Sociological Survey Report Georgia 2008 Sociological Survey Report Georgia 2008.

Sociological Survey Report

Georgia 2008


Georgia 2008


Georgia 2008

Survey Objectives

Identify the needs and problems of the population, study the level of

their involvement in solving issues from gender perspective

Identify the public awareness level regarding parliamentary elections

Conduct the public opinion poll on women’s participation at the

decision making levels

Find the gender differences in population’s electoral behavior


Georgia 2008

Methodology

• Method – FACE-to-FACE interviews were conducted with the random sample

selected on after preliminary stratification.

• Sample size and design. 509 respondents.

• Area. Tbilisi (235 respondents), Imereti (74 respondents), Samegrelo (54

respondents), Kvemo Kartli (71 respondents), Kakheti (40 respondents), Guria

(35 respondents)

• Survey period. 01/05/08-10/05/08

• Accuracy. Standard deviation 4%, 95% confidence interval.


Georgia 2008

Results of the Public Opinion Poll


Georgia 2008

1. Please list the most acute problems in your region? (%)

Region GenderTotal

Tbilisi Region Female Male

Unemployment 22,7% 42,3% 32,6% 40,1% 35,2%

Social issues 3,4% 16,0% 13,1% 8,4% 11,4%

Difficult to answer 23,1% 4,9% 12,6% 9,3% 11,4%

Economical issues 3,4% 12,7% 9,6% 8,9% 9,3%

Cleaning 14,3% 1,6% 6,6% 5,5% 6,2%

Roads 9,7% 4,0% 6,6% 5,1% 6,0%

Water supply 1,7% 4,7% 3,3% 4,2% 3,6%

Communal issues 7,6% 0,9% 3,3% 3,4% 3,3%

Drug abuse 3,4% 0,7% 0,5% 3,8% 1,7%

Transportation problem 2,5% 0,5% 1,9% 0,0% 1,2%

Gas supply 0,0% 1,9% 1,2% 1,3% 1,2%

Criminal situation 2,5% 0,0% 0,2% 2,1% 0,9%

Education issues 0,0% 1,2% 1,2% 0,0% 0,8%

Street dogs 1,7% 0,0% 0,9% 0,0% 0,6%

Damaged flats 1,7% 0,0% 0,9% 0,0% 0,6%

Price increases 0,8% 0,5% 0,5% 0,8% 0,6%

None 1,7% 0,0% 0,5% 0,8% 0,6%

Total 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%


Georgia 2008

2. Are you engaged in the process of solving the problems of your region? (%)

Region Gender

Total


Yes 8,9 47,4 25,6 36,2 29,5

No 72,8 46,7 63,8 50,3 58,8

Difficult to answer

18,3 5,9 10,6 13,5 11,7

Total 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0


Georgia 2008

Difficult to answer

11,7%Yes

29,5%

No

58,8%



Georgia 2008

8,9

72,8

18,3

47,4

46,7

5,9

0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0

Y es

No

Difficult to answer

Tbilisi Region



Georgia 2008


25,6

63,8

10,6

36,2

50,3

13,5

0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0

Yes

No

Diff . to answer

Female Male


Georgia 2008

3. What kind of elections are to be held in Spring 2008?

Region Gender

Total


Parliamentary 96,6 97,4 98,1 95,1 97,0

Presidential 1,7 1,8 1,2 2,7 1,8

Local Self-government 0,7 0,6 0,4

Difficult to answer 1,7 2,2 0,8

Total 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0


Georgia 2008

98,1

1,2

0,6

95,1

2,7

2,2

0,0 20,0 40,0 60,0 80,0 100,0 120,0

Parliamentary

Presidential

Local Self-government

Diff . to answer

Female Male



Georgia 2008

96,6

1,7

1,7

97,4

1,8

0,7

0,0 20,0 40,0 60,0 80,0 100,0 120,0

Parliamentary

Presidential


Diffi cult to answer

Tbilisi Region



Georgia 2008

5. Who do you think do not influence outcomes of the elections?

Region Gender

TotalTbilisi Region Female Male

Electorate 34,0 58,4 44,1 51,6 46,9

Candidate 9,4 10,7 11,1 8,2 10,1

Money 7,7 14,5 9,5 14,3 11,3

Central Election Committee 15,3 1,1 8,3 7,1 7,8

Government 32,3 11,8 23,5 18,1 21,5

Persons with authority 0,4 1,9 1,6 0,5 1,2

Informal leaders 0,4 0,3 0,2

Youth 0,9 0,4 1,0 0,6

Females 0,8 0,6 0,4

Total 100 100 100 100 100


Georgia 2008

55,4%

25,1%

4,4%

15,0%

Significant violations Insignificant violations Without violations Other

6. Do you think that the parliamentary elections will be held with … (%)


Georgia 2008

6. Do you think that the parliamentary elections will be held with … (%)…

Region Gender

Total


With significant violations 28,9 21,9 25,7 24,2 25,1

With insignificant violations 61,3 50,4 55,8 54,8 55,4

Without violations 6,4 22,6 14,4 16,1 15,0

Other 3,4 5,2 4,1 4,8 4,4

Total 100 100 100 100 100


Georgia 2008

7. Why do you think people desire to become parliament members? (%)

Region Gender

Total


Don’t know 20,1 3,1 13,5 8,6 11,6

For personal aggrandizement 50,2 53,3 50,0 54,6 51,8

Some for money, others for the country 11,4 13,7 12,1 13,2 12,5

For covering/lobbying their business 9,6 5,3 4,0 4,8

For social status 3,5 0,9 2,8 1,1 2,2

For power 3,5 4,0 3,2 4,6 3,7

To benefit population 1,7 25,1 13,1 13,8 13,4

Total 100 100 100 100 100


Georgia 2008

2.2

3.7

4.8

11.6

12.5

13.4

51.8

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0

For social status

For power

For covering/lobbying their

business

I do not know

Some for money, others

for the country

rom sikeTe moutanon

xalxs

sakuTari keTildReobisTvis

7. Why do you think people desire to become parliament members? (%)


Georgia 2008

•Unemployment remains the most urgent issue for 35 % of the respondents. This issue is more acute for males. More than 40% of male respondents think that unemployment is the main problem for the country.

• 29% of the respondents are involved in some way in solving problems of their respective regions. The figure for male respondents is 35% and 25% for females.

• Percentage of population with awareness regarding the parliamentary elections is very high – 97%. There is no gender difference with regard to that issue.

• According to the respondents voters themselves (47%) and government (21,5%) significant influance on the voting. If there is only 2% difference between the two variables in Tbilisi, the difference increases for the voters and reaches 47%. Percentage of females who consider that the government is the decisive subject exceeds that of males by 5% and the percentage of males who think that voters represent decisive factor exceeds that of females by 7%.

• Only 25% of the respondents think that 2008 parliamentary elections will be conducted with significant violations. No gender differences.

•52% of the respondents think that members of parliament would like to be members of parliament for their own aggrandizement. 4% more males share the viewpoint.


Georgia 2008

5.3

22.9

31.2

40.5

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0

Difficult to answer

Not necessary

It is necessary

Desirable, but not

necessary

8. Do you think that it is necessary to increase the number of women in the governmental bodies? (%)


Georgia 2008

8. Do you think that it is necessary to increase the number of women in the governmental bodies? (%)

Region Gender

Total


It is not necessary 28,1 18,5 20,6 27,0 22,9

It is desirable, but not necessary 29,4 50,2 41,4 38,9 40,5

It is necessary 34,9 28,0 33,6 27,0 31,2

Difficult to answer 7,7 3,3 4,4 7,0 5,3

Total 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00


Georgia 2008

9. From your prospective, female participation should increase at which level of government? (%)

No place for females in politics

6,7%


42,9%Cabinet of Ministers

6,5%

Parliament 43,8%


Georgia 2008

9. From your prospective, female participation should increase at which level of government? (%)

Region Gender

Total


Parliament 31,6 54,7 45,8 40,2 43,8

Cabinet of Ministers 6,1 7,0 7,1 5,6 6,5

Local Self - government 57,1 30,2 41,3 45,8 42,9

No place in politics for females 5,2 8,1 5,8 8,4 6,7

Total 100 100 100 100 100


Georgia 2008

10. From your perspective, what hampers women’s more active involvement in politics? (%)

Region Gender


Discrimination of women in the society and stereotype of women’s role

1,7 23,9 16,4 8,6 13,5

Family 55,7 41,0 45,6 51,9 47,9

Political system and political culture 11,9 11,6 13,8 8,1 11,7

Lack of women’s desire and experience 17,0 13,4 11,6 21,1 15,1


Total 100 100 100 100 100


Georgia 2008

No essential difference

13,7%

Diff. to answer

4,8%

There are differences

81,5%

11. Do you think that a working style of a female politician differs from a working style of a male politician? (%)


Georgia 2008

11. Do you think that working style of a female politician differs from a working style of a male politician? (%)

Region Gender

Total


No essential differences 9,8 17,0 13,5 14,1 13,7

There are differences 86,8 77,0 80,9 82,7 81,5


Total 100 100 100 100 100


Georgia 2008

14. What measures should be taken to increase chances of involvement of women in politics?

Region GenderTotal


Enhancement of public education 9,6 26,3 18,6 18,5 18,5

Conduct educational work for those who wants to be involved in politics

7,4 22,9 16,3 14,7 15,7

Establishment of female groups at each party and community union 3,5 13,9 9,9 7,6 9,1

Establishment of women’s political party 0,9 4,9 3,2 2,7 3,0

Women participation will increase along with improvement

of economic conditions 25,7 18,8 26,3 14,7 22,0


Total 100 100 100 100 100


Georgia 2008

15. To which representative of gender would you give preference during elections for public offices?

Region Gender

Total


Female 13,2 8,1 11,8 8,2 10,5

More to female than to male 17,9 11,4 16,1 11,4 14,4

Does not matter 37,0 34,6 38,1 31,5 35,7

More to male than to female 24,3 19,5 17,0 29,9 21,7

Male 5,1 9,6 4,6 12,5 7,5


Total 100 100 100 100 100


Georgia 2008

• According to the 40,5% of the respondents participation of females in politics is desirable. Only 23% of the respondents do not think that women’s participation in decision-making is necessary. 7% more males consider women participation necessary as well as 7% more females.

• 44% and 43% of the respondents think that females must be represented mainly in the parliament and local self-government bodies. Only 6% think that there is place for them in the cabinet of ministers as well. There is no gender differences, though significant regional differences are apparent. 20% more of the Tbilisi respondents see women’s role more in local self-government and 25% more regional respondents indicate necessity of female participation in the parliament.

• 48% of the respondents consider that family obligations hinder more active involvement of women in politics. Out of them 52% are males and 46% - females. Lack of desire and experience of females is named as one of the factors hindering more active involvement of females in politics (15%). It is interesting that 12% of females and 21% of males share the idea.

•81% of the respondents think that working style of females differs from that of males. There are no gender differences .

• According to 22% of the respondents chances for female participation in politics would increase along with improvement of economic conditions. 14% of males and 26% of females share this idea.

• 36% remain neutral in making decision in favor of male or female. It should be noted that 42% of males favor males and 22% of females favor females. 28% of females and only 19% of males are in favor of electing females.


Georgia 2008

16. Do you agree with the following statements? (%)

Yeas NoNon

response

Total

1. Female politicians give less attention to their families 61% 29% 11% 100%

2. Work is more important than family for female politicians 53% 34% 13% 100%

3. Support from husband and other family members is necessary for a female politician to be successful

74% 16% 10% 100%

4. If female is involved in politics her spouse feels suppressed 23% 63% 14% 100%

5. Male’s carrier is always a priority in a family 55% 32% 13% 100%

6. The only role for a female must be support to her husband 15% 72% 13% 100%


Georgia 2008

16. Do you agree with the following statements? (%)

Tbilisi Region

Yeas No

Non response

Total Yeas No

Non response

Total

1. Female politicians give less attention to their families

64% 35% 1% 100% 57% 23% 19% 100%

2. Work is more important than family for female politicians

63% 36% 1% 100% 45% 32% 23% 100%

3. Support from husband and other family members is necessary for a female politician to be successful

68% 31% 1% 100% 79% 4% 17% 100%

4. If female is involved in politics her spouse feels suppressed

28% 71% 1% 100% 20% 55% 25% 100%

5. Male’s carrier is always a priority in a family

52% 47% 1% 100% 58% 19% 23% 100%

6. The only role for a female must be support to her husband

17% 82% 1% 100% 14% 63% 23% 100%


Georgia 2008

16. Do you agree with the following statements? (%)Females

56%

48%

71%

31%

38%

19%

13%

15%

10%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

1. Female politic ian pay less

attantion to their families

2. Work is more important

than family for female

politic ians

3. Support from spouse and

other family members is

necessary for a female

politic ian to be successful

Yes

No

Non response

Males

68%

62%

80%

24%

27%

12%

8%

10%

9%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

1. Female politic ians give less attantion

to their families

2. Work is more important than family for

female politic ians

3. Support from spouse and other family

members is necessary for a female

politic ian to be successful

Yes

No

Nonresponse


Georgia 2008

16. Do you agree with the following statements? (%)Females

25%

51%

13%

59%

34%

72%

16%

15%

15%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

4. If a female is

involved in politics her

spouse feels

suppressed

5. Carrier of male is

always priority in a

family

6. Female's role should

be restricted only to

support her husband

Y es

No

Non response

Males

21%

61%

19%

68%

29%

71%

11%

10%

10%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

4. If female is

involved in politics

her spouse feels

suppressed

5. Carrier of male is

always priority in a

family

6. Female's role

should be restric ted

only to support her

husband

Yes

No

Nonresponse


Georgia 2008

Difficult to answer

7,5%Yes

19,9%

No

72,6%

17. Should a female be engaged in family care if the family is well-off financially and does not need additional financial income?


Georgia 2008


25.8

62.9

11.414.8

81.1

4.2

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

Yes No Diff . to answer

Tbi l i si Regi on

20.1

74.8

5.2

19.6

69.0

11.4

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

Yes No Diff. to answer

Female Male


Georgia 2008


Region Gender

Total


Yes 25,8 14,8 20,1 19,6 19,9

No 62,9 81,1 74,8 69,0 72,6

Diff. to answer 11,4 4,2 5,2 11,4 7,5

Total 100 100 100 100 100


Georgia 2008

18. There is an idea that female voters to not support female candidates. Do you agree to this? (%)

Yes No Non response Total

1. Women do not trust each-other 37,5% 48,6% 13,9% 100,0%

2. There are few female candidates participating in elections

66,2% 21,2% 12,6% 100,0%

3. It is not reasonable to elect females 15,9% 64,8% 19,3% 100,0%

4. Negative image of some female politicians 42,0% 36,7% 21,3% 100,0%

5. Weak election campaign of female candidates

38,3% 42,8% 18,9% 100,0%

6. Female voters are less active voters 19,4% 62,3% 18,3% 100,0%

7. Indifferent attitude of females towards elections

14,1% 66,8% 19,1% 100,0%

8. A female does not see much of her rights protector in another female

40,1% 40,9% 19,0% 100,0%


Georgia 2008

18. There is an idea that female voters to not support female candidates. Do you agree to this? (%)

Tbilisi Region

Yes No

Non response

Total Yes No

Non response

Total

1. Women do not trust each-other 46,8% 52,3% 0,9% 100,0% 29,6% 45,3% 25,2% 100,1%

2. There are few female candidates participating in elections

59,1% 40,4% 0,4% 99,9% 72,3% 4,7% 23,0% 100,0%

3. It is not reasonable to elect females 26,4% 72,8% 0,9% 100,1% 6,9% 58,0% 35,0% 99,9%

4. Negative image of some female politicians

40,4% 58,7% 0,9% 100,0% 43,4% 17,9% 38,7% 100,0%

5. Weak election campaign of female candidates

35,3% 63,8% 0,9% 100,0% 40,9% 24,8% 34,3% 100,0%

6. Female voters are less active voters 23,8% 75,3% 0,9% 100,0% 15,7% 51,1% 33,2% 100,0%

7. Indifferent attitude of females towards elections

19,1% 79,1% 1,7% 99,9% 9,9% 56,2% 33,9% 100,0%

8. A female does not see much of her rights protector in another female

53,6% 42,6% 3,8% 100,0% 28,5% 39,4% 32,1% 100,0%


Georgia 2008

Females

32.5%

63.8%

10.5%

40.2%

51.7%

22.3%

67.5%

37.2%

15.8%

13.9%

22.0%

22.6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

1. Women do not trust

each-other

2. There are few

female candidates

partic ipating in

elections

3. It is not reasonable

to elect females

4. Negative image of

some female

politic ians

Yes

No

Nonresponse

Males

46.2%

70.4%

25.3%

45.2%

43.0%

19.4%

60.2%

36.0%

10.8%

10.2%

14.5%

18.8%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

3. I t is not reasonable to

elect females

4. Negative image of some

female politic ians

3. I t is not reasonable to

elect females

4. Negative image of some

female politic ians

Yes

No

Non response

18. Do you agree with the following ideas?


Georgia 2008

Femal es

36.8%

17.0%

11.5%

35.3%

43.0%

62.8%

67.2%

43.0%

20.2%

20.2%

21.3%

21.7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

5. Weak election campaign of female

candidates

6. Female voters are less active voters

7. Indifferent attitude of females towards

elections

8. A female does not see much of her rights

protector in another female

Yes

No

Nonresponse

18. Do you agree with the following ideas?

Mal es

40.9%

23.7%

18.8%

48.4%

42.5%

61.3%

66.1%

37.1%

16.6%

15.0%

15.1%

14.5%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

5. Weak election campaign of female

candidates

6. Female voters are less active voters

7. Indifferent attitude of females towards

elections

8. A female does not see much of her rights

protector in another female

Y es

No

Non

response


Georgia 2008

• 56% of female respondents and 68% of male respondents think that female politicians give less attention to their families. 25% of female respondents and 21% of male respondents think that when a female is in politics her spouse feels suppressed. It is also interesting that 51% of female respondents and 61% of male respondents think that carrier of husband in a family is more important. According to 19% of males and 13% of females think that role of female is to support husband. M• According to the 73% of the respondents females must be engaged only in family care if the family is financially well-off. There is no gender difference with regard to this issue.•66% of the respondents think that female candidates are few in elections taking from females opportunity of supporting female candidates.• 32.5% of female respondents and 47% of male respondents think that absence of support from female voters to female candidates is caused by mistrust.•40% of the respondents think that females do not see protector of their interest in females. This viewpoint is share by 48% of males and 35% of females.


Georgia 2008

19. Which problems would you try to tackle in the first place were of a member of the parliament? (%)

Region Gender


Employment issue 25,5 50,2 41,4 30,7 37,5

Economic problems 7,8 19,8 13,7 13,5 13,6

I would not be an MP 11,3 0,9 4,9 8,6 6,3

Social issues 13,4 7,4 13,7 4,9 10,5

I would re-unite Georgia 8,7 8,8 5,6 14,1 8,7

I do not know 12,1 1,8 7,4 6,7 7,1

Education issue 3,0 1,4 2,1 2,5 2,2

Cleaning issues 3,9 2,5 1,2 2,0

Criminal situation problem 3,5 1,1 3,1 1,8

Demographic problems 1,3 1,8 1,8 1,2 1,6

Communal problems 1,3 1,4 0,7 2,5 1,3

Damaged residential houses 2,6 0,7 2,5 1,3

Drug abuse 2,6 3,7 1,3

I would improve legislature 0,4 1,8 1,4 0,6 1,1

Fair courts 1,8 0,7 1,2 0,9

Return of refugees 1,4 0,4 1,2 0,7

Water supply problem 0,9 0,4 0,6 0,4

All problems together 0,9 0,7 0,4

The issue of tramp dogs 0,4 0,4 0,2

Organization of public communal services 0,4 0,6 0,2

Land 0,5 0,4 0,2

Pasture 0,5 0,6 0,2

Make enterprises work 0,5 0,4 0,2

Total 100 100 100 100 100


Georgia 2008

20. Are you going to participate in the parliamentary elections? (%)

I have not decided13,1%

Yes

73,7%

No

13,3%


Georgia 2008

20. Are you going to participate in the parliamentary elections? (%)

Region Gender

Total


Yes 76,2 71,5 73,5 73,9 73,7

No 6,8 18,9 11,5 16,3 13,3

I have not decided 17,0 9,6 15,0 9,8 13,1

Total 100 100 100 100 100


Georgia 2008

No

34,1%

Yes

65,9%

20. Are you going to participate in the parliamentary elections ? (%)


Georgia 2008

21. Have you already made decision regarding which party or party candidate to support? (%)

Region Gender

Total


Yes 44,3 84,8 64,2 69,0 65,9

No 55,7 15,2 35,8 31,0 34,1

Total 100 100 100 100 100


Georgia 2008

• Answer of 41% of females and 31% of males to the question - Which problems would you try to tackle in the first place were of a member of the parliament? – was solving unemployment issue. There is gender difference with regard to unifying Georgia. 14% of males and only 5% of females think that this issue is the most important one.

• 74% of the respondents are going to participate in the parliamentary elections (without gender differences).

• 5% more males had strictly decided not to participate in the elections when 5% more females had not yet made decision whether they would express their political will by participation in the elections.

• Interesting fact – 66% of the respondents have already decided which party they are going to vote for. It is also interesting that in Tbilisi only 44% of the respondents had made the decision against 85% in the regions.


Georgia 2008

Main Conclusions

• Public awareness regarding the parliamentary elections is quite high. There are no gender differences with regard to awareness.

The survey results showed:

• Unemployment and social support issues are priorities. Population in the regions is more actively

involved in solving problems existing in the country than respondents from Tbilisi.


Georgia 2008

Majority of the respondents think that working style of females is different from that of

males. Although majority of the respondents think that it is desirable to elect females in

government bodies, this remains just a declaration as majority of them are not ready to see

females in government bodies. There are no gender differences in this case

•Voters will have decisive influence on the results of the elections according to the majority of the respondents out of which more females than males think that government has significant influence.• According to female respondents participation of females is most necessary in the parliament, when males consider local self-government the best venue for female participation in politics.


Georgia 2008

Major part of the respondents do not consider gender as a factor in voting for a

politician. Although, most of them notes that female involvement hiders there fulfillment of

family obligations. It should also be noted that quite a big group of males does not consider

appointment of a female in a position with high responsibilities reasonable.

The respondents hope that the parliamentary elections will be held without violations.

At the same time they note that candidates want to become MPs for their personal

aggrandizement. It is also interesting that mainly population has already made decisions

regarding whom to vote 1 month before the parliamentary elections.


Georgia 2008

Main public opinion changes (Comparison with the 2006 survey results)

• Female awareness regarding the elections increased by 18%;• Number of voters, which think that gender of a candidate is irrelevant

increased by 10%;• Number of respondents who think that family obligations is the main factor

hindering females from becoming more politically active;• Number of respondents who considered stereotypes as a reason for

becoming females more active in politics decreased by 14%;• Number of respondents who think that working style of females and males

are different increased by almost 30%;• Number of respondents who think that improvement of economic

conditions is a factor in females taking more active political role increased by 6%;

• Number of respondents in favor of establishment of female groups at political parties increased by 3%;

• Number of respondents who think that female participation in politics is desirable increased by 15%.

Sociological Survey Report Georgia 2008 Sociological Survey Report Georgia 2008.

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Transcript of Sociological Survey Report Georgia 2008 Sociological Survey Report Georgia 2008.