – 25 Watts x 6 x 7 = 1050 Watts
Projector cum Visualizer -50 Watts x 1 x 4 = 200 Watts
Laptop – 35 Watts x 5 x 3 =525 Watts
Wi-Fi System – 7 Watts x 1 x 24 = 168 Watts
Speakers – 56 Watts x 2 x ½ = 56 Watts
Air Conditioner – 3500 x 1 x 7 = 23500 Watts
Key:
Electrical Appliance - Electricity Consumption per Hour x Quantity x Amount of Hours Used per Day = Total Amount
Clock Tower Grand Total
Grand Total of Electrical Consumption in Classroom per Day
= 27654 Watts/h or 27.654 kW
Conclusion
Number of Classrooms (Non Air-Conditioned) to be Powered by Solar Panels:
Electricity Generated / Electrical Consumption in 1 Classroom
= 70 kWh / 3.154 kWh = 22.19
Solar-Powered DevicesHave You Seen them Today?
Agenda (Solar-Powered Devices)
Solar-Powered Phones
Solar-Powered Cars
Solar-Powered Calculators
Solar-Powered Boats
Solar-Powered Phones
Released by Samsung in 2009
Made from Eco-Friendly Materials
Cover Made from Recycled Bottles
Packaging Made from Recycled Paper
Has Built-In Pedometer & CO2 Emission Calculator
Solar-Powered Cars
Can Only Travel Up to 48 km/h on Average
Solar Cells Can be Added (Range: $10 - $400)
After “Upgrade”, Speed will be 2 Times Faster
Can Travel Up to 96 km/h
Solar-Powered Calculator
Doesn’t require battery
Powers as long as it is under light
Solar-Powered Boat
World’s largest solar powered boat
Speed of 15 miles per hour
Targets to tour the world
Future Applications of Solar PanelsThey May Save Mother Earth
Agenda (Future Applications)
“Lighthouse” Idea
Solar Panels on Planes
“Lighthouse” Idea
Solar Panels can ONLY Work During Daytime
To use Light from the “Lighthouse”
“Solar-Tracking System” to track “Lighthouse’s Light”
Rays are Directed Using Mirrors
Thus, Solar Panels can Work 24/7
Solar Panels on Planes
Planes Come into Direct Sunlight during Flight
Clouds Usually Affect Efficiency Rate of Solar Panels
Currently:
Proposing to Have More of These Planes, Including Passenger & Cargo Planes
Website
Here is the Link to Our Website:
http://hciterm4solar2i345.wiki.hci.edu.sg/
Solar Panels Quiz
Here’s the Link to the Quiz:http://www2.hci.edu.sg/y10hci0162/solarquiz/start.html
Bibliography
ABS Alaskan (2008, January 10). Power Consumption Table. Retrieved 27 September, 2011 from http://www.absak.com/library/power-consumption-table
Coolest Gadget (2011). World's Largest Solar-Powered Boat on a World Tour. Retrieved 26 September, 2011 from http://www.coolest-gadgets.com/20110902/worlds-largest-solarpowered-boat-world-tour/
How Stuff Works (2011). How Solar Cells Work. Retrieved 26 September, 2011 from http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell.htm
How Stuff Works (2011). How can solar panels power a car? Retrieved 26 September, 2011 from http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/vehicles/solar-cars.htm
Solar buzz. (2011). Solar Market Research and Analysis - Facts and Figures. Retrieved 28 September, 2011, from http://www.solarbuzz.com/facts-and-figures
Solar cell. (2011, September 28). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 29, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell
Bibliography
Solar panel. (2011, September 27). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 27, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel
Solar Panel Center. (2011). How Much Money Can Installing Solar Panels Really Save? Retrieved 27 September, 2011 from http://www.solarpanelcenter.net/How-Much-Money-Can-Installing-Solar-Panels-Really-Save.php
Solar Panel Center. (2011). Types of Solar Panels. Retrieved 27 September, 2011 from http://www.solarpanelcenter.net/Types-of-Solar-Panels.php
Technology Review. (2007, March 5). Cheap Nano Solar Cells. Retrieved 28 September, 2011 from http://www.technologyreview.com/Nanotech/18259/