SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

What is the nature of Social Stratification?

social stratification tends to be transmitted from one generation to another.

Social Stratification

– It is the hierarchical arrangement and establishment of social categories that may involve into social groups together with statuses and their corresponding roles.

– Social Stratification may be viewed accdng to:

1. social structures2. social process3. social problems

Social Structure

– It may be considered as the differentiation of statuses and social roles into ranked or a system of layered hierarchy of social relationship.

Social Process

– It can be thought of as the division of society into social categories that develop into social group which are cooperating, competing, or conflicting with one another for the status or social change.

Social Problem

– It involve the bitter feelings of discontent and of strong demands for equality or social justice.

BASIC COMPONENT OF SOCIAL STRAFICATION

The significant component of social stratification are the ff:

1. social class2. social status3. social roles

Social Class

• It refers to a stratum or category of persons who have similar socio-economic privileges in the society.

Social Status

• Is the social standing of a person or a group within a social class or in the entire social stratification system.

Social Roles

• Are the expected or actual behavior patterns that corresponds with a status.

• Are further made up of rights and privileges, obligation and responsibilities.

3 identification of social stratification

1. Upper class2. Middle class3. Lower class

Upper Class

It consist of the elite families who are the most productive and successful in their respective areas, be it in agriculture, industry, business or government.

2 general types:1. new rich( nouveau riche )2. traditional upper class

Middle Class

• Education is the main indicator of social status since majority of them have less personal property.

• Small business and industry owners and managers professionals office workers, and farm owners with income that provides a comfortable lifestyle class make up.

Lower Class

• The farm employees, unskilled and skilled artisans, service workers, underemployed and indigent families.

• Comparatively speaking, it has the largest number and live on a subsistence level.

types of Social stratification

Each type differs from the others in socialization, division of labor, and stratification which require and tolerate varying interaction and interrelationships regarding social distance, social mobility, class consciousness, and class struggle.

Class consciousness is the awareness of one’s social class position as different from that of another.

Social distances means a restraint in the social relationships of members of different racial or ethnic groups, social classes, or institutional roles

Class conflict is the struggle between social classes for more equitable distribution of wealth, power, and prestige.

Social mobility refers to the movement of persons or groups in the social stratification system.

2 Types:1. vertical2. horizontal

FACTORS AFFECTING SOCIAL MOBILITY:*changing labor market*increased geographical and horizontal mobility*changing patterns of fertility*education Social mobility, a continuous process, involves motivation, cooperation, competition, and conflict.

Social Institutions and Social Stratification

• Social institution such as the family, school, labor market, and government, exert the greatest influence upon society’s stratification system.

Measurement of Social Stratification

– 1. the Evaluated Participation( EP )– is a techniques that assumes people

within the community are conscious of the ranking system that develops therein and are able kto evaluate its other.

– 2. the Index of Status Characteristic(I.S.C.)

– Techniques that uses factors such as occupation, source of income,( inherited wealth, salary, wages, welfare payments), house type, and dwelling area.

Social stratification system in the Philippines distinct social classes during pre-Spanish

period:• 1. the datus or chiefly class who were the

decision makers and had absolute powers over the followers.

• 2. the maharlika or nobility class who accompanied the datu’s in the latter’s economic pursuits, raids social and religious activities.

• 3. the timagua or the common class who were characterized as the freemen.

• 4. the aliping( ayueg) or the dependent class who were the servile debtors.

Social statuses of rural communities in Luzon based on the access of the families have to land , the six status distinction:1. medium landlords, small owners, owner farmers, and owner tenants.2. small owners, owner farmers, and owner tenants.3. tenants

4. laborers, agricultural workers, under unemployed and unemployed5.the regular employed in nonagricultural occupations.6. those who received a small regular pension from Korea, Hawaii, U.S.A..

2 subclasses of Filipino lower class:1. cosmopolitan- it is made up of the typical city dwellers, laborers, minor clerks, drivers, etc.2. provinciano- making up a highly mobile subgroup within the Filipino lower class are recent migrants from the lower area who are characteristically poor and as yet ill adjusted to city life.

Conditions in the Philippine stratification system that causes changes:• 1. the guided remolding of the Philippines,

particularly its institutions, norms, and values.

• 2. the emancipation of landless tenants into small landowners brought about by the agrarian reform code.

• 3. growth in private business, transportation, communication, manufacture, commerce as well as local and international development movements.

4. The exodus of Filipino professionals to countries with opportunities for social mobility, such as the United Statet, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa.5. greater autonomy given to local governments.6. regional development as well as manpower development with a view of meeting the over all norm for national development.7. the improved and reorganized taxation system.

AGGIES