Social Development

Fact: Parents are the first to influence our social development.

Parenting Styles:What difference do they

make?

Authoritative Families

Children in these families:

• can assume responsibility for themselves gradually.

• are more likely to identify with their parents and perpetuate their values.

• learn from parents who model responsible, cooperative independence.

Other influences?

Socialization

The process of learning the rules of behavior of the culture in which an individual is born and will live.

Three Dimensions of Socialization

1. Learning what the rules are and when to apply them.

2. Acquiring an identity as a member of a particular society, of a particular family, and as an individual.

3. Learning to live with other people and yourself.

Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development

Oral Stagebirth to 18 mos.

Anal Stage1 ½ to 3 years

Phallic Stage3 to 6 years

Latency Stage6 years to puberty

Genital Stagepuberty to adulthood

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

Stage 1: Trust vs. MistrustEarly Infancy

Is my world predictable & supportive?

Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt1-3 years

Can I do things myself or must I rely on others?

Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt3-6 years

Am I good or bad?

Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority6-12 years

Am I successful or worthless?

Stage 5: Identity vs. Role ConfusionEarly TeensWho am I?

Stage 6: Intimacy vs. IsolationYoung Adult

Shall I share my life with someone or live alone?

Stage 7: Generativity vs. StagnationMiddle Adult

Will I succeed in life?

Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. DespairOlder Adult

Have I lived a full life?

Moral Development

Lawrence Kohlberg