Social Stratification
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Transcript of Social Stratification
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SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Alamchandani
Fernandez
Flor
Murphy
Pascual
Insocio | dgeo2 | 18 june 2015
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Society's categorization of people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their
occupation and income, wealth and social
status, and derived power.
Social stratification is a particular form of social inequality. All societies arrange their members
in terms of superiority, inferiority and equality..
SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
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SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
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TWO APPROACHES TO THE
STUDY OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Conflict Approach According to Karl Marx, in all
stratified societies there are
two major social groups: a
ruling class and a subject class.
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TWO APPROACHES TO THE
STUDY OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Functionalist Approach Talcott Parsons believes that order, stability and
cooperation in society are based on value consensus
that is a general agreement by members of society
concerning what is good and worthwhile.
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ORIGIN OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Hunting and Gathering Societies Horticultural, Pastoral, and Agricultural Societies Division of Labor and Job Specialization Industrialized Societies The Improvement of Working Conditions Postindustrial Societies The Improvement of Working Conditions Postindustrial Societies
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CHARACTERISTICS OF
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Ubiquity Social Patterning Antiquity Diversity Consequences
Life chances Life style
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Social
Mobility
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Social Mobility The movement of
individuals, families, households, or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society. It is a change in social status relative to others' social location within a given society.
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Mobility may be
considered in
different senses,
such as:
A change in occupation that involves a consequent
change in status.
A promotion within the same occupational group. The accumulation of seniority within a given
occupation.
A change in occupation from one generation to another, as from father to son.
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TYPES OF MOBILITY
1. Horizontal Mobility:
A person changes his or her occupation but the overall
social standing remains the same.
Example:
A programmer transferred his occupation to a teacher,
he horizontally moved from one Occupation, but no
change in social stratification
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TYPES OF MOBILITY
2. Vertical Mobility:
It refers to any change in the occupational, economic
or political status of an individual or a group which
leads to change of their position.
Example:
A sales person was able to impress his boss; his
position becomes higher than his competitor.
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TYPES OF MOBILITY
3. Upward Mobility:
It refers to a mobility when a person or a group of persons
move from lower position to
upper position.
Example:
When a regular citizen runs for
mayor or another position in
the government, he changes his
position to a higher level.
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TYPES OF MOBILITY
4. Downward Mobility:
It indicates that one person loses his higher position
and occupies a lower position.
Example:
From being
the President of the
Philippines, Mrs.
Arroyo is now a
Congress-woman.
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TYPES OF MOBILITY
5. Intra-Generational Mobility:
a. Change in the position of one individual in his life span
b. Change in the position of one brother but no change in
the position of another brother.
Example:
Mark started his work by selling pencils. After that, he
transferred to a cafeteria. Now, he owns a 5 star
restaurant. His social career became higher than what he
started with.
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TYPES OF MOBILITY
6. Occupational Mobility:
It refers to the change of occupation from one to
another.
Example:
Felicia was practicing her field, architecture. After she got
married, she became a businesswoman.
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FORMS and
functions OF
SOCIAL
STRATIFICATIO
N
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Slavery System It is an extreme form of inequality in which some
individuals are owned by others as their property. The
slave owner has full control including using violence
over the slave.
According to H.J Nieboer, the basis of slavery is always
economic because with it emerged a kind of
aristocracy which lived upon slave labor.
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION The Slave
In extreme cases, he is wholly without rights. He is in lower condition as compared with freemen. The slaves have no political rights.
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION The Slave
He does not choose his government.
He does not attend the public councils.
Socially, he is despised. He is compelled to work.
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Slavery-based Societies
Societies of the ancient world based upon slavery (Greek and Roman)
Southern states of USA in the 18th and 19th centuries.
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Estate System
Synonymous with Feudalism, a soial system that existed in Europe during the Middle
Ages in which people worked
and fought for nobles who
gave them protection and the
use of land in return (Merriam-Webster definition)
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Estate System
Legally defined The feudal estates were political groups. Theres a broad division of labor with definite
functions.
The nobility were ordained to defend all The clergy to pray for all The commons to provide food for all
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Caste System
The term caste is derived from the Spanish word caste meaning breed or lineage.
India, Nepal, Sri Lanka By his birth and not by selection nor by
accomplishments.
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Caste System
Each caste has its own customs, traditions practices and rituals. It has its own informal rules, regulations
and procedures.
The caste panchayats or the caste councils regulate the conduct of members.
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Caste System
Hindu society was divided into four main varnas - Brahmins,
Kashtriyas, Vaishyas and
Shudras
Brahmin: Consist of those engaged in scriptural education
and teaching, essential for the
continuation of knowledge.
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Caste System
Kshatriya: Take on all forms of public service, including administration, maintenance of law and
order, and defense.
Vaishya: Engage in commercial activity as businessmen.
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Caste System
Shudra: Work as semi-skilled and unskilled laborers. Mahatma Gandhi, the father of modern India,
made the lower castes and untouchables a fifth,
lowly class with the name Harijan, or "children of
God.
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION The Untouchables (16.2%)
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Caste System and Its Features
As a matter of rule and practice, no individual would accept kachcha food prepared by an inferior
casteman.
The caste system put restriction on the range of social relations also. Intercaste marriages are still
looked down upon in the traditional Indian society.
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Caste System and Its Features
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Class System
Based o Weers 3-component theory of stratification and the concept of life chances.
A persos position depends upon achievement and his ability to use to advantage the inborn
characteristics and wealth that he may possess.
It is dominant in modern society.
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Class System
According to Weber, three independent factors affect
the hierarchy:
Class economic position
Status prestige, social honor and popularity Power perso's aility to get their way despite
the resistae of others
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Class System
Class is a ope syste. Uder this syste vertical mobility is absolutely free.
The four main classes consists of - upper class, white collar workers, petty bourgeoisie and the
manual working class
They are economic, political and occupational classes. (Sorokin)
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Manual working class do
aual laor with little or no prestige. They are
the so called blue-collar
workers.
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Petty bourgeoisie is often
made up of people with
lower incomes, such as
managers, call-center
agents, teachers, and
secretaries.
More commonly known as lower middle class
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION White collar workers is
highly educated business
and professional people
with high incomes, such as
doctors, lawyers,
stockbrokers, and CEOs.
More commonly known as upper middle class
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FORMS and functions
OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Class System
The upper class comprise 1 to 3 percent only of the population.
Lower upper class includes those
with ew oey,
Upper middle class includes those
aristorati ad highsoiety failies with old oey
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Conflict
Theories
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Conflict
Theories Marxist-based social theory According to conflict theory, social stratification
benefits the rich and powerful at the expense of the
poor.
Capitalism particularly benefits the rich by assuming that the trikle-dow ehais is the est way to spread the benefits of wealth across society.
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Two Major Social
Groups Ruling Class (rich) Subject Class (poor)
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Sources http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_five_basic_characteristic
s_of_social_stratification
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/sociology/social-stratification-meaning-types-and-characteristics-sociology-2446-words/6199/
Panopio, I., & Raymundo, A. (2004). Social Change and Social Policy. In Sociology: Focus on the Philippines (Pp. 427-434). Quezon City:
KEN Inc.
http://www.sociologyguide.com/social-stratification/Conflict-Theories.php
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Sources https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-
sociology-textbook/global-stratification-and-inequality-
8/sociological-theories-and-global-inequality-72/the-conflict-
perspective-class-conflict-and-scarce-resources-422-510/
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/sociology/social-stratification-meaning-types-and-characteristics-sociology-2446-words/6199/
http://www.sparknotes.com/sociology/social-stratification-and-inequality/section1.rhtmlociologyguide.com/social-
stratification/Introduction.php
http://www.sociology.org.uk/siweber.pdf
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Sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stratification http://www.sociologydiscussion.com/social-stratification/social-
stratification-meaning-origin-development-and-other-details/2260
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/sociology/social-mobility-the-meaning-types-and-factors-responsible-for-social-mobility/8539/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_mobility http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/indias-caste-system.html http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/sociology/social-and-global-
stratification/types-of-social-classes-of-people