Software Application Group Assignment

Group Assignment 1 BIM Software

Software Application for Quantity Surveying

(CSC60603)

Miss Lim Tze Shwan

Sr. Habizah Sheikh Ilmi

Joshua Chua Shu Min (0313572)

Cassandra Wong XinYue (0313365)

Muhammad Haziq bin Hj. Zariful (0314131)

Chan Hui Yong (0313991)

Enoch Ang Ee Nok (0318965)

MARCH 2014 INTAKE SOFTWARE APPLICATION ( CSC60603 )

GROUP MEMBER: JOSHUA CHUA SHU MIN, CASSANDRA WONG XINYUE, ENOCH ANG EE NOK, CHAN HUI YONG, MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN HJ ZARIFUL

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PART DESCRIPTION PAGE

A

1.0 INTRODUCTION 3

2.0 ON-SCREEN TAKEOFFF 2.1 FUNCTIONS 2.2 LIMITATIONS

4-8

3.0 INNOVAYA 3.1 FUNCTIONS 3.2 LIMITATIONS

9-12

4.0 VICO OFFICE 4.1 FUNCTIONS 4.2 LIMITATIONS

13-18

5.0 COSTX 5.1 FUNCTIONS 5.2 LIMITATIONS

19-25

6.0 NOMITECH COSTOS ESTIMATING SOFTWARE 6.1 FUNCTIONS 6.2 LIMITATIONS

26-30

7.0 COMPARISON CHART 7.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 7.2 BEST RECOMMENDATION

31-34

B

8.0 PREPARATION STAGE 8.1 QS JOB SCOPE 8.2 BENEFITS 8.3 CONSTRAINTS

35-37

9.0 DESIGN STAGE 9.1 QS JOB SCOPE 9.2 BENEFITS 9.3 CONSTRAINTS

38-40

10.0 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE 10.1 QS JOB SCOPE 10.2 BENEFITS 10.3 CONTRAINTS

41-43

11.0 CONSTRUCTION STAGE 11.1 QS JOB SCOPE 11.1 BENEFITS 11.2 CONSTRAINTS

44-46

12.0 OTHER STAGE 12.1 HANDOVER AND CLOSE OUT 12.2 IN USE 12.3 QS JOB SCOPE 12.4 BENEFITS 12.5 CONSTRAINTS

47-48

13.0 CONCLUSION 49

REFERENCES 50-

TABLE OF CONTENTS



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PART A

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a technology that provides an insight for

construction players in planning, designing, constructing and managing buildings as well

as infrastructures. The implementation of BIM in the construction industry has made a

huge influence by adding exponential value through enhanced efficiency, speed and

quality of works, at the same time reduces the associated risk, design errors in return

control the cost, providing effective construction supervision and better customer service.

Being a key player who estimate the cost, evaluate the viability, plan the cost in the

construction field, quantity surveyors should be exposed to this emerging technology,

BIM and adopts it as it offers a new paradigm, which readdress traditional methods of

quantity take-off (QTO), Bills of Quantities (BQ) preparation and cost estimating. On the

other hand, there is fear that the adoption of BIM could be a pest instead of a prey due to

devaluation of the conventional task of a quantity surveyor. (Nagalingam, Jayasena and

Ranadewa, 2014). This statement should not abstain quantity surveyors to deliberate

from two-dimensional blue prints and revolutionize into a three-dimensional prototype.

Nevertheless, quantity surveyors occasionally have dilemma in selecting the

appropriate software BIM software among the others that are available in the market as

they have their own distinguish features and limitations. For this assignment, five BIM

software has been shortlisted to be studied on. They shall be compared, evaluated and the

best will be endorsed.

The following illustrates the five types of BIM computer software to be studied in

this paper:

2.0 ON-SCREEN TAKEOFF (OST)

3.0 INNOVAYA

4.0 VICO OFFICE

5.0 COSTX

6.0 NOMITECH COSTOS ESTIMATING SOFTWARE



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2.0 ON-SCREEN TAKEOFF (OST)

On-Screen Takeoff (OST) is one of the products by On Center software, a company

from the United States who is involved the construction software market since 1988, releasing

Quick Bid, with OST being released in 1994. This software provides four main functions

involving electronic plans, quantity takeoff, estimating and project management.

2.1 FUNCTIONS

2.1.1 ELECTRONIC PLANS VIEWING

Figure 2.0: Hot Link between Two Drawings Image retrieved from

http://www.oncenter.com

This software allows users to view and organize plans and takeoffs electronically.

With OST, users can quickly retrieve plans from the architect and plan room. In the event that

a contractor requires viewing a plan from an office or site, the plans can be viewed with

desktops, laptops or tablet, removing the cumbersome of flipping through drawings.

The ‘Secondary View’ feature enhances this benefit by letting users to

simultaneously view two different pages. This increases work efficiency by allowing two

separate pages to be analyzed at once. In case a second window is needed only for quick

supplemental information, users can create hot links within the main window to create a

linkage between the two drawings as shown in Figure 2.0.



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2.1.2 OVERLAPPING FEATURE

In the event when there are addendums to the drawings, the ‘overlay’ feature can help

lose time consumption on plan reviewing by overlaying an image above another image to

immediately reflect any changes to the plan. This feature allows easy modification to update

takeoffs by revealing the added and deleted items by marking them in blue and red

respectively whereas items that remain are grayed out.

2.1.3 ABILITY TO SUPPORT VARIOUS TYPES OF FILES

With the growing number of construction software, the issue of compatibility also

grows. Furthermore, with the electronic plans coming from a variety of sources from different

companies, there would surely be a question of whether programs can provide the

compatibility of file formats. While other software and programs can only open a select few

types of files, OST allows the user to open up to 20 different formats, with the most

recommended being TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) followed by PDF (Portable Document

Format).

2.1.4 ON-SCREEN QUANTITY TAKE OFF

Figure 2.0: Colour Coded Taking Off

Image retrieved from http://www.oncenter.com

On-Screen Takeoff provides the capability to do digital takeoff. With OST, takers-off

can measure and calculate lengths, objects, areas and volumes with precision, accuracy and a

short time span in an organized way. First is the typical group process, where repeating

elements are assigned into a ‘typical group’ and is then dropped to other repeated floors. The

second way depends only when a slight modification to the conditions of duplicated groups



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are needed, called the ‘duplicate and reassign’ feature.

Another user-friendly feature also helps to conveniently organize and double-check

the takeoff, which is the Audit trail. When the taker-off uses the software’s tool to count and

measure area, the data is updated and stored in the conditions window. The window can

simultaneously calculate and store three different quantities. For example, when measuring

area, the perimeter & volume is also stored. With the list of data stored and the coloured

Audit trail, the user can easily identify missing elements in the takeoff that went overlooked

and could have impacted the budget.

Auto Count is a tool in the program that lets users count doors, plants, columns, etc.

automatically. This can be done by setting what icon/symbol to search for, then the program

finds them through the entire floor plan through shape recognition.

2.1.5 LAYERING FEATURE

Figure 2.0: Layering Feature in OST Image retrieved from

http://www.oncenter.com

Layering feature enables taker-off separate the drawings into layers, to allow users to

concentrate and focus on specific scopes of work to the revealed elements, simply by

purposefully turning off other layers and conditions.

2.1.6 COMPATIBLE WITH OTHER ESTIMATING SOFTWARES

During estimating, OST cannot provide estimating, however it is possible to export

the takeoff data from OST into an estimating/pricing software or Microsoft Excel spreadsheet

with minimal error. With On Center’s current estimating/bidding program, Quick Bid,

estimators can not only export the data, but also integrate the program into OST. This allows

the takeoff to instantly be reflected in the bid calculations. As quantities are updated OST, the



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values in Quick Bid are simultaneously updated in real-time. With the combination between

OST & Quick Bid, estimators can increase efficiency, save time when bidding and save

money for the company. OST can also integrate with other construction estimating programs,

being flexible towards the estimators preference.

Users can incorporate trade specific information into the estimating process, which benefits

each project and bid proposal. The estimator can make custom information into the database,

allowing the same type of information to be used in similar future projects.

2.1.7 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

OST not only allows estimating programs to be integrated, it also allows integration

with On Center’s current Project Management program called Digital Production Control

(DPC) so users can manage and control labor and production. DPC can deliver continuous

feedback process that greatly reduces time and cost, increasing profit at the same time. Along

with Quick Bid, the combination of software allows estimators to integrate estimated labor

into digital takeoffs, providing the ability to track and manage labour productions. This can be

done by reflecting the quantity survey data from OST, with the pricing of materials and

labour cost information from Quick Bid, to illustrate the project status, visually displaying

whether the labor production has been achieved, is outperforming or is falling behind. This

would help project managers instantly identify problems, preventing overruns of the project

in the process.

2.1.8 COMMUNICATION

Communication is a vital part towards all involved parties before and during the

construction process. Drawings could change, feedback might be asked, questions, whether it

is about the site or design, would be raised. OST allows contractors to not only communicate

better and much more quicker from the jobsite with it’s ability to be viewed from a tablet PC,

it also allows them to annotate the drawings, being able to ask questions and give feedback

while clearly showing them in the drawings.

Another aspect of communication this program gives is the sharing of large files with

the Project Express feature. This feature allows users to securely send large files to another

user and exceed typical e-mail limitations up to 100MB size of takeoff and project files

without any additional cost.



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2.2 LIMITATIONS

2.2.1 3D VIEWING

3D model visualization and takeoff is a norm in the construction software market, as

it could greatly help users visualize and understand the elements of the takeoff, rather than

measuring from plan and sectional view. In OST, it does not provide this service.

2.2.2 AUTO UPDATING OF QUANTITY

With the 3D visualization, it allows the software to automatically update quantities of the

project in real time when there are changes by simply painting the 3D elements, and then the

program algorithm scans the 3D model to automatically create elements. Since OST does not

even have 3D visualization in the first place, users would have to manually update quantity

takeoff and adjust it to company standards.

2.2.3 UNABLE TO ESTIMATE

While OST allows integration of estimating software, it would require extra payment.

Some takeoff programs such as Vico Office, provides an estimating feature. For instance,

OST users would not have compatible estimating or labor tracking software and not be able to

compare prices and track target cost.

2.2.4 REPORT TOOLS

Some BIM software, such as CostX, is able to generate reports with the click of a button

whereas OST could not.

2.2.5 OPERATING SYSTEM

Another aspect the program lacks is the system of the software. The memory is only 1GB,

whereas other software considers 2GB to be their minimum but not recommended memory

space. The monitor resolution, which would affect the resolution of the drawings, compared

to most software, would be the lowest at 800x600 at minimum. Furthermore, the video card,

which is used to greatly improve graphics of the program; is omitted, while all other software,

integrate them. In its time, being released in 1994, this would be considered a good system,

but with more programs improving them to give convenience to users, OST is falling behind.



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3.0 INNOVAYA

Innovaya Software which is based in Oregon, USA was established in the year 2006

after it has been selected by Sage Software as a strategic partner. This partnership between

Innovaya and Sage is a foundation for both software to further collaborate on developing new

software solution. Since then, Innovaya has won lots of awards and one of them is winning

the ‘Top Commercial Products Award’ in 2013 by Constructech. This software offers a wide

range of software products that serves multiple functions. A few software products that

Innovaya offers are ‘Innovaya Visual Quantity Takeoff’, ‘Innovaya Visual Estimating’,

‘Innovaya Visual 4D Simulation’ and more. Innovaya is also compatible with other software

such as Autodesk Revit, AutoCAD Architecture/MEP and Tekla Structure.

3.1 FUNCTIONS

3.1.1 SHARING INFORMATION Innovaya is not entirely only about integrating design and cost estimating, it also

provides essential functions such as Markup and E-mailing. Innovaya allows the user to

directly comment onto a snapshot of the 3D design and send it as a picture, via e-mail, to

project members for better discussion.

3.1.2 TAKING OFF

Figure 3.0: Different Colour Coding and Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet Image retrieved from

http://www.innovaya.com

Innovaya Visual QTO offers two method of doing taking off using the software;

automatic quantity generation and drag and drop quantity generation. For automatic quantity

generation, a complete quantity from a design model can be automatically generated and it



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only takes a few seconds to complete an entire building model. For drag and drop quantity

generation, the user can select any section of a building, view the objects in 3D, and drag and

drop it into the quantity generation window. This process can usually increase the

productivity of quantity takeoff.

Managing the object quantities is now easier because they are sorted into their respective

folder, which can also be separated into building sections or components types. Innovaya

Visual QTO also assures that each quantity groups are assigned to have a different color code

for its 3D objects, so that objects with quantities are easier to identify.

With Intelligent Change Movement that Innovaya’s Visual QTO has, quantities are

automatically linked with the objects, the quantities will not change if a design is changed.

The software will then show the object that has been changed, new objects that have been

added and also the deleted objects in different colors.

After all have been done, in just a single click, the quantities can be exported as reports in

Microsoft Excel. The color codes are shown in the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to help

identify which objects are used to generate the amounts in the columns.

3.1.3 INTERACTIVE 3D VISUALIZATION

Figure 3.1: Interactive 3D visualization and dynamic visibility controls for 3D objects Image retrieved from


One of the features that Innovaya has to offer is its intelligent 3D functions for

visualization, communication and project coordination. The 3D user interface controls



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allows the operator to do a real time walk through and also to examine the objects

meticulously and to very precise.

Since the 3D illustration is in a walled structure, it is difficult to look at the details of

all the components in the model. Hence, Innovaya introduces the function ‘Dynamic

Visibility Controls for 3D Objects’. The visibility and transparency of the object can be

customized by components type or by building section for better vision.

3.1.3 ESTIMATING

Figure 3.1: Innovaya Visual Estimating Image retrieved from


With the automatic quantity extraction that Innovaya Visual Estimating has, the quantities

of the object are directly extracted based on their types and dimension from a design model in

a short period of time. The quantities extracted are reusable and easily modified. With its

intelligent item takeoff, the user can takeoff an object or item into Timberline or MC2-1CE

estimate. Visual Estimating has also created an exclusive feature that enables the system to

remember which quantities were dragged to which table. With this feature, the estimating can

be done in a few seconds.



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Another feature that Innovaya Visual Estimating provides is to estimate the entire building

model automatically. With its automatic estimation, projects could be estimated in a short

period of time with this intelligent feature.

3.1.4 4D SIMULATION

Another program software that Innovaya provides is the Innovaya Visual 4D

Stimulation. With this feature, project coordination is improved because of its ability to link

3D design in DWG and to show projects in 4D. In addition to that, owners, designers and

builders are able to see how projects are built and understand the schedule quickly and see

results of changes.

3.2 LIMITATION

3.2.1 UNABLE TO GENERATE WORKBOOKS

Software such as CostX can create workbook after completing the measurements.

While for Innovaya, the user has to export the quantities to Microsoft Excel which can be

troublesome. During the exporting, some quantities might have been mixed up or left out

during the transferring process. Thus, this is one service that Innovaya does not provide.

3.2.2 COST COMPARISON FUNCTION

Some software such as Vico Office, are able to compare the price of subcontractor

and compare the actual cost with the targeted cost which Innovaya cannot do. Hence, this is

one of the limitation that Innovaya that cannot do.

3.2.3 ABILITY TO COMPARE DRAWINGS

Another limitation that Innovaya has is that the software cannot compare drawings

and models. Thus, the user has to view the two drawings separately in a different page

simultaneously. Other than that, the user needs to overlap the drawings to identify changes

made during designing. Layering of drawings also is not made available using this software.



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4.0 VICO OFFICE

Vico Software, Inc. is a company that was established in the year 2007 and Trimble

Navigation acquires it in the year 2012. Vico Software Inc develops Vico Office, the award

winning software. Vico Office Suite is a management software which accommodate 2D, 3D, 4D,

5D BIM. Vico Office is a software that contains many sub programs to aid and assists in

coordination, quantity taking off, cost estimation, project scheduling, and production control.

4.1 FUNCTIONS

4.1.1 2D TO 3D CHANGE MANAGEMENT

Figure 4.0: Vico Document Controller Image retrieved from

http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/2d-3d-changemanagement/ vico-office-document-controller/tabid/314922/Default.aspx

Vico Office Suite is able to changes 2D drawings to 3D models by using the Vico

Document Controller. This Vico Document Controller is able to compares and identifies the

changes,deletion and/or additions of 2D and 3D versions. It is able to compare the coordinated

3D model to 2D contract documents for final checking.

4.1.2 3D BIM FOR VISUALIZATION

Vico Office Suite works with popular BIM authoring tools. For example: Graphisoft,

ArchiCAD, Autodesk Revit, Tekla Structure. It can also accommodate AutoCAD Architecture

and AutoCAD MEP. Additional importers exists in Vico Office Suite for the use of Google

SketchUp, CAD Duct, 3D DWG and IFC files.



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4.1.3 3D BIM FOR CLASH DETECTION

Figure 4.1: Vico Constructability Manager Image retrieved from

http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-constructabilitymanager/ tabid/89285/Default.aspx

There is a feature known as Vico Constructability Manager that is able to detect

clashes in the drawings and the models. Not only that, Vico Constructability Manager can

coordinate resolution. It can also identify the issues of construction during the planning/

conceptual stage before the project constructed. Thus, a plan or solution can produce to

overcome the issues presented.

4.1.4 3D BIM FOR LAYOUT MANAGER

Figure 4.2: Coordination features of Vico Layout Manager Image retrieved from

http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-layoutmanager/ tabid/308341/

Vico Layout Manager is added as a additional features for Vico Office Suite. This



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feature is able to identify the virtual model critical points to match the jobsite physical points. In

other words, this Vico Layout Manager is able to map out and match the virtual model to the

actual jobsite. Thus, it eliminates reworking which is costly.

4.1.5 3D BIM FOR QUANTITY TAKE OFF

Figure 4.3: Vico Takeoff Manager Image retrieved from

http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-quantity-takeoffmanager/ tabid/85287/Default.aspx

Vico Office Suite also offers Vico Takeoff Manager. It can derive construction-caliber

quantities by location from BIM models; these quantities by location power more accurate

schedules and estimates. An algorithm for geometry analysis enables the scan of 3D model and

produces taking off items automatically with quantities for cost and schedule planning.

4.1.6 4D BIM FOR SCHEDULING AND PRODUCTION CONTROL

Figure 4.4: Assemblies and components in spreadsheet view. Image retrieved from

http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-lbs-manager-locationbreakdown/tabid/219732/Default.aspx



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This function needs the collaboration of a few features in the software, which is Vico

LBS Manager, Vico Schedule Planner, Vico Production Planner, Vico 4D Manager. Vico LBS

Manager enables the better organization of the project. It enables location-based planning and

management to ensure a smooth flow of the construction process without interference. In other

words, all trades are scheduled to optimize location to produce a sequence and continuous

workflow of the project. Location-based planning and management is used to ensure a smooth

flow of the construction process without interference. It yields quantities by location to be used

in scheduling and procurement.

Figure 4.5: Vico Flowline View (manage task buffer, visually identify conflicts and communicate complete schedules)

Image retrieved from http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-scheduleplanner/tabid/225519/

This Vico Schedule Planner produce construction schedules using BIM model element and

associate with task, material, labour that are optimized by location. This Schedule Planner works

or coordinated with taking off information of Vico Takeoff Manager, resources quantities from

Vico Cost Planner, project locations information from Vico LBS Manager to produce an efficient

schedule.

Figure 4.6: Control chart (review project status and generation of forecasting based on actual construction progress)

Image retrieved from http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-productioncontroller/tabid/225520/Default.aspx

Vico Production Controller is mostly used during construction phase. It manages on-site

production. Vico Production Controller can identify schedule glitches and analyze impact of the



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glitch to the project. It gives near real time production enabling for forecasting schedule to solve

problems with enough time to implement correction. Vico Production Controller has forecasting

tools that analyse the schedule to current construction progress.

Figure 4.7: Vico 4D Manger Stimulation Image retrieved from

http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-4dmanager/tabid/220879/

Vico 4D Manager has 4D simulation presentation tool that creates a 3D visualization of the

project timeline for the construction team. It is equip with tolls to define and stimulate 4D

simulations for communication and analyse the schedule that was produced by using Vico

Schedule Planner.

4.1.7 5D BIM FOR ESTIMATING

Figure 4.8: Vico Cost Planner & Vico Cost Explorer Image retrieved from www.vicosoftware.com

For estimating, there is Vico Cost Planner for cost calculation, estimating and

valuing. It is a model-based cost estimate. Vico Cost Planner collaborates with Vico Takeoff

Manager to produce an estimate faster. Vico Cost Planner includes a library Manager, which

stores the historical cost data of the company and used it in estimating. Not only that, Vico

Cost Planner keeps the project budget in line by assisting decision with the estimate.



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Vico Cost Explorer is a model-based budgeting application. It has a visual

monitoring system to enable the project team to visually understand the aspect of the project

that causes cost change. It also provides feedback on the status of the project. The visualizing

tool enables the identification of the differences of target cost and actual cost visually and

tracks the issues presented that causes cost change.

4.1.8 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT REPORTING

Figure 4.9: Vico Office Client Image retrieved from

http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-client/tabid/85664/

This function requires Vico Office Client, which is the foundation of Vico Office

Suite. Vico Office Client performs and manages models and stores information on the

geometry, element and properties in the Vico Office Client database. This Vico Office Client

has an inline reporting engine pulls information from all departments to deliver

constructability reports, cost- and resource-loaded schedules, proposed design changes, cost

estimates, cash flow reports, and other customizable reports

4.2 LIMITATIONS

4.2.1 OPERATES ONE FILE AT A TIME

American Society for Engineering Education states that by using Vico Constructor,

all architectural, structural, and MEP elements were modeled. By using this modeling

method, only one model file can be operated at one time. Therefore, It takes a longer time to

complete the same 3D model comparing to Revit.



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5.0 COSTX

CostX, a costing product by Exactal was first released by Exactal Technologies Pty

Ltd. in July 2004. This prestigious on-screen measurement and estimating software enables

quantity surveyors to take-off quantities precisely and speedily from 2D drawings and the

general functions of CostX also comprise of generating automatic quantities from 3D models

as well as coupling with a costing library which permits an instant cost figure and

recalculation when variations are being made.

5.1 FUNCTIONS

5.1.1 ABILITY TO SUPPORT VARIOUS TYPES OF FILES AND 3D MODEL/BIM

Extraction of data and measurement from scanned, PDF or CAD drawings can be

done by users using CostX without the trouble of running CAD software and amending

likewise altering of the files. Not only that, it also supports various drawing file formats such

as, SKP, SWG, DWF, DGN and IFC. This allows quantity surveyors to extract quantities and

measure through existing project drawings since it is compatible with any industry standard

drawings including Revit support.

5.1.2 2D TAKE OFF & 3D/BIM TAKE OFF

Figure 5.1: 2D Take Off and 3D Take Off Image retrieved from

http://techweb.exactal.com/documentation/

With CostX 3D graphics ability to read parametric BIM models, it automatically

allows extraction of object properties and linked quantities. Besides that, quantities can be



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acquired by on-screen measurement from 2D or 3D drawings and importing dimensional

information from BIM data model. QS has the potential to apprehend dimensions and

quantities precisely with ease due to the advanced graphic engine incorporated in the software

itself, which enables all objects in the model to be viewed easily, hidden or isolated. The

database information from 3D model view and 2D plans, sections and elevations can be

utilize by QS to initiate quantities mechanically and improve on the database quantities with

additional measurement of 2D or 3D drawing sheets. This is only possible if the design of the

building is compatible with Revit.

5.1.3 3D PROJECTION

Figure 5.2: 2D Projection and “View In 3D” button

Figure 5.3: 3D Projection

Dimensions taken from a 2D drawing can be illustrated in a 3D structure with a click

of the “View in 3D button”. This helps users to visualize and understand the drawing in a

simple manner. The red boxes generally demonstrate deductions made. Altering height of

windows, doors and walls can be done without the need to create a new dimension group.



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5.1.4 POLYLINE SELECTION AND BLOCK COUNT TOOLS

Figure 5.4: Polyline Selection and Block Count Tools

Image retrieved from http://techweb.exactal.com/documentation/

A form of complex continuous outlines can be made through a sequence of lines to

combine each component together just by holding the “Ctrl” button. Furthermore, any form

geometry of polylines for instance a curve in the CAD drawings can also be measured. After

selecting the required area, click on “Enter” in order for the polyline to be measured.

CostX has the ability to count blocks in a single action if all the blocks that are

included in the drawing files are all the same and well-organized.

5.1.5 DISPLAY LAYER FILTRATION

Figure 5.5: Display Layer Filtration Image retrieved from




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CostX uses layer to filter the display to allow better viewing to users at the same time

it also helps them to measure quicker, easier and in a convenient manner. As shown in figure

5.5, it illustrates that similar items within an element can be distributed in the same layer

whereas different building elements is normally categories in different layers. CostX also

permits colour coding and labeling for the measured items as checking can be done clearly.

5.1.6 AUTO – REVISIONING

Figure 5.6: Auto-Revisioning Image retrieved from


One of the distinctive functions of CostX is the ability to revise drawings by

comparing contemporary drawings with the previous one and highlight the changes that is

being made. Not only that, it continues by creating an audit trail likewise revises the previous

quantities and workbooks. After that, the live-links will complete the rest by finding out the

discrepancy between the current and previous drawings and the variance total will be shown.

5.1.7 COMPARISON OF SUB-CONTRACTOR

A workbook can be produced in CostX using the Sub-contractor Comparison System

by linking reports that contain sub-contractor quotation details. Therefore, this allows QS to

make comparison of the rates and sum cost of various sub-contractors whom tendered for the

job and award the best sub-contractor based on their capabilities as well as the proposed rates.

An example of the comparison of sub-contractor figure is being illustrated at the next page.



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Figure 5.7: Comparison of Sub-Contractor Image retrieved from


5.1.8 ECO-FRIENDLY

Construction industry has been approaching various means to keep our land

environmental friendly gradually. Therefore, CostX is impending to go-green by ensuring

reports and estimates to be viewed without any printing of paper. The whole course of

measuring and estimating is done using electronic. This process begins when the drawings are

received by email and quantities are being measured on screen. The software then generates

the estimation and report is sent by email to whom it may concern.

In addition, CostX Viewer enable CostX projects can be shared to other users mainly

the client in an easy-to-use format. These projects can be viewed by the client anytime and

anywhere without the requirement of running CAD software.

5.1.9 PRODUCTION OF REPORTS AND ESTIMATES

Figure 5.8: Estimate created by Workbook and Cost Report Sample Image retrieved from


CostX is able to generate estimates and reports derived from the estimation with ease. They can be viewed from the “Report” under workbook.



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5.1.10 WORKBOOK LIVE-LINKS TO DRAWINGS AND USER-DEFINED RATE LIBRARIES

Figure 5.8: Workbook Live-Links and User-Defined Rate Libraries Image retrieved from

http://techweb.exactal.com/documentation/ In this software, cost plans, estimates, bills and tenders can be create by using the

spreadsheet-based workbook which is live-links to drawing and user-defined rate libraries.

Alteration and amendment of the geometry or geometry of the building is detected and

updated in the workbook if any modifications are being made. Henceforth, it saves the time of

doing a double job. The effect of changes and costing in the workbook can be perceived by

the QS instantaneously. The linking of the dimension and estimation is possible due to a

product engine of CostX, the remarkable, Intelligent Cost Geometry ® technology.

The job specific price list, which is attached to the workbook, can be updated based

on the market condition in order to keep up with the trend to prevent costing errors that may

lead to bankruptcy of a company.



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5.2 LIMITATIONS

5.2.1 REBAR DETECTION

Figure 5.9: Method of measuring BRC in CostX

In CostX, the reinforcement bars that are located in the beam can be measured by

measuring the drawing sectional view. However, the main reinforcement bars of the column

could not be detected by using this software. Likewise, bents for mesh fabric reinforcement

(BRC) cannot be detected in CostX as well. Therefore, users are advised to take the length of

the BRC till the edge of the surface as shown in Figure 5.9. Thus, it may cause the BRC to be

over-measured.

5.2.2 3D PROJECTION FOR WINDOWS

Figure 5.10: Windows detection

The windows detection is a setback for party involved but mainly on the contractor QS this is

because window is being illustrated on the bottom of the ground. Thus, it hinders them to

price the rate for fixing, as they do not know the exact height allowance for the windows to be

placed. It may be placed at a high area, which will incur more cost to the contractor.



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6.0 NOMITECH COSTOS ESTIMATING SOFTWARE

Nomitech created CostOS Estimating Software after carefully exploring the modern

estimating needs and incorporating the experience of major European companies in the

technical field. CostOS Estimating is being deemed as one of the most advanced cost

estimating softwares available today. This software is based on the fundamental theory of cost

estimating, hence it can be easily applied in various industries including construction, oil and

gas, energy, mining, shipyards, and aerospace. In the sense of construction, this software is

also developed to be used by all the parties involved, which includes contractors, sub-

contractors, consultants, designers and quantity surveyors for cost estimating purposes.

6.1 FUNCTIONS

6.1.1 USER INTERFACE

The graphical user interface has common procedures such as sorting, indexing, searching,

filtering, grouping and organizing resource data. Older estimates can be reused to prepare

new ones with CostOS’s user interface. There are also ways to optimize the direct cost by

trying different cost scenarios. In addition, procedures and routines that are repetitive, tedious

and time consuming, and tasks that are almost impossible, can be executed easily and

efficiently with CostOS.

Figure 6.0: User interface of Nomitech CostOS Estimating Software Image retrieved from

http://www.nomitech.eu/cms/c/costosestimatingsoftware.htm



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6.1.2 COST DATABASES

CostOS Estimating Software provides cost estimating and pricing for all 5 AACE

International cost estimate classes, and can be used from the conceptual till the final tendering

stages. The AACE International cost estimate classifications are as follows:

Estimate Class Purpose

Class 5 Screening or feasibility

Class 4 Concept study

Class 3 Budget, authorization or control

Class 2 Control or tender

Class 1 Check estimate or tender

CostOS has access to a library of resource cost databases. This integration with

online databases is provided on a subscription basis. The major databases on CostOS are as

follows:

• Richardson or Cost Data On Line Process Plant Database:

- A database for estimating oil and gas, and energy projects.

- Has access to the resource entries of equipment, material, subcontractor and labor rates

databases to produce their own assemblies.

• RSMeans Databases:

- The most well-known cost database for the construction industry.

- Has access to databases on Heavy Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Facility Installations,

Green Building Technologies, Residential (US), Remodelling & Renovation (US),

Interior (US), Lite Commercial (US).

6.1.3 BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING - ESTIMATING DIRECTLY ON 3D

MODELS

CostOS provides Building Information Modelling. This means estimating

directly on 3D models can be achieved. It has an embedded 3D viewer that allows

users to navigate easily through it and autoselect the appropriate entities. The quantity

takeoff for architectural, structural, mechanical, HVAC, electrical and others can be

executed accurately and immediately. On top of that, users can create Bill of

Quantities directly on the 3D model and see how it is built up while the estimate



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progresses in real time. Also, users have access to both the local/server cost databases

and the online commercial databases to find cost data that match the selected entities

and directly assign the data to the model. CostOS supports all major designing

systems like ArchiCAD, AllPlan, Autodesk REVIT, DDS and others. Nomitech

CostOS does provide 5D BIM services for cost estimating and tendering.

Figure 6.0: BIM Estimating Image retrieved from

http://www.nomitech.eu/cms/c/costosestimatingsoftware.html

6.1.3 INTEGRATION WITH OTHER SOFTWARE

CostOS is compatible with other software such as Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word,

Oracle Primavera P6, and On-Screen TakeOff. Users can import and export cost data in the

database from Microsoft Excel. Bills of Quantity items can be imported from Microsoft

Excel. Users also can export the estimates into Microsoft Project and synchronize all of the

resources with Primavera P6 to easily prepare tenders. The software reports can be exported

to PDF files or Microsoft Word or Excel files, password protected or not.

6.1.4 TEAM WORKING

Figure 6.0: The Export of the BQ to MS Excel includes Excel Groupings Image retrieved from

http://www.nomitech.eu/cms/c/costosestimatingsoftware.html



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CostOS encompasses collaboration and team working in its feature. This means that it

allows users and offices in different location to access into a centralized database created for a

company. Up to 300 users to collaborate and work together on the same platform and share

information on a real time basis.

6.1.5 ON-SCREEN TAKEOFF ESTIMATING FOR QUANTITY SURVEYING

CostOS supports QS with On-Screen TakeOff. Users can connect to On-Screen

TakeOff to calculate quantities from PDF or DWG drawings. This feature greatly increases

estimating speed, and most importantly avoids making costly mistakes. Taking off can be

carried out on 2D and 3D drawings, BIM or GIS maps for this purpose. In addition, users can

assign as many Takeoff Conditions to one Bill of Quantity item, apply factors on them and

select which unit of measurement. There is also synchronization between quantity takeoff and

cost estimation, updated in real time.

6.1.7 COST STATISTICS

CostOS provides cost statistics and cost model. The software can extract statistical

data such as cost per square meter for basement or superstructure, cost per linear meter for

pipes, and others. Users can create cost models and access it from the user interface. All of

these can lead to a shorter duration in creating estimates.



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6.2 LIMITATION

6.2.1 CANNOT COMPARE DRAWINGS

Nomitech CostOS Estimating Software does not allow comparison of two different

drawings at the same time. This will greatly inconvenience the estimator in charge of the

quantity takeoff. Softwares such as CostX allows users to compare drawings that are of

different designs for the same element for comparison purposes. As such, the estimator has to

manually compare drawings on two separate sheets. This can be a little bit time consuming.

6.2.2 COST DOES NOT UPDATE AUTOMATICALLY

Furthermore, CostOS does not automatically update the cost data when there is an

amendment of the drawings by architects, engineers or client on this software. In comparison

with CostX, CostX is able to change its cost when there are changes to their drawings, and it

is more convenient as it saves time for the estimator to not recalculate or update the cost

again. In CostOS’s case, the estimator has to be well versed and familiar with the changes

being made to the drawings to be able to update its cost, hence greater care and effort has to

be put in for it to be accurate.



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7.0 COMPARISON CHART



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Table 1.0: Comparison Chart of BIM Software



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7.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

Table 2.0: System Requirements for Selected BIM Software



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7.2 BEST RECOMMENDATION

The best BIM software does not necessarily mean having the most features, but rather

having the appropriate features fitting for your job, and in this case, quantity surveying. After

a detailed analysis and comparison of information of all softwares in the table, we have

decided to rate Nomitech CostOS Estimating Software as the best BIM software for

quantity surveying, and therefore our final recommendation. Such decision can be attributed

to the company reputation, Nomitech, as their founders are engineers with many years of real

life industry experience. They have developed a practical, comprehensive, innovative and

state-of-the-art cost estimating software that is being used by many estimators today.

There are a few standout features for Nomitech CostOS in comparison with other

softwares. A subscription of CostOS will allow users to have complete access to centralized

online resource databases, cost data and statistics. Users can create cost models. These

functions are advantageous and convenient for users in creating estimates. Moreover, the

integrated software, Oracle Primavera P6 helps contractor quantity surveyors in project cost

control and project activities scheduling. On the other hand, its integration with another

software as discussed previously, On-Screen Takeoff, aids users in the quantity takeoff

process. In addition, a unique feature of CostOS enables users to do taking off on a map

instead of a plan drawing. All of these standout features aforementioned are unique to

Nomitech CostOS, thus greatly improving the software’s competitive edge in the market.

Apart from its standout features, there are other benefits to Nomitech CostOS as well.

The quantity takeoff of a project, be it architecture, structural, mechanical, electrical or others,

can be massively accelerated with high accuracy and efficiency. Users can create Bill of

Quantities directly on your 3D model and see how it is built up while the estimate progresses.

CostOS supports all major designing systems as it works with open standards and will

provide users with the visualization of the model. Working with CostOS and its embedded 3D

technology simplifies and quickens the estimating process. Apart from this, it also provides

5D BIM services for cost estimating and tendering. Finally, it allows design optimization and

quick identification of most appropriate materials and construction methods.



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8.0 PREPERATION/ BRIEFING STAGE

During the preparation stage, the consultant works closely with the client, identifying

client’s requirements and the possible limitations to develop the proposed project. The

consultant would recommend the procurement method of the project after assessing the

possible options. Deciding on the procurement method is an important decision that requires

careful thinking, as it would affect contractual connections, responsibilities and risks towards

the project’s client, consultants and contractors.

8.1 QS JOB SCOPE IN PREPARATION STAGE

In this stage, QS has to prepare feasibility studies, roughly estimating what is

involved in the project, based on the measurement of conceptual or preliminary drawings by

client or architect. Preliminary cost estimates has to be produced as well based on preliminary

drawings With the preliminary cost estimate, the cost plan can be prepared; where the QS

would help the design team stay within the budget using practical solutions. QS also prepare a

budget for the client based on total capital cost expenditure, offering the best and conservative

solutions to ensure affordability of the project and recommend the preferred procurement

method.



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8.2 BENEFITS IN PREPERATION/ BRIEFING STAGE

Building Information Modelling ( BIM ) CAD Measurement Manual Measurement

Assess project feasibility more easily

• BIM is used as a strategic business tool to estimate possible economic incentives.

• It also helps to evaluate building’s performance according to regulations regarding constructability and functionality.

• Surveyors can create a terrain model for higher accuracy of site conditions; which allows project team to review viability of construction and prevent possible problems and overruns.

Better visualization of project through 3D model

• The visualization itself can help contractors and suppliers understand the rough idea of the project, which can help give them a head start to prepare the needed materials.

• Clients who may not understand CAD drawings or are not involved in the construction industry can visualize it better

Eliminates diversions of project team

• All project members obtain the same 3D model, assessing the same requirement, procedure and outcome of the project, which means all members can aim and focus at the same direction of attaining the best result

Better visualization of project than manual measurement

• Manual drawing by hand can cause confusions in the team; different designers may have different style of drawings, whereas CAD measurement does not apply this, as it is electronic.

• Project team members are more used to CAD drawings than manual drawings

• Better presentation to clients & stakeholders, preventing misunderstandings to how the project may look.

• Viewing electronic drawings can alter its size and resolution unlike manual drawing

More accurate estimation through CAD drawing drafts

• QS may have a hard time estimating from manual drafts, being unsure in the dimensions or areas of certain components in the project. With CAD drawing drafts, which even draw to scale, it eliminates this inconvenience.

**The benefits for Manual Measurement are the same for all stages of construction. Cost Effective • Manual measurement is the

cheapest method when compared to the other two measurements as the cost is mainly on the printing of the document whereas BIM and CAD software is costly to purchase due to its convenience to the QS.

No Training Required • Fresh graduate QS are mostly

exposed to manual measurement, as it is a core element for all QS compared to CAD and BIM software. Therefore, firms who are using software have to send fresh graduates for a training programme, which may incur them extra cost in order to for them to be familiarize with the capability of the software.

• Since standard method of measuring is done manually during their tertiary education, hence they are all ready to take on the taking off duties.



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8.3 CONSTRAINTS IN PREPERATION/ BRIEFING STAGE


High investment in cost, time and training

• The cost of the software itself is expensive, new companies may not have enough capital to implement it.

• The need for training, which

incurs cost, can give time constraints to the company’s projects

Not flexible with construction cost variations

• BIM estimates the total expected construction cost by providing the cost-to-complete of a project, however, it does not count price variations that might occur.

• Unforeseeable variations such

as gas prices, delivery delays, wastage or weather that would affect manufacturer’s or contractor’s work

Expense on Software

• While some CAD software such as QCAD or OpenSCAD are free, popular ones such as AutoCAD are high priced for users.

• Additional upgrades, which

could benefit the company even more, incur more cost.

• Large updates would require

the user to adapt and update their skills

Lack of Information Backup

• The software does not have a backup system.

• This would mean users needs

to save their work manually in order to safely back it up.

• CAD Software does not auto

save projects.

Cost Plan

• Cost plan by the QS can advise the client on the budgets or needed changes of the project. However, to create the cost plan, the QS may need to use cost data, a data showing cost per m2 of building components, which has a few considerations such as:

Ø Accuracy of cost data is -/+10%.

Ø Different countries, even different states, have different cost data prices, and they need to be updated every year

Ø Cost data does not consider unforeseeable variations such as weather, preliminary prices or tax

• Some quantity surveyor

experts can estimate based on experience from past projects, this means:

Ø Young quantity surveyors cannot estimate as they lack knowledge and experience



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9.0 DESIGN STAGE

Design stage is the second phase in a construction process, which involves architects

and engineers to work as a team to design and produce drawings of a building proposed by

the client. Not only that, the overall building form, components of the buildings such as the

mechanical and electrical (M&E) services and structural elements, likewise the materials of

the proposed building are taken into consideration to ensure the stability of the structure.

9.1 QS JOB SCOPE IN DESIGN STAGE

QS also play an important part in the design stage as their part normally involves cost

and also design. Normally, QS prepare bills of quantity (BQ) during this stage. However, QS

has an influence to the design because they are able to provide advice based on their

professionals to the client by comparing the cost on the selection of design and materials

proposed by the architect.



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9.2 BENEFITS IN DESIGN STAGE


Better Visualization of Building • Being able to visualize it in

3D helps the players in the industry without design background to picture the complicated designs. Ø Eg. CostX allows users to

view from a 2D dimension to 3D dimension

Selection of Most Appropriate Design and Specifications • The most appropriate design

and equipment are being selected accurately and rapidly through the cost comparison and operational considerations of different design option by using BIM hence it allows QS to come out with a budget that is within the client’s demand.

Multidisciplinary Collaboration • The collaborative BIM tools

enables the players involved to share the same information and data thus it helps to breakdown the communication problem that can lead to conflicts arising between stakeholders. Ø Eg. If there are any

changes in the design, adjustments to the revised drawing can be measured by the QS immediately.

Accelerate and ease the measuring of irregular shape • In manual measurement,

irregular shape always has to be divided into a couple of regular shapes in order for it to get the total area of the surface. In CAD measurement, QS just have to click the boundary of the irregular shape in order for the total area to be quantified.

Overlapping of Drawings • The drawing of the previous

and revised drawing can be overlapped on each other to determine the changes being made therefore, it helps the QS to make the changes without any difficulty of reviewing the previous and revised drawing regularly.

Additional scope of work • With the proficiency of

CAD software, QS consultant firm has the capability to take up more projects in contrast to manual measurement. Thus, it can help the company to generate more profit though the CAD software may be costly.

Refer to Page 36 for The Benefits of Manual Measurement.



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9.3 CONSTRAINTS IN DESIGN STAGE


Loose Security of Information • The collaborative BIM tool

has its drawback to the BIM system as well. The reason for this is because there are some firms who would also misuse the access given to the BIM model to widespread decisive information and data of the project to a third party. In this circumstance, responsibility in ensuring and securing the data in the BIM Model has to be shared among QS as well.

Unfamiliarity with BIM • Since BIM has recently been

adopt in Malaysia. Henceforth, there is still deficiency of knowledgeable QS in the implementation BIM software in our construction industry. In this case, time has to be allocated for young QS to be familiarized with it. Additional cost may be invested to train the adoption of BIM.

“Polyline” Tool • There will be only ease of

measurement for QS if the drawing is drawn using “polyline”. This is because CAD software only allows object to be measured in length instead of area of the object without the aid of “polyline” tool. Hence, manual method has to be applied in order to calculate the area of selection.

Changes being made has to be updated manually • During design phase, changes

are frequently made. In this case, QS has to remeasure the adjustments being made and also reupdate the quantities to the BQ that is generated manually. Due to its inconvenient to the user, mistakes are mostly likely to happen while updating the data.

Sketches cannot be measured • Sketches are normally being

made by architects during the design phase. However, the setback of CAD is that sketches cannot be measured. As a result, manual measurement is being used if the company does not utilize BIM.

Re-measuring of work • During this phase, the

design of the proposed building is highly subjected to change in order to satisfy the need of the client. Therefore, QS has to re-measure the items that have been previously measured if there is a drastic change made.

Prone to Human Errors • With the constant changes

that are being made by the architect, QS will still have to update themselves with the cost estimates required by the client within days. Hence, this will cause them to rush and most likely miscalculate items.

Longer Period of Time • By doing manual

measurement means that items have to be scaled, multiplied, divided, added and deducted manually with only the help of typical QS tools such as calculator and scale rule. Therefore, this will require them more time to come out with the Bills of Quantities compared to the other two methods.



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10.0 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Pre-Construction is the planning that is done before the project starts has been

identified as the most vital part to deliver the project successfully (Laufer and Tucker 1987;

Douglas 2004). During this stage, the contracts are fulfilled, construction documents are

finalized and the budget and schedule are finalized.

10. 1 QS JOB SCOPE IN DESIGN STAGE

Quantity Surveyor is one of the professionals that are always involved in the pre-

construction stage during construction. What a QS needs to do during this stage is to prepare

bills of quantities and to assist on giving suggestion to choose the suitable contractor for the

project given. Here is a list of job description that QS has to do during the pre-construction

stage.



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10.2 BENEFITS IN PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE


Preparation time of tender document is reduced • With the features BIM has

like automatic quantity takeoff and automatic estimation, the time needed to complete the pricing procedure and measurement is shortened.

• Calculating build up rates such as labour cost, plants and materials cost is also reduced because of the feature that BIM offers.

Better Quality • Using BIM, the system

offers quantity surveyors the opportunity to provide better cost estimates based on actual elements.

• Inaccuracies of the quantities will also be removed using BIM.

• This software not only

reduces errors but also improves the quality cost ratio during this stage.

Accuracy in quantities • By using CAD in this stage,

the measurement collected is more accurate as CAD drawings are produced in the actual size.

• Thus, errors of quantities due to usage of wrong scale are not possible.

Data Management • CAD software is used to

manage data of a certain project more effectively. It can be classified as graphic or non-graphic. Graphic refers to drawings of a project and non-graphic refers to data such as quantities and specification and they are grouped and arranged systematically. Ø This enables the

quantity surveyors to refer to the data easily and without much hassle. Using the data stored, cost analysis can be done in this stage. If there is any design that needs to be changed by the architect, the quantity surveyor can immediately change the cost estimates and it can be done in a short period of time.




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10.3 CONSTRAINTS IN PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Building Information Modeming ( BIM ) CAD Measurement Manual Measurement

Absence of contract requirement and submission requirement • In order to reflect shared

responsibilities in obtaining information and aligning duties, some changes are required under the implementation of BIM.

• Submission of building plans in BIM format or presentation point to some authority is not assured hence the disability of using BIM in this stage.

Diverted legal responsibilities • Although the BIM software

provides many benefits, there are always drawbacks in the industry and one of them is legal concern and practical issue.

• If there are any mistakes caused by BIM, it will be pushed from one party to another because there were no standard guidelines.

• Therefore, it is vital to take

precaution by determining which party that is responsible for the error made using BIM.

Only allow measuring of quantities • The use of this CAD software

is only limited to only measuring quantities. To generate the Bills of Quantities, the quantities have to be transferred manually or exported to another software that can generate quantities.

• Hence, this requirement is troublesome and mistakes are prone to occur during transfer of data.

Does not allow repetition of same object • If there are any repeated

objects in the CAD drawings, the function ‘cut and paste’ must be used to enable the software to automatically measure the numbers of the object.

• If this is not adhered to, the software will not be able to capture and locate the actual number of the same object.

Time consuming • If there are over a hundred

drawings in one construction project, then it will take a very long time for the user to finish the measurement by hand.

• Besides than that, the user

still needs to calculate the elements by hand and writing the BQ. Therefore it is not suitable to use manual measurement in this stage.

Human errors • The amount of elements that

has to be taken into account is in huge numbers. Such as measuring the reinforcement bar, concrete, formwork, or slab, errors are going to happen.

• Other than that, human error will likely to occur if they miss out on an element. This will cause huge implication on the final cost of the project.



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11.0 CONSTRUCTION STAGE

The construction stage commences after the design of the project has been finalized

and approved with a contractor being appointed to undertake the construction of the building.

This normally covers all the works on a site including any specialist tasks which may be

carried out by various subcontractors or equipment suppliers.

11.1 QS JOB SCOPE IN CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Once the construction commences, the quantity surveyor has the responsibility of

providing cash flow data for the client so that they can allocate the necessary finances needed

for various stages of the construction. Also, the quantity surveyor can assess cost effects when

there are changes to the construction project, this can include delays and also variation orders.

Variation order is an alteration to the scope of works in a construction contract in the form of

an addition, substitution or omission from the original scope of works. Besides that, quantity

surveyors can provide a bank with a project report and also help clients by preparing draw

down certificates for money to be loaned.



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11.2 BENEFITS IN CONSTRUCTION STAGE


Project management • Implementation of BIM can

eliminate issues regarding the design of a building, budget control and work performance. It is capable of following up to the actual construction status to the model, also simulating a virtual view of the project. Project management is thus easier by following up project activities, cost and time schedule.

Speed of construction • BIM is capable of identifying

changes, glitches and issues in the drawings for rectification, as well as the detection of design errors using clash detection system. Such features will reduce variation orders.

High accuracy leading to waste reduction • With BIM, quantities extracted

are accurate enough to come up with a more efficient ordering process and minimize waste as well as storage space on-site. On top of that, BIM is able to produce specifications accurately for prefabrication (IBS), hence reducing labour costs, time and wastes.

Improves communication process via clarity • CAD improves communication

processes. This can also be attributed to the easier understanding of the design and measurement. The simplicity and consistency of the output from CAD reduces misinterpretations and uncertainty in reading plans. Since changes are easy on CAD, getting revised and updated plans to the crews are easier. 3D CAD can generate various perspective views of a structure or parts of a structure to provide accurate information about what is to be built, making construction efficient

Standardization procedure • CAD conforms to industry and

company standards, and has standardization of procedures. The interactive CAD systems help in standardization design, drafting and documentation procedures. This eliminates confusions with regards to what procedures are to be followed.




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11.3 CONSTRAINTS IN CONSTRUCTION STAGE


External parameters • BIM does not take into

consideration external factors during construction, so care and effort has to be taken manually. These factors include actual price fluctuations for construction materials, as well as natural disasters amongst others.

Transition from drafting to

modelling • The transition from drafting to

modelling can be challenging, and require skilled personnel with in-depth understanding of the project and the materials used. Such transition will also place an increased level of responsibility on the designer to ensure that all system components are coordinated with other design professionals such as architecture, engineering and quantity surveying services and that site issues are reduced to a minimum.

Standardization procedure • There is also a lack of

standard form, contractual documents and code of practices for BIM. Because of such unstandardized procedures, there might be clashes between parties involved in the project, such as communication breakdown.

Limited measurements • There may be measurement

limitations for CAD. 2D drawings are measured for the unit of measurement that require 2D designs only, while for 3D drawings, additional efforts are required to calculate measurements such as volume.

Operating expenses on site • The use of CAD at

construction sites might conflict company financial management policies. While most companies charge computer assets to project overhead, CAD significantly increases automation expenses. Project managers who aim at keeping their overhead low will balk at the additional expense on the project.

Time consuming • During construction, if

there are any variation orders, the project will be put on hold and might need to incur extension of time as manual recalculation is needed, and this method is very time consuming.

Dimensional restriction • Manual measurement

doesn’t provide the 2D, 3D, 4D or 5D services of software.



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12.0 OTHER STAGES

Based on RIBA plan of work, after the construction phase there is the handover and

close out phase and the final phase, which is in use.

12.1 HANDOVER AND CLOSE OUT

During the handover and close out phase, the project or the building is handover back

to its owner and thus concluding the Building Contract. The main focus of this phase is the

successful handover of the finished building. Not only that, Contract between the client and

the contractor is concluded/ ended with the need of evaluating performance and providing

Feedback for future projects use. The Schedule of services must be aligned with the

procurement and handover Strategies to confirm the task/services/activities that needs carry

out. For example, updating project information. Site Visit is carry out to detect and record

defects. The contractor needs to fix the defect. Then, am Architecture's Contractor will be

issued for the retentions payment. At the end of this stage, a final account is produced and

final certificate is awarded for the completion of the building.

`12.2 IN USE

This stages states the carried out duties of Post-Occupancy Evaluation and also

reviewing Project Performance. Additional activities or services may be required based on the

contract that was concluded and accordance to the Schedule of Services. If required, the

services are provided on an "as-need" basis.

12.3 QS JOB SCOPE IN OTHER STAGE

Quantity Surveyor needs to prepare the summary of the final account draft. Quantity

surveyor need to prepare final account report and submit the final account report on

completion of the defects period.



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11.2 BENEFITS IN OTHER STAGES


Better management of data • The used of Building

Information Modelling (BIM) enable the storage of information of the project, such as M&E works. Therefore, it aids the updates of the building manual, technical guide and health and safety file. It also aid in the record and archive of the cost and schedules impacts for future used.

Ease management and operation • From the date or information

recorded, the owner is able to anticipate and manage the building to reduced the operation and maintenance cost

Data Management • CAD software helps with

organise and manage of the data for the used of project teams and others. It can ease the changes of design during the construction stages and thus final account can be done using the data available


11.3 CONSTRAINTS IN OTHER STAGE


Coordination between contractor and designers

• BIM needs the contractor involvement in the design stage.

Require skill personal • Improper used of blocks and

layers may leads to error during updating the changes in design.

Quality and accuracy of data • Hard copies need to work out

manually and due to human error, the quality and the accuracy of the data may have error and not up to data. Therefore my updating the information is required.



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13.0 CONCLUSION

Throughout the whole report, we can conclude that Building Information Modeling

(BIM) opens the door of opportunities to our construction industry. Nevertheless, Malaysia is

yet to catch up with other developing countries in the adoption of BIM. Lack of awareness on

the benefits of BIM software or even reluctance to invest cost for training their staffs are the

reason why BIM implementation is slower than anticipated.

In general, it is essential to adopt the usage of BIM from the preparation phase and

ultimately all the way to the construction of the project in order to save in both cost and time.

Not only that, it also assists project stakeholders to visualize and identify several potential

building designs, construction or operational issues besides reducing wastage on site which,

consecutively, shortens the estimating time as well as improves the productivity. As good as it

may seem, there are also barriers of BIM software as well, yet the multitude of benefits of it

has not been stressed on.

To conclude our report, BIM computer software is beneficial due to its:-

• Increase understanding and predictability

• Improve efficiency

• Reduce wastage of materials

• Better quality and value

• Improve integrations and coordination on-site

In conclusion, BIM offers a wide variety of benefits to all parties in the

construction industry provided we utilize it wisely.



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REFERENCES

Software Application Group Assignment

Engineering

Transcript of Software Application Group Assignment