7/25/2019 Soap Lab Report by AD

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Name

Lab report

Teacher

Subject

Chemistry

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7/25/2019 Soap Lab Report by AD

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Introduction

A soup is the sodium or potassium salt of a long-chain fatty

acid. The fatty acid usually contains ! to " carbon atoms.The source of the fatty acids either from animal#s fats or

$egetables %hich are esters of carbo&ylic acids. They ha$e a

high molecular %eight and contained alcohol and glycerol.

Chemically' these fats and oils called triglycerides.

Solid soaps usually consists of sodium salts of fatty acids'

%hereas li(uid soaps consists of the potassium salts of fatty

acids. A soup such as sodium stearate consists of a nonpolarend )the hydrocarbon chain of the fatty* and a polar end )the

ionic carbo&ylate*.

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Theorical +rame%or,

rganic chemistry

Is a chemistrysub discipline in$ol$ing the scienticstudy ofthe structure' properties' and reactions of organiccompoundsand organic materials' i.e.' matter in its $arious

forms that contain carbonatoms. Study of structure includesmany physical and chemical methods to determinethe chemical compositionand the chemical constitutionoforganic compounds and materials. Study of propertiesincludes both physical propertiesand chemical properties' anduses similar methods as %ell as methods to e$aluate chemicalreacti$ity' %ith the aim to understand the beha$ior of theorganic matter in its pure form )%hen possible*' but also insolutions' mi&tures' and fabricated forms. The study of organic

reactionsincludes probing their scope through use inpreparation of target compounds )e.g.' naturalproducts' drugs' polymers' etc.* by chemical synthesis' as %ellas the focused study of the reacti$itiesof indi$idual organicmolecules' both in the laboratory and $ia theoretical )in silico*study.

The range of chemicals studied in organic chemistryinclude hydrocarbons)compounds containingonly carbonand hydrogen*' as %ell as myriad compositions

based al%ays on carbon' but also containing other elements'/0/10/20especially o&ygen' nitrogen' sulfur' phosphorus)these' included in many organic chemicals in biology* andthe radiostableelements of the halogens.

In the modern era' the range e&tends further into the periodictable' %ith main group elements' including3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compoundshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compoundshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_materialshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compositionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_constitutionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_propertieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_propertieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactivityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactivityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_reactionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_reactionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_productshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_productshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_synthesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_silicohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_chemistry#cite_note-J._Clayden.2C_N._Greeves_2012_pp._1-15-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_chemistry#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_chemistry#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemicalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_group_elementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compoundshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compoundshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_materialshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compositionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_constitutionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_propertieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_propertieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactivityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactivityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_reactionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_reactionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_productshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_productshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_synthesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_silicohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_chemistry#cite_note-J._Clayden.2C_N._Greeves_2012_pp._1-15-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_chemistry#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_chemistry#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemicalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_group_elementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry

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Group and ! organometallic compounds' i.e.'

in$ol$ing al,ali)e.g.' lithium' sodium' and potassium*or al,aline earth metals)e.g.' magnesium*

4etalloids)e.g.' boron and silicon* or other metals)e.g.'aluminium and tin*

In addition' much modern research focuses on organicchemistry in$ol$ing further organometallics' includingthe lanthanides' but especially thetransition metals; )e.g.' 5inc'copper' palladium' nic,el' cobalt' titanium and chromium*

Line-angle representation

Ball-and-stick representation

Space-lling representation

Three representations of an organic compound' 6 7 -8ihydroprogesterone)67-89:*' asteroid hormone. +or

molecules sho%ing color' the carbon atoms are in blac,'hydrogens in gray' and o&ygens in red. In the line anglerepresentation' carbon atoms are implied at e$ery terminus ofa line and $erte& of multiple lines' and hydrogen atoms areimplied to ll the remaining needed $alences )up to 2*.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometallic_compoundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloidshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_group_elementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometallichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesteronehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesteronehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometallic_compoundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloidshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_group_elementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometallichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesteronehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesteronehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone

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+inally' organic compoundsform the basis of all earthlylifeand constitute a signicant part of human endea$ors inchemistry. The bonding patterns open to carbon' %ith its$alence of four;formal single' double' and triple bonds' as

%ell as $arious structures %ith delocali5ed electrons;ma,ethe array of organic compounds structurally di$erse' and theirrange of applications enormous. They either form the basis of'or are important constituents of' many commercial productsincluding pharmaceuticals< petrochemicalsand products madefrom them )including lubricants' sol$ents' etc.*< plastics