SNC 1D1 – Major Terrestrial Ecosystems • the most important factor in determining the location and makeup of a terrestrial ecosystem is climate. • Globally the pattern and range of temperature and precipitation cause ecologically similar regions called biomes.

• Canada is dominated by four major biomes: Tundra, Boreal Forest, Grassland and Temperate Deciduous Forest

Tundra Biome• most northern biome.• Cold desert (very little precipitation).• Short growing season and temperatures limit plant growth.• Permafrost layer prohibits plant root growth.• Slow decomposition rates. • Notable species: caribou, polar bear, lichen and moss.

Boreal Forest Biome• Largest biome in Canada.• Rainfall and warm summers support tree growth.• Soil is acidic due to coniferous needles. Soil acidity slows

decomposition and limits plant growth.• Conifers dominant vegetation. Needles are resistant to cold

and water loss in winter.• Year round needles begin photosynthesizing as soon as

temperatures warm in the spring.• Trees shaped to shed heavy snow loads.• Shade tolerant moss and ferns grow under trees. • Key Species: bear, moose, deer, seed-eating birds

Grassland Biome• Prairie occurs where moderate rainfall supports grass but not

most tree species.• Hot dry summers promote grass fires which suppress tree

growth.• Highly fertile soil with decomposition and high levels of

accumulated nutrients.• Most naturally occurring grasslands have been replaced by

crops such as wheat and canola. • Notable Species: bison

Temperature Deciduous Forest Biome • Dominated by deciduous trees (maple, oak and ash).• Longer growing season.• More temperate winters.• Higher decomposition rates.• Diverse vegetation made up of canopy trees, understorey

trees and shrubs. Easily digestible leaves.• Rich variety of animals is supported by abundant plant

growth.• Many original portions of the forest have been replaced by

farmlands, roads, and cities.Homework: Page 59 # 1 - 6

Tundra Biome Boreal Forest

Grassland Biome

Temperate Deciduous Forest