Wide range of topics studied in sociology, including: Relationships between ethnic groups ...
Transcript of Wide range of topics studied in sociology, including: Relationships between ethnic groups ...
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY
FIELDS OF STUDY IN SOCIOLOGY Wide range of topics studied in
sociology, including:Relationships between ethnic groupsRelationships between social classesGender roles and expectationsThe familyCriminology and devianceStructure of the workplace
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ETHNIC GROUPS
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SOCIAL CLASSES
THE FAMILY
GENDER ROLES
GENDER ROLES
GENDER ROLES
CRIMINOLOGY
SCHOOL OR WORKPLACE ORGANIZATION
SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT IN SOCIOLOGY
Functionalist School Conflict School (aka neo-Marxist) Symbolic Interactionist School
FUNCTIONALISM Believes that society is best studied as
an organic system – like the human body
When all the parts of society work together as they should, the interests of each individual member are protected
Analyzes: large scale patterns of societyRelationships among parts of society
FUNCTIONALIST: HOW DO ALL THE PARTS OF SOCIETY FIT TOGETHER AND WORK?
THE CONFLICT SCHOOL Believe that the most significant characteristic
of human beings is their ability to produce goods to meet their needs and wants
Therefore, interested in how the forces of production operate, and in the social structures, and relationships that are created from these forces (aka, the economy) Different groups compete/struggle for resources and
power, creating conflicts and different social classes – with some classes having power over others
Analyzes: Large-scale patterns of society Struggles and conflicts between social classes for
resources and power
CONFLICT SCHOOL: CLASS STRUGGLE
DOES HAVING THE MONEY FOR THE “BEST” EDUCATION MEAN YOU HAVE MORE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHANCES FOR SUCCESS THAN OTHERS?
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM Focuses on small-scale patterns in the
interactions between individuals, unlike other two schools that look at broad patterns
Believe that the most significant characteristic of human beings is their ability to reason abstractly and think symbolically, giving us a sense of ‘self’ and a sense of “others” This is used in our face-to-face interactions to
create the patterns, roles and rules of behaviour… ‘society’
Analyzes: Small-scale patterns of social interaction Symbols people use to create social life
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
OUR BEHAVIOURS ARE BASED ON WHAT WE THINK IS IMPORTANT BASED ON OUR INTERACTIONS WITH OTHERS.
APPLY WHAT YOU’VE LEARNED
Identify a sociological question, issue or problem at Aldershot, our community or the world
RECALL Sociologists study the organization,
institutions, and development of society, especially changing relationships between individuals and the collective behaviour of groups
How Movies Teach Manhood
A SOCIOLOGIST’S TOOLBOX
Rely heavily on information they get from
QUESTIONNAIRES PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
SURVEYSEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
TWO QUESTION TYPES Open: Do not have a yes no answer
How does conflict affect student relationships? How do different societies respond to changes
in technology? Why do some students skip classes
Closed: Have a yes, no or straight ahead answer. Where do you live? How many male students are at your school? What are the consequences for skipping
school at your school?
APPLY YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Come up with three survey questions to answer your sociological question/problem/issue.
Bullying Teacher(s) have difficulty hearing
student’s voices.
CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS OF SOCIETIES Shared symbols and learned behaviours
that everyone in the society recognizes and understands
Values – shared ideas and standards that are considered acceptable and binding
Norms – expectations about how people should behave
Role - expected behaviour of a person in a particular social position
PERSONAL APPLICATION
What are the norms, roles and values in Aldershot (home and community) and at Aldershot school?
OBJECTIVITY AND UNIVERSALITY Important for researchers to set aside
beliefs, judgements and personal views – they must remain objective
Also important to look for elements of universality of their research – break down cultural and geographic boundaries Ie: a study on parenting in a remote African
village can give insight to a large NA city
NOTABLE SOCIOLOGISTS Emile Durkheim Karl Marx Max Weber Talcott Parsons George Murdock Wallace Clement John Porter Jay Goldstein and
Rita Bienvenue David Lyon Edna Einsiedel
Marc Raboy Reginald Bibby Marlene Mackie Charles Cooley &
George Herbert Mead
Irving Goffman William Foote
Whyte Dorothy Smith C. Wright Mills
WHO ARE THESE PEOPLE? Task
Groups of two or three Pick a sociologist Research! Find out:
Who they were/are When and where they lived Three different issues that they were interested
in/concerned about/important contributions Relevance/helpfulness of their focus to modern
problems in society Make a poster of your findings!
8.5 x 11 inch paper Include the above data and a picture Don’t forget your works cited!
SOCIALIZATION AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT – HOW ARE WE SOCIALIZED? Socialization – process where someone
learns the attitudes, values and behaviours that are valuable and necessary for the society in which they live Happens from infancy to death Begins in the family, but many other
influencing forces• Peers/
social influence
• School• Work• Media
• Religion• Gender• Culture
CATEGORIES OF SOCIALIZATION – THE PROCESS Primary socialization – the process of
learning the basic skills needed to survive in society
Secondary socialization – learning how to behave appropriately in group situations
Anticipatory socialization – learning how to plan the way to behave in new situations
Resocialization – the process by which negative behaviour is transformed into socially acceptable behaviour
HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE BEHAVIOUR? Social influences on our behaviour
FamilyGenderCultureMedia
Application question: How do movies teach gender roles?
(Disney Princesses overhead)http://www.ted.com/talks/colin_stokes_how_movies_teach_manhood.html
CONT’D: HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE BEHAVIOUR? Social influence – the effect of other
people on a person’s thoughts and actions Direct and indirect influence
Ex: you join your friends for sushi, even though you really want a burger
Ex: Not dating someone you’re interested in because of the reactions you think you’ll get from your family
Social expectations can differ even between subcultures Who’s expected to clear their plates at dinner? City to country and country to city
APPLICATION QUESTION
What are the risks of not conforming to expectations? (Family, gender, cultural…)
SOCIALIZATION AND GENDER ROLES http://www.thestar.com/life/health_wellness/
2011/05/24/star_readers_rage_about_couple_raising_genderless_infant.html
Margaret Mead examined a number of distinct features about American and Samoan adolescent girls and concluded that gender roles are socially constructed and relative to the culture in which they are exhibited That is – North American, Canadian,
Burlingtonian culture roles are distinct to our culture – they’ll be similar within our overarching culture, but dissimilar from other cultures
DIFFERENT CULTURES, DIFFERENT GREETINGSCulture Greeting
Polynesian Place the other person’s hands on your face and stroke
Tibetan Stick your tongue out at the person you wish to greet
Inuit Rub noses with the other person
Western European Kiss the other person on the cheek
Massai (tribe in Kenya) Spit on the other person, and when greeting an elder, spit in your hand before you offer it up to be shaken
North America Handshake
ABNORMAL SOCIALIZATION – SOCIALIZATION GONE WRONG Can result because of
NeglectAbuseAbandonment
Feral children Deserted at a young age and raised by
animalsThey appropriate the behaviours of the
species that raise them. Can perfectly imitate their gestures and sounds
FERAL CHILDREN http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=STn3bpTTU6c
Sociologists realized from studying these children that need to learn social skills at a young ageThis is a critical period for developing and
internalizing social behaviours