Solar Energy Technologies--Contributing to a Robust Energy ... · Utah Kentucky Arkansas Oklahoma...
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Solar Energy Technologies -Contributing to a Robust
Energy Infrastructure
Solar Energy Technologies -Contributing to a Robust
Energy Infrastructure
John P. Thornton, P.E.
Solar Program ReviewMarch 24, 2003
John P. Thornton, P.E.
Solar Program ReviewMarch 24, 2003
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• Physical – Terrorism, natural disasters, accidents, global warming, and aging infrastructure
• Cyber – Malicious intrusion and inadvertent error
• System complexity– Cascading effects, critical nodes, and interdependencies
Our Energy Infrastructure Faces a Broad Spectrum of Threats
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• 158,000 miles of main electric transmission lines• 5,000 power plants (totaling 800,000 megawatts)• 2,000,000 miles of oil pipelines• 1,300,000 miles of gas pipelines• 2,000 petroleum terminals• 1,000,000 gas and oil wells• 150 oil refineries• 300 tankers (ships)• Plus much, much more!
Our Energy Infrastructure isDifficult to Protect
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• Oil: 11 million bbl/day (55% of our daily consumption)
• Natural gas: (15%)• Electricity (1%)
Our Imported Fuels
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U.S. Natural Gas Pipeline Systems and Liquefied Natural Gas Import Facilities 2001
LNG Import Facilities (Reactivation underway)
Legend
Interstate Pipelines
Intrastate and Other Pipelines
LNG Import Facilities (Active)
Indiana
North Dakota
Kansas
Maryland
Delaware
New Jersey
Virginia
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Vermont
New Hampshire
New York
Utah
Kentucky
ArkansasOklahoma
Mississippi
LouisianaAlabama
Texas
South Carolina
North Carolina
Florida
Nebraska
IllinoisIowa
Michigan
Ohio
New MexicoArizona
Colorado
Wyoming
Montana Minnesota
Wisconsin
California
Oregon
Washington
Maine
Georgia
Idaho
Missouri
Nevada
Pennsylvania
South Dakota
Tennessee
West Virginia
Source: Office of Oil and Gas, Energy Information Administration (EIA), United States Department of Energy. 033102c09
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Natural Gas Pipeline Capacity Serving theU.S. Marketplace
= Bi-directional
= Direction of Flow
12,000
3,0006,0009,000
15,000
0
Capacity (in Million Cubic Feet per Day)
as of December 2000
Source: Office of Oil and Gas, Energy Information Administration (EIA), United States Department of Energy. 033102e04
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Electric Power Plants in the U.S.
Source: Office of Oil and Gas, Energy Information Administration (EIA), United States Department of Energy.033102c07
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U.S. Electric Power Transmission Grid
Source: Office of Oil and Gas, Energy Information Administration (EIA), United States Department of Energy.033102c08
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Blackout! It Can Happen To You.July 2, 1996
Before AfterCoutesy Bill Becker DOE Denver Regional Office
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Power outages and power quality disturbances cost the U.S. economy more than $119 billion annually (Electric Power Research Institute, 2001)
Business Losses from Power Outages
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What is theValue of Electricity
if you don't have any?
What is theValue of Electricity
if you don't have any?
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• “…we will rely upon the genius and creativity of the American people. Our scientific community is serving on the front lines of this war by developing new technologies that will make America safer.”(President Bush, 2002)
• “… America’s vast science and technology base provides us with a key advantage.” (President Bush, 2002)
The Role of Technology in Energy Assurance
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• The President assigned the responsibility for insuring the robustness of the U.S. energy infrastructure to the Secretary of Energy (PDD-63, 1998)
• “Energy security is DOE’s #1 priority.”(Deputy Secretary Frank Blake’s charge to the Interlaboratory Task Force, December 2001)
How is DOE Involved?
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The Secretary of Energy considers the DOE National Laboratory system as key players in developing and transfering innovativetechnologies to the private sector, as well as state and local government.
Where do the Labs Fit In?
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“…identifying DOE technologies and capabilities that can protect our nation’s critical energy infrastructure and facilitating their use by the private sector and other federal agencies.”(memo creating the Interlaboratory Task Force from Deputy Secretary Frank Blake,November 2001)
The Mission of the InterlaboratoryTask Force
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• Reduced domestic energy consumption• Reduced dependence on imported fuels• Distributed generation• “Smart systems”• Resiliency• Diversification
The Key to a Robust Energy Infrastructure
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Business Week estimates that in 10 years, U.S. energy efficiency could be raised by 50% and reduce daily oil consumption by more than 27% (3 million bbl) per day – at less than the cost of a major oil price rise.
The Role of Energy Efficiency
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• Reduce dependence on imported oil• Reduce U.S. energy consumption and relieve stress
on infrastructure (self-sustaining buildings, SDHW and heating, utility and grid-connected power, as well as grid-independent power)
Mid- to Long-Term Opportunities for Solar Technologies in Energy Assurance
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• Buildings use 65% of electrical energy consumed annually
• Building energy consumption in 2000 was 36.4 quads, or more than 1/3 of total U.S. energy use
Typical U.S. Building Sector Energy Use
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A high-performance building using well-proven design features consumes 50% or more less energy than a conventional building
High-Performance Buildings
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EnergyEnergy--Efficient GridEfficient Grid--Connected PV HomeConnected PV Home((4 KW4 KWpkpk , Lakeland, Lakeland, FL), FL)
Totals for June 1998
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Control home PV home
Kilo
wat
t hou
rs (k
Wh) Utility
1839kWh
A/C only
Solar502 kWh
Utility335 kWh
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Just think what buildings that produce all or more of their energy needs could do to reduce demand!
“Zero Energy” Buildings
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• Prevention – Monitoring and detection• Mitigation – Disaster-resistant, self-sustaining buildings;
uninterruptible power (UPS), vandalism reduction, injury reduction
• Response – Emergency power• Recovery – Backup power (UPS)
Near-Term Opportunities for Solar Technologies in Energy Assurance
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Green Buildings are Disaster-Resistant
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Oil and Gas Field SCADA
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Pipeline Power
Courtesy: Kyocera Solar
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Refinery Protection/SCADA
Courtesy: Alternative Power Systems
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Pipeline Control and Monitoring
Coutesy: Alternative Power Systems
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Communications Power
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Emergency Power for Medical Clinics
Coutesy: Florida Solar Energy Center
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Mobile UPS
Courtesy: Live Oak Solar
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Emergency Operations
Courtesy: Live Oak Solar
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PV Systems are Disaster-Resistant
Before AfterCourtesy: Solar Outdoor Lighting
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For further information, contact:John ThorntonNational Renewable Energy [email protected]
Contact Information
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