SOCI/ANTH 441 Week 8: Social Technology
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Transcript of SOCI/ANTH 441 Week 8: Social Technology
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Week 8 – Social Technology: SCOT and SSTSOCI/ANTH 441 – Material CultureOctober 22, 2008Alexandre Enkerli
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Intro
• Huge field• Programmatic• Preferred not to emphasize technology• Some concepts are applicable to non-tech• Interdisciplinarity
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Material Metaphors
•Jay David Bolter Turing’s Man•Defining technologies
▫“A defining technology defines or redefines man's role in relation to nature.” (1984: 13)
▫Pottery, clock, computer▫Peter Kemp, Unersetzliche
(Irreplaceable/Unsubstitutable). The Ethics of Technology
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Defining Technology
•Technology is a broad concept that deals with a species' usage and knowledge of tools and crafts, and how it affects a species' ability to control and adapt to its environment
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About Wikipedia
•Geek-friendly topics•More sophomoric writing
▫http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_and_society
▫Still thought-provoking•Encouraging critical thinking
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Wikipedia Links
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_Technology_Studies
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_and_society
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_scientific_knowledge
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCOT• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Social_shaping_of_technology• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
The_Structure_of_Scientific_Revolutions• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
As_We_May_Think
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Technology as Material Culture
•Humans coping with/changing environment
•Tools▫Invented▫Manufactured objects▫Implied knowledge
•SST central to material culture
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Geek Culture
•Observing•Broad strokes•Sounds stereotypical•“Gone Native”
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Material Culture of Science
•AI• Hello world• Turing
•Biological machines•Nanotech•Science-Fiction
• Genuine People Personalities (HHGttG)
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Engineers
•Troubleshooting•Intellectualism•Elitism•Teamwork•Stereotype of social awkwardness•German engineers and Belgian artists
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Epistemology
•Think about how people think•Kuhn and Foucault
▫Paradigm and episteme•“Ways of Knowing” (William G. Perry)
▫Dualism to relativism to constructionism
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XKCD
• “Impostor” http://xkcd.com/451/• “Purity” http://xkcd.com/435/• “Turn On” http://xkcd.com/474/
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Tech World
•Losing jobs to robots•Marrying robots in 50 years?•Technological singularity
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Neo-Evolutionism
• Teleological• Deterministic• Technocrats• Positivism• Reductionism• Capitalism
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Technological Adoption
•Acceptance•“Closure” in SCOT parlance•“Format Wars”
▫Betamax▫HD-DVD
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Adoption Patterns
•Early adopters•Luddites•Amish-style adoption
▫http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amish#Modern_technology
▫http://www.theonion.com/content/radio_news/amish_give_up
•Embedding in social life
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Civilization (Game)
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SCOT
•Constructivism and relativism•Burden of proof•Methodology•Explaining success, addressing failure•Anti-positivism•Anti-determinism
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Williams and EdgePinch and BijkerKlein and Kleinman
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TLAs and FLAs
• Sociology of Scientific Knowledge (SSK)• Science and Technology Studies (STS)• Structure of Scientific Revolutions (SSR)• Actor-Network Theory (ANT)• Social Construction of Technology (SCOT)• Social Shaping of Technology (SST)• Empirical Programme of Relativism (EPOR)
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Authors
•Kuhn•Weber•Bijker•Latour•Callon•Law
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Implied Authors
•Foucault• Piaget• Bachelard• Bloor• Vannevar Bush
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Vannevar Bush• Enthusiasm• Current relevance•Digital/analog•Mind/machine (mathematician)• Predictions
• Futurism• Moore's Law
• Some not (yet) successful• Resistance to innovation▫ Social causes