Smart Water Solutions as a key to Reduce Poverty Henk Holtslag Connect International Walter Mgina...
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Transcript of Smart Water Solutions as a key to Reduce Poverty Henk Holtslag Connect International Walter Mgina...
Smart Water Solutions as a key to Reduce Poverty
Henk HoltslagConnect International
Walter MginaSHIPO
November 2009
Who are the poor ?
Rural 75 % (50 % small farmers, 22 % landless, 8% fishermen, forest dwellers, .)
Urban 20%
Hans Eenhoorn, Hunger task force
How to increase production?
Increase fertility, Inputs Improve skillsAcces to market…WATER
Investigations on high benefits of water
Per 1$ invested: 5 - 28 $ WASH (SIWI / WHO
2004)
5 - 60 $ Home treatment (WHO 2008) 10- 20 $ Multiple use (MUS 2008) Safe Water most effective single action to reduce poverty. UN university
2008
Water is essential for 8 MDGs,
For water and sanitation, 84% of theunserved live in rural areas (UNICEF / WHO
2008)
Hence the need for decentralised,
small scale options
Why 50% of the hand pumps fail Too complex Too expensive No ownership
Old “Appropriate Technologies”:
Stone-age image Bad design No private sector
Lessons learned For sustainability:
R Repairability over reliability. Simple, affordable, available
Step by Step, adapt technology to the people
Now it is often the other way around
Profit for all involved, private sector Profit based sustainability, create value chains
3 C`s of marketing, Cost ,… , …
Simple is not easy
Propositions
1 To reach MDG 1, it is more cost- effective to invest in family systems than in communal water systems
2 With the new Home Water Treatment options, unsafe water sources are not a problem anymore.
New Smart Solutions for Wells
Pumps
Storage
Ground water recharge
Irrigation
Treatment (drinking water)
Sanitation
Hygiëne
Wells Manual drilling Rota-sludge, Baptist
Tanzania Water points
reduced from $ 3000 to $ 600
4”casing 30m, rope pump
Bolivia Family system $
100 30 m deep, incl. PVC pump
Pumps Treadle pump
Suction pump for irrigation
1.5 million used in Asia and Africa
Cost $ 15 – 100 Generates income
$100 - 400 / year
Pressure pump, domestic use
5 - 40 meters deep
20.000 installed in Bolivia
Cost: $ 20 - 80
Pumps Baptist, EMAS
Water powered
Lifts to 200 m high (AIDFI)
Cost: $ 200 - ..
Pumps Ram Pumps
Improved Volanta pump
Till 100 m deep
Cost: ca $ 2000
Pumps Afri pump
Communal, Domestic use
4 million users
Cost: $ 30 - 150
Broken piston pumps replaced by rope
pump (Malawi)
Pumps Rope pump
Models for 2m dug wells to 2 “boreholes
Nicaragua
Shift piston pumps to rope pumps increased rural water supply 3 x faster than other countries.
95% functioning
$ 70. Affordable for families
Profit based sustainability those involved make profit
80.000 installed. National standard
Zimbabwe, Malawi, Uganda
1.5 million users now
15 million in 2015
May reach water MDG!
Ghana
Worldbank funded project
80% defect after 1 year
Errors
Devil is in detail
Simple is not easy…
Rope pumps with Pedal, Horse, Engine, Wind
Storage Wire cement tank Emas underground tank, Plastic lined tank.
Bricks, bamboo
1 bag of cement / m3
Volumes 1 – 50 m3
Groundwater recharge
Plants, Vetiver
Spate irrigation
Tube recharge
Irrigation Pepsi drip, Nica drip, Easy drip small farmers, < 2 Ha
They can manage simple low cost irrigation Income / food security
Rope pump + KB drip (No storage tank) Cost $40/ 400 m2
Multiple use Irrigation of tomatoes + Domestic use for 10 families (Payback 6 months)
Home Water Treatment (POU)
Boiling, Chlorine, Silverdyne, Plation, PUR, SODIS, Biosand
New water filters Reduce diarrhoea up to 64% (Unicef / WHO)
Candle CWP
Family straw Siphon
Ceramic Water Purifier produced in 24 countries
Local skills , materials
$ 10- 20
Siphon filter
Eliminates - Turbidity - All bacteria
- $ 6 - 12
Water quality: Hach test, used by UNICEF
presence of E-coli
1.5 US$ / test
www.hach.com
Filtered Bottled BoiledRaw
Sanitation
Ferti slabs
With urine diversion (fertiliser)
Cost; 2/3 bag of cement
Sanitation
Safi Sana Improved collection
Peepoo bag Cost 2 cent / bag
Hygiëne Tippy Tap
Families copy it (after critical mass)Educational for schools
Low cost options for almost all problems
Quality can improve with HWT ; Chlorine, Filters Upgrading hand dug wells Quantity can increase with Manual drilling Locally produced Emas and Rope pumps
Rainwater harvesting, Tube recharge, rooft. Replace broken piston pumps, rope pumps.
Open well to MDG water point
Cover + pump + filter
Cost – Benefit of Smart -Techs More water with Rope pump
In $ 1 mln aid, one time investment Out $ 10 mln / year increase GNP
Family In $ 60 cost of a family pump Out $ 220/ year increased income
Zimbabwe;pump+recharge =80 people food all yearZambia; 1 pump generates 100 – 400 $/ yr
Nicaragua:
Benefits Home Water Treatment Country level Cost: 2 $/cap.1time investment social
marketing Benefit: Reduction of 50% of hospital beds. (Now taken by patients with waterborne
disease)
Family Level Cost: 3 $/yr for disinfection, 10$ for water filter Benefit: 20 to 100 $ / year. Less expenses, more time
Example. 10$ water filters in cholera area in Zimbabwe. None of users had Cholera
How to scale up?
Create “awareness” All stakeholders should be aware of
new options. 1000 fold scaling up of good examples
Simple is not easy Good quality requires training, follow up
Information
Smart series on Water Sanitation Water Harvesting Financing
www.nwp.nl
Wikipedia for water & sanitationwww.akvo.org www.waterchannel.org
…
- Demonstrate options, adequate for region - Hands on training, production,use, marketing
Smart-Tech Centers
MDG? Capacity building is the key
With Smart techs, water for all is more possible than ever before
Dank u wel
Suggestions Increase WASH aid, guaranteed benefit of 5 to 60 x
investment First focus on HWT options. Create supply chains 300 in 6 idea : 2% Dutch aid, 5 yrs Use subsidy communal supply for family
systems Ej 40$/cap x 5 = 200 $ Baptist system 100 $, bigger system?
Credit
Replace broken piston pumps by rope pumps. 200$/pump
Smart-tech centres in all regions
Applied R&D for further cost reduction
Statements ?
Connect International A non profit organization
Mission Community development with Smart concept (Smart techs
and Innovative survey and monitoring.)
Services Hands on training in Smart Techs, Survey, Monitoring Adaptation of Smart techs to local situation Creation of Smart tech centres
Strategy Cooperation with government, NGOs and private sector Awareness creation, networking in water platforms
Where Africa. Ghana, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique,
Zimbabwe Latin America. Nicaragua, El Salvador, Columbia Asia. India, Vietnam, Phillipines