Sociology & Groups Unit 4. Group Types Social Groups ◦ Primary Groups ◦ Secondary Groups...
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Transcript of Sociology & Groups Unit 4. Group Types Social Groups ◦ Primary Groups ◦ Secondary Groups...
![Page 1: Sociology & Groups Unit 4. Group Types Social Groups ◦ Primary Groups ◦ Secondary Groups Relationships ◦ Primary Relationships ◦ Secondary Relationships.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/5697bf761a28abf838c80cdd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sociology & GroupsSociology & GroupsUnit 4
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Group TypesGroup TypesSocial Groups
◦Primary Groups◦Secondary Groups
Relationships◦Primary Relationships◦Secondary Relationships
AggregateCategory
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Group SizeGroup SizeSmall Group
◦Dyad◦Triad
Large Group◦Shared opinions◦Contain small sub-groups◦Communication becomes formal◦Shifting norms
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Group ValuesGroup ValuesGroup NormsGroup Roles
◦Harmonizers◦Talkers◦Idealizers
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LeadershipLeadershipLeadership Characteristics
◦Height◦IQ
Social & Communication Skills◦Self-confidence◦Liberal
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Types of LeadersTypes of LeadersInstrumental LeaderExpressive Leaders
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Leadership StylesLeadership StylesAuthoritarianDemocraticLaissez-Faire
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Group DecisionsGroup DecisionsGroup ConformityGroup ThinkRisky ShiftCautious ShiftDistorted Decision Making
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Group Decision ProcessGroup Decision Process1) Collection of Information2) Evaluation of Information3) Decision Reached4) Harmony Restored
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The Asch ParadigmThe Asch ParadigmDecision-Making and Conformity
◦7 confederates, 1 participant◦1/3 fell into the “majority affect”
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Group BoundariesGroup BoundariesIn-groupsOut-groups
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Reference GroupsReference GroupsReference Groups
◦Used for self-evaluation◦Set a standard◦Strongly influence behaviors
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Group NetworksGroup NetworksSocial Networks
◦Primary contacts◦Secondary contacts
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OrganizationsOrganizationsFormal OrganizationsInformal OrganizationsOrganizational Culture
◦Cultural network
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Douglas McGregorDouglas McGregorTheories of Management
◦Theory X◦Theory Y
Related Concepts: ◦Job rotation◦Job enlargement
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BureaucraciesBureaucraciesBureaucracy: Hierarchical
authority controlling formal organizations.◦Karl Marx: These are bad!◦Max Weber: Rationalizes rules &
procedures – Functionalist! Ideal Type is OK
Division of Labor Hierarchy Regulations Impersonal Record Keeping Administrative Career structures
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BureaucraciesBureaucracies◦Robert merton: Beureaucratic
Persoanlity is a dysfunctionSeen as a negotiated realityLeads to Oligarchy
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Problem With Problem With BureaucraciesBureaucracies
Bureaucratic AlienationBureaucratic RitualismBureaucratic InertiaInstitutionalismGoal Displacement
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Organizational ProcessOrganizational ProcessInstitutionalizationGoal DisplacementCollective Organizations
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Organizational ModelsOrganizational ModelsAmitai Etzioni’s 3 Organizational
Models: ◦Coercive Organizations◦Utilitarian Organizations◦Voluntary Associations
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Organizational ModelsOrganizational ModelsMcDonaldization:
◦Efficiency◦Calculability◦Predictability◦Control