Social and Policy Contexts for Environmental Modeling Courtland L. Smith
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Transcript of Social and Policy Contexts for Environmental Modeling Courtland L. Smith
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Social and Policy Contexts for Social and Policy Contexts for Environmental ModelingEnvironmental Modeling
Courtland L. SmithCourtland L. SmithDepartment of AnthropologyDepartment of Anthropology
iEMSsiEMSsW6: Developing tools to support W6: Developing tools to support
management and policymanagement and policy
July 12, 2006July 12, 2006
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NETS: Northwest Educational Trawler Simulation
Some of my modeling experiences & lessons
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Social and Policy Context
• Model design For whom Interacting with
• Making models social Social networks Values, beliefs, frames Complex systems & disciplines
• Possible pathways forward
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End-users are persons, groups, or entities who might be informed or gain knowledge from modeling tools.
Stakeholders are people affected by the policies adopted or plans created to resolve a particular environmental management action or issue.
Clients have a financial interest in the modeling or software development.
End-users, Stakeholders, Clients
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Property MeaningReactive Responds to environment
Autonomous Controls own actions
Goal-oriented More than responsive to environment
Temporally continuous Agent behavior continuous
Communicative Communicates with other agents
Mobile Can transport self to other locations
Flexible Actions not scripted
Learning Changes based on experience
Character Believable personality or emotions
Adapted from Benenson and Torrens (2004:156)
Agent Properties
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Property MeaningReactive Responds to environment
Autonomous Controls own actions
Social Interacts with other actors
Goal-oriented More than responsive to environment
Temporally continuous Agent behavior continuous
Communicative Communicates with other agents
Mobile Can transport self to other locations
Flexible Actions not scripted
Learning Changes based on experience
Character Believable personality or emotions
Adapted from Benenson and Torrens (2004:156)
Agent Properties
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People collaborate & work in groups
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West Eugene Wetlands Project1200 acres, 13 Years$40 million, 25 funding sourcesMany partners, includingEugene, Lane County, BLM, TNC, USACE, EPA,USFW, DSL, DEQ
Projects require networking & partnerships:
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Most human actions involve social networks
Ames Creek Project communications network
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The Goal?
Source: Scott’s Fertilizer Company (www.scotts.com)
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Judgment Day
Watchful, judgmental neighbors“Most of my neighbors do an extremely poor
job, that guy over there only comes out twice a year!”
“People have been getting better, but most of them have a long way to go.”
Perfect yard = no criticism
From Nielson 2003
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Also: frames, mental maps, beliefs
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Sources of Information
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Schematic of Milbrath’s findings representing the US public’s position on the DSP-NEP continuum. DSP is dominant social paradigm, NEP is new ecological paradigm.
From Kempton et al. 1995:200
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Schematic of Kempton’s findings representing the US public’s position on the DSP-NEP continuum. DSP is dominant social paradigm, NEP is new ecological paradigm
From Kempton et al. 1995:201
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Values Theory Theory of Mind
Value orientations
Normative behaviors
Actions
Normative goals
Intentions
Behaviors
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ENV ATTITUDES: New environmental paradigm score for representative sample of Oregon and Washington residents (n=3022 respondents)
ENV ACTION: Frequency histogram of ALLVOTES yes (n=1516 ITUs)
Survey Behavior
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Economics Values
cell
ACTORWT_0
-2.00 - -1.76
-1.75 - -1.58
-1.57 - -1.22
-1.21 - -0.82
-0.81 - -0.61
-0.60 - -0.38
-0.37 - -0.11
-0.10 - 0.18
0.19 - 0.45
0.46 - 0.73
0.74 - 0.94
0.95 - 1.13
1.14 - 1.31
1.32 - 1.51
1.52 - 1.77
1.78 - 2.11
2.12 - 2.41
2.42 - 2.66
2.67 - 2.89
2.90 - 3.00
Scale of
Spatially-explicit values variance among 15,000 actors
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Conclusions & Pathways Forward
Organize model and DIST development and design to incorporate people knowledgeable of social processes
Three interconnected pathways1. Make modeling
teams more interdisciplinary
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Social Process Diagram
http://cesimo.ing.ula.ve/GAIA/SPD/spd_image.html
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Conclusions & Pathways Forward
Organize model and DIST development and design to incorporate people knowledgeable of social processes
Three interconnected pathways1. Make modeling
teams more interdisciplinary
2. Bring in end-users, stakeholders & clients early and often
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Experiential learning works best for young and especially mature learners
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Conclusions & Pathways Forward
Organize model and DIST development and design to incorporate people knowledgeable of social processes
Three interconnected pathways1. Make modeling
teams more interdisciplinary
2. Bring in end-users, stakeholders & clients early and often
3. Build problem-focused tools
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Questions?Clarifications?Comments?Rebuttals?Elaborations?
Time for discussion?
Thank you for your attention.