Solar Cooking Case Study: Appropriate ICTs for Development in Nigeria
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Transcript of Solar Cooking Case Study: Appropriate ICTs for Development in Nigeria
A Solar Cooking Case Study: Appropriate ICTs for
Development in Nigeria
September 2005
Carole St. Laurent
(416) 762-2245
Project Background
Visited Oke-Ogun Community Development Network (OCDN) in Ago-Are, Oyo State, Nigeria (south-east) 10,000 people, farming community, OCDN
introduced computer training centre in 2003
No telephones; poor radio reception OCDN Internet café as of 2004
Project Background (cont’d)
Fantsuam Foundation (FF) is an organization in BayanLoco, near Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria (central)
Micro-finance, computer training, and Internet café
Partners with OCDN on some projects
Project Background (cont’d)
OCDN and FF: Prior interest in solar cooking Emailed and online instructions, text +
diagrams, were not successfully implemented
Would video be a more effective training medium due to literacy, oral culture, and its richer communication possibilities through audio and visual content?
Benefits of Audiovisuals
We retain:* 10% of what we read 20% of what we hear 30% of what we see 50% of what we hear and see 70% of what we say 90% of what we say and do
*Robert Pike, as cited in Javidi, Giti and Sheybani, Ehsan. 2004. Effects Of Interactive Multimedia In Distance Learning. http://www-ice.upc.es/butlleti/innsbruck/416-114.pdf (updated Feb. 2004; accessed Aug. 20, 2005).
SC Project Created
Result: Solar Cooking Video Project Goals:
SC outreach in two communities to improve economic well-being, health, and the environment
Via local Solar Cooking (SC) Training Videos Evaluate their effectiveness
Solar Cooking Training Video Production Training Website Development/Online Tools
Training
Importance of Solar Cooking
“In some locations, many families are said to spend nearly a quarter of their income on firewood.”*
Coal, Kerosene and oil are even more costly Nigeria will be completely deforested in 2020
at current depletion rates** 70% of Nigerians live on < US$1 per day*** Renewable Energy for Rural Industrialization and Development in Nigeria, UNIDO,
2003
**Environment and Energy for Poverty Reduction Programme, Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and UNDP, May 20, 2004
Importance of Solar Cooking (cont’d)
Over 1,100 people die each day in sub-Saharan Africa due to illness caused by cooking smoke – mostly women and children.*
Collecting firewood and cooking over a fire is a significant burden on women
*African Networks for Health Research and Development (AFRO-NETS). 2004. Indoor Air Pollution - The Killer in the Kitchen. http://www.afronets.org/archive/200410/msg00058.php (updated Oct. 15, 2004; accessed Aug. 12, 2005)
Importance of Solar Cooking (cont’d)
46% of Nigerians lack clean water* Typhoid fever, and other water-borne
diseases, cause significant health problems in Nigeria**
Solar cookers can pasteurize water and prevent diseases and untimely deaths.
*Environment and Energy for Poverty Reduction Programme, Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and UNDP, May 20, 2004
**Dr. Chris Azukaeme, Kafanchan, Nigeria
CooKit Panel Solar Cooker
Rashid Adesiyan checking water in CooKit Panel Solar Cooker, Ago-Are, Nigeria (Note: the pot must be put in a clear plastic bag for effective solar cooking)
Box Solar Cooker
Box Solar Cooker with Glass Lid, Ago-Are, Nigeria (with Rukayat Adewumi, front, and Grace, back)
Parabolic Solar Cooker
Parabolic Solar Cooker, BayanLoco, Nigeria (left to right: Maria Ajayi, Pastor David Adesokan, Ezekiel Kyari)
Ago-Are Community,South-western Nigeria
Community
Project Overview
Carole St. Laurent
Trainer / Researcher
Oke-Ogun Community Development Network
ICT Training, Internet Café
BayanLoco Community,Central Nigeria
Community
Fantsuam Foundation
Micro-finance, ICT Training , Internet Café
Project Outputs
Two Nigerian NGOs gained skills in: Solar Cooking Video Production Simple Website Production
Two Solar Cooking Videos were created: How to Solar Cook (in Hausa) How to Build a Box Solar Cooker (in Yoruba)
Project Outputs (cont’d)
Preliminary Research indicates that: Video effectively communicates general
solar cooking information, motivations, use, recipes
Complex instructions need more support (e.g., video improvements, interactive training method, or hands-on practice)
Diffusion of Innovations
Diffusions of Innovations (DOI) is a popular model for development – e.g., agricultural extension agents reach some farmers, who reach their neighbours with new innovations
Huge problem: sometimes only 14% of message reaches neighbours, and 25% of it is distorted
Video + Diffusion Efforts = Improvement
Video improves the diffusion of innovations model: Improves access to 100% of the original
message, without distortions This allows successful implementation of
the innovation, versus trying and failing due to inadequate knowledge
50% of audiovisual material retained, versus 10% of messages that are heard
Video + Diffusion Efforts = Improvement (cont’d)
Increased success with innovation will increase its spread (otherwise, a good innovation could receive a poor reputation and its benefits be missed out on by communities)
The best way to share the information is from local actors in the local language with local modifications e.g., locally created videos
Project Outputs (cont’d)
More educated community members grasped solar cooking principles more quickly, and took stronger leadership roles in workshops
Points to effective use of video in “train the trainer model”
Communicating for Change in Nigeria uses this model with videos, primarily for HIV/AIDS awareness
ICT4D Historical Development Pyramid
Focus on ICT4D (applications, software, processes)
TI
ME
Focus on Digital Divide, Infrastructure (phones, Internet, electricity)
Development goals remained unmet. ICTs alone have a limited impact on development.
Activity
Literacy, ICT skills, language, gender, content relevance and language, and social needs are critical enabling factors.
ICTs “by the people for the people,” based on local context, language, and needs.
Lessons Learned
Focus on local content creation (new fonts, localised software)
OCDN – Some of the People
L to R: Chief Adejumo*, Chief Adetola*, Pam McLean+, Education Minister, Chief Mojoinola*, David Mutua~
*Board of Directors
+Volunteer/Founder from UK
~Project Manager, 2003-2004
Rukayat Adewumi, OCDN Trainer (2005 - )
L to R: Internet Customer, Carole St. Laurent, Rukayat Adewumi, Photocopy Customer, at the OCDN Info Centre
Building a Box Solar Cooker
David Mutua (L), shows people how to construct a box solar cooker at OCDN Info Centre, Ago-Are.
Enjoying Soccer, OCDN
The new Television Viewing Centre attracts customers for soccer games, and is available for educational programs such as the solar cooking training.
Video Training, FF
Carole leading the first Video Production course at Fantsuam Foundation ICT training centre, Kafanchan.