So you want to go 4D: Planting Trees into your Farmscape
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Transcript of So you want to go 4D: Planting Trees into your Farmscape
So you want to go 4Dplanning trees into your farmscape
Christopher Buschhaus, PhD Hannah Buschhaus, MSc
ACORN Conference 2015 Charlottetown, PEI, Canada 2015.11.25
Outline
• Introduction
• Agroforestry – facets
• Agroforestry – functions
• Going 4(D) it…
• Practical notes
• Further questions
Agroforestry“a land management approach that purposefully integrates the growing of trees with crops or livestock” 1
1 http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/resmgmt/agroforestry/ 2 Smith et al. 2014. Elements of Ecology. Canadian edition. Pearson Canada, Inc.
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Agroforestry“a land management approach that purposefully integrates the growing of trees with crops or livestock” 1
1 http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/resmgmt/agroforestry/ 2 Smith et al. 2014. Elements of Ecology. Canadian edition. Pearson Canada, Inc.
Biodiversity“composite measure of biological variation; incorporates genetic, species, and regional diversity” 2
1 Photo credit: Hannah Buschhaus 2 Smith et al. 2014. Elements of Ecology. Canadian edition. Pearson Canada, Inc.
Biodiversity“composite measure of biological variation; incorporates genetic, species, and regional diversity” 2
1
1 http://www.veseys.com/ca/en/store/organicseed/organic/ 2 Smith et al. 2014. Elements of Ecology. Canadian edition. Pearson Canada, Inc.
Biodiversity“composite measure of biological variation; incorporates genetic, species, and regional diversity” 2
1
1 http://www.veseys.com/ca/en/store/organicseed/organic/ 2 Smith et al. 2014. Elements of Ecology. Canadian edition. Pearson Canada, Inc.
Biodiversity“composite measure of biological variation; incorporates genetic, species, and regional diversity” 2
1
1 http://www.veseys.com/ca/en/store/organicseed/organic/ 2 Smith et al. 2014. Elements of Ecology. Canadian edition. Pearson Canada, Inc.
Biodiversity“composite measure of biological variation; incorporates genetic, species, and regional diversity” 2
1
Species richness
1 http://www.veseys.com/ca/en/store/organicseed/organic/ 2 Smith et al. 2014. Elements of Ecology. Canadian edition. Pearson Canada, Inc.
Biodiversity“composite measure of biological variation; incorporates genetic, species, and regional diversity” 2
1
1 http://www.veseys.com/ca/en/store/organicseed/organic/ 2 Smith et al. 2014. Elements of Ecology. Canadian edition. Pearson Canada, Inc.
Biodiversity“composite measure of biological variation; incorporates genetic, species, and regional diversity” 2
1
Species evenness
1 http://www.veseys.com/ca/en/store/organicseed/organic/ 2 Smith et al. 2014. Elements of Ecology. Canadian edition. Pearson Canada, Inc.
Biodiversity“composite measure of biological variation; incorporates genetic, species, and regional diversity” 2
1
Species evenness
1 http://www.veseys.com/ca/en/store/organicseed/organic/ 2 Smith et al. 2014. Elements of Ecology. Canadian edition. Pearson Canada, Inc.
Biodiversity“composite measure of biological variation; incorporates genetic, species, and regional diversity” 2
1
1 http://www.veseys.com/ca/en/store/organicseed/organic/ 2 Smith et al. 2014. Elements of Ecology. Canadian edition. Pearson Canada, Inc.
Biodiversity“composite measure of biological variation; incorporates genetic, species, and regional diversity” 2
1Why do we care about biodiversity?
Agroforestry“a land management approach that purposefully integrates the growing of trees with crops or livestock” 1
1 http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/resmgmt/agroforestry/ 2 Smith et al. 2014. Elements of Ecology. Canadian edition. Pearson Canada, Inc.
Biodiversity“composite measure of biological variation; incorporates genetic, species, and regional diversity” 2
Agroforestry“a land management approach that purposefully integrates the growing of trees with crops or livestock” 1
1 http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/resmgmt/agroforestry/ 2 Smith et al. 2014. Elements of Ecology. Canadian edition. Pearson Canada, Inc.
Biodiversity“composite measure of biological variation; incorporates genetic, species, and regional diversity” 2
Canopy
Understory
Shrub layer
Herb layer
Ground
Outline
• Introduction
• Agroforestry – facets
• Agroforestry – functions
• Going 4(D) it…
• Practical notes
• Further questions
Outline
• Introduction
• Agroforestry – facets
• Agroforestry – functions
• Going 4(D) it…
• Practical notes
• Further questions
• Windbreak • Odour reduction
http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/agricultural-practices/agroforestry/
http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/agricultural-practices/agroforestry/shelterbelt-planning-and-establishment
• Waterway protection • Biomass/fuel source
PEI Buffer zone fact sheet. Department of Environment, Labour, and Justice
http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/agricultural-practices/agroforestry/
• Waterway protection • Biomass/fuel source
Outline
• Introduction
• Agroforestry – facets
• Agroforestry – functions
• Going 4(D) it…
• Practical notes
• Further questions
http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/agricultural-practices/agroforestry/
• Density • Longevity • Establishment time
Outline
• Introduction
• Agroforestry – facets
• Agroforestry – functions
• Going 4(D) it…
• Practical notes
• Further questions
Cuttings . . . . . . In field propagation
Willow, poplar, etc.
2 bud minimum
Angled bottom cut
Keep moist
Cuttings . . . . . . In field propagation
Willow, poplar, etc.
2 bud minimum
Angled bottom cut
Keep moist
Do It Your Self . . . Propagation cuttings rooted material coppicing beds Maintenance water weed control
Outline
• Introduction
• Agroforestry – facets
• Agroforestry – functions
• Going 4(D) it…
• Practical notes
• Further questions
Di• Benefits • Drawbacks
• Canopy layers • Tree diversity lists • Shrub diversity lists
• Combinations matter
• Animal corridors • Pollinators • Insects (good and bad) • Birds • Hawk posts for vole/mouse
Outline• Introduction • Agroforestry facets • Mechanisms of function / ecology (pollination, ipm, windbreak,
hedgerow, microclimate, crop protection, increasing biodiversity) • Starting up: • Goals (windbreak, sightbreak, pollinator food, habitat, biomass/
fuel…, multitasking) • Budget (time, equipment, trees, etc) • Spacing/apps for trees/shrubs • Practical guides – on-a-budget, weeds, tree selection,
propagation, etc.
• A major goal of organic production is managing for biological diversity. Intentional management of the 4th dimension through such systems as hedgerows and shelterbelts benefits both wild and cultivated diversity while simultaneously providing economic benefits to the farming operation. This presentation will highlight the broad framework of 4D-farming before delving into the practical considerations of implementing on-farm agroforestry.
• Overview of the multi-faceted aspects of agroforestry • Mechanisms of function / ecology (pollination, windbreak,
hedgerow, microclimate, crop protection, increasing biodiversity) • Starting up: • Goals (windbreak, sightbreak, pollinator food, habitat, biomass/
fuel…, multitasking) • Budget (time, equipment, trees, etc) • Spacing/apps for trees/shrubs • Practical guides – on-a-budget, weeds, tree selection,
propagation, etc.
• Overview of the multi-faceted aspects of agroforestry • Mechanisms of function / ecology (pollination, windbreak,
hedgerow, microclimate, crop protection, increasing biodiversity) • Developing hedgerows/ windbreaks for market-garden farms: • Goals / purpose • Budget (time, equipment, trees, etc) • Practical guides – on-a-budget, weeds, tree selection, spacing,
propagation, etc.
• Overview of the multi-faceted aspects of agroforestry • Mechanisms of function / ecology (pollination, windbreak,
hedgerow, microclimate, crop protection, increasing biodiversity) • Starting up: • Goals (windbreak, sightbreak, pollinator food, habitat, biomass/
fuel…, multitasking) • Budget (time, equipment, trees, etc) • Spacing/apps for trees/shrubs • Practical guides – on-a-budget, weeds, tree selection,
propagation, etc.
• Pollinator habitat • Beneficials habitat • Windbreak • Sightbreak • Odour reduction • Waterway protection • Biomass/fuel source • Additional revenue • Carbon sequestration • Beautification • Biodiversity booster
So you want to go 4D: planning trees into your farmscape
(a closer examination of hedgerows and windbreaks)