SOCI/ANTH 441 Material Culture Week 3: Social Theory
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Transcript of SOCI/ANTH 441 Material Culture Week 3: Social Theory
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Week 3 — Social TheorySOCI/ANTH 441 Material CultureAlexandre EnkerliSeptember 17, 2008
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Today
•Project talk▫Logistics▫Work with Objects
•Themes in material culture•Theory Tasters
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Project Logistics
•Part I due October 1•Can do “prewrite” by September 24•Find thing•Start work on
• Description• Literature
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What is it?
•What is it called?•What is it made of?•How are intrinsic elements integrated?•What is it related to?•What is its history?•What is its future?
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What does it do?
•What are its effects on the world?▫Material, physical, biological effects▫Psychological, emotional effects▫Social effects
•How does it function?▫Relationship between parts▫Intended uses▫Unintended uses
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What does it mean?
•To subject•In group•In cultural context
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Diachrony
•History•Story•Genealogy•Biography•Transformation•Shaping•Dynamic
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Ethnography
•Cultural diversity•Tradition•Purity•Trash•Representation
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Daily Life
•Public/private dichotomy•Domesticity•Use of objects•Ritualization•Sacred/profane
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Marxian
•Means of Production•Consumption•Globalization•Commodification•Materialism•Environmentalism•Gift economy
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Status and Inequality
•Gender•Age•Class•Ethnicity
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Rights
•Property rights•Intellectual property•Cultural heritage•Appropriation
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Sociology of Technology
•Technology adoption•Shaping•Science•Engineering•Industrialization•Postmodernism
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Subjectivity
•Embodiment•Agency•Aesthetics•Personalization/customization•Value•Fetishism
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Themes from Texts?
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Theories
•Not stuck on detail•Named or not•Material culture classics•Adapt frameworks•All related
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ANT and SI
•Constructivism (non-essentialism)•Post-modernism and post-structuralism•Architecture•Human+Non-human•Agency
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Non-Human Agency
•Projection of anthropomorphism (2-sided)•Machines' rights (Hofstadter)•Anthropocentrism
• Human specificity•Anima
• Animals• Animism
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Latour Style
•Humour, playfulness•Philosophical•Tour de force•Neither prevent nor advise in project
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Latour Terms
•Scene (people and things)•Delegation (give over)•Prescription (order for action: goal and
modification)•Subscription (conform)•De-inscription (deviate)•Obligatory Passage Point (what has to
occur)•Pre-inscription (everything upstream)
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ANT Links
•http://www.istheory.yorku.ca/actornetworktheory.htm
•http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/ant_dff.html
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor-network_theory
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Tech World
•Forced adoption•Luddites•Losing jobs to robots•Marrying robots in 50 years?•Technological singularity
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Science Culture
•Geek culture•AI
• Hello world• Turing
•Biological machines•Nanotech•Science-Fiction
• Genuine People Personalities (HHGttG)
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SI and Architecture
•Things are social•Design matters•Self and Objects•Things and Places•Interactions•Numerous examples (Panopticon, Wailing
Wall, Mall of America, Stonehenge…)•Address theory
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Lip-Service
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Smith and Bugni Themes
•Visual component (toward sensory)•Proxemics•Intrinsic meaning and possibilities•Physical structure and social structure•Reflect, control, change•Attachment, sacredness•Public/private
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SI
•Self as social construction•Self is both subject and object•Learn self by interaction with material
objects•Making sense of the world and creating it
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SI and Material Culture
•Communicating self•Embodiment•Extend personality•Reminder of sense of self•Stability•Familiarity•Emotion
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Contact with Object
•Tactile•Communication•Bodies and things•Reveals inside
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Self and Physical World
•Social relation•Mother as object•Later division humans/non-humans•Objects maintain social attributes
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Goffman
•Presentation of self•Face-to-face interactions•Negotiations and drama•Categories of Objects (status,
exotic/indigenous, collective, stigma)•Official/alien uses (intended/unintended)•Social facilitators (conversation piece,
fidget…)
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Material Context (Room)
•Co-location•Highlighting/understating•Clustering/dispersing•Status inconsistency (eclectism)•Conformism (cultural norms)•Comment elicitation (conversation piece)
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Technological Politics
•Do things have politics? (Langdon Winner)▫Bridge against busses▫Racism of bridge
•Social determinism (“Guns don’t kill people”)
•Technological determinism (“Guns make people kill people”)
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Politics and Objects
•Embodiment (engineer social relationships)
•Inherent politics (required relationships)•Imbued (after the fact)
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Next Week
•Domesticity and Gender•Private life and social inequality•Places and objects