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Smart Sensors

ZBIGNIEW POPIOLEK

Department of Heating, Ventilation and Dust Removal Technology

Silesian University of Technology, Poland

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Building Systems and Their Monitoring Needs

Building- lighting, temperature, sound, air quality…

People - occupancy, comfort, productivity, safety

Energy - electricity, gas, water, weather…

Smart Sensors

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• air temperature, mean radiant temperature,

operative temperature, surface temperature

• air velocity

• humidity

• CO2, smoke, gaseous and particle contaminations,

• odors

• sound

• individual recognize

• motion

• doors and windows ON/OFF

Sensing opportunities for comfort, air quality, occupancy assessment

Smart Sensors

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• weather condition

• structure temperature

• window status

• pressure

• HVAC – temperature, humidity, airflow rate

• zone light sensor

• daylight illumination

• plug power measurement

• fuel and electricity consumption

Sensing opportunities for building, HVAC system, lighting, performance/energy assessment

Smart Sensors

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• shading, blinds

• windows

• heating

• ventilation

• fire safety

• AC

• refrigeration

• lights

• computers

• office devices

Actuation opportunities of control devices(position adjustment, start on/off, setpoint reset, shut down)

Smart Sensors

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Traditional integrated sensors

Smart Sensors

resistors,

capacitor,

transistor,

piezoelectric

materials,

photodiode,

etc.

Sensing

elementSignal conditioning and

processing

Sensor

interface

amplification,

linearization,

compensation,

filtering,

etc.

wires,

plugs,

sockets,

etc.

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Smart sensors

Smart Sensors

Sensing

elementSignal conditioning and

processing

Micro-

processor

digital signal processing,

analog-to-digital conversions,

calculations,

dump or store the data,

interfacing functions,

self-diagnostics,

self-identification,

’sleeping’ mode

etc.

Main features:

• VLSI technologies

• wireless RF

communication!

• low power consumption

• small size

• low cost

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Smart sensors development

Smart Sensors

“AWAIRS I” (1999)

seismic, magnetic and acoustic sensors

Prototype smart sensor (Lynch et al. 2001).

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Smart sensors development

Smart Sensors

European project of

Energy Efficient Sensor

Networks (EYES 2002)

A MTS310 Sensor Board manufactured by Crossbow Technology, Inc. (2003)

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Smart sensors development

Smart Sensors

Berkeley-mote Mica2dot

Berkeley-mote Mica2

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Smart sensors development

Smart Sensors

UC Berkeley “Smart Dust”Prototype

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Smart sensors applications

Smart Sensors

Bringing the Information Revolution to the Physical World, December 1, 2005, sponsored by Dust Network

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Smart sensors applications

Smart Sensors

Bringing the Information Revolution to the Physical World, December 1, 2005, sponsored by Dust Network

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Smart sensors in buildings today

Smart Sensors

Sensicast’s Smart

Sensors automatically

“introduce themselves” to the

network and work reliably for

years. They monitor multiple

data types essential for

industrial, manufacturing and

laboratory processes,

including:

• Pressure

• Temperature

• Current and Voltage

• Motion

• Light

• Humidity, Moisture and many

more

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Smart sensors in buildings today

Smart Sensors

TEMPERATURE RTD SMART SENSOR• Two or four-channel RTD inputs

• RTD types supported:

• 2, 3 and 4 wire inputs

• 10 Ω, Copper RTD support

• 100 Ω, Platinum RTD support

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY• Temperature Accuracy +/- 0.3°C

• Temperature Resolution 0.01°C

• Temperature Repeatability +/- 0.01°C

• Humidity Accuracy +/- 3% RH

• Humidity Resolution 0.03% RH

• Humidity Repeatability +/- 0.1% RH

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Smart sensors in buildings today

Smart Sensors

CONTACT CLOSURE SMART SENSOR

4-20mA INPUT SMART SENSOR

0-10V INPUT SMART SENSOR

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Smart sensors for Control of Microenvironment

Smart Sensors

Light ballast

VAV actuator

Reflective vane actuator

Occupancy sensor

Desk climate sensor

Window switch

Climate sensor

Base station

BACnet

Comfort stat

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Other possible smart sensors

application

Smart Sensors

Wireless liquid level sensing for restaurant applications

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Smart Sensors

Just as the personal computer was a symbol of the ’80s, and the symbol of the ’90s is the World Wide Web, the next nonlinear shift, is going to be the advent of cheap sensors..

-Paul Saffo

Institute for the Future

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Other sensors

Photoelectric sensor, detection of the object

Occupancy sensor

Wireless thermostat

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Bircher’s AIR30 Active Infrared

Detector

CraftempTemperature-Change

Detector

Desk and PV Air Flow Occupation Detection

Occupant Activity Detection Sensors

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Office Occupation Detection

Bircher’s MERKURMicro Wave Motion Detector

Occupant Activity Detection Sensors