SOL 2015 -1st Issue

1nrhy; Kjyhk; miuahz;L 2015

Kjyhk; miuahz;L - 2015ISSN 1391-958X

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ruit Nehf;FFfepjp FfNerd;

ml;il kw;Wk; gf;fq;fs; tbtikg;GNtyhAjk; n[ar;rpj;uh

ml;ilg; glk;

nejhyp nrhaprh

rQ;rpif ntspaPLngz;fs; kw;Wk; Clff; $l;likg;G

56/1> rurtp Nyd;> fhry; tPjp> nfhOk;G - 8> ,yq;if.

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ngz;zpaj;jpd; kfj;Jtk;

2 nrhy; Kjyhk; miuahz;L 2015

ehk; nrhy;y tpUk;GtJ...

iwe;jJ %d;W jrhg;j fhykhf ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;wpy; NghUk; mJ rhu;e;j mk;rq;fSNk Kf;fpa ,lj;jpidg; ngw;wpUe;jd. r%fk;> nghUshjhuk;> fyhrhuk;

kw;Wk; murpay; rhu;e;j tpOkpaq;fSk;> Nghu; rhu;e;j tplaq;fSf;$lhf mu;j;jg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba fl;lhak; epytpaJ. vkJ fy;tpapYk; tuyhWfs; vt;thW fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd vd;gjpYk; NghUk; mjid cUthf;fpa fhuzpfSk; mit rhu;e;j murpaYk; gyj;j jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd. ,tw;wpd; ntspg;ghlhf cUthfpa nray;thjq;fSk; khw;Wr; rpe;jidfSk; rpy Kf;fpa ntspfis tpl gue;Jgl;Lr; nry;y Kbatpy;iy. mtrufhy epiyg;ghLfSk; cldbahff; ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba NjitfSNk vkJ rpe;jid ntspfspy; mjpf jhf;fj;jpidr; nrYj;jpapUe;jd.

fle;j MW tUlfhykhd NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd ,yq;ifapYk; ,e;epiyg;ghl;by; ngupastpyhd khw;wk; Vw;gltpy;iy. murpay; uPjpahd khw;wq;fs; MNuhf;fpag; ghijfis typAWj;jpdhYk; ajhu;j;jj;jpy; khw;wq;fs; ,d;Dk; czug;gltpy;iy. Fwpg;ghf xJf;fg;gl;l> cupikfs; kWf;fg;gl;l r%fq;fs; ,d;Dk; tYg;ngwj; njhlq;ftpy;iy. Mjyhy; khw;Wepiy ntspg;gug;Gf;fs;> fUj;jpay; cUthf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; njspTfs; ,d;dKk; Muk;g epiyapNyNa cs;sd. Fwpg;ghfg; Nghupdhy; Neubahfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;l tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;Fg; gpuNjrq;fspy; ,JNt vkJ ajhu;j;jkhFk;. kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l ntspg;ghLfis jdjhf;fpa fUg;nghUl;fspy; xd;Wjhd; ngz;fspd; ghypay; my;yJ ghypay;G kw;Wk; ,dtpUj;jpr; Rfhjhuk; rhu;e;j cupikfshFk;.

ngz;fspd; ,dtpUj;jpr; Rfhjhuk; ngUk;ghYk; jha;ikapd; mbg;gilapNyNa mu;j;jg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. jha;ik vd;W tUk;NghJ mq;F ngz;fspd; cupikfis tpl Foe;ijapd; cupikfNs Kjd;ikg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ghypay;G vd;W tUk;NghJ ngz;fSf;Fk; mjw;Fk; rk;ge;jNk ,y;iy vd;w epiyg;ghNl r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;epiyg;ghl;ilf; Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;FtNjhL khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; ntspg;gug;Gf;fs; Nghjpastpy; ,y;iy. ,q;F r%fk; kw;Wk; fyhrhu uPjpahd gy fl;likg;Gf;fSk; tpOkpaq;fSk; Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;fg;gl Ntz;ba NjitAs;sJ. ,J ,yFthd tplaKky;y.

vkJ r%fq;fspy; ,tw;iwf; Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;Fk; ngz;fisj; jpUk;gTk; Nfypf;Fs;shf;Fk; epiyNa mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Mjyhy; ,t;thwhd nray;thjg; gazq;fisj; jkjhf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; ngz;fs; gyjug;gl;l tifapy; jk;ik ty;yikg;gLj;JtNjhL nghUj;jkhd mZF Kiwfisj; Nju;e;njLf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,jw;Ff; fhyKk; epGzj;JtKk; rf nray;thjpfspd; gq;fspg;Gk; mtrpakhfpd;wJ.

,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jkl;by; ,Jtiu fhyKk; ehk; gof;fg;gl;Lg; Nghd khw;Wtopr; rpe;jid kuGfs; nfhLj;j mDgtf; fy;tpapypUe;J mjpf ftdj;ij my;yJ cupik mbg;gilapyhd ghu;itfisg; ngw;wpuhj fUj;JUthf;fq;fisAk; nray;thjg; gug;Gf;fisAk; cUthf;Fk; jUzk; ,JthFk;.

me;jtifapy; ngz;fsJ ghypay; my;yJ ghypay;G kw;Wk; ,dtpUj;jp rk;ge;jg;gl;l cupik mbg;gilapyhd mu;j;jg;ghLfSf;Ff; fsk; mikf;Fk; xU Kaw;r;rpNa ,e;jg; gjpg;ghFk;. ,it njhlu;ghf Vw;fdNt jq;fsJ nray;thjg; gazq;fis my;yJ Nghuhl;lq;fis Muk;gpj;Js;s ngz;fs; cupikr; nray;thjpfSld; gq;Nfw;gjpy; nrhy; kfpo;tilfpd;wJ.

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,r; 'nrhy;" rthy; ghypay;> ,dtpUj;jp Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; cupikfs; njhlHgpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. ,e;j tplak; njhlHgpy; Njrpa uPjpapYk;> rHtNjr uPjpapYk; fye;JiuahLtjw;Fk;> ciuahLtjw;Fk; cfe;j re;jHg;gkhf ,e;j tplak; cs;sJ.

mgptpUj;jpia fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhd Gjpa tif ,yf;Ffis epHzapg;gjw;F rHtNjr r%fk; ftdk; nrYj;jp tUk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd tUlkhf 2015 cs;sJ. ,e;j ,yf;Ffs; - jw;NghJ 17 cs;sd. jw;NghJ epiyj;jpUf;ff; $ba mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffs; vdg; ngauplg;gl;Ls;sd. mLj;J tUk; jrhg;jq;fSf;fhd mgptpUj;jpf;fhd topfhl;liy ,it fl;likf;Fk;.

ehk; Gj;jhapukhk; Mz;L mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffspy; (Millennium Development Goals-MDGs) ,Ue;J epiyahd mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffspid (Sustainable Development Goals-SDG) Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; ,e;j #o;epiyapy; ngz;fspd; kdpj cupikfs; kjpf;fg;gLtjid> ghJfhf;fg;gLtjid kw;Wk; g+Hj;jp nra;ag;gLtjid ehk; cWjp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,g;Gj;jhapukhz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy;> ghypay;> ,dtpUj;jp Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; cupikfs; njhlHgpy; ngz;fspd; kw;Wk; rpWkpfspd; tho;f;ifia fl;likf;Fk; ,uz;L mk;rq;fs;

njhlHgpy; ehk; ftdk; nrYj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,yq;if cs;slq;fyhf gy ehLfspy; gUtkhdtHfs; kw;Wk; ,isQHfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupj;Jr; nry;Yjy; vd;w KjyhtJ> kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd Fbg;guk;gpay; tplakhFk;. vdNt> ,isQHfs;> Fwpg;ghf rpWkpfspd; kdpj cupikfs; kw;Wk; ghypay;> ,dtpUj;jp Rfhjhu kw;Wk; cupikfSld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l tpNrl Njitfis milahsg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; midj;J KiwikfSk; mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. kpfTk; Kf;fpakhf> njhlHr;rpahf gyte;jkhd ifJfs;> td;Kiw kw;Wk; mur> mur rhuhj nraw;ghl;lhsHfspd; gy;tifahd ghugl;rj;jpw;F cs;shfp tUk; Xupdr; NrHf;ifahsHfs;> ,UghYwtpdH> kw;Wk; jpUeq;iffs;> ghy;tpidj; njhopyhsHfs; Nghd;w xJf;fg;gl;l kw;Wk; ,yFtpy; ghjpf;fg;glf; $ba FOf;fspd; kdpj cupikfis ehk; cWjp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ghugl;rkpd;wp midj;J kf;fspdJk; kdpj cupikfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf ehk; gzpahw;Wtjid cWjp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

Rfhjhuk;> Cl;lr;rj;J> fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy;fs; njhlHgpy; mgptpUj;jp Kaw;rpfs; midj;jpYk; mtrpak; ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;> ngz;fs; kw;Wk; rpWkpaHfs; td;Kiwapdpd;W ghJfhg;ghfTk;> Rje;jpukhfTk; ,Ug;gJ


Fwpj;J ftdk; nrYj;jg;gly; mtrpakhFk;. rpWtHfs; kw;Wk; rpWtaJj; jpUkzq;fs; Nghd;w tplaq;fs; Fwpj;Jk; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. gpurtj;jpd; Nghjhd kuzq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;F ehk; vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ njhlHgpy; ghypay; ,dtpUj;jp Rfhjhu kw;Wk; cupikfs; (Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights-SRHR) MdJ ftdk; nrYj;Jk; mNjNtis> cyfshtpa uPjpapy; kfg;Ngw;W kuzj;jpw;F fhuzkhf mikAk; ghJfhg;gw;w fUf;fiyg;gpd; mjpf Mgj;Jf;fs; Fwpj;Jk; ,yq;if jPtpu ftdk; nrYj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. kiwKfkhf mjpfstpy; eilngWk; fUf;fiyg;G Fwpj;j cz;ikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F ehk; jaq;fp tUfpd;Nwhk;. fUf;fiyg;gpid Fw;wkw;wjhf;Ftjw;fhd murpay; kw;Wk; xOq;FrhH jhHkPf Kidg;G ,d;wp ehk; ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;.

,isQHfSf;F KOikahd ghypay; fy;tpia tpidj;jpwDld; mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjpy; ,Ue;J ehk; xJq;fpapUf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,jd; %yk; mtHfs; jkJ ghypay; kw;Wk; ghypay; elj;ij Fwpj;J mwpe;j kw;Wk; ghJfhg;ghd njupTfis Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;. ghypay; ty;YwT> fl;lhakhf cld; tho;jiy Kd;dpWj;jy; kw;Wk; fyhrhu tpOkpaq;fis fhf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;w ngaupy; ty;YwT Gupe;JtHfSld; jpUkzk; nra;J itj;jy; cs;slq;fyhf ,sk; ngz;fis rpW tajpy; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk; gyte;jkhd jpUkzj;ij ehk; fz;bf;fpd;Nwhk;. mit rpWkpaHfspd; nfsutk;" Fwpj;J jtwhd mgpg;gpuhaj;ij cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. ghypay; ty;Ywtpy; ,Ue;J Mz;fis fhg;ghw;Wk; Nehf;Fld; jpUkz taij Fiwj;jy; vd;w Mgj;jhd vz;zf;fUtpw;F ,e;j nray; toptFj;Js;sJ. rpW tajpy; ngz;fs; fHg;gk; jupj;jy; kw;Wk; jpUkzk; nra;jypd; tpisTfs; Fwpj;J mJ ftdk; nrYj;Jtjhf ,y;iy. mJ mtHfspd; tho;f;ifr; re;jHg;gq;fis fl;Lg;gLj;JtJld;> fy;tpapd;ikahy; epjprhHe;J jq;fpapUj;jy;> r%f me;j];jpy; tPo;r;rpailjy; kw;Wk; cs;sf td;Kiwapd; mjpfupj;j jd;ik vd gy;NtW kdpj cupik kPwy;fSf;Fk; toptFf;fpd;wJ.

Nk 13Mk; jpfjp> CHfhtw;Wiw> Gq;FL jPtpy; 18 taJ ghlrhiy rpWkpahd tpj;ah rptNyhfehjd; mtHfs; $l;L ty;YwTf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;L nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhH. ed;F kJ mUe;jpa gy taJg; gpupTf;Fk; cl;gl;l Mz;fs; rpyuhy; tpj;ah nfh^ukhf ty;YwTf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;shH. ,e;j nfh^u nrayhdJ mtuJ fpuhkj;jpYk;> aho;g;ghzj;jpy; nghJ kf;fs; vOr;rpf;F fhuzkhf mike;jJ. Muk;gj;jpy; jkpo; gj;jpupiffspYk;> njhlHe;J Mq;fpy kw;Wk; rpq;fsg; gj;jpupiffspYk; mwpf;ifaplg;gl;lik> re;NjfegHfspd; ifJf;F toptFj;jJ. fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,t;thwhd Fw;wr; nray;fspy; Fw;wk; Rkj;jg;gl;ltHfs; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F mioj;J tug;gl;lNghJ> cldb eltbf;if vLf;fg;gly; kw;Wk; Jupj rl;l eilKiwg;gLj;jy;> Fw;wk; Rkj;jy; kw;Wk; ePjp toq;fy; vd;gtw;iw Nfhup kf;fs; tPjpf;F ,wq;fpdH. tpj;ahtpd; jhahu; kw;Wk; rNfhjuid [dhjpgjp re;jpj;jhH. jw;NghJ re;NjfegHfs; kPJ Fw;w tof;F tprhuiz gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

ePjpf;fhd Nfhupf;iff;F gjpyspf;Fk; tifapy; rl;lj;jpd; ,e;jr; nraw;ghLk;> cldbahd tprhuiz eltbf;iffisAk; ehk; tuNtw;fpd;Nwhk;. vt;thwhapDk;> kf;fs; td;Kiwr; nray;fspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhf;fg;gLtjidAk;> Fw;wthspfs; jz;bf;fg;gl;L> mtHfSf;F fhy jhkjkpd;wp ePjp fpilg;gjidAk; cWjp nra;a Ntz;ba mtHfsJ nghWg;Gf;fisAk; kfspH FOf;fs; Fwpg;gpl;lijg; Nghd;W> rl;l mKyhf;fy; mq;fq;fSk; g+Hj;jp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd td;KiwfSf;F njhlHr;rpahf jz;lid toq;fg;glhik vd;w rpf;fyhd fhuzpAk;> ehL KOtjpYk; epiwe;Js;sJ.

tpj;ah kPJ Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l ty;YwTk;> nfhiyAk; xU xJf;fg;gl;l rk;gtky;y. nghyprhupd; Muk;g eltbf;if vLf;fg;glhikAk; Gjpa tplaky;y. ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd td;Kiwfs; njhlHghd vjpHf;fl;rp Mizf;FOtpd; jiytH> 2015Mk; Mz;L


td;Kiwiag; gad;gLj;Jtjid 24 tPjkhd Mz;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sdH. 15 tPjkhd Mz;fs;> epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gl;l ty;Ywtpid> ngUk;ghyhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; jkJ tho;f;ifj; Jizia ty;YwT nra;tjhf xj;Jf; nfhz;ldH. xU jlitf;F Nky; epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gl;l ty;Ywtpy; 000 rpWkpaH> jkJ FLk;g cwtpdHfshy; ghypay; J~;gpuNahfj;ij vjpHnfhs;tJ fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,tw;wpy; ngUk;ghyhdit je;ijahy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLtjhf njuptpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> mtw;wpy; 1 tPjkhdit khj;jpuNk gjpthfpd;wJ.

ngz;fs; kPjhd epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gl;l td;Kiwfspy; Mz;fs; mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fg;gLk; my;yJ kWf;fg;gLk; epfo;thf gue;j r%f-fyhrhu #o;epiyapy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;glhjjhf cs;sJ. MjuT kw;Wk; ePjpia ehLtjw;F ,UtupdJ Kaw;rpfisAk; Fiwkjpg;gpw;Fk; cl;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;f kw;Wk; ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd njhlHr;rpahd td;Kiwia mDkjpf;Fk; Mz;fspy; rkghYwT elj;ij Kiwfis nghWj;jUSk; r%fk; vd vk;ik RagupNrhjid nra;J nfhs;tJ tuNtw;fg;gLtJld;> rthYf;Fl;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. Mz;fs; jkJ eltbf;iff;F nghWg;Gf; $wNtz;batHfshf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. td;Kiwf;F vjpuhf rfpg;Gj; jd;ikaw;w murpay; kw;Wk; rptpy; vd ,Ujug;G r%fk; vkf;F mtrpakhFk;. mjw;fhd murpay; kw;Wk; jhHkPf MHtKk; vkf;F ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

FKjpdp rhKNty;

mwpf;ifapy; ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd mjpf vz;zpf;ifapyhd ghypay; td;Kiw Fwpj;J mwpf;ifaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ghypay; ty;YwT njhlHgpy; gjpthfpAs;s mjpfstpyhd rk;gtq;fspy;> ntFrpy rk;gtq;fspy; khj;jpuNk Fw;wk; Rkj;jg;gl;ltUf;F vjpuhd eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLtJld;> fpilf;ff; $bajhfTs;s nghyp]; Gs;sptpguq;fSf;F Vw;g 2009 Kjy; 0-7 vd;w mbg;gilapNy Fw;wj; jPHg;G toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

NkYk;> ghypay; ty;YwT my;yJ Kiwaw;w ty;YwT njhlHgpy; Fw;wk; Rkj;jy; nraw;ghL njhlHgpy; rl;lkh mjpgH jpizf;fsj;jpd; my;yJ nghyprhupdhYk; ve;jnthU jftiyAk; jahupj;Jf; nfhLf;f KbahJs;sJ. ePjthd; ePjpkd;wq;fspdhy; tprhupf;fg;gl;L kw;Wk; Nky; ePjpkd;wj;jhy; Fw;wg;gjpT nra;ag;gl;l ghypay; ty;YwT rk;gtq;fs; njhlHghd nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; NjHr;rpapidf; fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhd nghwpaikg;Gf;fs; vjidAk; rl;lkh mjpgH jpizf;fsNkh> nghyprhNuh Kd;ndLf;ftpy;iy. vdNt> rk;gtq;fspd; epiyik Fwpj;Jk;> Vd; rpwpjsT Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs; khj;jpuk; cs;sd vd;gJ Fwpj;J ve;jnthU czHTk; ek;kplk; ,y;iy.

ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd td;Kiw njhlHgpy; nraw;gLtjw;F epakpf;fg;gl;l xNu topKiwahf rl;lq;fis mikj;jy; kw;Wk; nfhs;if ,ilaPLfs; vd;gtw;iw ehk; tuNtw;fpd;Nwhk;. td;Kiwapd;wp Rje;jpukhf ,Ug;gjw;fhd ngz;fspd; cupikfis kjpj;jy;> ghJfhj;jy; kw;Wk; g+Hj;jp nra;jYf;fhd murpd; nghWg;gpidAk; ehk; typAWj;Jfpd;Nwhk;. eilKiwg;gLj;jy; rpf;fyhdJ vd;gJld;> murhq;fj;jpd; midj;J kl;lq;fspYk; kw;Wk; murpay; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; midj;J kl;lq;fspy; cWjpahd eltbf;if ,jw;F mtrpakhFk;.

ngz;fs; td;Kiw kw;Wk; Mgj;jpd;wp Rje;jpukhf tho;tjid cWjp nra;a Ntz;ba ngUk; nghWg;G jdpegHfs; kw;Wk; r%fk; vd ,Ujug;gpdUf;Fk; cs;sJ. ,yq;ifapd; Ie;J khtl;lq;fspy; nfahH ,d;lHne\dypdhy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l RahjPd Ma;tpy;> jkJ kidtp my;yJ tho;f;ifj; Jizf;F vjpuhd cly;rhHe;j


1. fpof;Ff; flw;fiuapy; Rdhkpapdhy; capupoe;jtHfspy; ngUk;ghyhNdhH jkpo; kw;Wk; K];yPk; ngz;fshFk;. KjyhtJ miy te;J clypy; ,Ue;j cilia mbj;Jr; nrd;wJk;> mtHfs; flypy; ,Ue;J ntspNa Xltpy;iy. khwhf khw;Wj; Jzpiaj; Njb tPl;bw;Fs; XbdH. ,uz;lhtJ miyapy; mtHfs; flYf;Fs; mbj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;ldH my;yJ tPl;bw;Fs; ePH epiwe;J %o;fpdH my;yJ tPl;bw;Fs; milgl;L capupoe;jdH. ,J ePz;l ehl;fSf;F Kd;dH epfo;e;j rk;gtk; my;y. vkJ ehl;by; 11 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dH epfo;e;j rk;gtkhFk;.

2. ,uthdJk; tPjpapy; nry;tjw;Nfh> b];NfhTf;Nfh my;yJ ghUf;Fr; nry;tjw;Nfh ngz;fSf;F cupik ,y;iy. ngz;fSf;F cupj;jhdJ tPl;L Ntiy khj;jpuNk. FLk;gg; ngz;zhf mjid khj;jpuk; nra;J nfhz;L ,Ug;gjw;F mtHfs; gofpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jg;ghd Ntiy nra;jhy;> jg;ghd Mil mzpe;jhy;> J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F ,yf;fhd jtWk; ngz;fisr; rhHe;jJ MFk;

mJ vkf;F may;ehl;ilr; (,e;jpah) NrHe;j> $l;L ty;YwTf;F ,yf;fhd 23 tajhd itj;jpag; gPl khztp Fwpj;J mwpf;ifahfpa Mtzg;glj;jpy;> Fw;wj;ijg; Gupe;j xUtH njuptpj;j fUj;jhFk;. ,JTk; kpfTk; mz;ikapy; eilngw;w rk;gtkhFk;.

,e;j #o;epiyapy; jhd; ekf;F ghypay; Rje;jpuk;> ghypay; cupikfs; kw;Wk; ngz;fspd; Vida ghypay; mk;rq;fs; njhlHgpy; fUj;J njuptpf;f Ntz;ba epiy Njhd;Wfpd;wJ.

cz;ikapy; ,g;ghypay; Rje;jpuk; vd;gJ vd;d?

ngz;fs; jkJ rf;jp Fwpj;J KOikahf mwpe;J nfhs;shJ cs;sdH. E}ypy; fl;b itf;fg;gl;l ahidiag; Nghy ngz;fs; jk;ik mbikfshf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F kpfTk; tpUg;Gld; ,Uf;Fk; Mz;fSf;Fk;> mbgzpe;J ,Uf;fpd;wdH ngz;fspd; ghypay; Rje;jpuk; Fwpj;J 19MtJ E}w;whz;by; fUj;J njuptpj;j tpf;Nlhupah Tl;fy;> Kd;itj;j fUj;J ,JthFk;.

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ngz;fs; ghypay; uPjpahf

Rje;jpuk; ngWk; ,lk;


- ghypay; Rje;jpuk; vd;gJ jpUkzj;jpw;Fs;

kw;Wk; jpUkzj;jpw;F ntspNa epfOk;

ghy;tpidj; njhopiy ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;.

- ghypay; Rje;jpuk; vd;gJ jkJ cly;

Fwpj;J jPHkhdk; vLf;ff; $ba

epiyikf;F ngz;fs; tUjy;.

- ghypay; Rje;jpuk; vd;gJ gyte;jkhff;

fHg;gk; jupj;jy; kw;Wk; jkf;Fj;

Njitaw;w gps;isfisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tjidj; jtpHj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F

ngz;fSf;F cs;s cupikahFk;.

- ghypay; Rje;jpuk; vd;gJ Mz; xUtUld;

tho;f;ifia Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjpy;

,Ue;J kPsy;.

,J tpf;Nlhupah Tl;fy; mtHfs; Fwpg;gpl;l fUj;JfshFk;.

ekf;F NkYk; ,e;jg; Nghuhl;l epiyf;F tUtjw;F rf;jp ,y;iynaDk; NghJ ,g;Ngr;RthHj;ij Muk;gpj;jTld; rpyH> ngz;fNs ngz;fs; Fwpj;J fl;Lg;ghLfis tpjpf;fpd;wdH. tpNrlkhf jha;khHjhd; ngz; Foe;ijfis fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. fl;Lg;gl;L ,Ug;gjw;F fw;gpf;fpd;wdH. vd $WthHfs;.

mg;NghJ ehk; $wNtz;baJ> mjpy; Nghl;bUg;gJ vkJ gz;ghL> ghuk;gupak; kw;Wk; xOf;fk; Nghd;w tplaq;fs; vd;gjhFk;.

ekf;F tpUg;gkhd Milia mzptjw;F> ekf;F tpUg;gkhdtupd; ifiag; gw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;F> tpUg;gkhd Neuj;jpw;F tPjpapy; elkhLtjw;F> g+q;fhtpw;Fr; nry;tjw;F> jpiug;glk; xd;iwg; ghHg;gjw;F> tpUe;J my;yJ b];Nfhtpw;Fr; nry;tjw;F> ehk; tpUg;gkhf ,Ug;Nghk; my;yth? vkf;F tpUg;gkhdtiu> tpUk;gpa Neuj;jpy; Kj;jkpLtjw;F> vkf;F tpUg;gkhdtUld; ,Ue;J rpwpJ kUe;J mUe;Jtjw;F> Milfspd;wp flypy; Fspg;gjw;F> c\;z fhyj;jpy; nrsfupakhd rpwpa cilia mzpe;J nfhs;tjw;F vkf;F tpUg;gkhf ,Uf;Fk; my;yth?.... `_k;.. mij epidf;Fk; NghNj cs;sj;jpy; FJ}fyk; Njhd;Wk;... Kjypy; $wpa tplak; vJthf ,Ug;gpDk;... fPOs;s tplaq;fs;...? mJ ekf;F nghUe;jhJ. mt;tsTjhd;. mjpy;

,uz;L fUj;J ,y;iy. vdNt? ,jpy; vJTk; ruptuhJ vd ,d;ndhUtH $WthH. mq;Fjhd; gpur;rpid vOfpd;wJ. fl;Lg;ghL ,Ug;gJ vq;Nf? me;j mjpfhuk; ahuplk; ,Uf;fpwJ? jPHkhdk; vLf;Fk; cupik vq;F ,Uf;fpwJ? fyhrhuk;> gz;ghL vd;gjd; tiutpyf;fzk; vd;d?

,e;j fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;F xd;whf Kaw;rpf;Fk; Mz; $WtjhtJ> vkf;Fj; jhNd njupAk; Mz;fspd; cz;ikahd epiy vd;ghH. me;jg; ngz;Zf;F Ntz;Lkhapd;> ghypay; xOf;fk; vd;w gl;lj;ij ,Ltjw;F vk;khy; ,ayhky; ,y;iy.

vt;thwhapDk;> ehk; tpUk;Gk; Mz;fNs vkJ

cyfk; vd ngz;fshfpa ehk; epidj;Jf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. mtH vj;jid

Kl;lhshf> Nkhrkhdtuhf ,Ue;jhYk;>

ehk; jpUk;gpr; nrd;W mtHfSlNdNa

xl;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;. me;j clypNyNa

NrHfpd;Nwhk;. ekf;Fj; NjitahdthW

mtiu khw;w Kaw;rpf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,Wjpapy;

vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl;L> mtH ,Uf;Fk;

tifapy;> mtH cyif ghHf;Fk; tifapy;>

mtH NfhUk; tifapy; tho;f;ifia

tho;tjw;F kdij khw;wpf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.

'Vd; mg;gb ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;" vd ahUk;

Nfl;lhy;> 'vkf;F ghJfhg;G mtrpak;" vdf;

$WNthk;. gps;isfs; ,Ug;gpd; 'gps;isf;F

je;ij Ntz;Lk;" vdf; $WNthk;.

FLk;g tho;f;ifia Kd;ndLf;Fk;> ,yq;ifapy; jpUkzk; Gupe;j ngz;fspy; ngUkstpyhNdhUf;Fj; jkf;Fk; czHr;rpj; Jbg;G ,Uf;ff; $Lk; vdj; njupahJ (fy;ahzk; nra;ahj gyH ,wf;Fk; tiu fd;dpahFk;. mjid ,y;yhJ nra;tjw;F gpuk;kh> RgNeuj;jpy; jk;ik mbikahf;f tUk; tiu> nts;is GlitAld; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gH). mt;thwhd tplaj;ij Mz;fs; ek;gkhl;lhHfs;. mJ Mz;fspd; nray;. Mz;fspd; cupik. mJ khj;jpuky;y> ghypay; Njit Fwpj;J kw;Wk; ghypay; jd;ik Fwpj;J fijf;Fk; ngz;fs;> ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jtiuapy; ehfuPfkw;wtHfshff; fUjg;gLfpd;wdH.

ghy;epiy rkj;Jtk;> murpaypy; ngz;fspd; gpujpepjpj;Jtk;> ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ngz;fspd; rjtPjk;> ngz;fspd; ciog;G> ngz; cupikfs;. ,t;thwhd jiyg;Gf;fis


fijg;gjw;F gakpd;wp gyH tUthHfs;. ,e;j Mz;fspd; cyfpy;> Mz;fSf;F mbgzpe;j> mbikahd clYf;F> ,y;iynadpy; Mz;fshy; gutYf;F toq;fg;gLk; kw;WnkhU re;jHg;gk; khj;jpukhFk; vd;gJ mtHfs; kwe;JtpLk; tplak;jhd;.

ghypay;> ghypay; Rje;jpuk; Fwpj;J fijg;gtHfs; jpBnud ,e;j r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;J kiwe;J Nghtjpy;iy. ehk; tpj;jpahrkhdtHfs; vd ghypay; mk;rk; Fwpj;J gakpd;wp ntspg;gl;L ,Ug;gjw;F tpUg;gkhdtHfis re;jpf;fhky; ,Ug;gJk; ,y;iy. Mdhy; me;j ciuahly;fs; kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;fspd; mbg;gilj; Njitia Mokhf Muha;e;J ghHj;jhy;> mtw;Wf;fhd vy;iyAk; Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;fspd; cyfpw;Fs; kfpo;r;rpia Vw;gLj;JtJkhFk;. ngz;zhapUe;jhy;> me;j Mz;fspd; cyfpy; rpwe;j ngz; vd;w fpuPlj;ij mzpe;J nfhs;tjhFk;.

ngUk;ghYk; ,e;j tplaq;fis fijg;gjw;F

Mz;fs; Kd;tUtJ> ngz;fSld;

nghWg;Gld;> cWjpAld;> mHg;gzpg;Gld;

cwq;Ftjw;F re;jHg;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;tjw;fhFk;. Njit g+Hj;jpahdJk;>

my;yJ rypj;Jg; Nghdhy;> jk;Kld;

ghypay; Rje;jpuj;Jld; ele;J nfhz;l

ngz;iz ghypay; mnfsutk; epiwe;j>

ghypay; XLfhypj; jd;ik nfhz;ltshff;

nfhz;L r%fj;jpw;Fs; jdpikg;gLj;jy;>

iftpl;Lr; nry;yy; vd;gd ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ.

mt;thwhd ngz;fSf;F ,e;j r%fj;jpy; fpilg;gJ xd;W jdpahf tho;f;ifia vjpHnfhs;tjw;fhd nghUshjhu> r%f gyk;> gpd;Gyk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iynadpy;> r%fj;jpd; gopr;nrhy;Yf;F ,yf;fhf NeupLk;. ,y;iynadpy;> mt;thwhd csr;rpf;fiy vjpHnfhs;tjw;F cjtp toq;Fk; egHfis fz;lwptJ ,yFthdJ ,y;iy. mjd; kj;jpay; Foe;ijAk; ,Ue;jhy; ngz;zpd; epiy rpf;fy; epiwe;jjhf mikAk;.

Rje;jpuk; Fwpj;J epyTk; #o;epiyf;F thHj;ijahy; rthy; tpLtJld; epd;WtplhJ> cz;ikahd epiyikia cyfpd; Kd;dhy; epw;f itg;gjd; %yk;> jkf;Fs; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; Kjy;> gjpT nra;jtHfs;> tuyhw;wpy; khj;jpuky;y epfo;fhyj;jpYk; cs;sdH. mtHfs; jhd; tuyhW KOtjpYk; epiwe;jpUe;jdH.

Fwpg;gpl;l fhyk; tiu fy;yhfpf; fple;j epiyikia cilj;jdH. me;j khw;wj;ij> Gjpa ghijia cUthf;fpatu;fspy; xUtH nfsjk Gj;jH.

mtH vdf;F mt;thW nra;jhH> ,t;thW nra;jhH> vdf; $Wtjpy; mHj;jk; ,y;iy. ekf;Fs; ehNk Rje;jpuk; mila Ntz;Lk;. VidNahH kPJ Fw;wk; Rkj;jpg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gjhy;> gop khj;jpuNk vQ;Rk;. NtW ve;j eyNdh my;yJ Gul;rpNah mjd; %yk; epfohJ vdf; $wpdhH.

mtHfs; mwpahky; nra;Ak; gpiofis kd;dpj;J> vk;ik nrhHf;fk; nry;YkhW ,NaR $wpdhH. mtH $wpaJ Rje;jpukhd cyfj;ij Nehf;fpj;> jkf;Fs; Rje;jpuk; miltjw;F mtH Fwpg;gpl;lhH. vkJ fhyj;jpYk; Gul;rpfs; nra;jtHfs; cs;sdH. mtHfspy; xU ngz;kzp jhd; mnkupf;fhitr; NrHe;j khah mQ;rNyh. mtH Xu; ehl;bw;Nfh my;yJ Xu; murhq;fj;jpw;Nfh nrhe;jkhdtH my;y. KO mz;lj;jpw;Fk; nrhe;jkhdtH. ngz;fis Mz;fs; rkkhf elj;jhj cyif khj;jpuk; khah vjpHnfhs;stpy;iy> fWg;ghf ,Ug;gjdhy; fPo;ikahf elj;Jk; nts;is cyfj;ijAk;> fWg;G vd;gjhy; mbikg;gLj;Jk; cyfj;ijAk;> ngz;fis mbikahf elj;Jk; cyfj;ijAk; mtH vjpHnfhz;lhH. me;j cyfpy; ngz;fSf;F cupj;jhf ,Ue;jJ Milfis Jitj;jYk;> czT jahupj;jYk; kw;Wk; czT Nkiriaj; jahH nra;tJk;> Mil ijg;gJk;> myq;fhuk; nra;tJk;> Foe;ijfis tsHg;gJk;> ghypay; nghUshf gad;gLj;jg;gLtJk; vd;gdthFk;.

,e;j cyfpy; mr;rkw;w ngz;zhf khah ,Uf;fpd;whH. mtH jkJ tho;f;ifapd;

ghypay;> ghypay; Rje;jpuk; Fwpj;Jf; fijg;gtHfs; jpBnud ,e;j r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;J kiwe;J Nghtjpy;iy. ehk; tpj;jpahrkhdtHfs;" vd ghypay; mk;rk; Fwpj;Jg; gakpd;wp ntspg;gl;L ,Ug;gjw;F tpUg;gkhdtHfis re;jpf;fhky; ,Ug;gJk; ,y;iy.


xt;nthU fhyfl;lj;jpy; g]; elj;Jduhf> ebfuhf> ftpQuhf> Ngr;rhsuhf> ehlff; fiyQuhf> fy;tp nraw;ghl;lhsuhf> r%f kw;Wk; murpay; nraw;ghl;lhsuhf> gj;jpupif kw;Wk; rQ;rpif vOj;jhsuhf> gy;fiyf;fof tpupTiuahsuhf> tpUJngw;w Nguhrpupahf khj;jpuky;yhJ> jhahfTk; gy ghj;jpuq;fis tfpj;Js;shH. ,j;njhopy;fs; midj;jpYNk cyfpd; kPjhd mtuJ fhjNy ,Ue;jJ. mtH mjpy; ngUik nfhz;lhH. mtiug;gw;wp mwpe;j midtUNk mjd; fhuzkhf ngUik nfhs;fpd;wdH.

cq;fSila frg;ghd> jpupf;fg;gl;l ngha;fshy;

tuyhw;wpy; vd;id fPo;ikahf ePq;fs; vOjyhk;>

mOf;fpy; ,l;L ePq;fs; vd;id kpjpf;fyhk;>

Mdhy;> GOjpiag; Nghy ehd; vOe;J tUNtd;.

vd;Dila kupahij nfhLf;fhj jd;ik cq;fSf;F gjl;lk; jUfpwjh?

Vd; cq;fis NrhHT #o;e;Js;sJ?

vd;Dila tPl;bd; miwapy; ,iwf;Fk;>

vz;nza; fpzWfspd; cupikahsH Nghy; ehd; ele;J nfhs;tjhyh>

re;jpud;fisAk;> #upad;fisAk; Nghy>

miyfspd; epr;raj;jd;ikAld;>

ek;gpf;if mjpfk; Kisj;njo

ehd; vOe;J tUNtd;.

vd khah vjpupfis vjpHnfhz;lhH. Vida Clfq;fspy; khj;jpukd;wp> ghy; mbg;gilapYk; mtH Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhf NghuhbdhH.

rpW tajpy; mtUf;F NeHe;j mtyj;jpd; fhuzkhf mtH mr;rkpd;wp ,Ue;jhH. vl;L taJr; rpWkp> jkJ jhapd; fhjyuhy; td;GzHTf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;lhH. me;j mjpHr;rpapdhy; Ie;J tUlq;fs; Ngr KbahJ ,Ue;Js;shH. vj;jid nfh^ur; nray;? ,jdhy; Mfg;NghtJ vd;d? vkJ r%fk; ,e;j rk;gtj;ij ,t;thNw thrpj;jJ.

Mdhy;> khahtpd; jha;> jhapd; jha;> je;ij> rNfhjud;> khkdhH MfpNahH mt;thW nra;atpy;iy. mtUf;F jPq;F NeHe;jJ vd;w

fUj;jpid mtuJ rpW %isapy; gjptjw;F ,lkspf;ftpy;iy. rpiw nry;yhJ> ntspapy; te;j Fw;wthspapid khkdhH ,ize;J nfhiy nra;jikNa mtUf;F Ntjidia mspj;jJ. mjdhNyNa mtH mikjp nfhz;lhH.

17 tajpy; khahTf;F kfd; xUtH gpwf;fpd;whH. capupof;Fk; tiu jkf;F fpilj;j ngUk; nrhj;jhf khah mtiu fUjpdhH. Mdhy; Fwpj;j fHg;gk; jupj;jy;> jkJ tajpy; Vida ngz;fisg; Nghy; ghypay; rhHe;J nraw;wpwDld; ,y;yhikapdhy;> jhk; xU ngz; vd;gjid jkf;F cWjp nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhf> ehshe;jk; re;jpf;Fk; Ngr;Rj;jpwd; mw;wtUld; cwT nfhz;likapd; gpujpgydhf fpilj;jjhFk;. mij mwpe;jJk;> mtUil jha; mtuplk; tpdtpaJ 'mtUf;F cd;id jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lkh?" vd;gjhFk;. ',y;iy" vd;gNj gjpyhf ,Ue;jJ. mjw;F mtH $wpaJ> tho;f;ifia ,of;f Ntz;bajpy;iy> Foe;ijia tsHg;Nghk; vdf; $wpAs;shH. ehkhf ,Ue;jhy;...

fWg;G mnkupf;f ngz; vOj;jhsHfs; ngUk;ghyhNdhH> ghy;epiy Fwpj;J> clYwT Fwpj;J> Ra,d;gk; Fwpj;J> ghypay; Njit Fwpj;J ntspg;gilahf vOjpAs;sdH. mtw;wpd; rpwg;Gj; jd;ikahf ,Ug;gJ> Mz;fs; cyfpd; Njitia epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; vOjg;glhikahFk;. mit jkJ r%fj;jpd; ngz;fspd; milahsj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk; mwpf;iffshFk;. mtHfspy; gyH 'Feminism' NgRgtHfs; md;wp> 'Womanism' NgRgtHfshf ,Ue;jdH. myp]; Nthf;fH vd;w ngz; vOj;jhsH 'Feminism' vd;gJ Mz;fspd; cyfpw;Fs; ,d;ndhUtuhf ,Ug;gJ vd;Wk;> 'Womanism' vd;gJ ve;jnthU gz;ghl;bYk; g+kpia gpse;J ntspapy; te;J ngz;fs; NghuhLjy; vd;Wk; tpsf;Ffpd;whH.

vt;thwhapDk;> ,Wjpapy; jkf;Fs; rf;jpAld;> jhNk jk;ik elj;JgtH vd;gjid mwpe;J nfhz;L> tpopg;Gld; mDgtpf;ff; $ba Rje;jpuNk> ghypay; mbg;gilapy; ehk; Rje;jpuk; ngWk; re;jHg;gkhFk;.

Fkhup FkhufkNf


ngz; r%fj;jpy; ,d;wpaikahj Xu; mq;fkhf tpsq;Ffpd;whs;. mjw;;fhd fhuzk; gw;wpg; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ Muk;g fhy fl;lj;jpy; jha;top r%fNk jiyikj;Jtk; tfpj;J te;Js;sJ. jhahl;rp FLk;g Ml;rpahfNt ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. jdpg;gl;ltu;fSf;F nrhj;J ,Uf;ftpy;iy. nrhj;Jf;fs; vDk; NghJ epyk; Nghd;w mirtw;w nghUl;fs; ngz;fSf;Nf nrhe;jkhf ,Ue;jd. mk;G> tpy; Nghd;w mirTs;s nghUl;fNs MltUf;F nrhe;jkhf ,Ue;jd. nja;tq;fs; tupiria vLj;J Nehf;fpdhYk; jha;f; flTs; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fs; Kf;fpak; ngw;Ws;sd. vy;yh mjpfhuKk; cilatshf jha;j; nja;tj;ij topgl;ldu;. mtSf;F tpyq;FfSf;Fs; tPuKilajhd rpq;fk; thfdkhf;fg;gl;lJ. mtNs tPuj; nja;tk; nfhw;wit vdg;gl;lhs;.

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mz;ikapy; ,e;jpahtpy; jdpahu; Jiwapy; njhopy; Gupe;j ngz; xUtu; fu;g;gkile;jikf;fhf me;epWtdk; mtiu njhopypUe;J gyte;jkhf tpyf;fpapUe;jij mwpaf; fpilj;jJ. kw;WnkhU ngz; Clftpayhsu; jhk; njhopypUe;J tpyFtjw;F Fwpg;gpl;l mr;R Clf epWtdk; gyte;jg;gLj;Jtjhf ePkd;wj;jpy; tof;F njhlue;jpUe;jhu;1

,yq;ifapy; ,t;thwhd rk;gtq;fs; ntspg;gilahff; nfhz;L tug;glhJ tpl;lhYk;> kiwKfkhf gy;NtW ghugl;rq;fs; fhl;lg;gLtJ cz;ikahFk;. ,yq;ifapy; jdpahu; Jiwapy; gzpGupAk; ngz;fs; jpUkzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF njhopypUe;J tpyFtjw;F gy;NtW fhuzq;fs; fhzg;gl;lhYk;> jdpahu; epWtdq;fs; rupahd tpjj;jpy; kfg;Ngw;W kUj;Jt trjpfis nra;J nfhLf;fhikAk;> rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhs;iffis rupahd tpjj;jpy; mKy;gLj;jhikAk; gpujhd fhuzq;fshf Nehf;fyhk;.1 http://qz.com/385866/pregnancy-remains-a-curse-for-working-women-in-corporate-india/

ngUk;ghyhd ngz;fs; jpUkzk; Kbj;j gpd;du; njhopypUe;J tpyfp tpLtjhf ,yq;ifapd; gpugykhd jdpahu; tq;fp xd;wpd; ngz; Kfhikahsu; mz;ikapy; eilngw;w epfo;tpy; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;. mtuplk; tq;fp nfhz;Ls;s kfg;Ngw;W rYiffs; njhlu;ghf tpdtpaNghJ Fwpj;j tq;fp mt;thwhd vt;tpjkhd rYiffisAk;> mjhtJ njhopyhsu;fspd; gps;isfis guhkupg;gjw;fhd epiyaq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw toq;ftpy;iy vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;. Mdhy; ,J ,yq;ifapy; fhzg;gLk; nfhs;if rl;lq;fis rupahd tpjj;jpy; filg; gpbf;fhikia ntspf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

,yq;ifapy; kfg;NgW njhlu;ghd rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhs;iffs;:

,yq;ifapd; kfg;Ngw;W rYiffs; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; gpufhuk; (THE MATERNITY BENEFITS ORDINANCE, 1939> 1941) xU ngz; jdpahu; Jiwapy; Ntiy nra;jhYk; murhq;f njhopypy;


gpujhd tplaq;fs; fil kw;Wk; mYtyf Copau; rl;lj;jpy; cs;slf;fpAs;s tplaq;fs;

kfg;gNgw;W rYiffs; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpy; cs;slf;fpAs;s tplaq;fs;

1. KjyhtJ kw;Wk; ,uz;lhtJ Foe;ijf;fhd tpLKiw

nghJ tpLKiw> Nghah> tzpf tpLiw Mfpatw;iw jtpu;j;J 84 Ntiy ehl;fs; tpLKiwahf toq;fg;gLk;

nghJ tpLKiw> ngsu;zkp> tzpf tpLiw Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fp 12 fpoikfs; tpLKiwahf toq;fg;gLk;

2. %d;whtJ kw;Wk; mjw;Fg; gpd;duhd gpurtk;

nghJ tpLKiw> Nghah> tzpf tpLiw Mfpatw;iw jtpu;j;J 42 Ntiy ehl;fs; tpLKiwahf toq;fg;gLk;

nghJ tpLKiw> ngsu;zkp> tzpf tpLiw Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fp 6 fpoikfs; tpLKiwahf toq;fg;gLk;

3. nfhLg;gdTfs; KOr; rk;gsKk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;

xU fpoikapy; 6 Ntiy ehl;fs; tPjk; xt;nthU fpoikf;Fkhd rk;gsk; toq;fg;gLk;

4. ,ilepWj;Jjy; ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; ,ilepWj;j KbahJ

,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; ,ilepWj;j KbahJ

5. fhaq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; njhopypUe;J fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;

gpurtj;jpw;F Kd;du; Kd;W khj fhyg; gFjpf;Fk;> gpurtj;jpw;Fg; gpd;du; %d;W khj fhyg; gFjpf;Fk; fhaq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; njhopypUe;J tpyf;fp itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;

gpurtj;jpw;F Kd;du; Kd;W khj fhyg; gFjpf;Fk;> gpurtj;jpw;Fg; gpd;du; %d;W khj fhyg;gFjpf;Fk; fhaq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; njhopypUe;J tpyf;fp itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;

6. jha;g; ghY}l;lYf;fhd ,ilNtis

toq;f Ntz;ba Njit ,y;iy

Foe;ijf;F xU taJ MFk; tiu> miu kzpj;jpahyak; vd;w tifapy; ehnshd;Wf;F ,uz;L jlit toq;f Ntz;Lk;

7. Foe;ijg; guhkupg;G epiyaq;fs;

toq;f Ntz;ba Njit ,y;iy

6 tajpw;Ff; Fiwe;j midj;J Foe;ijfSf;Fk; fl;lhak; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

%yk;: http://archives.dailynews.lk/2010/05/11/bus28.asp

,f;fhyg;gFjpf;fhd KO rk;gsKk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J midj;J tpLKiwfisAk; cs;slf;fpajhFk;.

mLj;jjhf fil kw;Wk; mYtyf Copau; rl; SHOP AND OFFICE EMPLOYEES ACT NO.15 OF 1954)84 rl;lkhdJ ( ,e;j ehl;fis gpurt tpLKiw toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,jpy; nghJ tpLKiw> ngsu;zkp> tzpf tpLiw (Mercantile) Mfpa jpdq;fs; jtpu;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tpLKiwahdJ xU ngz; tpUk;gpdhy; gpurtj;jpw;F Kd;du; 14 ehl;fisAk;> gpurtj;jpw;Fg; gpd;du; kpFjp cs;s ehl;fisAk; tpLKiwahf ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;. ,q;F 14 ehl;fs; tpLKiw vLj;jpUf;Fk;NghJ> Fwpg;gpl;l jpfjpf;F Kd;du; Foe;ij gpwe;Jtpl;lhy; vQ;rpa tpLKiwia Foe;ij gpwe;jjd; gpd;du; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.

fPo;tUk; ml;ltizahdJ Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ,uz;L rl;lq;fisAk; RUf;fkhd xU ghu;itapy; tpgupf;fpd;wJ.

rl;lq;fs; rupahd Kiwapy; mKy;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy vd jdpahu; epWtdq;fis Fiw $wpdhYk; rl;lq;fspYk; gy ,lu;ghLfs; fhzg;gLtij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. ,jpy; Fwpg;gpl;L $wf;$ba tplaq;fis tpku;rd uPjpahf Nehf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.

1. 84 ehl;fs; tpLKiwahdJ KjyhtJ kw;Wk; ,uz;lhtJ Foe;ij gpwg;gpw;Nf toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. %d;whtJ Foe;ij gpwe;jhy; 42 ehl;fs; khj;jpuNk tpLKiw toq;fg;gLk;. ,r;rl;lq;fis cUthf;fpaNghJk;> mjd; gpd;du; Vw;gLj;jpa jpUj;jq;fspd;NghJk; ghy;epiyf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; mit Vw;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy vd;gNj ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Vnddpy; vj;jid Foe;ij gpwe;jhYk; gpurt Ntjid fhzg;gLtNjhL gpurtj;jpw;F gpd;du; Kjy; Foe;ij gpwe;j gpd;du;


Vw;gl;l Njitfs; kw;Wk; mNj ftdpg;G %d;whtJ Foe;ij gpwe;j gpd;dUk; Njitg;gLk;. vdNt ve;j mbg;gilapy; tpLKiw ehl;fs; Fiwf;fg;gl;bUe;jhYk; mJ %d;whtJ Foe;ij gpurtpf;Fk; jha;khu;fSf;fhd ghugl;rNkahFk;.

2. Nkw;$wg;gl;l tplakhdJ ,yq;if murpd; Vida nfhs;iffNshL Kuz;gLtijf; fhzyhk;. cjhuzkhf ,yq;if murhdJ %d;W Foe;ijfs; cs;s jha;khu;fSf;Nf LRT vdg;gLfpd;w epue;ju fUj;jilia Nkw;nfhs;s Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ. murhq;f itj;jparhiyfspy; ,t;thwhd jha;khu;fSf;F khj;jpuNk epue;ju fUj;jil Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. ,uz;L Foe;ijfs; cs;s jhnahUtu; epue;ju fUj;jil Kiwiaf; NfhUthuhapd; mtu; epuhfupf;fg;gLfpd;whu;. ,jpy; ngz;fs; gyklq;F ghugl;rq;fis mDgtpf;f NeupLfpd;wJ. xU Gwk; %d;whtJ Foe;ij gpurtpf;Fk;NghJ rYiffs; Fiwtilfpd;wJ. kWGwk; ,uz;L Foe;ijfs; NghJk; vd;W epue;ju fUj;jilia Nkw;nfhs;s KbahkYk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;epiyik xU rpy re;jug;gq;fspy; rl;l uPjpaw;w fUf;fiyg;gpw;F topNfhYfpd;wd.

3. murhq;fj;jpd; ,t;thwhd rl;lq;fSk; nfhs;iffSk; xU ngz;zpd; jd; clk;G njhlu;ghf jPu;khdk; vLf;Fk; cupikia kWf;fpd;wJ. mNjNeuk; ngz;fis vjpu;fhy re;jjpapdiu cUthf;Fk; xU ,ae;jpukhf khj;jpuk; mZFk; KiwiaAk; fhzyhk;.

4. fil kw;Wk; mYtyf Copau; rl;lj;jpd; gpufhuk; Foe;ij capUld; ,Ue;jhy; khj;jpuNk 84 ehl;fs; tpLKiw toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Foe;ij ,we;J gpwe;jhy; ehl;fspd; vz;zpf;if 42 Mff; Fiwf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,q;F jhapd; eyk; ngz;fs; cupikfspd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; Nehf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gijf; fhzyhk;.

mt;thwhd FiwghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wikahy; ,it jpUj;jj;jpw;F nfhz;Ltug;gl Ntz;Lk;.

mNjNtis rl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fis jdpahu; epWtdq;fs; ruptu mKy;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Vw;ghLfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,J ntWkNd legal procedure Mftd;wp mjhtJ Fwpg;gpl;l epwtdj;jpw;nfjpuhf tof;Fj; njhlu;tjw;F mg;ghy; epWtdq;fs; jq;fSila mbg;gil nfhs;iffspy; xd;whf ,jidf; filg;gplf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,d;W kfg;NgW vd;w xU tplaj;ijr; Rw;wpg; gy;NtW kl;lq;fspy;> gy;NtW tbtq;fspy; jdpahu; Jiwapy; Ntiy nra;Ak; ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd ghugl;rq;fs; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;iw xt;nthd;whf Muhayhk;.

njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fs;:

gy;NtW jdpahu; epWtdq;fSk;> tq;fpfSk; kw;Wk; mur rhuh mikg;GfSk; njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fisNa toq;Ffpd;wd. epue;ju epakdk; toq;Ftnjd;gJ kpff; FiwthfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,it ngUk;ghYk; tUlj;jpw;fhdjhfTk;> xt;nthU tUlKk; gy;NtW kjPg;gPl;bd; gpd;du; GJg;gpf;Fk; Nehf;fpNyNa toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. njhopy; jUeu; fhy mbg;gilapy; njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fis toq;Ftjpy; gy;NtW rhjfj; jd;ikfisf; nfhz;Ls;shu;. Kjyhtjhfj; njhopyhspia NtiyapypUe;J tpyf;FtJ kpfTk; RygkhFk;. Vnddpy; rpwg;ghfr; nraw;gltpy;iy vdf;$wp xU khjf;fhy mwptpj;jNyhL (one month notice) njhopypy; ,Ue;J ,ilepWj;jf;$ba mjpfhuj;ij njhopy; jUeu; xg;ge;jj;jpd; %yk; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whu;. mNjNeuk; njhopy; ngWeu; jdJ njhopiyj; jf;fitj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf rpwg;ghfr; nraw;gLthu; vdTk; ,jd;%yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

Mdhy; eilKiwapy; ,it ngz;fSf;Nf ngUk;ghYk; ghjfkhf mikfpd;wJ. Vnddpy; rpy epWtdq;fs; ngz;fs; jpUkzk; Kbf;Fk;NghJk;> mtu;fs; fu;g;gkile;Js;shu;fs; vd mwpAk;NghJk; njhopy; xg;ge;jj;ij ePbf;fhky; Kwpj;J tpLfpd;wd. ,q;F njhopypy; rpwe;j Kiwapy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;atpy;iy my;yJ njhopw; fhyk; Kbtile;J tpl;lJ vd;w fhuzq;fNs vOj;J tbtpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;. khwhf cz;ikahd fhuzq;fs;


ntspg;gLj;jg;glkhl;lhJ. ,q;F fu;g;gk; jupj;jik> fu;g;gpzpg; ngz;fs; njhlu;ghd Kw;fw;gpjq;fs; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jfpd;wd. mjhtJ fu;g;gpzpg; ngz;fSf;Ff; fhiyapy; Vw;gLk; the;jp> kaf;fk;> clw;Nrhu;T> ,yFtpy; fisg;giljy; vd;gtw;why; mtu;fSf;F rpwg;ghf njhopypy; ftdk; nrYj;j KbahJ. ePz;l Neuk; mtu;fSf;F gpuahzk; nra;;aNth my;yJ Ntiyfis tpiuthfr; nra;aNth KbahJ vd;w jg;ghd mgpg;gpuhak; ngUk;ghyhNdhu; kj;jpapy; epyTfpd;wik fhuzkhFk;. rpy tpkhd Nrit epWtdq;fs; jq;fspd; njhopy; cld;gbf;ifapy; njhopy; GupAk; fhyj;jpy; fu;g;gkilaf; $lhJ vd xu; fl;lisia tpjpf;fpd;wikiaAk; eilKiwapy; fhzyhk;.

njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fspy; gpurt tpLKiw njhlu;ghf Fwpg;ghf vJTk; nrhy;yg;glhky;> nghJthf ,yq;ifapd; njhopw; rl;l jpl;lq;fSf;F cl;gl;lJ vd;Nw njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. mNjNeuk; ngz;fs; cupik njhlu;ghff; Fuy; nfhLf;Fk; mur rhuh mikg;Gf;fs;$l ,jid njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fspy; cs;slf;Ftjpy;iy vd;gNj ajhu;j;jkhFk;. njhopw; rl;lq;fs; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ,yFgLj;jg;gltpy;iy vd;w Fw;wr;rhl;L xUGwkpUf;f> rl;lk; gapd;w ngz; rl;lj;juzpfs; $l njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fspd; NghJ ,jidf; Nfs;tp

Nfl;gjpy;iy. mj;NjhL Nfs;tp Nfl;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; njhopiy ,oe;JtpLNthNkh vd;w mr;rk; gy ngz;fis jq;fsJ cupikf;fhf FunyOg;g Kbahky; jLj;J tpLfpd;wJ.

taJ epu;zak;:

rpy epWtdq;fs; njhopYf;fhd tanjy;iyia itj;Js;sd. cjhuzkhf rpy tpkhd Nrit epWtdq;fspd; Xa;T ngWk; tajhdJ 35 my;yJ mjw;Fk; FiwthfNt epu;zapj;Js;sNjhL Ml;Nru;g;G nra;Ak;NghJk; jpUkzk; Kbf;fhj ngz;fisNa cs;thq;Ffpd;wd. rpy epWtdq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l tajpw;F ,ilg;gl;ltu;fis khj;jpuk; njhopypw;F cs;thq;Ftijf; fhzyhk;. ,jid ehk; njhopy; tpsk;guq;fspy; fz;Lnfhs;syhk;2. ehk; md;whlk; ghu;f;Fk; eLj;ju tpahghu epWtdq;fspd; njhopy; tpsk;guq;fspy; tanjy;iyahf 18-22 tiu Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,t;tajpw;Fl;gl;ltu;fs; ghlrhiyf; fy;tpia Kbj;J> VjhtJ njhopw;fy;tp xd;iw fw;wpUg;ghu;fs;> Fwpg;ghf jpUkzk; Kbj;jpUf;f khl;lhu;fs; vd;w Kw;fw;gpjj;jpNyNa tpsk;gug;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

jpUkzKk; mjNdhL cs;s Kw;fw;gpjq;fSk;:

gy jdpahu;Jiw epWtdq;fs; Ml;Nru;g;G nra;Ak;NghJk; jpUkzk; Kbf;fhj ngz;fisNa cs;thq;Ffpd;wd. cjhuzkhf mz;ikapy; tpkhd Nrit epWtdnkhd;W> ,uz;L tpkhdg; gzpg;ngz;fis mtu;fs; fu;g;gkile;jikiaf; fhuzq;fhl;b NritapypUe;J tpyf;fpapUe;jJ. mNjNeuk;> tpkhdg; gzpg;ngz;fs; jpUkzk; Kbg;gjhf ,Ue;jhy; epWtdj;jplk; mDkjp ngwNtz;Lk; vd;Wk;> fUj;jupj;jpUe;jhy; cldbahf Fwpg;gpl;l mjpfhupfSf;F mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk; fl;lisapl;bUe;jJ3. ,;t;thwhd nray;fs; kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;fs; 2 http://www.topjobs.lk/employer/advertismentpreview.jsp?jc=0000291953&rid=5&ac=0000000018&ec=00000000863 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/travel_news/article-2955612/Forced-stay-single-facing-sack-pregnant-staggeringly-sexist-rules-female-cabin-crew-Gulf-airlines.html

rpy epWtdq;fs; njhopYf;fhd tanjy;iyia itj;Js;sd. cjhuzkhf rpy tpkhd Nrit epWtdq;fspd; Xa;T ngWk; tajhdJ 35 my;yJ mjw;Fk; FiwthfNt epu;zapj;Js;sNjhL Ml;Nru;g;G nra;Ak;NghJk; jpUkzk; Kbf;fhj ngz;fisNa cs;thq;Ffpd;wd.


ngz;fspd; jdpg;gl;l rje;ejpuj;ij ghjpg;gNjhL mtu;fspd; jpUkzk; Kbj;jy; kw;Wk; jPu;khdk; vLf;Fk; cupikfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtjhfNt mikfpd;wd. Mdhy; ,e;epWtdq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l ngz;fspd; eydpw;fhfNt> mjhtJ fUr;rpijT Nghd;w Mgj;Jf;fs; Vw;gLk; vd;gjhNyNa ,t;thwhd rl;lq;fSk; eilKiwfSk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd vd thjpLtjdhy; gyUk; nksdpj;J ,J njhlu;ghf Nfs;tp vOg;Gtjpy;iy.

,yq;ifapy; ngUk;ghYk; jdpahu; tq;fpfs; AtjpfisNa Ml;Nru;g;G nra;tjhy; jpUkzk; Kbj;j ngz;fSf;fhd tha;g;Gfs; Fiwtilfpd;wJ. mj;NjhL jpUkzk; Kbf;fhj ngz;fSf;F FLk;gr; Rik Fiwthff; fhzg;gLk;. mjdhy; mtu;fs; Ntiyapy; ftdQ; nrYj;Jthu;fs;. Nkyjpf Neuk; Ntiy nra;ag; gzpf;fpd;wNghJ vt;tpjkhd jilfisak; fhl;lhky; njhlu;e;J Ntiy nra;thu;fs; vd;w kNdhghtk; ,t;thwhd Ml;Nru;g;Gf;F toptFf;Ffpd;wJ. cz;ikapy; Ml;Nru;g;Gr; nra;Ak;NghJ ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;ba mDgtk;> jpwik> nraw;jpwd; vd;gd ngz;fis Ml;Nru;g;G nra;Ak;NghJ kpf mupjhfNt ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ my;yJ mit ,uz;lhk; gl;rkhdjhff; fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

Foe;ijg; guhkupg;gpw;fhd rYiffs;:

gps;is guhkupg;G vd;gJ ngz;fspd; tfpgq;F vd;W r%fj;jpy; fl;likf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy; njhopy; nra;Ak; ngz;fSk; mtu;fSila njhopiyr; nra;tNjhL Foe;ijg; guhkupg;igAk; Ngz Ntz;Lk; vd epWtdq;fs; $l vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;wd. xU FLk;gj;jpy; fztd;> kidtp ,UtUk; Ntiyf;Fr; nrd;W FLk;gg; nghUshjhuj;jpw;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jhYk; gps;isg; guhkupg;gpypUe;J Mz;fs; ngUk;ghYk; tpyfpapUf;fpd;wdu;. mJkl;Lkd;wp FLk;g mq;fj;jtu;fSk; mJ ngw;wtSila nghWg;G vd;W Foe;ijiag; guhkupg;gJ ,y;iy. ,jdhNyNa njhopy; GupAk; ngz;fSf;F ,ul;ilr; Rik fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; $l;Lf; FLk;gq;fs; (extended Families) rhj;jpakpy;iyahYk;> jdpf;

FLk;gq;fs; (Nuclear families) mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wikahYk; Foe;ijg; guhkupg;G vd;gJ jdpj;Nj ngz;fSf;Fupa xd;whfNt khw;wk; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,J ngz;fspd; Muk;g epiy epyapYk; ghu;f;f kpfTk; Nkhrkhd gpd;js;sg;gl;l xU epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;tijf; fhzyhk;.

jdpahu; epWtdq;fSk; Foe;ij guhkupg;ghdJ ngz;fSf;FupajhfNt fUJtij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. gy jdpahu; epWtdq;fspy; cau;gjtp tfpf;Fk; Mz;fs;> mq;F njhopy; GupAk; ngz;fis Foe;ijg; guhkupg;G> mtu;fspd; eyk; vd;gtw;iw fhuzq; fhl;b mijupag;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. NkYk;> gy epWtdq;fspy; Mapuj;jpw;F mjpfkhNdhu; njhopy; Gupe;jhYk; njhopy; GupNthupd; Foe;ijfSf;fhd guhkupg;G epiyaq;fisNah> rYiffisNah toq;Ftjpy;iy. ,jdhy; Ntiy nra;Ak; ngz;fSf;F xu; tifahd kd cisr;ry; Vw;gLtNjhL rupahd Kiwapy; njhopypy; ftdQr; nrYj;j Kbtjpy;iy. gy ngz;fs; kd cisr;ry; fhuzkhf njhopypypUe;J ,iltpyFtij md;whlk; fhzyhk;. ,jdhNyNa cau; gjtpfspy; ngz;fs; FiwthfTk; mt;tplj;ij Mz;fs; Mf;fpukpj;Jk; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.

jPu;khdk; vLf;Fk; gjtpfspy; mjpf Mz;fs;:

gy;NtW epWtdq;fs; Ml;Nru;g;G nra;Ak;NghJ rpy cau; gjtpfisAk;> Fwpg;gpl;l rpy njhopy;fisAk; Mz;fSf;FupajhfNt tbtikf;fpd;wd. cjhuzkhf Kfhikahsu;> gzpg;ghsu; Nghd;w gjtpfSf;F Mz;fisNa cs;thq;Fk; mNjNtis> ngz;fs; mg;gjtpfSf;F tpz;zg;gpj;jpUe;jhYk; Neu;Kfj; Nju;tpy; mtu;fisj; njupT nra;tjpy;iy. ,jw;Ff; Fwpg;ghf kfg;NgW njhlu;ghf nfhz;bUf;Fk; Kw;fw;gpjq;fs; gpujhd fhuzkhFk;. ,jd; fhuzkhf jPu;khdk; vLf;Fk; mjpfhuj;jpy; Mz;fs; fhzg;gLtjhy; mq;F ngz;fspd; cupik njhlu;ghd fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; epWtdj;jpd; nfhs;iffs; rl;lq;fs; tFf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. rpy epWtdq;fspy; ngz;fs; cau; gjtpfis tfpj;jhYk; mtu;fSf;fhd gy;NtW kl;Lg;ghLfs; fhzg;gLtNjhL


ngUk;ghYk; mtu;fSk; Mzhjpf;fr; rpe;jidf;F cl;gl;bUg;gjhy; ngz;fspd; eydpy; mf;fiw nfhs;tjpy;iy.

njhopy; kjpg;gPL (Employment appraisal)

njhopy; kjpg;gPL vd;w mbg;gilapYk; ngz;fs; ghugl;rj;jpw;F cs;shf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. mjhtJ xU tUlj;jpw;fhd nraw;jpwd; kjpg;gPlhdJ khjhe;j mbg;gilapy; ngwg;gLfpd;wJ. njhopy; ngWeu; xUtu; xU khj fhyj;jpw;Nfh my;yJ xU rpy thuq;fSf;Nfh tpLKiwapy; nrd;wpUe;jhy; mf;Fwpg;gpl;l khjk; mtu; Fiwe;jstpyhd gq;fspg;igNa epWtdj;jpw;F toq;fpAs;shu; vd kjpg;gplg;gLk;. Mdhy;> xU ngz; fu;g;gkile;J gpurt tpLKiwia vLf;Fk;NghJk; ,Nj kjpg;gPl;ilr; nra;tJ ghugl;rkhdjhFk;. Vnddpy; Foe;ijg; gpurtk; vd;gJ xU jdpegUf;fhfNtad;wp KO r%fj;jpw;FkhdjhFk;. vdNt> mtu;fSf;fhd tpNrl rYiffs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thwhd njhopy; kjpg;gPLfshy; ngz;fs; epue;juj; njhopy; xd;iwg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahkYk;> njhopypUe;J tpyFtjw;Fk;> tpyf;Ftjw;Fk;> gjtpAau;Tfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahik Nghd;wtw;wpw;Fk; fhuzkhf mikfpd;wd.

Nkw;$wg;gl;lthwhd gy;NtW tpjkhd ghugl;rq;fs; jdpahu; Jiwapy; njhopy; GupAk; ngz;fSf;Ff; fhzg;gLtjhy; ,it njhlu;ghf jdpahu; epWtdq;fs;/fk;gdpfs;> muR> ngz;fs; cupik njhlu;ghf Ntiy nra;Ak; epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; nghJ kf;fs; midtUk; $l;lhf ,ize;J nraw;gl Ntz;ba Xu; Njit fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,tw;iw ,y;yhky; xopg;gjw;Ff; fPo;tUk; gupe;Jiufis Kd;itf;fyhk;.

gupe;Jiufs;:

kfg;Ngw;W rYiffis rupahd tpjj;jpy; jdpahu; epWtdq;fs; toq;Ftij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd tpNrl Vw;ghLfs; murpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

njhopy; kjpg;gPl;bd;NghJ gpurt tpLKiwf; fhyg;gFjpia Vida fhyg;gFjpapy; njhopyhsp nra;j gq;fspg;gpw;Fr; rkdhdjhfNt fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

njhopy; tpz;zg;gq;fspYk;> Neu;Kfj; Nju;Tfspd;NghJk; jpUkz me;j];Jg; gw;wp tprhupg;gJ rl;l uPjpahd Fw;wkhf khw;wk; ngw Ntz;Lk;.

njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fspd; NghJ gpurt tpLKiw fl;lhakhff; Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;baNjhL> fu;g;gkhf cs;s fhyg;gFjpapy; vt;tpj fhuzj;jpw;fhfTk; njhopypy; ,Ue;J ,ilepWj;j KbahJ vd;w rl;lj; jpUj;jKk; nfhz;Ltug;gl Ntz;Lk;.

gpurt tpLKiw je;ijf;Fk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. jw;NghJ eilKiwapy; fhzg;gLk; 3 ehl;fs; mjpfupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; %yk; Foe;ij tsu;g;gpy; Mz;fSf;Fk; gq;Fz;L vd;gij ntspf;nfhzuyhk;.

kfg;Ngw;Wr; rYiffs;> rl;lq;fs; njhlu;ghf nghJkf;fSf;F Fwpg;ghf jdpahu; Jiwapy; Ntiy nra;Ak; ngz;fSf;Fk; tpopg;Gzu;t+l;l Ntz;Lk;. toikahfg; ngz;fs; cupikfs; njhlu;ghf Ntiy nra;Ak; epWtdq;fs; fpuhk kl;lj;jpy; Ntiy nra;Ak; ngz;fisAk;> rptpy; r%fg; ngz;fisANk ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L tpog;Gzu;T epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wd. jdpahu; Jiwapy; njhopy; GupAk; ngz;fis ,yf;F itj;J nraw;gLtJ FiwthFk;. mt;thW jdpahu; Jiwia ,yf;F itj;J tpopg;Gzu;T epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis nra;jhYk; mit ngUk;ghYk; jpwd;rhuh (non-skill) njhopypy; cly; ciog;gpy; (Manual Labour) tq;fp nkd;nghUs; epWtdk;> gy;Njrpaf; fk;gdpfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; njhopy; GupAk; fy;tp fw;w ngz;fSf;F ,t;tpopg;Gzu;T kw;Wk; MjuT vd;gd mtrpakhf cs;sd. ngz;fs; cupikfs; fz;Nzhl;lj;ij ,e;epWtdq;fspw;Fs; nfhz;L tUtJ fbdkhf ,Uf;fpd;w NghjpYk; ,jw;fhdnthU jdpahd je;jpNuhghak; mtrpakhfpd;wJ.

nyl;Rkzd; fkNy];tup


vdf;F cd;dplj;jpy; ve;jnthU vjpu;ghu;g;Gkpy;iy.

Mdhy; rpy Ntisfspy;

cdf;Fvd;dplj;jpy;

vjpu;ghu;g;Gfs; ,Uf;fyhk;.

mg;NghJ njupag;gLj;J.epr;rakhf

Kaw;rp nra;JepiwNtw;WNtd;.

Vnddpy;Njhy;tpfisf; fz;L

J}u tpyfp XLk; Jzpr;ry; vdf;fpy;iy.

,d;gj;ij NghyNt Jd;gq;fisAk;

Jzpe;J cs;thq;fg; gof;fg;gl;lts; ehd;.

vdf;F vd; kPJcWjpahdek;gpf;if cz;L.

cd; myl;rpaKk; Mjpf;fKk;ntspr;rj;ij NjLfpd;wvdf;Ftpl;by; G+r;rpfs; Nghd;wit.

cdJtho;f;if Fwpj;J jPu;khdpf;fcdf;F cupj;Jz;L.

Mdhy;vd; tho;f;if Fwpj;jtplaq;fis eP jPu;khdpf;fTk;nraw;gLj;jTk; ehd;cld;glg; Nghtjpy;iy.

cd; Mjpf;fj;Js; vd;id gzpa itf;f Kaw;rp nra;ahNj.

fztd; vd;w cdJ me;j];Jk; mjpfhuKk;vdJ tpUg;gj;jpw;fg;ghy;vd;id vJTk; nra;J tplkhl;lhJ.

vdpDk;epidT gLj;jpf;nfhs;.

,g;nghOJk; nrhy;fpNwd; vdf;F cd;dplj;jpy; ve;jnthU vjpu;ghu;g;Gkpy;iy.

ju;rpdp nry;yj;Jiu


ngUk;ghyhNdhH vd;dplk; vg;NghJk; Nfl;Fk; Nfs;tpahf ,Ug;gJ> ePq;fs; ,g;NghJ vd;d nra;fpd;wPHfs;? vd;gjhFk;. Nfs;tpiaj; jtpHf;f Kbahj re;jHg;gq;fspy; ghlrhiy xd;wpy; fw;gpg;gjhf gjpy; $WNtd;.

cz;ikahfth> vd;d fw;gpf;fpd;wPHfs;?

ghypay; kw;Wk; ,dtpUj;jp Rfhjhuk;

ngUk;ghYk; vd;Dila gjpypd; gpd;dH> Nfs;tpia njhLj;jtNu jiyg;ig khw;Wtjw;F Kaw;rp nra;thH.

ePq;fs; ghlrhiy nry;Yk; khztHfSf;F MZiw gad;gLj;Jtjw;Ff; fw;gpg;gPHfsh?

,J vd;dplk; gyUk; nghJthff; Nfl;Fk; Nfs;tpahFk;. ,e;jf; Nfs;tpf;F gjpyspg;gjw;F vdf;F rpwpJ Neuk; vLf;Fk;. ,e;jf; Nfs;tpia vd;dplk; Nfl;Fk; gyH vz;ZtJ> ghypay; fy;tp vd;gJ> ghypay; elj;ij rk;ge;jg;gl;l tplag;gug;G rhHe;jJ khj;jpuk; vd;gjhFk;. vkf;F ghypay; elj;ij Fwpj;J vtUk; fw;gpf;f Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy> Vnddpy; ehk; ,aw;ifahfNt ghypay; tpyq;FfshFk;.

ghypay; fy;tpia ,sk; r%fj;jpdUf;F fw;gpf;f Ntz;baJ> fy;tp cupikahFNk jtpu> mtHfSf;F ghypay; elj;ij mwpahj tplak; vd;gjdhy; my;y. ghypay; kw;Wk; ,dtpUj;jp Rfhjhu cupikfs; vd;gJ> Rje;jpukhd ghypay; elj;ijf;fhd cupik my;y. ghypay; Fwpj;J jtww;w> KOikahd kw;Wk; taJf;F Vw;w jfty;fis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; cupikahFk;. jtww;w> KOikahd kw;Wk; taJf;F Vw;w fy;tpapd; Clhf jkJ cly; Fwpj;J> jtww;w jPHkhdk; vLg;gjw;F ,sk; r%fj;jpdH tYt+l;lg;gLtH. jtww;w mwptpd; ClhfNt cupik cWjp nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

ghypay; fy;tpapy; Njitahd kdpj

cwT vd;gJ> Mz;> ngz; clYwT

rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ khj;jpuky;y vd;gjid ,sk;

jiyKiwapdUf;F fw;gpg;gjhFk;. ghypay;

fy;tp vd;gJ ghypay; kw;Wk; mJ rhHe;j

jiyg;Gf;fs; njhlHgpy; jtww;w> KOikahd

kw;Wk; taJf;F Vw;w mwptpid toq;Fk;

tplag;gug;ghFk;.

jkJ clypy; cs;s ghypay; cWg;Gf;fspd; jtww;w ngaiu rpW taJ Kjy; mwpe;J itj;jpUg;gjd; jtW vd;d? cjhuzkhf> MZWg;gpw;F> gl;lh> Rf;fh> FUs;sh> #r;rh Nghd;w ngaHfis $Wtjid tpl;L> MZWg;G vdg; Gupar; nra;a KbAnkdpy;> mJ vj;jid rpwe;jJ? MZWg;G vd;gJ jtwhd thHj;ij my;y. mj;Jld;> mJ clypd; cWg;Gfspnyhd;W vd;gjhy; mjw;fhf ntl;fk; nfhs;s Ntz;bajpy;iy. rpW taJ KjNy> vkJ cly; Fwpj;J rpwe;j Gupe;JzHT vkf;Fs; Njhd;Wkhapd;> gpw;fhyj;jpy; Nehapy; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;Gg; ngWtJld;> jkJ clYf;F Kiwahd kupahij toq;Ftjw;Fk; Kaw;rpg;gH.

jtww;w> KOikahd kw;Wk; taJf;F Vw;w

ghypay; fy;tpapd; gpujhdkhd Nehf;fkhf

,Ug;gJ> jkJ cly; Fwpj;J rpWtaJ

KjNy kupahijia cUthf;FtjhFk;.

jkJ clYf;F kupahij toq;Fk; egH

xUtH> kw;iwa egupd; clYf;Fk; kupahij

toq;FthH. mt;thW jkf;Fs; Ra kupahijia

fl;bnaOg;Gk; egH> Vida egUf;F kupahij

mspg;ghH. kw;iwNahupd; cly; kPJ kupahij

fhl;Lk; egHfs;> VidNahiu jho;thf

elj;Jtjw;Nfh> ghugl;rkhf elj;Jtjw;Nfh

Kd;dH ,uz;L Kiw rpe;jpg;ghH. jkf;Fs;s cupik> VidNahUf;Fk; cs;sJ vd Vw;Wf; nfhs;thH. vdNt> jtww;w> KOikahd kw;Wk; taJf;F Vw;w ghypay; fy;tpiag; ngWk; egH> kw;WnkhUtupd; kupahijia Fiyf;Fk; tifapy; ele;J nfhs;skhl;lhH.

jkJ cliy kjpg;gtu;fs; VidNahupd; clYf;Fk;

kjpg;gspghh;fs;


http://www.st-marks-southampton.org.uk

,uz;lhk; juj;jpy; fy;tp fw;Fk; rpWtHfSf;F ehd; fw;gpf;Fk; ghly;> gpd;tUkhW:

ey;y njhLif - nfl;l njhLif vdf;Fj; njupAk; ,g;NghJ mk;kh Kj;jkpl;lhy; mg;gh ms;sp mizj;jhy;> jUk; Rfj;ijehd; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

ey;y njhLif - nfl;l njhLif vdf;Fj; njupAk; ,g;NghJ vdf;F gpbf;ftpy;iynad;why;> cq;fshy; KbahJ vd;idj; njhlfPo; cs;shilapy; ifitf;f ,lkspf;ff; $lhJ vd;gjid epidtpy; nfhs;Sq;fs;

ey;y njhLif - nfl;l njhLif vdf;Fj; njupAk; ,g;NghJ js;sp tpLtjw;Fmbg;gjw;Ftypg;gjw;F ahUf;F gpbf;Fk;ahUf;Fk; my;y

vdf;F ,ila+W tpistpf;f ahUf;Fk; mDkjp ,y;iy ey;y njhLif - nfl;l njhLif vdf;Fj; njupAk; ,g;NghJ

,e;jg; ghlypy; ey;y njhLif kw;Wk; nfl;l njhLif> mt;thwhd rpWtH J\;gpuNahfj;jpy; ,Ue;J vr;rupf;ifahf ,Uf;Fk; tpjk;> ahUk; jtwhf ele;jhy;

Ntz;lhk; vd;W $Wjy;> Xb tpLjy;> ngupatHfsplk; $Wjy; vd;gd Fwpj;J ehd; fw;gpf;fpd;Nwd;. rl;lj;ij gpd;gw;Wtjw;F gps;isfSf;F fw;gpj;jy; ,jd; Nehf;fkhFk;. jkf;F tpUg;gkpy;iynadpd;> jkJ cliyj; njhLtjw;F vtUf;Fk; mDkjp ,y;iy vd;gjidAk;> vtUk; jg;ghd tpjj;jpy; jkf;F mnrsfupak; Vw;gLk; tpjj;jpy; njhl;lhy; cldbahf Ntz;lhk; vd;W $Wtjw;Fk;> mq;fpUe;J ntspNawp ek;gpf;ifAs;s eguplk; nrd;W njuptpg;gjw;Fk; cjTk;. NkNyhl;lkhfg; ghHf;Fk; NghJ rhjhuz tplakhf ,Ue;jhYk;> ,jd; %yk; njuptpf;fg;gLk; nra;jpahf ,Ug;gJ> vkJ cyfpy; ,Uf;Fk; rpf;fy;fs; gytw;iw jPHf;Fk; Mw;wy; kpf;fjhf ,e;j tplag;gug;G cs;sJ.

VidNahupd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F kjpg;gspj;jy;

1. jkJ cliyj; njhLtjw;F ,d;ndhUtUf;F ,ayhJ vd;gJld;> jkf;Fk; ,d;ndhUtupd; cliyj; njhLtjw;fhd cupik ,y;iy vd;gJ cz;ikahFk;. ghypay; elj;ijapy; tpUg;gkhd> Mq;fpynkhopapy; $Wtjhapd; Consent kpfTk; mtrpakhFk;. kw;iwa egupd; tpUg;gkpd;wp Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; ghypay; elj;ijia J\;gpuNahfk; my;yJ ghypay; gyhj;fhuk; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. rpW taJ KjNy VidNahupd; tpUg;G Fwpj;J


fw;Fk; rpWtHfs;> tpUg;gj;ij kjpg;gjw;F goFtH. mtHfs; ngupatHfshdJk; ghypay; elj;ijapd; Clhf khj;jpukpd;wp> tho;f;ifapd; midj;J re;jHg;gq;fspYk; VidNahupd; tpUg;gj;jpw;Fk; kjpg;gspg;gH. VidNahupd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F kjpg;gspf;Fk; r%fk;> ngz;fis jhf;fhJ. ngz;fs; kPJ J\;gpuNahfk; nra;akhl;lhHfs;. rpWtHfs; kPJ J\;gpuNahfk; nra;akhl;lhHfs;. gyte;jkhf jpUkzk; nra;akhl;lhHfs;. gps;isfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F my;yJ ngw;Wf; nfhs;shJ ,Ug;gjw;F gyte;jg;gLj;jkhl;lhHfs;. RUf;fkhf nrhy;tjhapd;> VidNahupd; tpUg;gjw;F kjpg;gspf;Fk; r%fk; xd;W fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk;.

vjpHg;gjw;fhd ijupak;

2. Ntz;lhk; vdf; $Wjy;> XLjy;> ek;gpf;ifahdtuplk; $Wjy;> rl;lKk; rpWtH J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l rl;lk; my;y. mt;thNw jkJ fUj;jpid Neubahf njuptpg;gjw;F gps;isfSf;F ijupak; toq;fy;. jkf;F mnrsfupaj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;> ,d;dy; Vw;gLj;Jk; egHfspy; ,Ue;J ntspNaWtjw;F ijupag;gLj;jy;. jhk; vjpHnfhs;Sk; ,ila+W Fwpj;Jf; fijg;gjw;Fk; kw;Wk; mtw;wpypUe;J ntspNaWtjw;F cjTtjw;Fk; ijupak; fpilf;Fk;. vkJ ehl;by; td;Kiwia vjpHnfhs;Sk; ngz;fspy; ngUk;ghyhNdhH mJ Fwpj;J fijg;gjw;F> mtw;wpypUe;J tpyFtjw;F kw;Wk; cjtp ngWtjw;Fj; jaf;fk; fhl;Lfpd;wdH. mt;thNw cjtp ngWtjw;F Kd;tUk; ngz;fSk;> kPz;Lk; td;Kiwf;F cs;shfpd;wdH. ngz;fSf;Fj; jkJ ghypay; tho;f;if> nghUshjhu tho;f;ifiag; Nghd;W> r%f tho;f;if Fwpj;J RahjPdkhf jPHkhdk; vLg;gjw;F cs;s trjp FiwthFk;. rpWtaJ KjNy jtww;w> KOikahd kw;Wk; taJf;F Vw;w ghypay; fy;tp toq;Ftjd; Clhf rpWkpfisg; Nghd;Nw> rpWtHfSf;Fk; jkJ fUj;J kw;Wk; tpUg;gk; Fwpj;J Fuy; vOg;Gtjw;F ijupak; fpilf;Fk;. cjtp ngw;W> tho;f;ifia rpwg;ghf Kd;ndLg;gjw;F ijupak; Vw;gLk;.

rpWtajpNyNa nfsutk;> nrtpkLj;jy; Nghd;w tplaq;fis fw;gjd; Clhf rpwe;j r%fj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;g KbAk;. vdpDk;> me;jf; fw;wy; taJf;F Vw;w tifapy; njhlHe;J Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;. cjhuzkhf> g+g;giljy; kw;Wk; mJ rhHe;j khw;wq;fs; Fwpj;J fw;wy; Kf;fpakhFk;. mt;thwhd khw;wq;fs; ,aw;if capHtho;f;if khw;wq;fs; vdTk;> mJ Fwpj;J ntl;fg;glj; Njitapy;iy vdTk;> ,isa r%fj;jpw;F Gupe;JzHit Vw;gLj;JtJ mtrpakhf ,Ug;gJ> jkJ cly; Fwpj;j mtHfspd; kjpg;gpid mjpfupg;gjw;fhFk;.

ghypay; fy;tp njhlHgpy; epyTk; gpujhd rpf;fyhf ,Ug;gJ> ghypay; Fwpj;j fw;wypd; Clhf ,isQH r%fk; tpiuthf ghypay; elj;ijapy; KOikahd> kw;Wk; taJf;F Vw;w ghypay; fy;tp ^Accurate,comprehensive & age appropriate sex education)

cyf Rfhjhu ];jhgdj;jpdhy; cyfk; KOtJk; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; ghypay; fy;tp epfo;r;rp 35,id gad;gLj;jp elj;jg;gl;l fy;tpapd; Kbthf ,Ug;gJ> jtww;w>

rpWtaJ KjNy jtww;w> KOikahd kw;Wk; taJf;F Vw;w ghypay; fy;tp toq;Ftjd; Clhf rpWkpfisg; Nghd;Nw> rpWtHfSf;Fk; jkJ fUj;J kw;Wk; tpUg;gk; Fwpj;J Fuy; vOg;Gtjw;F ijupak; fpilf;Fk;. cjtp ngw;W> tho;f;ifia rpwg;ghf Kd;ndLg;gjw;F ijupak; Vw;gLk;.


KOikahd kw;Wk; taJf;F Vw;w fy;tpapd; Clhf ,isa r%fj;jpdH ghypay; elj;ijapy; KOikahd kw;Wk; taJf;F Vw;w ghypay; fy;tp epfo;r;rpfis tplf; FiwT vd;gjhFk;.

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ghy;epiy rkj;Jtk; njhlHghd Gupe;JzHT

njhlHGfs; Clhf mjpfhuk; epfOk; tpjk; kw;Wk; rkj;Jtk; Fwpj;j Gupe;JzHit Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd rpwe;j Kiw jtww;w> KOikahd kw;Wk; taJf;F Vw;w ghypay; fy;tpahFk;. mt;thwhd ghypay; fy;tpapd; Clhf ,isQH r%fj;jpw;F fw;gpg;gJ MZiw gad;ghL kw;Wk; Foe;ijf; fl;Lg;ghL Kiw Fwpj;J khj;jpuky;y. jtww;w> KOikahd kw;Wk; taJf;F Vw;w ghypay; fy;tpapd; Clhf egHfspd; njhlHG Fwpj;J kpfTk; rpwe;j fUj;jpid fl;bnaOg;GtJld;> td;Kiw Fiwe;j cwTk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk;.

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vdf; Fwpg;gpLk; me;j topfhl;b> mjpy; cs;slf;fg;gl Ntz;ba mj;jpahtrpakhd 7 tplaq;fis Kd;itf;fpd;wJ. mitahtd> ghy;epiy rkj;Jtk;> ghypay; kw;Wk; ,dtpUj;jp RfhjhuKk;> cupikAk;> vr;.I.tp cs;slq;fyhf ghypay; rhH njhw;Wfs;> ghypay; gq;Nfw;G> jpUg;jp> td;Kiw> gy;tifik kw;Wk; egHfSf;F ,ilapyhd njhlHG vd;gdthFk;.

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,jd; fhuzkhfj;jhd; vk;ikg; Nghd;w ehl;bw;F jtww;w> KOikahd kw;Wk; taJf;F Vw;w ghypay; fy;tpKiw mtrpakhFk;. ,jw;F vjpHg;Gj; njuptpf;Fk; ngUk;ghyhNdhH ghypay; Fwpj;J fijg;gJ vkJ fyhrhj;jpw;F tpNuhjkhdJ vd;fpd;wdH. mt;thW vz;ZgtHfsplk; Nfl;f Ntz;baJ xU Nfs;tpNa. cq;fs; fyhrhuk; ngz;fis J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F cl;gLj;Jtij mDkjpf;fpd;wjh? cq;fSila gjpy; ,y;iy vd;gjhapd;> ghlrhiyf;Fs; jtww;w> KOikahd kw;Wk; taJf;F Vw;w ghypay; fy;tp toq;Ftjw;F xj;Jiog;G toq;Fq;fs;. fy;tp vd;gJ cq;fSila Foe;ijapd; cupik vd;gjid epidtpy; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

cq;fSla gjpy; Mk; vd;gjhapd;> cq;fSila fyhrhuj;ij khw;Wtjw;F Kaw;rp nra;Aq;fs;. cq;fshy; mjid nra;a Kbatpy;iynadpd;> tpiuthf me;j fyhrhuj;ij tpl;L ntspNar; nry;Yq;fs;. mLj;j epkplj;jpNyNa> cq;fSila Foe;ij> rNfhjuH> fztH my;yJ kidtp> ngw;NwhH> kjj; jiytHfs;> nghyp]hH> murpay;thjpfs; my;yJ ve;jnthU eguhYk; ePq;fs; J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F cs;shfyhk;.

gpugh Njrg;gpupa


ngz; Xu; mw;Gjkhd kdpj capup. ,e;jg; ngsjPf cyfpNy khdpl ,Ug;gpidj; jf;fitg;gjpy; mtspd; fUg;ig vDk; rpd;dQ; rpwpa cyFf;F kpfg; ngUk; gq;Fz;L. me;j kdpj kW cw;gj;jp Mw;wy; xU tukhf ,Ug;gJ NghyNt> NtW rpy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; xU rhgkhf khwptpLk; epiyAk; mwNt ,y;yhky; ,y;iy.

fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,yq;if K];ypk; r%fk; gw;wpa fijahly;fspd; NghNjh> K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; kPjhd ntWg;gurpay; czu;T J}z;lg;gLk; NghNjh> mtu;fs; mjpf gps;isfisg; ngWtJ gw;wpa fUj;J NknyOe;jJ. mt;thNw> jPtpu tyJrhup rpq;fs ngsj;ju;fshy; jkJ ,dj;jpd; epiyNgwhf;fj;jpw;fhf xt;nthU rpq;fsg; ngz;Zk; Fiwe;jJ Ie;J gps;isfisg; ngw;Wj; juNtz;Lk; vd;w Fuy; vOg;gg;gl;lJ. ,e;jpahtpYk; tyJrhup `pe;Jj;Jth mikg;gpdu; ,Nj Nfhupf;ifia Kd;itj;J> `pe;Jg; ngz;fs; mjpf gps;isfisg; ngwNtz;Lk; vdf; Nfhupdu;. ngh];dpag; ngz;fis Kfhk;fspy; milj;J itj;J> mtu;fs; fUTWk; tiuAk; Nru;gpa ,uhZtk; njhlu;r;rpahff; $l;Lg; ghypay; ty;YwT nra;jJ. iejPupahtpd; nghNfh `uhk; jPtputhjf; FO gs;spr; rpWkpaiuf; flj;jpr; nrd;W ghypay; mbikfsha; elj;jpajpy; mNdf rpWkpfs; fu;g;gtjpfs; MfpapUe;jdu;. jkJ ,dj;ij> kjj;ij> rhjpiar; rhu;e;j ngz;> mNj ,dj;ij> kjj;ij> rhjpiar; rhuhj xUtuhy; fUTWk; epiyiar; rfpf;f Kbahky; Mq;fhq;Nf nfsutf; nfhiyfs; ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wd. `pl;yu; fhy N[u;kd; muRk; jw;Nghija ,];Nuypa muRk; ,dj;J}a;ik> gpw ,df; fyg;gpd;ik njhlu;gpy; nfhz;l jPtpu mf;fiw kpf ntspg;gilahdJ. rPd muR xU Foe;ijf;FNky; ngwf;$lhJ vdr; rl;lk; ,aw;wpapUe;jJ.

,t;thwhf> ,dj;Jt - rka Nkhjy;fs; vd;W tUk;NghJk;> mjpfhug; Nghl;b cs;spl;l gy;NtW fhuzq;fis mbg;gbahf itj;Jk; mtw;wpd; tpistpidg; ngz;Zly; kPJ Neu;kiwahfNth vjpu;kiwahfNth gpuNahfpf;Fk; Kiwik - ,d;ndhU tifapy; nrhy;tjhdhy; ngz;Zly;>

mJ mtSi

la

fu;g;gg;ig

,dj;Jt - rka Nkhjy;fs; vd;W tUk;NghJk;> mjpfhug; Nghl;b cs;spl;l gy;NtW fhuzq;fis mbg;gbahf itj;Jk; mtw;wpd; tpistpidg; ngz;Zly; kPJ Neu;kiwahfNth vjpu;kiwahfNth gpuNahfpf;Fk; Kiwik - ,d;ndhU tifapy; nrhy;tjhdhy; ngz;Zly;> my;yJ mtSila fUg;ig murpayhf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

"

'


my;yJ mtSila fUg;ig murpayhf;fg;gLtJ - njhd;W njhl;L cyfpd; gy;NtW epyq;fspYk; epytp tUfpd;wJ vd;gijNa Nkw;gb epfo;Tfs; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. Mf nkhj;jj;jpy; fhyq; fhykhfg; ngz;Zly;> Fwpg;ghf mtSila fUg;ig Xu; murpay;> ,dj;Jt> r%fg; nghUshjhu MAjkhfTk; kWjiyahf> td;kj;Jf;F ,yf;fhf;fpg; gop jPu;f;Fk; Nghu;f; fskhfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;Js;sij tuyhW neLfpYk; ehk; fhz;fpNwhk;.

kdpj kWTUthf;fk; vd;gJ ngz;Zila ,aw;ifahd Mw;wyhFk;. mjid mbg;gilahf itj;J> mts; mjpf Foe;ijfisg; ngw;Wj; ju Ntz;Lk; vd;Nwh> xNunahU gps;isf;FNky; ngwf;$lhJ vd;Nwh> Mz; Foe;ijfis kl;LNk ngwNtz;Lk; vd;Nwh xU ngz;zpd; fUg;ig kPJ gpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; rl;lq;fSk; epu;g;ge;jq;fSk; mts; kPjhd mj;JkPwyhFk; vd;gjpy; khw;Wf; fUj;jpy;iy.

ehk; thOk; r%fj;jpy; ngz;fspd; epiy Kd;diu tpl Nkk;gl;Ls;sJ> Rje;jpukhdjhf khwpAs;sJ vd;nwy;yhk; Ngrg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. mNjNtis> mts; Foe;ij ngWk; Xu; ,ae;jpukhff; fUjg;gLk; r%f kdepiy Kw;whf khwptpl;lJ vd;W Vf kdjhfr; nrhy;y Kbahj xU #o;epiy fhzg;gLtijAk; kWg;gjw;F ,y;iy.

,e;epiyapy;>mJ mtSila fUg;ig vd;w gpuf;iQAk; mjD}L vg;NghJ> vj;jid gps;isfs; ngwNtz;Lk; Kjyhd jPu;khdq;fspd;NghJ mtSila tfpghfKk; kpfTk; mbg;gilahdJ. Njitahd NghJ FLk;gj; jpl;lkply; Nkw;nfhs;tjpy; ve;jj; jtWkpy;iy vd;gd njhlu;gpy; Mokhd GupjYk; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; gutyila Ntz;Lk;.

,e;jg; gpd;Gyj;jpy;> Foe;ijg;NgW kw;Wk; FLk;gj; jpl;lkply; njhlu;gpy; ,];yhk; vd;d nrhy;fpwJ vd;gij Muha;tJk;> K];ypk; r%fj;jpy;> Fwpg;ghfg; ngz;fs; kj;jpapy; mJ gw;wpa Gupe;Jzu;itg; gutyhf;FtJNk ,f;fl;Liuapd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhFk;.

,];yhk; Foe;ijg; Ngw;iwf; fztd; - kidtp ,UtUf;Fk; ,ilapyhd xU $l;L cupikahfNt (Shared right) fUJfpd;wJ. mtu;fs; ,UtuJk; xUq;fpize;j Kbtpd; mbg;gilapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;ba xU eilKiwahFk;. K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; cs;s gyu; ek;gpf;nfhz;L ,Ug;gJNghy> mJ jdpNa fztdpd; jPu;khdj;Jf;F kl;Lk; cupaJ vd ,];yhk; xUNghJk; $wtpy;iy. vdpDk;> rpyu; mJ fztdpd; jdp cupikNa vd;W epWTk; nghUl;Lg; gpd;tUk; my;Fu;Md; trdj;ij Mjhukhff; fhl;Lthu;fs;:

cq;fs; kidtpau; cq;fs; tpisepyq;fs; Mthu;fs;. vdNt> cq;fs; tpUg;gg;gb cq;fs; tpis epyq;fSf;Fr; nry;Yq;fs; (#wh my;gfuh:223)

vdpDk;> ,e;jf; Fu;Md; trdk;> clYwtpd; Nghjhd cr;r ,d;gj;ijg; ngWtjpy; njspthf jiltpjpf;fg;gl;l rpy eilKiwfs; jtpu;j;J Vida topKiwfs; MFkhditNa vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpLk; tifapNyNa cs;sNj my;yhky;> gps;isg;NgW njhlu;gpy; fztdpd; jdpj; jPu;khdj;ij epu;zapg;gjw;fhf mUsg;gl;ljy;y.

kdpj kWTUthf;fk; vd;gJ ngz;Zila ,aw;ifahd Mw;wyhFk;. mjid mbg;gilahf itj;J> mts; mjpf Foe;ijfisg; ngw;Wj; ju Ntz;Lk; vd;Nwh> xNunahU gps;isf;FNky; ngwf;$lhJ vd;Nwh> Mz; Foe;ijfis kl;LNk ngwNtz;Lk; vd;Nwh xU ngz;zpd; fUg;ig kPJ gpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; rl;lq;fSk; epu;g;ge;jq;fSk; mts; kPjhd mj;JkPwyhFk;


nghJthf> K];ypk;fspd; kj;jpapy; FLk;gj; jpl;lkply; njhlu;gpy; vjpu;kiwahd fUj;J epytptUtij ehk; mwpNthk;. mjw;fhd fhuzk;> mjid xU ghtr; nray; vd;Wk;> rpRf;nfhiy vd;Wk; mtu;fs; ek;gp tUtjhFk;. ,];yhk; mjid mq;fPfupj;Js;sJ vd;w tplak; gw;wpg; Nghjpa njsptpd;ikNa ,jw;fhd fhuzkhFk;. cz;ikapy;> egp K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; m];y; vdg;gLk; FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiw xd;W iff;nfhs;sg;gl;L te;Js;sJ. mjhtJ> clYwtpd; NghJ> fztd; jdJ tpe;jpid kidtpapd; fUg;igf;Fs; tplhky;> ntspNa tpLk; KiwNa m];y; vdg;gLfpd;wJ. mNjNtis> clYwtpd; Nghjhd ,d;gk; njhlu;gpy; ngz;zpd; cupikiaf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L mt;thW m];y; nra;Ak; NghJ$l kidtpapd; tpUg;gKk; mDkjpAk; Kf;fpakhdJ vd egpatu;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sik Nehf;fj;jf;fJ.

FLk;gj; jpl;lkply; njhlu;gpy; ,];yhj;jpd; epiyghl;ilj; njspTWj;JKfkhd ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fspd; fUj;Jf;fs; vt;thW mike;Js;sd vd;gijr; rw;W tpupthf Nehf;FtJ mJ gw;wpa njsptpidg; gutyhf;Fk;. vdNt> ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs; rpyupd; fUj;Jf;fis Nehf;FNthk;:

my; m];`upd; ,];yhkpa mwpQu; fyhepjp ku;`_k; /GMj; Kifkhu;: ,];yhj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu> jpUkzj;jpd; mjp cd;djg; gad; Foe;ijg; NgwhFk;. vdpDk;> fztd; - kidtp ,UtUf;Fk; Foe;ij ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ njhlu;gpy; VNjDk; ,lu;g;ghLfs; epyTk; gl;rj;jpy;> mjd; tpisthf mtu;fspilNaahd md;Gf;Fk; md;dpNahd;dpaj;Jf;Fk; CW tpisahJ vd;w cj;juthjj;Jldhd cld;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy; mtu;fs; mjidj; jtpu;j;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. mtu;fspd; nghWikf;F my;yh`; mUs;nra;thdhf.

,];yhkpa rl;lj; jPu;g;Gfs; kw;Wk; Ma;TfSf;fhd INuhg;gpaf; fTd;]pypd; gpujpg; gzpg;ghsuhd m\;N\a;f; /ig]y; kt;ytp: rpy mwpQu;fs; kidtpapd; tpUg;gk; ,y;yhkYk; m];y; nra;ayhk; vdf;$wpAs;s NghjpYk;> xU fztd; jd; kidtpapd;

mDkjpNahL m];y; nra;ayhk; vd;gij ngUk;ghd;ikahd ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;shu;fs;. NkYk;> khu;f;fk; mDkjpf;Fk; fhuzq;fSf;fhf my; m];ypd; Nehf;fj;ij milaf;$ba tpjj;jpyhd etPd tpQ;Qhd eilKiwfisg; gpd;gw;wyhk; vd;gijg; ngUk;ghd;ikahd ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;sdu;. mt;thNw> xU kidtp Foe;ij ngw;Wf;nfhs;tij tpUk;gtpy;iy vdpy;> vy;yh tifahd m];y; KiwfSk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljhFk; vd;gij midj;J mwpQu;fSk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

m\;N\a;f; mg;Jy; fhypf; `]d; m\;\uP/g;: ,];yhj;jpd; ghu;itapy; jpUkz tho;tpd; kpf mbg;gilahd vjpu;ghu;f;iffspy; Foe;ijg; NgWk; xd;whFk;. rl;lG+u;tkhd Kiwapy; jkJ thupirg; ngWtijAk; ghypay; ,ay;G+f;fj;ijg; G+u;j;jpnra;tijAk; ,iwtd; mDkjpj;Js;shd;. K`k;kj; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jkJ Njhou;fSf;F my; m];y; nra;tjw;F mDkjpj;Js;sNjhL> Foe;ijg; NgW njhlu;gpy; my;yh`; ehbaij ahuhYk; jLj;Jtpl KbahJ vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;fs;. vdNt> fztd; - kidtp Mfpa ,UtuJk; cld;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy; my; m];y; nra;tij ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs; mq;fPfupj;Js;shu;fs;. vdpd;> kidtp mjid tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;why;> mt;thW nra;tJ jLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xU kidtp jha;ik va;j tpUk;gpdhy; mtSila mt;Tupikia kWg;gjw;F mtsJ fztDf;F ve;jtpj rl;lG+u;t cupikAk; ,y;iy.

m\;N\a;f; A+]_/g; my; fu;shtp: kdpj ,dk; mopTw;W tplhky; fhf;Fk; tifapy; kdpj kW cw;gj;jpia Nkw;nfhs;tJ jpUkzj;jpd; mbg;gil Nehf;fq;fspy; xd;whFk;. mjd;gb> Foe;ijfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tij ,];yhk; tuNtw;fpwJ. Mz; - ngz; re;jjpfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ njhlu;gpy; ed;khuhak; $Wfpd;wJ. epahakhd fhuzq;fSf;fhfTk; Njitg;ghLfSf;fhfTk; FLk;gj; jpl;lkpliy ,];yhk; mq;fPfupj;Js;sJ. ,jd; nghUl;L egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nghJthd FLk;gj;jpl;l eltbf;ifahf my; m];y;


fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. my;Fu;Md; mUsg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j fhyfl;lj;jpy;$l egpj;Njhou;fs; ,k;Kiwiaf; iff;nfhs;gtu;fshf ,Ue;Js;sdu; vd [hgpu; (wop) mwptpj;Js;shu;fs;. (]`P`; G`hup> K];ypk;). NkYk;> kw;Nwhu; mwptpg;gpy; ,iwJ}ju; (]y;) mtu;fsJ fhyj;jpYk; ehk; m];y; nra;J nfhz;bUe;Njhk;. mJ gw;wpa nra;jp mtu;fis vl;ba NghjpYk;> mtu;fs; vq;fis mjpypUe;J jLf;ftpy;iy (]`P`; K];ypk;) vd [hgpu; (wop) mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;fs;.

,t;thwhf> ,];yhj;jpy; FLk;gj; jpl;lkplYf;fhd mDkjpAk; topfhl;lYk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sNjhL> Foe;ijiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjh> ,y;iyah vd;w ,Wjpj; jPu;khdk; njhlu;gpy; fUitr; Rkg;gtshd ngz;Zf;Fs;s cupikf;Ff; fz;zpakspj;Js;sJ. fUitr; Rkf;Fk; ngz;zpd; cly;epiy> kdepiy gw;wpa fupridia ,];yhk; typAWj;Jfpd;wJ vd;gJk; ngz;iz ntWkNd xU Foe;ij ngWk; ,ae;jpukhfg; ghu;g;gij mJ mq;fPfupf;ftpy;iy vd;gJk; ,jd;%yk; kpfj; njspthfg; Gyg;gLfpd;wJ.

vdNt> xU Foe;ijiag; ngWtJ njhlu;gpy; ngz;zpd; cly;epiy> kdepiy> FLk;gr; #oy;> jha; - Nra; MNuhf;fpak; Kjyhd ,d;Ndhud;d mk;rq;fs; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLtij ,];yhk; typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,t;tk;rq;fisf; fUj;jpw;nfhs;tNjhL> ,uz;L Foe;ijfSf;F ,ilapy; Mff; Fiwe;j gl;rk; ,uz;L tUl ,ilntspiaNaDk; NgZtij Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ vd;gij> ,uz;L tUlfhyk; Foe;ijf;F epug;gkhfg; ghY}l;Ljy; njhlu;ghd Fu;Md; (2:233) trdj;jpy; ,Ue;J mwpe;Jnfhs;s KbAk;. mq;Fk;$l> jha;g;ghiy ,ilepWj;JtJ njhlu;gpy; fztDk; kidtpAk; fye;J Ngrp KbntLg;gij ,];yhk; tuNtw;fpwJ.

FLk;gj;jpl;lkply; Fwpj;j Ngr;R NknyOk; Nghnjy;yhk;> rpyu; mjidg; ghtfhupakhff; fUJtNjhL> ePq;fs; tWikf;Fg; gae;J cq;fSila Foe;ijfisf; nfhiy nra;ahjPu;fs;; mtu;fSf;Fk; cq;fSf;Fk; ehNk czit (tho;f;if trjpfisAk;)

mspf;fpd;Nwhk; - mtu;fisf; nfhy;Yjy; epr;rakhfg; ngUk; gpioahFk;. (17:31.) vd;w Fu;Md; trdj;ij Kd;itj;J> jkJ FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu epiyapidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;l ve;jj; jpl;lkplYk; ,d;wp mLj;jLj;Jf; Foe;ijfs; ngWtijr; rupahd eilKiw vdf; fUJtijf; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. ,JTk; xU jtwhd GupjyhFk;. fhuzk;> rpRf; nfhiyiaj; jLf;Fk; Kfkhd ,iw trdNk mJthFk;. tWikiaf; fhuzkhf itj;Jg; ngw;w Foe;ijiaf; nfhy;tJk;> njUtpNy tPrp vwpe;Jtpl;Lr; nry;tJk; kdpjj;jd;ikaw;w nray;fNs vd;gij mwpTs;s vtUk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tu;. vdNt> mt;thW gps;isiag; ngw;wgpd; mePjp ,iog;gij tpl> cupa jpl;lkply;fNshL Foe;ijg; Ngw;wpidf; ifahs;tJ NkyhdjhFk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.

cz;ikapy;> FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu epiyikia mbg;gilahf itj;J tho;f;ifj; jPu;khdq;fs; vLg;gij ,];yhk; Gwf;fzpf;ftpy;iy vd;gjw;Fg; gpd;tUk; my;Fu;Md; trdKk; egpnkhopAk; Mjhukhf ,Uf;fpd;wd: tpthfk; nra;tjw;F (cupa trjpfisg;) ngw;Wf; nfhs;shjtu;fs; - mtu;fis my;yh`; jk; ey;yUspdhy; rPkhd;fshf;Fk; tiu - mtu;fs; xOf;fk; Ngzl;Lk; (24:33.)

,iwj;J}ju; (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: cq;fspy;> jpUkzj;jpw;fhd nrytpdq;fSf;Fr; rf;jpngw;wtu; jpUkzk;

xU Foe;ijiag; ngWtJ njhlu;gpy; ngz;zpd; cly;epiy> kdepiy> FLk;gr; #oy;> jha; - Nra; MNuhf;fpak; Kjyhd ,d;Ndhud;d mk;rq;fs; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLtij ,];yhk; typAWj;Jfpd;wJ.


nra;al;Lk;;. Vnddpy;> jpUkzk; (md;dpag; ngz;fisg; ghu;g;gijtpl;Lk;) ghu;itiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;; fw;igf; fhf;Fk;. ahu; mjw;Fr; rf;jp ngwtpy;iyNah mtu; Nehd;G Nehw;fl;Lk;. mJ mtupd; ,r;iriaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;" vd mg;Jy;yh`; (uyp) mwptpj;jhu;. (]`P`; G`hup 1905). vdNt> xUtu; jpUkzk; Kbg;gjw;fhd Kd;dpge;jidahf mtuJ nghUshjhu epiyik ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. mjhtJ> mtuJ FLk;g tho;itf; nfhz;L elj;Jtjw;fhd> kidtp kw;Wk; Foe;ijfspd; Njitfis epiwTnra;Ak; nghUshjhuj;ij mtu; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mbg;gil epge;jid vd;whfpwJ. MfNt> ,iwtd; jUfpwhd;> ngWfpd;Nwhk; vd;W $wpf;nfhz;L> Njitahd jahupg;Gfs; mw;w epiyapy; tUle;NjhWk; mLf;fLf;fha;f; Foe;ijfisg; ngWtNjh> mtu;fspd; czT> fy;tp Kjyhd mbg;gilj; Njitfis cupa tpjj;jpy; epiwNtw;w Kbahky; my;yhLtNjh ,];yhk; fhl;bj;jUk; Kiwik my;y vd;w Gupe;Jzu;Tk;> ,JNghd;w tplaq;fspy; Nghjpa jpl;lkplYk;> epjhdkhd Nghf;Fk; iff;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;w tpopg;Gzu;Tk; ghku kf;fspilNa gutyhf;fg;gl Ntz;baJ fhyj;jpd; NjitahFk;.

mLj;J> fUf;fiyg;G njhlu;gpy; ,];yhj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lk; vd;d vd;gJ gw;wpAk; Nehf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. fUf;fiyg;G njhlu;gpy; fUj;Jj; njuptpf;Fk; Nguhrpupau; jhupf; ukjhd;> ,Jnjhlu;gpy; ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs; kj;jpapy; tpj;jpahrkhd fUj;Jf;fs; epyTfpd;wd. fUf;fiyg;Gf; $lhJ vd;gNj xUkpj;j nghJthd fUj;jhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. xNunahU tpjptpyf;fhd re;ju;g;gj;jpy; kl;LNk fUf;fiyg;gpid Nkw;nfhs;syhk; vdg; ngUk;ghyhd mwpQu;fs; fUj;Jiuf;fpd;wdu;. fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ijapdhy;> jhapd; capUf;F Mgj;J NeUk; vd ,Uf;Fkhdhy;> jhiaf; fhf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; fUf;fiyg;gpid Nkw;nfhs;syhk; vd;gNj mg;nghJthd epiyg;ghlhFk;. vdpDk;> 12 Mk; E}w;whz;ilr; Nru;e;j ,];yhkpa mwpQu; mG+ `hkpj; K`k;kj; my; f];]hyp mtu;fs;> rpyFwpg;gpl;l epahakhd

fhuzq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; fUTw;w %d;W khj fhyq;fSf;Fs; fUf;fiyg;Gr; nra;ayhk; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. ghypay; ty;Ywtpdhy; fUj;jupj;j xU ngz;izg; nghUj;jtiuapy;> mf;fUtpidf; fiyg;gJ njhlu;gpy; ]T+jpia ikakhff; nfhz;l mwpQu;fs; $lhJ vd;Nw fUj;Jiuj;j NghjpYk; Vida mwpQu;fs; mt;thW nra;a ,aYk; vd;Nw Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;. mt;tNw> gpwf;fg;NghFk; Foe;ij %is tsu;r;rp Fd;wpajhfNth mJNghd;w NtW Nkhrkhd Neha;f;Fwpfisf; nfhz;ljhfNth mikAkplj;Jk; cupa topfhl;ly;fSf;F mika fUf;fiyg;gpid Nkw;nfhs;syhk; vdj; jdJ ciunahd;wpy; njspTWj;Jfpd;whu;. vdpDk;> fUf;fiyg;G MFkhdJ> mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W vy;NyhUf;Fk; nghJthd xU KbT vLf;f KbahJ vdTk;> kUj;Jtf; fhuzq;fs;> ghypay; ty;Ywtpdhyhd fu;g;gk; Kjyhf kpfTk; neUf;fbahd #o;epiyfspd;NghJ kl;Lk;> cupa topfhl;ly;fNshL nra;aj;jf;f tpjptpyf;fhd xU nraw;ghlhFNk md;wp xU nghJthd nraw;ghly;y vd;Wk; mtu; jdJ ciuapy; jpl;ltl;lkhf mwpTWj;jpAs;shu; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

,t;thwhf> gps;isg;NgW> FLk;gj;jpl;lkply;> fUf;fiyg;G Kjyhd mk;rq;fspy; ,];yhk; ngz;zpd; tpUg;gk;> cly;epiy> kdepiy Kjyhd ,d;Ndhud;d eyd;rhu;e;j mk;rq;fis mbg;gilahf itj;J ngz;Zila cupikfSf;Fg; Nghjpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fpAs;sJ vd;gijAk;> mit njhlu;ghd tpopg;Gzu;Tk; Gupe;Jzu;Tk; r%fj;jpy; gutyhf Ntz;ba Njit cs;sJ vd;gijAk; ehk; czu;e;Jnfhs;syhk;.

_________crhj;Jizfs;:

A+]_g; my; fu;shtp> (2008) ]_d;dhit mZFk; Kiw: mbg;gilfSk; epakq;fSk; (nkhopngau;g;G)> ju;fh efu;: /G]pd; nlf;];l;];.ffjoH kuqka t't,a'"bia,d Ouh iy mjq,a ie,iq" o.d k.rh(mdGl ljh ^iag il,a&http://goo.gl/j4Qe0Bhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrFJHqr77DQhttps://goo.gl/hjg7H9http://academicjournals.org/article/article1379855512_Noor%20et%20al.pdf

ywPdh V. `f;


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SOL 2015 -1st Issue

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Transcript of SOL 2015 -1st Issue