A Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuatorsvenky/WP/Smart transducer interface for...

K. Lee, NIST

Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451

A Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators

Tether-free Technologies andE-Manufacturing Workshop

Milwaukee, WI

October 1-2, 2001

Kang LeeSensor Development and Application Group

Manufacturing Engineering LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyUnited States Department of Commerce

K. Lee, NIST


Outline

?Introduction?A smart sensor model?Why networking smart sensors? ?What is IEEE 1451??Industry/government collaboration?Relationship of IEEE 1451 with

MIMOSA ?Relationship of IEEE 1451 with OSA-

CBM?Expected benefits of IEEE 1451?Wireless sensor interface standards

activities

K. Lee, NIST


Introduction• Smart features integrated into sensors and actuators.

• Increasing uses of digital communication and networked configurations for connecting sensors and actuators.

• The trend is moving toward distributed sensing and distributed control architecture.

• Networked sensor technology applied to commercial and consumer applications

• aerospace and automotive• industrial automation • process control• smart buildings and homes……

K. Lee, NIST


Example Needs in Government / Industry

• Networked sensors are needed• Example 1: U.S. Navy needs tens of thousands of networked

sensors per vessel to enhance automation because of the reduced-manning program.

• Example 2: Boeing needs to network hundreds of sensors to monitor and characterize airplane wing performance.

K. Lee, NIST


For Sensor Manufacturers

Barriers:• Large number of different networks to

support.• Lack of network software know-how and

support.• Significant sensor interface software

development for each supported network. • Lack of a standardized sensor interface.

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A Smart Sensor Model

Functional capability of a smart sensor:• integrated intelligence closer to the point of

measurement and control • basic computation capability• capability to communicate data and information in

a standardized digital format

Sensor

Signalconditioning

and analog-to-digital

conversion

Application algorithm

Network communication

Network

K. Lee, NIST


A Networked Sensor System- Functional partitioning into modules for implementation

Sensor

Signalconditioning


conversion



Network

Smart Transducer Interface Module

(STIM)

Network Capable Application Processor

(NCAP)

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A Networked Sensor System- Ultimately all functions integrated into a single unit

Integrated Networked Smart Sensor

Sensor

Signalconditioning


conversion



Network

K. Lee, NIST


Why Networking Smart Sensors?

Networking smart sensors enable features not readily available with traditional sensors:

• significantly lowers the total system cost by simplified wiring

• “time aware” for time-stamping function• local networking to share measurement and control• provide Internet connectivity, thus global or anywhere,

access of “sensor information”

K. Lee, NIST


What is IEEE 1451 ?

• A set of IEEE standards aimed to:• simplify transducer (sensor or actuator) connectivity. For

example: plug and play.

• It is developed as:• an open, industry consensus interface standard.

• It’s purposes are to:• provide a general transducer data, control, timing,

configuration and calibration model• provide a set of common interfaces for connecting sensors

and actuators to instruments, and control and field networks.

K. Lee, NIST


What Standards are being developed ?

• IEEE Std 1451.1-1999, Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP) Information Model for smart transducers -- Published standard.

• IEEE Std 1451.2-1997, Transducer to Microprocessor Communication Protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats -- Published standard.

• IEEE P1451.3, Digital Communication and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats for DistributedMultidrop Systems -- Being developed.

• IEEE P1451.4, Mixed-mode Communication Protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats --Being developed.

K. Lee, NIST


A Networked Sensor System- Functional Partitioning

Sensor

Signalconditioning


conversion



Network

Smart Transducer Interface Module

(STIM)


(NCAP)

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IEEE 1451 Smart Transducer Interface System Block Diagram

Phy

sica

l wor

ld

Smart TransducerInterface Module

(STIM)

ADC

DAC

DI/O

?

XDCR

XDCR

XDCR

XDCR

AddressLogic

Transducer ElectronicData Sheet

Network-Capable

ApplicationProcessor(NCAP)

with 1451.1Object Model

TransducerIndependentInterface (TII)

1451.2Interface

Any ArbitraryNetwork

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Network Ports

Communication InterfaceClient / Server and Publish / Subscribe

NCAP

Bloc

k

• IEEE 1451.1 NCAP uses a “backplane” or “card cage” concept• Network communication viewed through the NCAP as port

Conceptual View of an IEEE 1451.1 NCAP

FunctionBlock

TransducerBlock

PhysicalTransducer

• Physical transducers are mapped into the NCAP using transducer block objects via the IEEE 1451.2 hardware interface

Contains Other Software Objects (i.e., Parameters, Actions, and Files)

FunctionBlock

• Function block application code is “plugged” in as needed

• NCAP centralizes all system and communications facilities

Transducer Interface(for example: 1451.2)

K. Lee, NIST


IEEE 1451.1 Networked Smart Transducer Model

Any Arbitrary Network

Network Protocol Logical Interface Specification

Transducer Logical Interface Specification

Transducer Hardware Interface Specification ( e.g. IEEE 1451.2)

Network Hardware

Network Protocol

I/O Port Hardware

Transducer Software

Transducers

Application Software (Function Blocks)

NCAP Block

NCAP

Transducer Blocks

Server Objects Dispatch, Ports

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IEEE 1451.2 Transducer Independent Interface (TII)

Line Drivenby

Function

DIN NCAP Address and data transport from NCAP to STIMDOUT STIM Data transport from STIM to NCAPDCLK NCAP Positive-going edge latches data on both DIN and DOUTNIOE NCAP Signals that the data transport is active and delimits data transport framing.NTRIG NCAP Performs triggering functionNACK STIM This signal serves two functions:

1. trigger acknowledge2. data transport acknowledge

NINT STIM Used by the STIM to request service from the NCAPNSDET STIM Used by the NCAP to detect the presence of a STIMPOWER NCAP Nominal 5 V power supplyCOMMON NCAP Signal common or ground

STIM with TEDS

NCAPTII

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IEEE 1451.2 Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS)

• Meta-TEDS• Data structure related information

• version number• number of implemented channels• future extension key• ...

• Identification related information• manufacturer’s identification• model number• serial number• revision number• date code• product description• ...

K. Lee, NIST


IEEE 1451.2 Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) - cont’d

• Channel TEDS• Transducer related information

• lower range limit• upper range limit• physical unit• unit warm-up time• uncertainty• self test key• ...

• Data Converter related information• channel data model• channel data repetitions• channel update time• channel read setup time• channel write setup time• data clock frequency• channel sampling period• trigger accuracy• …

K. Lee, NIST


IEEE 1451.2 Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) - cont’d

• Calibration TEDS• Data structure related information

• Calibration TEDS length

• Calibration related information• last calibration date-time• calibration interval• number of correction input channels• multinomial coefficient• ….

• Data integrity information• checksum for calibration TEDS

K. Lee, NIST


IEEE P1451.3Distributed Multidrop System

Transducer BusInterface Module

(TBIM)

Net

wor

k

Signal & Power

Return


(TBIM)


(TBIM)

Transducer BusController

(TBC)

Network Capable AplicationProcessor(NCAP)

• Synchronously reads large arrays of sensors at high speeds in a parallel transducer bus setting with multidrop connectivity for TBIM, in which sensors and/or actuators are connected.

• Supports sensors with bandwidth requirements to several hundred kilohertz and TEDS with XML format.

K. Lee, NIST


IEEE P1451.4Mixed-mode Transducer and Interface

• Simple, low-cost connectivity (2-4 wires) for analog sensors with very compact TEDS, as small as 64 bits.

• Mixed-mode interface supports a digital interface to read and write the TEDS, and an analog interface to make measurements with instruments.

IEEE 1451.4 Mixed-Mode Transducer

. Network

Node(s) Transducer(s)

.

.

. .

Energy Conversion

Transducer Electronic Data Sheet

(TEDS)


(NCAP) with IEEE 1451.4 Mixed-Mode Interface IEEE 1451.4 Mixed-Mode Interface(s)

K. Lee, NIST


IEEE 1451 Family Member Independence

1451.2

SmartTransducer

InterfaceModule

Network

Mixed-ModeTransducer

P1451.3

P1451.4

NetworkCapable

ApplicationProcessor

(NCAP)

Network X Library P1451.1 API

T-Block, TransducerI/O API

SmartTransducer Object Model

TransducerBus

InterfaceModule

• 1451.x are designed to work with each other.

• However, they can also stand on their own.

• 1451.1 can work without any 1451.x hardware interface.

• 1451.x can be used without 1451.1, but software with similar functionality must provide sensor data / information to reach network.

K. Lee, NIST


Industry/Government Collaboration

Control network providers participated in preliminary 1451.2 standards specification verification.

?DeviceNetby Allen-Bradley

? LonWorks by Echelon

? Smart Distributed System (SDS) by Honeywell Microswitch

? Ethernetby Hewlett-Packard

K. Lee, NIST


Interfacing IEEE 1451to MIMOSA Architecture

Control Systems

Condition MeasuringSystems

EAM / CMMSSystems

Enterprise ResourcePlanning -- ERP

STEP

OPC OAGI

MIMOSA

MIMOSA OPCGateway

Digital Mixed Analog

? IEEE 1451? MIMOSA? Firewire

? IEEE P1451.4

On-Line Transducers

Off-Line? Data Collectors? Modem? Disc

EquipmentOperations

and MaintenanceDecisionSupport

MIMOSA - Machinery InformationManagement Open Systems Alliance

CMMS - Computerized Maintenance Management System

EAM - Enterprise Asset ManagementSTEP - Standard for Exchange of

Product Model DataOPC - OLE for Process ControlOAG - Open Applications Group

MIMOSA OAGI

MIMOSA

MIMOSA

K. Lee, NIST


MIMOSA Tech-File Architecture for CBM Information Exchange

MIMOSA Tech-FILE Export for Service Segments / Assets Specification

MIMOSA Common Relational Information Schema (CRIS)

MIMOSA Site Zero Database Reference Entries

MIMOSA Export Data (MED) File Specification

MIMOSA Tech-MIMOSA Tech-File File ArchitectureArchitecture

TechTechnologiesnologiesVIB (Vibration/Sound)VIB (Vibration/Sound)SAMPLE (Fluid/Gas/Solid Sampling)SAMPLE (Fluid/Gas/Solid Sampling)THERM (THERM (ThermographyThermography))TREND (Trends/Alarms)TREND (Trends/Alarms)DIAG (Diagnostics)DIAG (Diagnostics)REL (Reliability Data)REL (Reliability Data)ASSET (Asset Management)ASSET (Asset Management)WORK (Work Management)WORK (Work Management)

Vendor A Supplied

Vendor B Supplied

MIMOSA Supplied

Vendor ADatabase

Vendor BDatabase

Tech-FILE Import for Service Segments / Assets Specification

Vendor A MIMOSA Tech-File Exportfor Service Seg / Assets Application

Vendor B MIMOSA Tech-File Importfor Service Seg / Assets Application

MED FilesMED Files

Diagramcourtesy of MIMOSA

K. Lee, NIST


Open System Architecture (OSA) for Condition Based Maintenance (CBM)

Sensor module/ data acquisition

Signal processing

Condition monitoring

Health assessment

Prognostics

Decision support

Presentation

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Major components of the OSA-CBM architecture and its links to MIMOSA and IEEE standards

Diagramcourtesy ofOSA-CBM

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IEEE 1451

Enables “Plug and Play” of Transducers to Networks

Any Network

1451 NCAPs

1451-compatibletransducer

1451-compatibletransducer

K. Lee, NIST


IEEE 1451 Enables “Plug and Play” of Transducers to instruments

1451-compatibleInstrument or

Data AcquisitionSystem

Example: P1451.4 transducer demonstration (acceleration, load cell, position, and temperature sensors, etc)

...1451-compatible

Transducer

1451-compatible

Transducer

K. Lee, NIST


Web-based Distributed and Remote Monitoring and Control

Network

Monitoring Station

NCAP #2

Sensor STIM

Remote Sensing

Sensor STIM

Actuator STIM

Distributed Control

NCAP #1

Actuator STIM

Remote Actuating

NCAP #3

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Machine Condition Monitoring in the Shop• Temperature sensors monitor spindle motors, bearings, axis drive motors.• Allow monitoring of sensors over the Internet via any common web browser.

NCAP & STIMin each box

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K. Lee, NIST


NIST 1451.1 Platform-Independent Wireless Interface Demonstration

• Targets at the closed-loop control industrial automation area:• Three hardware platforms representing various NCAPs:

• Windows NT Laptop• Open-source Unix based Intel x86 embedded single board computer

(SBC)• Linux based Intel StrongARM SBC

• All connected via an IEEE 802.11b Wireless Access Point and an IEEE 802.3 Wired Ethernet Hub based subnetwork

• Each NCAP is executing a particular transducer application, i.e., temperature, pressure, and actuator applications

• Each transducer application is linked with the NIST-developed 1451.1 library and “open-source” Adaptive Communication Environment (ACE)

• Use a Java-based IEEE 1451.1 NCAP Configuration Tool to connect, configure, control and monitor the NCAPs in our demonstration “control network”

K. Lee, NIST


1451.1 Demonstration Setup

Linux Intel StrongARM Embedded System

Open-source Unix Intel x86 Embedded

System

802.3 Ethernet Wired HUB

802.11 Wireless Access Point

1. Discovery

2. Connection

3. Configuration

4. Execution

Activities

Configuration Application IEEE 1451.1 Temperature

Transducer Application

IEEE 1451.1 Java NCAP

K. Lee, NIST


Benefits of 1451

?A common transducer interface will• Lower the cost to design sensors and actuators to a set

of standardized digital interfaces.• Lower overall cost to make networked sensors.

?Having TEDS with the sensors will• Enable self-description of sensors and actuators.• Eliminate error-prone, manual configuration • Provide easy self-documentation.• Simplify field installation, upgrade, and maintenance of

sensors by simply “plug and play” devices to instruments and networks.

K. Lee, NIST


Benefits of 1451- Cont’d

System integrators• Self-documenting of hardware and software• Sensor systems - easier to install, maintain, modify and upgrade• Easy and quick transducer replacement (plug and play)• Mean to store installation details (in the TEDS)• Choose sensors based on merit

Application software developers• Standard transducer model for control and data• Facilitate distributed measurement and control applications• Support for multiple languages - good for international developers

K. Lee, NIST


Benefits of 1451- Cont’d

Sensor Manufacturers• Standard physical interfaces• One set of standard interfaces to design and support• Multi-level products developed based on TEDS.• Standard calibration specification and data format

End Users• Sensors are simple to use – basically just “plug and play”• Based on the TEDS, software can automatically provide:

• physical units• readings with significant digits as defined in the TEDS• complete transducer specifications• installation details such as instruction, ID, & location of the

sensor

K. Lee, NIST


Wireless Sensor Interfaces

• Exploring a wireless interface for sensors and actuators within the framework of IEEE 1451

• Conducted the first wireless sensing workshop – June 4, 2001• Explored industry need and interest in wireless sensor interface

standard• Conduct a second wireless sensing workshop - October 4, 2001

• Explore technologies for a wireless sensor interface and standardization approach

• Participating in the Bluetooth Industrial Automation (IA) Study Group

• To set up an IA Working Group• To address the need for a wireless sensor interface for condition-

based monitoring and industrial automation• To explore a wireless Bluetooth interface for sensors for industrial

automation

K. Lee, NIST


For More Information

?Please contact:Kang Lee ? by phone: (301) 975-6604, ? by e-mail: [email protected]

?Visit IEEE 1451 web site:http://ieee1451.nist.gov

A Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuatorsvenky/WP/Smart transducer interface for...

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