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SOCIETY FOR CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGY

NEWSLETTER VOLUME 1:0 NO. 4 SEPTEMBER 1976

SOUTHERN DATA SHARING ME!E.'rINGS IN LONG :BEACH

The SCA Ila.ta Sha.ring Meetings in the southern portion of the state will be held on Saturday, October 23, at California State University, Long :Beach. Franklin Fenenga and his colleagues will be in charge of local arran,isements. Program Chairman is Mike Glassow, Southern Vice-President of SCA. Mike will attempt to contact the various institutions and societies, giving information on these meetings. Location will be the Psychology Auditorium; time is not yet set,

The sessions will consist of comparatively short and informal reports on what archaeologists in the south have been doing, such as research · reports, field reports, reports on ongoing analyses, on local programs, on what is happening in cultural resource management in different regions, etc.

It will help in planning the program if individuals wishing to give such an informal report would contact Mike in writing or phone him beforehand (Area 805-961-2054; or leave a message at the Department of Anthropology, UC, Santa :Barbara, CA 93106, Area 805-961-2257), indicating that they will be giving a report. If they cannot let him know earlier, they may tell him on the day of the meeting.

SCA ANNUAL MEE'l'INGS DATE AND PLACE CHANGED

Location of the SCA Annual Meetings for 1977 has been changed to San Diego (a.gain!) due to logistical difficulties with the proposed Santa :Barbara location. Following decisions of the Southwestern Anthropological Association and the Society for Applied Anthropology to meet instead in San Diego, the SCA has also concluded that it will meet there in order to carry out the joint mettings as planned. Dates will be April 6 through April 2• one week earlier than previously announced. 'I'he place is the Town & Country Hotel.

Russ Kaldenberg is Local Arrangements Chainna.n, and Nelson Leona.rd is Program Chainna.n for the meetings. Nelson may be contacted at the Archaeological Research Unit, University of California., Riverside, CA 92502, by those inter­ested in giving papers or organizing symposia for the meetings •

Peter Jensen, SCA Northern Vice-President, bas forwarded the followillg letter inviting all SCA members and other interested persons to the October ;0th lla.ta.-sbaring Meetings to be bald this year in Chico:

"As you probably know, the fall regional data.­sharing meetings of the Society for California ~haeolog;r a.re coming up in late October. 'fhe different Clearillghouses and others working on EIR•s have used these meetings to share info:mation on problems encountered arJd/or results aohitmid in the EIR business d=ing the past 7ear. La.st 7ea.r, Dick Hastings decided to focus attention on the problem of archaeological. "significaDCe" and its definition. 1'his yea.r I would like to emphasize a rallge of illlplementa.tiona.l problems, iucluding procedural. issues encountered during :rm' s, atand­ards, budgets arJd a;ny other operational ma.tters related to the EIR experience of particular i:od.i­viduals arJd ~ti tutions.

"A.re there significant procedural issues, : questions of standards, budgetary cODCerns or azry other operational matters which you've experiemed which you would be willing to share at the fa.11 data-sharing meetings? The assumption here is that we could all benefit from info:rma.tion and ill'Wllna.­tion of problems encountered in your work, as perhaps you m.i.8ht benefit from info:rma.tion and illumination of problems encOUD.tered by others in other areas. Presentations will be quite info:t".lllal a.Dd leJlgtll;y discussions. are not at a.11 expected.

Please let me know if you would be willing to participate in the ds:ta.-shal:'ing meetings in late

'October. '!'he meetings will be held in Ohioo on Saturday, the 30th of October, beginning at 9:00 A.M. in 101 :Butte Hall. I would like to be able to complete the schedule by the 30th of September, plus or mimLs a week, a:rid. so vO"llld a.wreei.ate y-our reply as soon as possible.

Next News Deadline Nov. 8

Keeping Current

NE1i JO:SS, ACTIVITIES, AND TRA:NSFERS

John Fritz, from UC Santa. Cruz to S'UNY, :e:ll:lgba.lllton .{still remaining President of SCA, but with the Executive :Boa.rd and President-Elect Joe Winter coping with day-to-day business) Meg Fritz from San Jose State to SUNY, Binghamton. Dorothy Washburn from San Jose State to UC, Berkeley ••• Anrie Woosley to San Jose State from UC, Santa Cruz •••

,Margaret Weide back from SUNY, . Binghampton to University of Nevada, Las.Vegas •••• Frank Find.low to Columbia. •••• Iiick Hanks, leaving the BLM at Riverside for the Washington office.

Paul Ezell, retired from San Diego State -Unive-rsity,-wil-1 -be-consulting ·for-Westec -GGrp ••• Clement Meighan, to Iran through Ja.nua.ry • .;.~ Tartaglia, to CSU, Northridge, replacing !!!!! Brieur as head of North.ridge Archaeological ~h Center.·

CHICO STATE APPOINTS RESEARCH ARCHAEOLOGIST

In June of this year the Department of Anthropology, California State University, Chico, appointed Dr. Janet Friedman to a full~time research archaeologist position. Dr. Friedman will assist in developing the contract archaeology program at Chico State. She completed her doctorate at Washington State University and has several years of experience working at the Ozette Site on the Washington Coast.

'Books KEITH L. JOHNSON 8/26/:76

The California Environmental Act: A Review March 1976 • Sacramento: State of California,

Office of Planning and Research, 1400 Tenth St., Room 250, Sacramento, CA 95814, 1976, ~·

Crosby, Harry. Cave Paintings of Ba.ja California. La Jolla: Copley Books, P.O. Box 957 La Jolla CA 92038, 1975, $18.50. ' '

Heizer, Robert F., ed. A Collection of Ethnograph­ical Articles on the California Indians. Ramona, CA: Ballena Press, P.O. Box 711, 1976, 103 pp., $4. 95. 21 articles (vintage ca. 1880-1920 from various publications).

Heizer, Robert F., ed. Some Last Century Accounts of the Indians of Southern California. Ramona, CA: P.O. Box 711, 1976, 92 pp., $4.95.

Kroeber, A.L. Yurok Myths. Berkeley, CA 94720: University of California t'ress, 1976, $18.50.

Seminar of the Cabrillo Historical Association {1975). The People Cabrillo Met. Ramona: Ballena Press, 1976, 37 pp., $2.00.

Smith, Gerald A. and Wilson G. Turner, Indian Rock Art of Southern California. Redlands: San Bernardino City MuseUlll Association, 2024 Orange Tree Lane, Redlands, CA 92373, $18.55 ($17.50 +$1.05 tax). ~as erroneously listed in the July Newsletter, in San Luis Obispo County · Archaeological Society Paper #9, "Papers on the Chuma.sh," which was properl1 listed in the May issue ••• $8.75 + 50¢ postage)l

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Calendar September 25-26 "Three-Dimensional Culture:

California :Before 1846'*, sponsored by Santa Barbara Trust for Historic Recreation, in • cooperation with Calif. Dept. of Parks and Recreation. Details available £rom Michael -Hardwick in Santa Barbara (805-963•9009), or Pamela McGuire in Sacramento (916-445-9191). See Historic Archaeolo column.inside (page 16 .under "Santa Barbara" section for more information on this conference on material culture, which will also involve discussion of research methods, computerization and possible establishment of a central data bank for California material culture. Sessions begin 10 A.M. at the Conference Room, Pepper Tree Motor Inn, Santa Barbara.

October 30-31 Friends of the Pleistocene 1 6, "A Geolo 'c Climatic Framework For Ila.ti the China Lake Archaeological Sites," at the Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, California. Further information from .lilnma Lou Davis, 1236 Concord Street, San Diego, CA 92106.

November 13 "Rock Art in California and the South­west," sponsored by the San Diego Museum of Man FO'i""information, contact Ruth Tolles, San Diego Museum of Man, 1350 El Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego, CA 92101.

JOURNAL OF NEW WORLD ARCHAIDLOGY REPLACES UCLA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY' REPORTS

The UCLA Institute of Archaeology, established in 1973, has ta.ken over the function of the UCLA Archaeological Survey An:mla.l Reports in its publi­cation, The Journal of. New World Archaeolou. • The last two Annual Reports (No. 14, 1972 1 and 13, 1971) are available from the IDBtitute at $5. per copy plus tax and handling charges. Monographf of the Institute are available at the same price:

No. 1. "Investigations of a Late Prehistoric Complex in Cuyamaea Rancho State Park, San Diego County, California (D.L.True:

No. 2. "Obsidian Dates #1: A CompendiUlll of thE Obsidian Determinations Ma.de at UCLA Obsidian Hydration Laboratory (c.w. Meighan, Frank Find.low and Suzanne DeAtley).

No. 4. Ethnoarchaeology (ed. Christopher Donnan and c. William Clewlow, Jr.)

Volume 1 of the new journal contains articles on California archaeology ("Some Thoughts on Cali­fornia Archaeology At the Moment" by Robert F. Heizer; "Typology, Trade and Tra.c.e ,A.nalysis, a. Test of Local Manufacture of Sacramento Valley Obsidian Tools," by Jackson and Schurtz; "Baked Clay Figu:r-­ines of Marin County," by Goerke and Da.vidson; "'fhe U:c:usua.l Burial of a Bear and Child from the Sacramento Delta," by Cowa.n, Clevlow, Yonge, and O'Connell."), one on an Olmec sculpture from the south Pa.Cii'ic coast'of Guatemala. (Shook and Heizer); an article on obsidian sources in the May area ( Sidrys , Andresen and Marcucci) f on the · Capacha complex (Greengo a.:nd Meighan); and an article on the archaeological potential of SYMAP (Lankford and Stickel).

All of the above ca.n be ordered from: Publications, UCLA Archaeological S'Urvey, Univer. of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024.

Infoma.tion from SMOKE SIGNALS 9/71

• HIGHLIGHTS

SAN NICOLAS ISLA..~D RECONNAISSANCE

Continuing a. longstanding research interest in the Cba.mlel Islands of California., the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History is cooperating with the U.S. Navy on a. recorma.issa.nce of an ~a on Sa.n Nicolas Island which will require the installation of several concrete pads. Dr. Charles Roza.ire, George Kritzma.n, Dick Stepp, and Nancy Walter went to the island in July and will be working with the Navy in order to make sure that pad placement will a.void or preserve arry archaeo­logical material in the immediate area of the pads. /

The cave containing petroglyphs which has been described by Roza.ire and Kritz.man in an article, "A Petroglyph Cave on San Nicolas Island," in the M.a.sterke-:y:, Vol.H34, HNo.H 4, pages· 44'7-l51--(-4960}, was also checked. It was found that one of the. sandstone slabs had weathered badly and fallen from the wall of the da.ve. Plans are being ma.de to remove the slab for preservation.

NANCY P:Ell'ERSON WALTER 7/29/76

PERMIT FOR DESEliT CYGLE RACE DENIED BY BLM

Particula.rly in view of the extent of damage caused by the ]arstow to Las Vegas motorcycle races of 1974 and earlier years, reported in California Geolofj' for June 1976 (see Newsletter, July 1976, page , it is good to find out (even belatedly) via a clipping from the Los .Angeles Times for April 13, 1976, that the :Bureau of Land

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.Management has re:f'usE;d a penni t for the race this ear:

"No, the federal :Bureau of Land Ma.na.gement said for the second consecutive year to groups wanting to run a massive Thanksgiving weekend motorcycle race over a 16o-mile course from Barstow to La.a Vegas. As many as 3,000 cycles roared over the route in 1974, the last time the race was allowed. But Delmar Vail, BLM district manager, said arr:r application for a pennit to :run such a race •attracts much public controversy.' The large number of proposed participants--1,000 to 2,400-­'leads to a definite potential for resource dama.ge, 1

Vail said. Applicants were the San Gabriel Valley Motorcycle Club, United Racing Assn. and California Racing Club."

LOS ANGELES TIMES, 4/13/76

FRESNO SLOUGH :BURIAL SALVAGE

Drs. Roger La. Jeunesse and Dudley M. Varner o!' CSU-Fresno recently supervised the emergency recovery of 46 burials exposed by a fanner 1 s leveling of land on the Fresno Sloll8h. Reportedly, in years past, hundreds of similar grave sites of various ages have been disturbed on private land in nearby areas. Those just recovered were found in single, double and multiple interments, with no significant associated artifacts, but probably dating to about 1000 B.C. Sa.ll!plea of bone have been sent to UC-Riverside for a radiocarbon date and trace element analyses of other bone samples have begun. Osteologica.l atu.diea have been com-

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eted and the skeletal rem.a.ins will be turned er to representatives of a local Native American

group for reburial.

DUDLEY M. VARNER 6/22/76 3

PROGRESS REPORT ON KER-307, CASTAC

Ker-307 is the historic Chuma.sh Indian site of Ca.atac, tisti.q, located on the northern shore of present day Castac Lake in Kern County (not to be confused with the new Los Angeles County Caataic Lake, a reservoir). The property upon which the site is located is owned and managed by the Tejon Ranch Corporation of Kern C01lllty and has never been intensively farmed or plowed. It has been grazed, however, as a cow, camel, sheep, horse and cow pasture in roll8hly that order.

The site covers approximately 1.18 acreaa and in historic times has been crossed by a pack horse trail and dirt wagon-auto road. More recently the southern one-fifth of the area was removed before the site was recognized, in the construction of a modern access highway to the

'Feather River Project tunnels that were driven throll8h the Tehachapi Mountains to the east. No active pot hunting disturbance has been detected, but-a.ny-and~EU-1 ~argiif- surfa.ce-swne-a.rtnacts­had disappeared by the time the site was located and recorded in 1972.

To date, thirteen 51 x5 1 pits have been exca­vated in 6" levels and all but one extended to 54" before reaching sterile ground. Two more pi ts are scheduled, and that will complete the present excavation plans. Curiously enoll8h, not one mortar or pestle has been.recovered in all of this digging, but a few fragments of broken ma.nos have appeared. More than 5000 shell beads, 350 glass beads, several steatite bowl fragments, lots of obsidian and 35 bits of pottery have been recovered. Quantities of shattered bone and some shells have also been collected. One unexpected finding. was the collection of over 700 fish vertebrae and f ou:r otoliths. According to Richard Huddleston of the Loa Angeles County Mnseum of Natural History, the the otoliths belong to a fish new to science, a relative of the fresh water Sacramento Perch. It is presumed to have lived in Caatac Lake when the lake was full year-round. Attempts are being made to find more otoliths in the now dry (in summer) lake bed to solve the problem of their origin.

La.bar for this dig was supplied by archaeology students from Pasadena City College, Los Angeles Harbor College, Moorpark College and California Lutheran College, plus a number of other interested volunteers.

A carbon-14 date, just dete:tmined (UCLA. #1963), is 405 :!:. 50 B.P., which with the Suess calibration comes to 1455 A.D. A series of obsidian hydration teats is planned as a check against this date.

Preliminary artifact distribution maps drawn on the 6-inch levels reveal that the town has always been socially organized in two sections, northern and southern, with an ea.at-west road or path separating the two halves. The northern or upslope section of the town was more heavily occupied than the southern section which was terminated by the edge of the water at the old lake shore.

During the summer of 1973 a mature oak tree located at the edge of the site blew down and the commercial wood autters who salvaged the tree donated a 6-inch thick: cross section for study of the growth rings. Since the Tejon Ranch has weather records for the area for the past SO years, it is hoped that a dendrochronological­weather-lake level series can be obtained for the last 250+ years of tree rings that were thus preserved. ,, ,

DAVID L. JEHNil'lGS 6/17/76 Loa Angeles City College

JUJX;.E DENIES RULING ON GO ROAD

Opponents of the Gasquet-Orlea.ns road through the Six Rivers National Forest (see Newsletter, May 1976, page 6) have been denied an injunction in U.S. District Court. An article in Wassaja for August 1976, page 17, gives info:i:mation on the decision:

"The efforts of four Indian tribes and several national envirolllllental organizations to stop a proposed six-mile paved logging road in the Six Rivers National Forest have met with another defeat.

"U.S. District Judge Lloyd Burke :ruled that the U.S. Forest Service's enviroIJ111ental impact statement •may not be a 111odel, but I think there's substantial compliance with the law. •

"The judge denied an injunction to halt the roM, _!:'{oughi_by_:the_l1~opa,_~Jm:o~---­Tolowa. tribes, and the Sierra. Club, the California Native Plant Society .and others.

"The tribes had gained the support of organi­zations throughout the nation, as well as that of all Indian tribes they had contacted.

"The American Indian Historical Society had also protested the logging operation, not only for en:vironmenta.l reasons, but because the road cuts across sacred religious grounds of the tribes.

"The issue has been the basis for a sharp controversy between anthropologists as well as tribes and environmental groups supporting the tribes. One anthropologist had supported the tribes in their efforts to stop the road; the other had defended the environmental impact state­ment which approved the road.

"Judge Burke, in announcing his decision, stated, 1I believe personally that the proposed Six Rivers paved logging road will produce only more trouble as time passes. 1

"Conceding he had serious reservations about the Forest Service's evaluation of the propective difficulties in maintaining the road in an area known for landslides, the judge remarked, 'The court is not here to substitute its personal jUdgment for that of the Forest Service, which is charged with that responsibility.'

"Opponents to the logging operation claimed the Forest Service had failed to properly assess the road's environmental impact and to consider reasona.ble alternatives. A major environmental objection is that the logging would lead to massive landslides and other 'irreversible damage.'

"Attorneys for the Sierra Club said they will appeal the decision."

WASSAJA, 8/76, page 17

UNDER. "YATER" (GULP!) ARCHAIDLOGY

Recently a small commu.ni ty in the lower foot­hills of eastern 'fulare County prematurely flooded an azea. of several acres with sewage effluent prior to the required survey for archaeological resourees. Volunteers with appropriate experience and equipment to conduct the necessary survey may contact the District 06 Clearinghouse.

DUDLEY M. VARNER 6/22/76

EUREKA IlUNJiS BLM DH::ISION EXPH::TED SOON

A decision by the Bureau of Land Management on which of the alternative management possibilities will be chosen for Eureka Dunes in northeastern Iny. County is expected to be forthcoming sometime with the next 2 weeks. The decision, which it is felt will probably be regarded as very favorable to protection of the dunes, will be released to news­papers at that time. Input has been analyzed, and a decision document is being worked on at the field office level, to be approved by BLM officials before release of the final decision to the public.

The possible choices as given in the "Eureka Dunes Special Design Area Environmental Analysis Report," issued by the Bakersfield District Office, Bureau of Land Management, Dept. of the Interior (July 10, 1976) included a Proposed Action opening the dune area to all recreation uses, including day only vehicle use, in its northern half. Al terna ti ve

-proposds ino-lud<fO:-( A-)-opemng · tnewore-alineTo-ill. recreation uses, including vehicle use; (B) vehicle use of only the south half, and other recreation use only of the north half of the dune area; {C) opening of the dune area to all recreation uses except for off-road vehicles, with designation of the dunes as an outstanding natural area; (D) regulation of off­road vehicle use throughout the dune area through a permit system, with the special design area managed as a Research Natural area; and (E) manage­ment of the special design area for the sole purpose of scientific study and research, by permit, with all other uses restricted.

Readers will want to keep an eye out for this decision when it appears in their local newspaper.

Impact on cultural resources, >1.s described in • the report, would be adverse for the Proposed Actio and Alternative A primarily in the existing parking and vehicle access area on the northwest end of the dune; the impact in Alternative B could not be fully assessed, pending further survey of the south­ern portion of the dune; Alternative C is said to be beneficial in eliminating vehicle damage to sites which would occur in the preceding alternatives, as well as restricting access by illegal collectors; D would allow impact proportional to the intensity of ORV use; and for Alternative E, there would be a beneficial impact on cultural resou:rces, except that archaeological research would apparently be restricted to professional archaeologists, who can qualify for antiquities permits, while amateurs cannot.

PRIVATE COLLroTIONS

During the spring semester, CSU-Fresno advanced archaeology students Roberta Becker and Billy Peck, under the supervision of Dw:lley M. Varner, began an inventory of private collections of archaeological materials owned by individuals in the Fresno area. Although out of depositional context, artifacts • studied may yield significant information about local prehiatocy while providing an entre for reeducating those who have been vandalizing sites, often on their own property.

4 DUDLEY M. VARNER 6/22/76

• KiJIIN..JERSEY LETTER ON MAMMOTH LAKES CONTRACT ISSUE

A letter from Clyde E. Kuhn and :Seth A. Jersey concernillg the report and contra.ct on their Mammoth Lakes Sierra study is reprinted below, as of interest ·to SCA members generally. (Information on the study, fil:Jdings, and recommendations will be found in the "Research Reports" section of the July 1976 issue of the SCA Newsletter, page 1:;).

"Dear F;r:ieruis and Colleagues, Since Ja.nuar;r of thisyear -we·na.ve~ooiimnmicatecfWitli-Dia.ii;T oTyou .­concernillg our dispute with the Federal Gove:rnment · over research we conducted in the Long Valley area. of Mono County, California for the Forest Service a.rui :Bureau of Land Ma.na.gement.

"Not only have we· expressed to you concern over the administration of our contra.ct, but we have pointed out that geothermal power development in the Mammoth Lakes Sierra would enda.Dger an area which appears to us to possess immeasurable scientific potential. Continuation of existing la.rui use policy would appear to insure a similar, if not more pro­longed, fate for these cultural resources. As

· recommended in our concluding report, there is urgent need for the Federal Government to conduct a compre­heD.Si ve interdiaciplina.r,r eval:uation of the region.

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"Recently, we tried to arrange a meeting with e contracting officer in order to discuss contract

roblems. In spite of our willingness to meet with the Govenmient, we were i'ound in contract default, effective 28 June 1976.

"We do not agree with the contracting officer 1s determination of default and accordingly are now investigating how we should respond to this action. Onr initial step has been to retain Ms. :Barbara. D. Littwin as our attorney.

"At this point we want to thank those of you who have oi'fered council and a sympathetic ear to our cause up to now. It is clear, however, that we are merely at the threshold of what pomises to be a long and winding road, the erui of which stretches out of sight and almost out of ken. We iIIVite you to inquire and investigate for yourselves the circum­stances of this case. Your questions will be prompt­ly answered and we shall continu.e to detail the situation publicly a.s events unfold. We may call for your individual or collective support in the future.

"We have made a commitment to the people, science and our col1science to resist demands which we believe would compromise our integrity. If we do not resist now, there may be no opportunity for allyone to resist in the future."

• CLYDE E. KOHN; BETH A. JERSEY 5915 Hollis St., Secorui floor lheryville, CA 94608 (415) 65s-1:;17, -1:;1s 7/s/76

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FOREST SERVICE POSITION ON MAMMOTH LAXES CON'rRACT

In response to questions raised at the SCA Alur:ual Meeting a.rui the Executive Board meeting of April 8, 1976, this committee vas instructed to communicate with Don Miller, USFS, and request a clarification of the position which the Forest Service vas taking on the matter of Kuhn's report and contract. A request was also made that the SCA be kept informed ~ to the resolution of these issues.

So that the membership may be informed more ful.ly, the Environmental Policy Committee Teleases the following statement, dated July 20, 19761

•ru.s. Forest Service Contra.ct Number 04-163 with Mr. Clyde E. Kuhn for an Intensive Archaeological Survey and Report has been termins.ted for default. The Contracting Officer representing the Gove:rt1111ent has determined that the final report submitted did not meet the requirements of the contract specifica­tions. The contractor was offered opportunities to cure the defects but failed to prosecute the work. In accordance with the terms of the contract, the GoverIDl!ent may enter into a contract with another contractor for completion of the work. The defaulted contractor is responsible for additional costs of reprocurement.

"The defaulted contractor (Kuhn) has appealed the decision of the contracting Officer to the u.s. Department of !gricul ture :Board of Contract Appeals.

LOST CITY NOT LOST

OONALD S. MILLER Regional Archaeologist U .s. Forest Service 6:;o Sa.nsome Street San Francisco, CA 94111".

ROBERTA s. GREENWOOD Chai:man, SCA Enviroillllental Policy Committee 8/7/76 ·

Smoke Sip.ls, newsletter of the Pacific Coast Archaeological Society, quotes ·a. Nevada. Archaeo­ological Survez Reporter (Vol. 9, Ho. 1) article by R. F. Perli::Lns of Lost City Mnseum, Overton, Nevada, who seeks. "'help on the su.bject o:r not burying the Lost City under the waters of Lake Mead ••• It is an archaeological tragedy that this error has become so prevalent, especially in arti­cles pertaining to Pueblo Grande de Nevada. (Lost City.) In reality less than one 1/20 of these ancient ruins were immda.ted by the waters of the lake. To clarify this fa.rther, all the ruins of the Pueblo culture in the Moapa Valley collectively arena.med 'Lost City'. The ruins erlerui some 25 miles north of the high water of Lake Mead ..and are located mainly along the Maddy River. The Lost City Museum would appreciate it if all institu­tions and gaver.maental agencies would drop this fallacy i'roa their literature.'"

Ini'oma.tion froa SMOKE SIGR.lLS 9/76

---"lfumerous construction projects in San Jose,

Hallilton noted, 1haTe the potential to be seriously delayed pending a solution of the problem.'

"Therefore, he suggested, 'revocable appoint-

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ents 1 of non-Indian members should be ma.de to erve in the interim, until nominations of Indian

candidates are received.

"Local Indian leaders called the city's burial ground ord.inance a 1 rebaxial 1 ordinance and claimed their religion was being violated..

"The ordinance provides that the planning direc­tor, along with the advisory commi.ttee and the OYDer of a site where burial remains are found, shall decide whether to cover the bones back up and leave them undisturbed. :Ba.t, it states, if the present owner of the land wants the bones removed, or if the planning director decides it's not feasible to leave them where they are, they will be excavated and reburied elsewere·, on .Ci tj'-13.Iia-;WJ.l;filnfG-daye."

SAN JOSE MERCURY NEWS, 9/5/76

SOME ISSUP5 B!ll'WEEN ill'fHR.OPOLOGIS'fS AND IHDIAB PJOOPLE

Wayne Roberson of the lla.y Area Chapter, .American Indian Movement, San Pablo, has Yri tten an article for the Rewsletter in which he addresses some of the issues which he sees between Indian People and !nthropologists/Archaeologiete. In bringing these points up for discussion, he suggests that there should be no more room for threats, or intimidation, or fear. (It is hoped that these ideas vi11 serve to stimulate dialogue between the two groups and · rease 'IJDders'ta.l:lding th.rou8h examination of

sumptions, perceptions and expectations. Please spQ?ld to the Newsletter on these or other points}:

·'l'he differences between anthropologist and archaeologist are not differentiated in the no:i:mal. Indian conversation; therefore anthro, unless context dicta.tea otherwise, herein and in subsequent articles, refers to archaeologist.

· 'l'he antagonisms extant between the an.throe and the Indian People can be pointed out to be based on lack of knavledge.....pr:lmarily not Indians being ignorant of anthroe, for it seems ve have known for eOllle time a.t lea.st what anthros have been doing with their info:ma.tion, and from that deduced. what antbros are a.bout, but that anthros have been ignorant of Indians. 'l'ha.t ve were mieta.ken, on the whole it seems, is an indictment .. of the &Z1.thros; the anthros were studying us, and thereby should have learned; ve haven't studied the anthros, and our ignorance ie thereby reasonable.

Anthros, and this is true to include this writing, are of two ambitions, i.e., DK>ney, and academic recognition. The latter is not simply to get the Ph.D., but to make some significant contribution to the •science• that vi11 assure their !llelllOJ:T !'orever.

'1'he a.ntbros,with. the beet of intentions and the highest academic goal., have gathered their material, and screwed up the interpretation of it. The interpretation bas consistentlT been made

rom the non-Indian ideal. 'l'ba.t ie, from the erican ba.ckg:cound. lilhere the facts, or obser­tions, have been gathered, then presented

without interpretation, avoiding, na.ta=.l.ly, selective presentation, a crillle voree than a felo~ has been achieved, for it has been left

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to the llllinitiated to supply vhatner interpretation fits their particular needs. Honest,- in the anthro is defined by their culture, not by ~ Indian definition. fherein lies a great portion of the probl- between the Indian and the anthro.

Within a small portion of the Indian C~ ty there a.re the gllJmeriJlgs of dii'ferentia.tion between the anthros as a collective, and the illdirlduale. .la. this practice spreads the indirldualsYill find them­selves 11.ore and aore called to accaant DJ- the Indian People; anthros a.a a. whole, vi11 discOTer that thq most take sides, either with the Indian People, or against th-. The old lines of school, politics. etc. within the anthros vi11 be dissolT8d. With the increasing entnmce of Ind!an·anthros, the situation for the anthrcB ·whose purposes are not in the best interests of the Indian People Yi1l discover th­sel ves isolated froa participation in their chosen profession.

-lllUCh le not to sil.T the Indian People are going . to rUl.e the scie?1Ce. Rot by' a. long shot, but that theJ" vi11 have an illcrea.si:Dg role in its practice, and the goal.a set for it.

The anthros vill, and it vi11 be soon, find it imperative, for it is a. basic prerequisite of coopera­tion, to interpret their goa.le and material. in tems of the Indian People. It will follow that that interpretation vi11 have to be conveyed to non­Indians in a manner that thq vi11 'tlllderstand the Indian People in te:ras of the Indian People, not a.a it is being done, in te:ms of non-Indians. 'l'he anthro must, it seems, becoae acculturated.

'l'he snthros a.re--or should be if they a.re not pot-hunters-learned in the V&J'"S of the Indian People, pe:cbaps . also in how thq got that 11a7; but it appears there is little knavledge of hov ve feel, and vh;y.

'l'he language of the non-Indian 19 insu:lficient to conve,r the -otional., or spiritll&l side of the Indian People, and therefore, like I-!'hou, ldlil.e it can eoaevhat be given direction, mast be experimiced to be capable of emmcia.tion in non-Indian te:ms of experience. 'l'ha.t emmciation is liot the responsi­bili ioT if the Indian People, ba.t of the a.n1;hro. '1'he Indian People vill, for the time being, ~ wait to see what vi11 be done with ;your opportunities, for we can do no more than make the offer.

The begi:anings have been lladeJ at lea.st in Ca.lif'ornia._ there ie little chance that a.J:Chaeologr vi11 be aeyvhere like it va.s, or is, 8B&in.

VA.YRE ROBERSOJr 7/76 1la.J'" A:rea Chapter, .Al]{

1333 Marltet #7 San Pablo, CA. 94806

Information Requested from Readers

• SCA CLEARINGHOUSE COMMITTEE REPORT

In May a new SCA committee was established to review and update the statewide .. Clearinghouse pro­gram and develop better means of facilitating Clearinghouse financing, coJDillUnication and research. Since its establishment, the SCA Clearinghouse has served an extremely useful function by storing EIR­generated data, referring contractors to registered archaeological consultants, and serving as a conduit of educational, interpretive and management data for the community. Although completely unfunded by the SCA, the District Coordinators and volunteers have _spe_D_:t _emu::i11o._us. _a.lllo_up.t_s _o_f :t-1t!te_, __ e_n~_l:'gy _ _an_d_p_era_Qna.l f'unds in attempting to coordinate the activities of private consultants in their districts and storing the data emerging from thousands of EIRs. Each of them has also been the first to recognize, however, that the volunteer-supported, storage-oriented Clearinghouses are beset by enormous problems. Major problems among these are (1) lack of operational fUnds; (2) lack of input and use by many consultants in a district; (3) severe financial bickering and unprofessional feuding among certain consultants; and (4) lack of an overall theoretical orientation and thus a means of reviewing the significance of EIRs.

To help remedy this situation, each of the Coordinators has been contacted and asked to summar­ize the progress, problems and financial program of their district, and to provide a brief description

~f the various research designs being applied to the ~R process. The general membership has also been

asked for its input, through a letter in the July Newsletter. Because of the f'unding problem, we are a1so soliciting outside grant support to develop a statewide system of research designs. Towards this end a $100 mini-grant is being offered by SCA to initiate the grant development program.

During the summer I received replies from 6 of the 12 Clearinghouse Coordinators. Several of these responses were very positive; others were very nega­tive; but all contained valuable information and suggestions. Several inquiries about the mini-grant program were also received. Before I can act on these matters, however, it is important that I re­ceive replies from all of the Coordinators as well as wider response from the general membership. Since Clearinghouse reports will be a topic of the Fall Data Sharing meetings in October, I would like to receive comments and suggestions within the next month so that I can present a summary report of the membership's views on the .future of the SCA Clearing-­houses at the October meetings. Coordinators and readers are therefore urged to consider seriously and reply to the following questions:

(1) Should the Clearinghouse continue in its present form, with the major emphasis on data storage and retrieval and contract referral?

(2) Should a new Clearinghouse direction develop, with an equal emphasis on research development and the review of EIR significance?

a) Whatever its form, how should the Clearing­~~use be f'unded? If outside f'unds are not possi­

ble, is it ethical to solicit use-fees from the participating consultants? If not, what other sources of f'unding are available?

9

(4) 1#hat are the theoretical questions which are being, or could be, utilized in your district by consultants in the preparation of EIRs? How important should research designs be in the preparation of EIRs? Are they necessary for the developer? For considerations of significance? If they are necessary, who should review them?

Please contact me if you have ideas on these or related topics. Remember, also, we are still accepting applications on the $100;00 mini-grant contract. Details concerning its purpose and form can be found in my letter in the July Newsletter (pages 17-18).

JOE WINTER 9/1/76 Department of Anthropology San Jose State University San Jose, CA 95162

MODOC NATIONAL FOREST SURVEYS

The U.S. Forest Service, Modoc National Forest, is continuing its cultural resource inventory progrrm this field season with the assistance of.six archaeo­logical graduate students and three specially-trained Forest Service personnel. The graduate students hired are Gerald Gates (Northridge), stationed on the Big Valley Ranger District in Adin; Alice Wood (San Francisco State) stationed on the Doublehead Ranger District, Tulelake; J. Timothy Moore (Chico) and Gregory Henton (Northridge) stationed on the Varner Mountain Ranger District, Cedarville; and Donna Redding (Chico) and John Hitchcock (Shasta) stationed at the Supervisor's Office, Alturas.

The responsibilities of the archaeological personnel are to survey all areas of potential ground disturbing projects to be undertaken by the Forest Service pri9r to project implementation. These pro­jects include, bu:t by no means are limited to, timber sales, land exchange parcels, timber stand improve­ment (thinning) operations, site preparation for tree planting, road construction and material source sites.

Forest Service personnel John King, Jerry Coffey and William McBain have been conducting archaeological reconnaissances in addition to their normal field duties. Sites located by these persons are re­checked and evaluated by one of the archaeological staff. These regular Forest personnel are a valuable component to the cultural resource ill9'en­tory program.

At this writing (mid-July) nearly one hundred sites have been located and recorded in areas to be affected by proposed projects. Site-types located include large obsidian quarry and primary task sites of the "make and take" variety, occupational and "rock.ring" sites, high altitude lithic and milling sites and petroglyph sites. The information re­trieved will be utilized to expand the Forest-wide

. inventory as well as provide sensitivit7 modeis f"or inclusion into our off-road vehicle plan, land use planning, and cultural/technological studies of site location and f'unction.

It is hoped that by the end of the field season in October we will have gathered enough info:cnation to begin to make generalizations regarding site types, f'unctions and locations that are fundamental to the development of local cultural chronologies and adaptive patterning within the Forest.

Any person who would like more information or would.like to contribute in the f"orm of" suggestlons, admoru.tions or complaints may contact me at the Modoc National Forest, P.O. Box 611 Alturas California 96101. ' '

MIKE :BOYNTON 7/23/76

rHE Avocationals>><< When it was decided that someone from the southern

area of California should do this column, the reason was given that more avocational action seemed to be there. I don't quite buy that, but this column is sure loold.Jlg that way. Is there a.eything that can be doll$ to entice the northern section of this fair state to send bits a.nd pieces of what they're up to? A cow of their newsletters would do, which is a.ll the southern groups do. This is an a.ppea.l to the rest of the many, 111aIJ;Y avocational groups in the state to send a.long their goodies to share with us all.

Into Legislation: Avocationals have a role to play in the legislative process for archaeology, individ­ually or as a group. A crucial Senate Bill 1514 (:Be:reybill} will ha.ve come out of the House Assembly · Committee on Resources, Land Use a.nd Energy on August 2. Hopefully, it won•t. (Ed, note; SB 1514 was killed in committee on Aug. 2) Hopefully the Committee vill kill it. It would cripple the entire National Register program in California. The Bill preS'tlllE!s lla.tional Register nomination infringes on owners' property rights, a.nd requires owner consent prior to nomillation. Californians for Preservation Action (Vol. I, No. 3, July 1976, page 1) states: 'ii'S'iiCh"a requirement impedes the full recognition of this State's cultural resources, subverts the intent of the Federal program, a.nd places Federal f'tmding in jeopardy." Call your Assemblyman's office. Find out vhere the Bill is and if he voted for it, let the office know your displeasure.

Join Californians for Preservation Action, P.O. Box 2169, Sacraaento, 95810. A fine group organ­ized to lobby for histor,r a.nd a:cehaeology-puts out an eJ:Cellent legislative Newsletter.

Into Local Goverm.ent: A splendid happening utilizing the full force of avocationalists, avocational groups a.nd archaeologists took place in Orange County this month. The Los A!:!geles Tim.es article by Dale· Fetherling on July 19 lea.de into it: "In the same slow, patient wa7 that one might sift through buried bones or artifacts, the archae­ology fraternity is increasingly making an impact in Orange County. Its members-shedding academic deta.chlllent for a nev-f ound activima-a.re urging the saving or sa.lvag:l.Dg of prehistoric sites threatened by the bulldozers.

"Also, they push for archaeological surt'eys a.nd master plans, propose tighter. :enviroID11enta.l impact report procedures, a:nd soaetimes rattle legal sabers, Most recently, they ma.7 have taken a step f o~ when the Board of Supervisors approved the hirlllg or a county a:rcba.eologist a.nd a 11USeum

curator."

For OTer a ;rear Tarl.ous entities have shoved at this develo:p111ent, Van Eggers a.nd I had a meeting with Dr. lrnox Mellon, Historic Preservation Coordinator (his trlle title) for the State a.nd :Bill Seidel, State Archaeologist, just about a ,-ear ~. a.nd !olllld read:y cooperation on their part for laying a plan to approach the County. In August la.st year we met with the Cba.ixma.n of the Ora.nge County Historic Collllllission, whose group gave us tltal support in sending a letter to the llo&:rd of Superrisore reccaaending the appointment. Letters froa :Bobby Gree:nvood, Charles Roza.ire and

10

• Keith Dixon were attached.

In November Knox a.nd :Bill came dow a.nd had a heart-to-heart vith two key Supervisors. Meanwhile a fledgling muse11111. group, Na.tuml Histor,r Foundation, vas tr.ring its vings in conjulletion with Pacific Coast Archaeological Society, the local avocational group. They drafted a proposal, sill:llar in some respects to the CODlll.ission's, a:nd / it was signed by the two mentioned a:nd the Irrlne COlllpll.Il1", Van Eggers a.nd Marie Patterson, an inspiring avocational bulldog,

The ultimate results of all the year-long efforts a.re the agreement by the Boa.rd to hire a person to do arehaeologica.l work for the Coun't;r. Qllalifications? Scope of Work? Unk:nOWIL at present. !he COlUlty Ageill.';y responsible is drawing up such requirements · a.nd has held a meeting vi th pro­fessional archaeologists. Hiring is six months down the line, but it's in the works. An intern will be hired to perf o:m the DIWJewll vork. Hosannahl

Into or Not Into the Courts: The suit contemplated originally by P..arie Patterson, Van Eggers a.nd me ~t Orange County and a developer bas been dropped. The attorney, John Bost, who was acting on half-fee, laments the loss to archaeology. He felt the case was perfect. Financial strain a.nd considerable necessary involvement were two reasons. Another was that the County meanwl:lile • was taking actions a:a;yway, Maybe another later, John,

Interestingly, the Sierra Club filed in U.S. District Cou:rt, S.F. in Febraar,y a suit quite similar. The contention that the lle~ent of Interior holds the land vi th a resource in t:ru.st and, as trllstee, cannot stand by and let the resource be destroyed, was also to be John's claim. He is already claiming same on the San Diego County Archaeological Society Los Compa.dres suit, which is now in the Appeals Court. He says the Brief is now at the printers.

Into the Pits: Ver,r exciting. Dr, Jason Smith, Cal State Univ. Northridge is excavating this SUJ111er on the University of Calif. San Diego, La Jolla campus. According to the Field School, Extension, folder on the course, "The site is known to have been exten­sively occupied for several thousand years ••• (a.nd} is also located adjacent to one in which Dr. Jeffrey :Be.da. has prod-aced racemization dates a.round 50,000 BP ••• It is hoped that cultural evidence of such an early occupation will be UDCovered, •• " Directors are Smith, llada., and Dr. Gail Kemi~, CSllN. Visiting lecturers-in particular a:t a semina.:: All8USt 7, "Early Man in the New World~-include Dr. Richard MaeNeish, Peabody Fou:nda.tion; Dr. Paul Nesbitt, State of Calif.; Dr. Antonio Gil:ma.n, CSllNJ Dr. Irvi.ng Friedman, USGS Denver; Dr, Hal Eberhart, CSULA; Dr. B.o. Reeves, Ca.lga.r,r University; Dr. L. L.V. Hills, Ca.lga.r,r; Paul Cb.ace, San Diego Mase11111 of Man; nm.a Lou Davis, The Great Ba.sin Foundation; Fra1:lk Fenenga., CSULB; and Florence Shipek, CSUN, •

The San Diego avocational group is acting as headquarters (at the Dederas' h0111.e) a.nd has supplied Dr. Smith with data concerning the area, :Beautiful location.,-the site is next to the Chancellor's swimmingp:iol on a cliff overlooking a beautiful ba7 -the dig with a. view.

• Into the File: San Di!fjO County" An:haeological Society has done up a dandy brochure on itself, resembling a travel folder, in dark gold entitled "Make the PAST a part of your PRESEHT and FU'l'URE" and containing a "Wb;y Join ••• ?" colUlllll, a member­ship application col'l:llll?l, - its Code of Ethics and Goals of the Society, and two excavation pictures. All can be stapled and mailed back to the Society.

Kern County Archaeological Society is underway with a special publication of articles on archaeo­logy of their area.

Pacific Coast Archaeological Society reports more than 2000 school children made tours of Ora-82 in Huntington Beach during the years of the e:n::avation. They aTe working with Archaeology Research, Inc. and the archaeology club PA.ST at Cal State Fullerton to update badly garbled site

--maps-and da'ta-o-£--0ra.nge-co-.- · sc.a: "Treasurer- Jane Gothold a.rraJJ8ed an archaeology display at a recent Park opening.

Into the End:--;rours truly,

MARIAN P.ABKS 7/31/76

FRESNO COUNTY ARCHAEXJLOGICAL SOCIETY

The Fresno County An:haeological Society is organized, soon to be incorporated, and has been holding :monthly meetings (first Mondays) with programs on various topics. Field surveys, training sessions and other activities are planned for the near future. Jeri A. Starkweather has

•

been elected first president; institutional affiliation and mailing address of the society is:

•

Fresno Count;r Archaeological Society c/o Fresno County Museum of Natural History 1944 E. Winery Fresno, CA 93703

Professional advisors are Dudley M. Varner, CSU-Fresno and Donald G. Wren, Fresno City College.

IlUDLEY M. VARNER 6/22/76

11

AMATEUR ARCHAEOLOGIST MAGAZINE

A new publication, Amateur Archaeologist, put out its first issue on July 4, 1976. Included are a Koster Site Update; Professionally Speaking, an iDa.ugura.l message by Dr. J.O.Brew; Computers and An:haeology (Lee Streiff, Archaeological Assn. of South Central Kansas); .articles, photos, and a list of organized amateur groups nationwide, with a description of 1975-76 activities; short comments on lithic materials, classifying collec­tions, how old is old, etc.; a frameable pencil sketch;. an interview with "A Well-Known and Respected Amateur"; A photographic essay on the first dig of a new society; and book reviews, letters, and cartoons.

Amateur Archaeolo~st is scheduled for quarterly publicationJanuary, April, July and October) by the Wichita Publishing Company,

· ---p;o-;-BorCIOtz-,-Wichi ta, KS-67208 i""1Wd-·-is-"Efi:tller available for inspection (with billing to you at $8 for the year) or $7.50 per year if paid at the time of your order.

The brochure giving the above information explains: "The AMATEUR ARCHAEOLOGIST will pro­vide the layperson with informative articles on archaeology ••• it will provide a national outlet for amateurs and amateur organizations ••• it will be a means of guiding all amateurs towards a pro­fessional attitude. The AMATEUR ARCHAEOLOGIST will be a non-technical publication containing a wealth of information on archaeology.

"The AMATEUR ARCHAEOLOGIST will present the satisfying challenge of archaeology independent!~, without a tie-in to any amateur or professional organization. The content will not be dictated or directed by any element other than our editorial staff. Pot hunting and treasure seeking will not be condoned ••• but rather, we will attempt to instill a greater respect for the past and the knowledge it holds for all of us. Our goal is to help bring more professionalisra to the world of the layman, ma.king his cqntribu.tion to archaeol­ogy an important and welcomed one. At the same time, the AMATEUR ARCHAEOLOGIST will give the pro­fessional a look at amateurs and their work. This should lead to a better understanding of the amateur world by the professional archaeologist."

a series of papers prepared by individuals involved in the research and analysis phase of the project. These sections are Doc'tllllenta:r;r Histo:cy (Cynthia St. Louis); .A.rcheological Interpretation and Conatru.ction Materials (D.L. Felton); Glass Containers (Conrad Praetzel); Cera.mies (Adrian and Ma.r,y Pra.etzellis); Kaolin Pipes and Other Artifacts

.A{Leslie Lewis). Kent McGea.ch:y prepared most of the ~ps and other graphics.

Ocotillo Wells State Vehicular Recreation Area

Ron V. May and Jan 'l'ovnsend have completed a preliminary cul tu:ral resources survey of this area for the Cultural Heritage Section. A total of twenty-seven sites was recorded, ranging from sleeping circles to General Patton's taJ:lk tracks. The Section anticipates mitigation activity at the Barrel Springs site, which is being damaged by off­road vehicle use of the area. This site may have been a K.amia trade center.

Ilodie State Historic Park

A crew consisting of n. L. Felton, Leslie Lewis and Ka.thy Davis su:i:veyed the park during the la.st two weeks in July, to imrento:cy buildi:cgs, ruins, foundations and artifact distribution, and to record other cultural resources within the park area.

Ilodie State Historic Park is currently being maintained in an arrested state of decay­that is, as a ghost town, with old houses, church, fire house, mines and mining equipment. The area is a livi:og laborato:cy of the process of living for the past 125 years. Bodie also contains several aboriginal sites and is quite close to an extensive obsidian qu.ar:cy. A detailed map of features was prepared, along with a report describ­ing significant industrial, commercial and dO!llestic

•i tes in the park and SUJ.Tounding areas. The eport is on file with the Department of Parks and

Recreation.

Border Field State Park

A four-week Phase II excavation project on the archeological site designated as CA-SDi-222 was implemented on Janua:cy 1, 1976. The 170 by 150 meter deposit, a disturbed shell midden and extensive lithic tool scatter, is located on a mesa at the southern margin of the 'l'ijuana slough. The field crew consisted of 6 a.i'cheological a.ides: Nancy Ridgway, Leslie Lewis, Greta Ellsworth, Maxine Farell, Steve Younts and Dan Foster; with Jeff Bingham as project directore

Appro:rl:ma.tely 13 cubic mete:is of soil were excavated from 29 meter-square test units. The midden at the north end of the site averaged 30 cm. in thickness. Over 1300 prehistoric artifacts were recovered during excavation and surface collection. These consisted primarily of percussion-flaked scrapers and planes, cores and flakes, ha.mmerstone/ chopper types, and xrumerous milling stones. The tools were all fashioned from local felsite, basalt, sandstone, and quartzite cobbles.

Chione undatella., c. ca.liforniensis, ~ ~t M:tilus edulis and Pecten diegensis com­prised the bulk of the shellfish remains. Seasonality studies of the growth bands on C. undatella. have indicated that this species was

~~-bably gathered from the estuary in late spring wa.na. then a.gain in the fall to winter months. -Radiocarbon dating of c. w:ida.tella and ~californi-~ has revealed apparent ages of 72 O :B.P.

13

for the base of the llidden and 3640+ 60 B.P. for the uppemost level of the shell lllidden on SDi-222.

Additional excavation on SDi-222 is tentatively scheduled. The site, which is within Ilorder Field State Park, will be directly a.f'feeted by e::::pan.Bion and imprOV'Ellllent of the Park facilities, which is slated for spring 1977.

Bale Grist Mill State Historic Park

A survey of archeological features was conducted here by the Department of Parks and Recreation in October 1975. The park is located near Calistoga. in the Na.pa Vall.ey, on the site of a water-powered grist mill. Constrcwted in 1846-47, the mill va.s var ously powered by two successive overshot water wheels, a. steam e:og.ine and a water turbine. Changes in the Bale Mill complex reflect a number of economic and technical developments occurring in the state a.a a. whole.

Jm_e -~j_or _ol!j_~~ _of .:the _ __surcey _was _the recording and mapping of features such as dams, ditches and flumes composing the s;rstems developed to deliver water to the wheels. 'l'his research wa.s pa.rt of a. series of studies on the feasibility of reconstructing and ope:rating the mill. Examination of the mill building's architecture indicates that the existing structure was built in several stages, probably related to modifications of the power supply.

Also recorded were two aboriginal sites and several historic sites, including a 19th century s-ummer house and a probable charcoal mwm.factory.

Most of the property containing the water supply network is owned by Mr. William ~' Jr., who has lived next door to Bale Mill for over 90 years. Mr. Lyman graciously pe:i:mi tted access to his property and was most helpf'DJ., sharing invaluable infol."llB.tion and photographs with the field crew. Transcripts of several hours of taped interviews with him a.re included in the report.

Field crew members included Jane Adams Janet Keswick, Leslie Lewis, Nancy Ridgeway, Rob;rt Stillinger and Stey-en Younts. Photos were ta.ken by R. Stillinger and Karl Gurke. A detailed topo­graphic map, including a.reheologica.l features, was prepared. The written report by D.L. Felton, project director, is on file with the Department of Parks a.l'ld Recreation.

Central Paci.fie Railroad Depot, Old Sacramento State Historic Park

Ex:plora.to:cy e:xcavations of the depot site and historical research were conducted by the Cul tura.l ResO'llrees Section in September, 1975. With con­struction slated to begin the following month the a.rcheological investigations were primarily a:i. attempt to assess the general character of the deposits to be obscured.

The wooden "arcade" style marlced the western terminus of the first transcontinental railJ:oad. The depot was constructed in the fall of 1867 and stood until 1880. The depot va.s replaced by a freight warehouse~ which was destro:ved by fire in 1967. "

Excavation of several trenches and broad a.venues was accomplished by initial J:elllOYal of over­burden with a. back-hoe. Architectural features and artifact concent:ra.tions, once erioountered, were further defined by co:aventional :ma.nu.al techniqaes. Non-aboriginal cultural deposits, predating the depot, were eJ1Ccnmtered at depths as great a.a t4 feet below the existing g:i:ade.

• Point MpBu State Pa.rk, a 13,400 acre portion

of the western Santa Monica Mountains, was surre;:red du:ring the last three weeks of July. The i:m'ento:cy resulted in the re-evaluation of 47 known sites and the discove:cy of 44 new ones. The sites :range in size from millillg stations 5 meters in diameter and shoving tvo or three ma.no fragments, to shell middens o£ up to 40 acres, a:od more than 2 Jlleters in depth.

Over 30 of the sites were probably villages or parts of village complexes. Thirt;y-si:r a.re , tempora:cy and/or special use areas; seven are rockshelters; thirteen are possible paleonto­log:i.cal deposits previously recorded as archeo­logical sites. There a.re 10 complexes 0£ tvo or more sites, generally one or more surface milling stations in association with midden.

Seventeen of the originally recorded sites b&ve been 75 percent or more (eight, 100%) destroyed.

. Kosto.r~edes't:raCtl:on ~ii assaca'ted-With~t:fie­highway, with the exception of five sites de-. molished during recent qua.r:cy:l.ng, road, trail a:od park:ing lot const:r.uction at the mouth of La Jolla CaD;YOn. Continuous lllOnitoring of development plans for Point Mugu. State Park bas been initiated, for the preservation of the remaining cultural resources.

6urrent Research Projects

Fort Ross State Historic Park

• Fort Ross has been and continues to be a pro­ductive archeolog:i.cal site. Under the auspices of the State Department of Parks a:od Recreation, several summer excavation sessions b&ve been con­duoted b;y Sonoma State College. They were led by Donald Wood in 1969 a.nd b;y William Pritchard in 1970-71. Karl Gurke directed the Department of Parks and Recreation dig in 1974. Rob Edwards' archeological field school from Cabrillo College excavated at the fort in the SU1lllllers of 1975 and 1976, and will c.antinue in 1977. ill .excavations sba.re the common goal of providing information £or use in the reconstra.ction a:od interpretation of Fort Ross in its Russian period.

'I'he Department's current excavations at Fort Ross are being directed b;y Bryn Thomas. For the next tvo months, he and his crew of 12 will be attempting to locate the foundations of the Kuskov House, the Officials' Quarters and the Russian l>eriod found.:cy a:od kitchen. Thoma.a has recexitly completed a document compiling all research done on the Fort Ross site. It details the internal development of the fort and indicates the direction for future research on this site.

'l'shapek

Excavations at this historic Yurok site at Stone Lagoon in Mendocino County began in the latter pa.rt of July and continued into August. A 10-peraon crew under the asupices of the Depart­ment of Parks a:od Recreation was supervised b;y

ve Fredrickson of Sonoma. State and Jim Benson and Milton Ma.rks of H.I.C.P.A. Their goal was to stabilize the site and to recover a.rchitectu:i:al data and cultu:i:al material threatened by bluff erosion and vandalism. limleX'OUS net sinkers, Gunther barbed points and the rema.ins of a

15 house b&ve been recovered.

Aubu.rn--Folsoa South Recreation Areas

Since Kay of this year Christi:na Carter and Karen Cooley-B.81Jlold.s have been coordim.ting and checking info:naation on sites in these areas. ho units are included: Folsom Lake State Recreation area, comprising Folsom Da.m, reser­voir, Lake lia.tOllla and approximately 17,000 acres; the proposed Auburn Lake Recreational Areas, including Auburn Dam, reservoir and rougb:q 44 1000 acres. A current reS\ll."V'ey of the Auburn area is presently in progress under the leader­ship of D.L. !!'.rue, Universit;r of California at Davis, under cont:t'act with the u.s. Bureau of Reclallation. The coordi.nation of ti.me schedules betveen True ani the !uburn Planning i'eaa ha.Te been set up to complement 0J2e another.

The goal of the coordi.nation project is a ca11plete, documented i:m'ento:cy of the cultural ~sou:roeli _µi, ~Qlll, Jmi:ts. .J.11.ong_ tb,e_p:rehistoric resources in the areas are village, ~. bed­rock mortar and midden sites, steatite out­croppings, rockshelters and caves. Historic remains include cabin foundations; partial rock walls; tm.sh dlllllpsJ old bridges and abutaents; cemeteries; and a:Lning debris and equipment such as test pits, tailings, canals, fit'lllles, daaa, .fl:agments of water sheels, ar:rastra.s, diTersion dams, and other remains of placer, b;ydrau].ic and hard-rock mining. A report on these resO\l:rees will be submitted to the Ilepa.rtment of Parks and recreation's Auburn/Folsom Planning i'esa, so that the looation of significant cul turaJ. material can be incorporated early into designs for the area's recreational. facilities. 'i'his coordination will llBke possible the protection, preservation and interpretation of valuable archeological resources.

Old Sacramento State Historic Park

A:t'eheolog:i.cal e:xcav.a:iions will be undertaken by the Department in the "1849 scene" of Old Sacra­mento, from AllgQ.St to December 1976. 'l'his area of Old Sacraaento lies betveen I and J streets along Front Street. The present grade of this half block is a feet below surrounding surface, since Sacraaento streets were elevated in the 1S60•s in response to a serious flooding proble.. Exoavai­tions by Richa::r:d ll. lfaatings for the Department in 1974 have revealed Testiges of a.t least tvo con­struction phases in this area; a.mheological features representillg several wooden structures geneml.ly dating from 1848-1852; and the succeed­ing brick buildings, which were eventually raised to the nev grade.

Field woD:: in 1976 will i:m'estigate more ex­tensively structures including the City Hotel, Hotel de Fram:e, the French Restaurant, Wa.:cren•s liev England Feed Store and the w.s. Cothrin and Co. Building. l3road areas of selected portions of these stra.ctures will be exposed in order to e.D.llline building placement construction detail, artifact assemblages and access display potential. Completion of the project during 1977 will include artifact analysis, experiaents in conservation and stabilll:ation·ot wood and other artifactual materials, and preparation of a report on vork completed to date.

Crev members include D.L. Felton, project lead.er; Leslie Lewis a.Dd D. Kent lfcGeachy• Arc.heological Specialists; and 1'er.r;y 'Brown, Susan Felton, Mil:e Sampson, La.rr:r Yazzie and Steve Younts, A:t'eheolog:i.cal A.ides.

F.A. RIDDELL 8/23/76

Saturday's sessions will consider Mission archive sources, research methods, and suggestions for ways and means of computerizing information about California's past. The Sunday morning session will be devoted primarily to consideration

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of California's early architectural styles and to problems involved in documenting and interpreting some of California's pre-1846 cultural remains. The concluding session will consist of a panel discussion by representatives of major repositories of materials in California.

Major goals of the 1976 conference are to establish the groundwork for unified communication among professionals and specialists whose interests include the decorative arts, architecture and material culture of California's Hispanic period, to consider the desirability of establishing aa central system for assembling information regarding three-dimensional culture in California, and to investigate the possibili!Y of establishing a central da.ta liaiilC.forca:lifornialiia.teria.T culture:- -

The Conference is planned as the first of a series. Future conferences may include such topics as early music, Indian culture, historical archaeology, and historic preservation. The confer­ence committee will welcome suggestions of other appropriate aspects of California culture which might lend themselves to this type of conference and to possible inclusion in a data bank system.

JULIA G. COSTELLO, 8/76

San Buenaventura Mission Plaza Project

What is expected to be the final excavation under present contracts took place in May 1976. West of the Mission structures already revealed,

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he area on Ma.in Street was the home of Ventura's hinese community around the turn of the century.

A unique feature was a square well, completely sheathed in redwood and 14 feet deep, which pro-duced a notable assemblage of Chinese ceramics, coins, Go counters and other artifacts. These materials will be included in the second and final volume of reports on the Mission project, now being compiled and edited by R.S. Greenwood.

The report will include papers on the follow­ing aspects: aboriginal artifacts, early component earth oven (Wessel), lithic debitage (Doll), steatite (Wlodarski and Larson), beads (Gibson), Majolica and Mission ceramics (May), Mission foundations (Gates), Mission building materials (Browne), phogrammetry (Tinney), historic adobe borrow pit and well (Bente), buttons (Kirk), otoliths (Roeder), and other special analyses. Focused on the Chinese culture will be reports on the well (Bente), coins (Kleeb), and Oriental ceramics (Chace). Publica­tion is expected in early fall. Inquiries should be addressed to the Redevelopment Agency, P.O. Box 99, Ventura, CA 93001.

ROBERTA S. GREENWOOD 8/76

San Diego Presidio

During the spring semester, 1976, the archaeo­logy field methods classes of San Diego State carried on work in the cemetery and porch areas of

•he.chapel complex and, during the summer, a crew f from 12 to 18 volunteers have so far advanced

the work that it now appears reasonably probable that the excavation of the chapel complex will be completed by about mid-September. Foundation for a

17

wall extending from the southwest corner of the nave toward the south wall of the Presidio has been located, confirming the hypothesis that such a wall completing the enclosure of the cemetery had exist­ed. One hundred twenty-two burials in a sufficient­ly complete state to warrant designation as the remains of an individual and thus to receive a number, have been located thus far. A puzzling surprise was the discovery of a mass burial, found in the course of testing for devth of fill inside the west wall of the nave. The-remains of at least 3 individuals (parts of at least 3 different skulls could be identified in the layer of bones) had been deposited on the original ground surface and then covered by the fill raising the west end of the nave to approximate level with the east end.

On August 17, two events of importance to San Diego County archaeology, historic as well as pre­historic, occurred. The Park and Recreation Depart­ment of the City of San Diego gave final approval to tne proposal-Wflereby San Diego Mesa College, under~ the direction of Diane Barbella, will start a new excavation in the San Diego Presidio. The project will be focused on the area where preliminary re­search has supported the hypothesis that the en­trance to the Presidio and the prison cell in which the mountain men, James Ohio Pattie and his father were confined in 1828 are to be located. The ' identification of the entrance is the key to the identification of other structures within the Presidio. On that same day the San Diego County Board of Supervisors gave approval in principle to the acquisition of as much of the archaeological site around the spring which gave Spring Valley, California, its name as shall be judged worthwhile and feasible for a county park. The purpose of the park, however, is not to be simply the preservation of the remainder of a site which was occupied from prehistoric into historic times, but to create a multi-use facility in which community green space, historic preservation and exhibition, and archaeological research and interpretation, both prehistoric and historic, are to be combined. Final recommendations for acquisition are scheduled for August 31, 1976.

PAUL H. EZELL, 8/1976

~ Cold Springs Pony Express Station

During the summer of 1976, the University of Nevada, Reno, conducted excavations at the Cold Springs Pony Express Station, Churchill County, Nevada, under the general direction of Donald L. Hardesty. The research was sponsored by the Bureau of Land Management as part of their Bicentennial Celebration. Archival data indicate that the building was constructed in March, 1860, by Bolivar Roberts, the Carson City superintendent for the pony express. It was visited by Sir Richard Burton on October 15, 1860, and is described by him as "a wretched place half built and wholly unroofed." However, data recovered from the excavation suggests that the station was built in several stages and that Burton's descrip­tion is appropriate only for the first. The original building had dry-set stone walls, two rooms connected by a wide doorway, several large open windows, and no roof. No information is yet available on the spatial distribution of human activities in the station at this time. A second building stage took·:place sometime after the Paiute uprising of the late spring and early summer of 1860, during which time Cold Springs was attacked several times. Burton's description indicates that it was not completed until after October 15, 1860.

A "fortified" room with gunports rather than windows was a.dded to the south end of the building and used as a residence. The new room had stone walls plas­tered on the interior with mud, a prepared clay floor, a fireplace, and a roof. It was built on a. slope tha.t bad been leveled before construction vith an earth fill taken from a garbage disposal area. One of the two original rooms, still unroofeq vas used for blacksmithing, for ha;y storage, and as a general use area, as well as for garbage disposal. The other room was used as a stable/livery area. Dung from the stable was thrown directly outside the station walls, as was much of the garbage from human activities. The wall separating the original two rooms was added to twice during this time, consider­ably narrowing the doorway and suggesting a change in function for the rooms.

The pony express was discontinued in the fall of 1861 and the Cold Springs station abandoned shortly thereafter because of a shift in the over-

-land stage route to tlie vaITeyl'l:oor~---somet±me­later in the nineteenth century, a crude atone corral was added to the north end of the building and the "fortified" room bu=ed. Artifact, refuse, and soil chemical analyses will be completed by late fall and should give considerably more infor­mation about the human activities that have taken place at Cold Springs.

Sand Sprirg

The University of Nevada, Reno, also conducted excavations at Sand Springs, Churchill County, Neva.da, during the summer of 1976, again under the sponsorship of the Bureau of Land Management and the general direction of Donald L. Hardesty. Sand Springs is a six-room building with dry-set stone walls almost entirely covered with a sand dune. Excavation of the dune uncovered a single living floor (more appropriately a living "zone") about 6 feet below the highest point of the dune. Sporadic later occupations were indicated by wagon parts widely distributed 6 inches to a foot above the living floor. Most of 3 rooms were completed. Debris from all three was quite similar, including cut bone and other organic refuse, bottle fragments, stoneware containers, utensils, etc. However, in one large L-shaped room the thin living surface common to the rest of the building was replaced with a thick reddish-brown organic stratum sugges­tive of horse or cow dung and some artifacts typical of a livery were recovered.

The only other distinctive room contained a stone-lined well about 10 feet deep or more and a few artifacts that one would expect from a telegraph station, including a fragment of a vulcanite insula­tor. (Wade-insert type) and fragments of copper wires possibly from the resister on an early telegraph repeater. ~

Although considerably more work remains to be done, the building at Sand Springs appears to have been a freight or stage station occupied during the late 1850s and 1860s and later used as a telegraph station. The building is situated on the central overland rout~ surveyed by Captain James Simpson in 1859. George Chorpenning constructed several stage stations along this route in late 1859 and early 1860; it is likely that Sand Springs is one of these buildings. The pony express followed this route after Chorpenning lost his mail contract. Since archival data indicate that there was a Sand Springs Pony Express Station, it is likely that

_thi.a .... i$_iJ:ie SJ3Jll~¥ldi~. The pony express was discontinued largely because- oftl:l.e comple"'&Ionof the telegraph. Some of the pony express stations were later used as telegraph stations and this is probably the case at Sand Springs, The remnants of an old telegraph line directly in line with the building, although stopping one mile away, support such an interpretation.

Mormon Station

Historical and archaeological research at Mormon Station State Historical Monument, Genoa, Nevada, was conducted jointly by Donald L. Hardesty (University of Nevada, Reno), Don D. Fowler (Desert Research Institute), and John Townley (Nevada Historical Society) during the summer of 1976. The project was sponsored by the Nevada State Parks System. Mormon Station is the aite of the earliest settlement in Nevada and formed the rrncleus of th. 19th century town of Genoa, an important transport tion and communications crossroads linking California with the rest of the country. Within the boundaries of the existing state park, Reese's Hotel, McLean's (later Gray's) Blacksmith Shop, Tringham's (later Gelatt's) Livery Stable, Big Tree Hay Yard, a small Chinese community, and an unidentified residence were identified from archival sources. Test excava­tions were conducted in the localities suspected to have been the blacksmith shop and livery stable. The recovered data support that interpretation. Datable artifacts indicate a time range from the early 1860s to just before World War I, consistent with archival data indicating that the two buildings burned, along with much of the rest of the town, in 1910.

DONALD L. HARDESTY, 8/76

-- --- --r-.__ - ------.----- 1-'At! .~.

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• CiURRENT RESEARCH

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~

7/76 6/76 6/76 6/76

7/76

PROJ.OCT LOCATION

$egerstrom property, Santa Ana Orange County

Tract No. 21601, Pacific Palisades-Los Angeles Co.

Headlands Properties, " ,, II II

Palisades Highlands, EIR Survey

Proposed development, Thousand Oaks

"

" II

II " " fl " fl

If ff II

R.s.

" ff

" "

DIR.ocTOR DATA AV.HLA.BLE

Greenwood District 07 Clearinghouse

" n " " " fl " " n " II II II II

fl II " " .. " II

" n II " •• II " 6/76 Field test, Canon Perdido Santa Barbara Co. II n " 12 H .. 6/76 El Paseo, EIR Survey and test " " " " II .. " II ti 11 " ti

1/1/76 to ~.:..1-"-"-_::.;;.._j7_,_/_,1""5"'"/""'76.-.: The following locations in Modoc County, by Mike :Boynton Modoc National Forest

Briles Controlled Burn Project (survey} Citizen's Utilities Special Use Permit Survey Mears Reforestation Survey -~haded Ruel-Break-Survey.

Block Mountain Commercial Thinning Survey Heartrock Timber Sale Survey Cold Creek TSI Survey

The Society for California Archaeology, Inc. is a non-profit scientific and educational organization dedicated to promoting the interests of California archaeology. All statements in the Newsletter, published six times a year, do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the SCA unless said statements are signed by the Society's President and Executive Committee. All other statements are the opinions of the F.ditorial Staff or of the person(s) and/or organizations whose name appears below each statement.

SCA OFFICERS

President: John Fritz, State Univ. of New York, Binghamton, NY

Vice President, Northern California: Peter M. Jensen, California State Univ., Chico, CA 95926

Vice President, Southern California: Michael Glassow, UC-Santa Barbara, CA 93106

President-Elect: Joseph c. Winter, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192

Treasurer: Jane Gothold, 10121 Pounds Avenue, Whittier, CA 90603

Secretar;y: Nancy P. Walter, 17048 Sunburst, Northridge, CA 91324

EDITORIAL STAFF

~: Marcia Wire, Dept. of Anthropology . Sa.n Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192

BE-IONAL EDITORS:

Die o: Ron May, 4319 Fifty-Third St., San Diego, CA 92115

Los A?lgeles: Nancy P. Walter, 17048 Sunburst, Northridge, CA 91324

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Stony TSI Survey Fox Mountain Plantation Survey Fairchild Swamp Survey

-sharteu- filte~reparation Survey Fender Flat Site Preparation Survey Cupboard Timber Sale Survey

~: Larry L. Bowles, City of Riverside Municipal Museum, 3720 Orange St., Riverside, CA

San Joaquin Valley: Robert A. Schiffman, Dept. of Anthropology, Bakersfield College, 1801 Panora.ma Drive, Bakersfield, CA 93305

Sacramento Valley: Valerie Levulett, Dept. of Anthropology, University of California, Ila.vis, CA

Central Calif. Coast: King; 1089 Broadway,

Northern Calif. Coast: National Forest,. 710

ASSOCIATE EDI'rORS:

Bob Gibson, c/o Chester San Jose, CA 95215 Jerry Wylie, Six Rivers

E St., Eureka, CA 95501

Avocational Affairs: Marian Parks, '233 Morning Canyon, Corona Del Mar, CA 92625

Geology: David Weide, Dept. of Geology, Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas, NEV 89109

Historic Archaeology: Paul Schumacher, 200 Pinehill Road, Hillsborough, CA 94010

Legal and Political Affairs: Currently vacant. Research: Chester King, 1089 Broadway Avenue,

San Jose, CA 95125 BUSINESS OFFICE

Business Office Ma.nafi!r: c/o Department of Anthropology, CSU, North.ridge, CA 91324

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