Social and Policy Contexts for Environmental Modeling Courtland L. Smith Department of Anthropology...
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Transcript of Social and Policy Contexts for Environmental Modeling Courtland L. Smith Department of Anthropology...
Social and Policy Contexts for Social and Policy Contexts for Environmental ModelingEnvironmental Modeling
Courtland L. SmithCourtland L. SmithDepartment of AnthropologyDepartment of Anthropology
iEMSsiEMSsW6: Developing tools to support W6: Developing tools to support
management and policymanagement and policy
July 12, 2006July 12, 2006
NETS: Northwest Educational Trawler Simulation
Some of my modeling experiences & lessons
Social and Policy Context
• Model design For whom Interacting with
• Making models social Social networks Values, beliefs, frames Complex systems & disciplines
• Possible pathways forward
End-users are persons, groups, or entities who might be informed or gain knowledge from modeling tools.
Stakeholders are people affected by the policies adopted or plans created to resolve a particular environmental management action or issue.
Clients have a financial interest in the modeling or software development.
End-users, Stakeholders, Clients
Property MeaningReactive Responds to environment
Autonomous Controls own actions
Goal-oriented More than responsive to environment
Temporally continuous Agent behavior continuous
Communicative Communicates with other agents
Mobile Can transport self to other locations
Flexible Actions not scripted
Learning Changes based on experience
Character Believable personality or emotions
Adapted from Benenson and Torrens (2004:156)
Agent Properties
Property MeaningReactive Responds to environment
Autonomous Controls own actions
Social Interacts with other actors
Goal-oriented More than responsive to environment
Temporally continuous Agent behavior continuous
Communicative Communicates with other agents
Mobile Can transport self to other locations
Flexible Actions not scripted
Learning Changes based on experience
Character Believable personality or emotions
Adapted from Benenson and Torrens (2004:156)
Agent Properties
People collaborate & work in groups
West Eugene Wetlands Project1200 acres, 13 Years$40 million, 25 funding sourcesMany partners, includingEugene, Lane County, BLM, TNC, USACE, EPA,USFW, DSL, DEQ
Projects require networking & partnerships:
Most human actions involve social networks
Ames Creek Project communications network
The Goal?
Source: Scott’s Fertilizer Company (www.scotts.com)
Judgment Day
Watchful, judgmental neighbors“Most of my neighbors do an extremely poor
job, that guy over there only comes out twice a year!”
“People have been getting better, but most of them have a long way to go.”
Perfect yard = no criticism
From Nielson 2003
Also: frames, mental maps, beliefs
Sources of Information
Schematic of Milbrath’s findings representing the US public’s position on the DSP-NEP continuum. DSP is dominant social paradigm, NEP is new ecological paradigm.
From Kempton et al. 1995:200
Schematic of Kempton’s findings representing the US public’s position on the DSP-NEP continuum. DSP is dominant social paradigm, NEP is new ecological paradigm
From Kempton et al. 1995:201
Values Theory Theory of Mind
Value orientations
Normative behaviors
Actions
Normative goals
Intentions
Behaviors
ENV ATTITUDES: New environmental paradigm score for representative sample of Oregon and Washington residents (n=3022 respondents)
ENV ACTION: Frequency histogram of ALLVOTES yes (n=1516 ITUs)
Survey Behavior
Economics Values
cell
ACTORWT_0
-2.00 - -1.76
-1.75 - -1.58
-1.57 - -1.22
-1.21 - -0.82
-0.81 - -0.61
-0.60 - -0.38
-0.37 - -0.11
-0.10 - 0.18
0.19 - 0.45
0.46 - 0.73
0.74 - 0.94
0.95 - 1.13
1.14 - 1.31
1.32 - 1.51
1.52 - 1.77
1.78 - 2.11
2.12 - 2.41
2.42 - 2.66
2.67 - 2.89
2.90 - 3.00
Scale of
Spatially-explicit values variance among 15,000 actors
Conclusions & Pathways Forward
Organize model and DIST development and design to incorporate people knowledgeable of social processes
Three interconnected pathways1. Make modeling
teams more interdisciplinary
Social Process Diagram
http://cesimo.ing.ula.ve/GAIA/SPD/spd_image.html
Conclusions & Pathways Forward
Organize model and DIST development and design to incorporate people knowledgeable of social processes
Three interconnected pathways1. Make modeling
teams more interdisciplinary
2. Bring in end-users, stakeholders & clients early and often
Experiential learning works best for young and especially mature learners
Conclusions & Pathways Forward
Organize model and DIST development and design to incorporate people knowledgeable of social processes
Three interconnected pathways1. Make modeling
teams more interdisciplinary
2. Bring in end-users, stakeholders & clients early and often
3. Build problem-focused tools
Questions?Clarifications?Comments?Rebuttals?Elaborations?
Time for discussion?
Thank you for your attention.